535:
1609:
1598:
824:
Some ministers may hold multiple portfolios and lead several ministries simultaneously, while multiple ministers with separate portfolios may oversee a single ministry, or may also share both ministerial and deputy-ministerial portfolios in different ministries. A cabinet minister can sometimes be in
467:—the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a
621:—ministers or their equivalents are selected from the legislature, and usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In jurisdictions with strict
1066:
671:
in order to be accountable to
Parliament. From time to time, prime ministers appoint non-parliamentarians as ministers. This can be done by first appointing the person to the House of Lords.
663:
In the United
Kingdom, a government minister does not have to be a member of either House of Parliament. In practice, however, convention is that ministers must be members of either the
660:
in parliament while being part of the government. Individuals who are not in parliament may be appointed as a minister, usually in order to bring special skills to the government.
1498:
1059:
1052:
867:
Once a minister's position is vacant, the minister can be a member of parliament, in accordance with article 57 section 3 of the Dutch constitution.
1232:
656:, or an office of equivalent function, and selects the other ministers. In the Westminster system, these ministers continue to represent their
1503:
1493:
346:
443:, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions—such as
483:'. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.
971:
1602:
1513:
1568:
1129:
888:
645:—ministers cannot be members of the legislature, and a legislator chosen to become a minister must resign from the legislature.
1508:
1449:
1119:
664:
17:
1005:
150:
1543:
1528:
688:
1523:
1459:
379:
1578:
1227:
304:
38:
1558:
1553:
1533:
1358:
179:
88:
1612:
1548:
1080:
843:
515:
475:
and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title '
468:
404:, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the
401:
195:
1638:
1583:
848:
798:
120:
1518:
1275:
1429:
1633:
1538:
1094:
1034:
341:
83:
30:"Councillor of state" redirects here. For the differently spelled role it should not be confused for, see
1563:
1444:
1325:
1205:
155:
1477:
1439:
1270:
826:
718:
1044:
1572:
318:
299:
1424:
918:
562:
313:
1315:
1255:
1180:
372:
263:
275:
56:
37:"Junior Minister" redirects here. For the position in the government of Northern Ireland, see
1320:
1280:
1109:
838:
733:
542:
518:
in the United States). Some holders of a cabinet-level post may have another title, such as '
1375:
1310:
1210:
748:
708:
680:
622:
550:
472:
287:
175:
170:
8:
1434:
1392:
1346:
1260:
1200:
803:
697:
325:
31:
896:
1414:
1402:
1397:
1353:
1303:
1160:
1139:
1134:
972:"Real bridge-builder became Finland's first female government minister - thisisFINLAND"
818:
738:
610:
523:
476:
432:
428:
405:
365:
292:
282:
207:
135:
108:
1454:
1409:
1385:
1368:
1265:
1250:
1220:
1215:
1165:
1001:
778:
773:
713:
570:
507:
183:
48:
943:
435:
of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of
1419:
1380:
1341:
1020:
813:
783:
763:
758:
753:
728:
723:
684:
519:
1363:
1298:
1170:
808:
788:
768:
743:
558:
480:
355:
1175:
1114:
1104:
1099:
793:
668:
653:
649:
614:
577:
546:
511:
499:
417:
409:
145:
130:
125:
78:
1627:
642:
503:
63:
657:
638:
634:
534:
495:
456:
452:
440:
600:, meaning "servant, attendant", which itself was derived from the word '
1074:
581:
566:
436:
421:
397:
249:
237:
115:
98:
618:
557:
The term 'minister' also is used in diplomacy, for a diplomat of the
487:
460:
270:
258:
227:
1124:
626:
538:
464:
444:
413:
140:
73:
545:
shortly after the turn of the 20th century. From left to right:
630:
585:
491:
448:
597:
232:
506:—holders of an equivalent cabinet-level post are called
825:
charge of no ministry at all, and is then known as a "
674:
1135:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister
553:(1866–1952), Minister of Social Affairs, in 1910.
1625:
995:
1060:
373:
601:
591:
1181:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary
1067:
1053:
687:). Other cabinets are usually included in
541:'s first female ministers were brought to
471:and members of the government's ministry,
408:is also a minister and is designated the '
380:
366:
27:Politician who heads a government ministry
1000:, Helsinki: Suomen kirjallisuuden seura,
533:
1023:Definition, dictionary.com dictionaries
549:(1867–1961), member of parliament, and
14:
1626:
1048:
679:Various countries form ministries as
151:President of the Council of Ministers
1032:
966:
964:
700:groups lists of ministers by country
1140:Speaker / President of the assembly
24:
1228:International development minister
39:Junior Minister (Northern Ireland)
25:
1650:
1603:Government ministers by portfolio
1359:Ministry of Education and Culture
1035:"Ministers in the House of Lords"
961:
675:Types of ministers and their name
180:Cabinet collective responsibility
89:President of the council of state
1608:
1607:
1597:
1596:
861:
844:Ministry (government department)
849:Ministry (collective executive)
1276:Ministry of trade and industry
1026:
1013:
998:Miina Sillanpää - edelläkävijä
989:
936:
911:
881:
609:In jurisdictions that use the
486:In some jurisdictions—such as
13:
1:
1430:Ministry of religious affairs
996:Korppi-Tommola, Aura (2016),
874:
576:The term minister comes from
347:Heads of state and government
1033:Maer, Lucinda (2017-09-04).
704:Specific ministers include:
529:
431:jurisdictions which use the
7:
1445:Ministry of social security
1326:Ministry of water resources
1206:Ministry of foreign affairs
1075:Common types of government
832:
648:Normally the leader of the
156:President of the government
10:
1655:
1478:Minister without portfolio
1440:Ministry of social affairs
1271:Ministry of infrastructure
827:minister without portfolio
613:of government—such as the
36:
29:
1592:
1529:Communications ministries
1486:
1470:
1334:
1289:
1241:
1189:
1153:
1087:
1524:Climate change ministers
1425:Ministry of home affairs
854:
563:Minister Plenipotentiary
1613:Ministries by portfolio
1584:Public works ministries
1316:Ministry of electricity
1256:Ministry of the economy
1130:Office of the president
719:Communications minister
586:
561:, such as in the title
514:in the United Kingdom,
1639:Government occupations
1549:Environment ministries
1519:Agriculture ministries
1514:Presidents of assembly
1509:Deputy prime ministers
602:
592:
554:
18:Secretary (government)
1544:Environment ministers
1450:Minister for Veterans
1321:Ministry of Petroleum
1281:Ministry of transport
1120:Deputy First Minister
1110:Deputy prime minister
839:Minister of the Crown
799:Public works minister
734:Deputy prime minister
565:, ranking between an
537:
469:government department
1539:Education ministries
1376:Information minister
1311:Environment minister
1211:Immigration minister
899:on November 19, 2017
749:Environment minister
709:Agriculture minister
623:separation of powers
580:, deriving from the
342:National governments
176:Government formation
57:Executive government
1634:Ministerial offices
1435:Ministry of science
1393:Ministry of justice
1386:Ministry of housing
1347:Ministry of culture
1261:Ministry of finance
1201:Ministry of defence
698:Lists of incumbents
49:the Politics series
32:Counsellor of State
1579:Interior ministers
1460:Minister for women
1415:Ministry of sports
1403:Ministry of labour
1398:Minister of labour
1369:Ministry of health
1354:Education minister
1304:Ministry of energy
1161:Secretary of state
948:wetten.overheid.nl
923:Collins Dictionary
819:Transport minister
739:Education minister
611:Westminster system
606:' meaning "less".
555:
543:Finnish Parliament
524:Postmaster-General
516:Secretary of State
477:assistant minister
433:Westminster system
429:Commonwealth realm
424:' or other title.
406:head of government
300:Semi-parliamentary
136:Minister-president
109:Head of government
1621:
1620:
1569:Health ministries
1564:Forest ministries
1559:Foreign ministers
1554:Finance ministers
1534:Defence ministers
1455:Ministry of women
1410:Regional minister
1292:natural resources
1266:Industry minister
1251:Commerce minister
1221:Interior ministry
1216:Interior minister
1192:foreign affairs /
1166:Minister of state
1007:978-952-222-724-9
893:Oxford Dictionary
779:Interior minister
774:Industry minister
714:Commerce minister
571:Minister Resident
390:
389:
314:Semi-presidential
16:(Redirected from
1646:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1420:Tourism minister
1381:Housing minister
1342:Culture minister
1069:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1010:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
968:
959:
958:
956:
955:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
895:. Archived from
885:
868:
865:
814:Tourism minister
804:Science minister
784:Justice minister
764:Housing minister
759:Foreign minister
754:Finance minister
729:Defence minister
724:Culture minister
685:List of cabinets
665:House of Commons
605:
595:
589:
520:Attorney-General
382:
375:
368:
322:
310:
296:
279:
267:
44:
43:
21:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1588:
1504:Prime ministers
1499:Vice presidents
1482:
1466:
1364:Health minister
1330:
1299:Energy minister
1291:
1285:
1243:
1237:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1171:Deputy minister
1149:
1083:
1073:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1014:
1008:
994:
990:
981:
979:
970:
969:
962:
953:
951:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
887:
886:
882:
877:
872:
871:
866:
862:
857:
835:
809:Sports minister
789:Labour minister
769:Health minister
744:Energy minister
677:
551:Miina Sillanpää
532:
481:deputy minister
386:
356:Politics portal
316:
302:
290:
273:
261:
242:
212:
182:
178:
174:
160:
121:Chief executive
93:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1293:
1290:Environment /
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1244:infrastructure
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1176:Undersecretary
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:First minister
1112:
1107:
1105:Prime minister
1102:
1100:Vice president
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1025:
1012:
1006:
988:
960:
935:
910:
879:
878:
876:
873:
870:
869:
859:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
846:
841:
834:
831:
822:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
794:Prime minister
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
702:
701:
690:Politics of ..
676:
673:
669:House of Lords
654:prime minister
650:majority party
615:United Kingdom
578:Middle English
547:Hedvig Gebhard
531:
528:
512:Home Secretary
500:United Kingdom
418:chief minister
410:prime minister
388:
387:
385:
384:
377:
370:
362:
359:
358:
352:
351:
350:
349:
344:
336:
335:
331:
330:
329:
328:
323:
319:cohabitational
311:
297:
285:
280:
268:
264:Constitutional
253:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
230:
224:
216:
215:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
199:
189:
188:
187:
186:
164:
163:
162:
161:
159:
158:
153:
148:
146:Prime minister
143:
138:
133:
131:First minister
128:
126:Chief minister
123:
118:
112:
102:
101:
95:
94:
92:
91:
86:
81:
79:Supreme leader
76:
70:
67:
66:
60:
59:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1651:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:mental health
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:public safety
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1003:
999:
992:
977:
976:thisisFINLAND
973:
967:
965:
949:
945:
939:
924:
920:
914:
898:
894:
890:
884:
880:
864:
860:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
830:
828:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
699:
696:
695:
694:
693:
691:
686:
682:
672:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
643:United States
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
599:
594:
590:, originally
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:United States
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
383:
378:
376:
371:
369:
364:
363:
361:
360:
357:
354:
353:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
337:
333:
332:
327:
324:
320:
315:
312:
308:
307:
301:
298:
294:
289:
288:Parliamentary
286:
284:
281:
277:
276:Parliamentary
272:
269:
265:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
251:
248:
247:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
197:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
111:
110:
106:
105:
104:
103:
100:
97:
96:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
69:
68:
65:
64:Head of state
62:
61:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1144:
1076:
1028:
1015:
997:
991:
980:. Retrieved
978:. 2017-09-29
975:
952:. Retrieved
947:
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:the original
892:
883:
863:
823:
703:
689:
678:
662:
658:constituency
652:becomes the
647:
608:
575:
559:second class
556:
485:
426:
400:who heads a
393:
391:
326:Presidential
305:
221:
202:
194:
169:
107:
1242:Economics /
639:Philippines
635:Netherlands
510:(e.g., the
508:secretaries
496:Philippines
457:Philippines
453:Netherlands
441:legislature
306:simul simul
293:Westminster
283:Directorial
1628:Categories
1494:Presidents
1190:Defence /
1088:Leadership
1081:ministries
982:2017-10-01
954:2021-03-10
950:(in Dutch)
944:"Grondwet"
919:"Minister"
889:"Minister"
875:References
641:, and the
582:Old French
567:Ambassador
502:, and the
437:Parliament
422:chancellor
398:politician
238:Presidency
116:Chancellor
99:Government
1095:President
1077:ministers
1019:The word
692:-articles
625:—such as
619:Australia
530:Etymology
488:Hong Kong
208:Secretary
184:Secretary
84:President
1145:Minister
1021:Minister
833:See also
681:Cabinets
593:minister
587:ministre
461:Slovenia
402:ministry
394:minister
271:Republic
259:Monarchy
228:Governor
203:Minister
196:Ministry
47:Part of
1125:Premier
928:17 June
903:17 June
627:Belgium
539:Finland
473:cabinet
465:Nigeria
445:Belgium
414:premier
250:Systems
171:Cabinet
141:Premier
74:Monarch
1601:
1335:Social
1233:Europe
1154:Titles
1004:
631:Mexico
569:and a
522:' or '
498:, the
494:, the
492:Mexico
479:' or '
463:, and
449:Mexico
1487:Lists
1471:Other
855:Notes
683:(see
603:minus
598:Latin
584:word
396:is a
334:Lists
233:Mayor
222:Other
1079:and
1002:ISBN
930:2018
905:2018
617:and
420:', '
416:', '
412:', '
829:".
667:or
596:in
526:'.
439:or
427:In
1630::
974:.
963:^
946:.
921:.
891:.
637:,
633:,
629:,
573:.
490:,
459:,
455:,
451:,
447:,
392:A
51:on
1575:)
1571:(
1068:e
1061:t
1054:v
1037:.
985:.
957:.
932:.
907:.
381:e
374:t
367:v
321:)
317:(
309:)
303:(
295:)
291:(
278:)
274:(
266:)
262:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.