340:
936:
576:
916:
45:
111:
1204:
348:
866:
1306:
1267:
1130:
380:
362:
153:
218:
789:
1442:
1109:(“set apart”). A special type of royal, these individuals were forbidden to walk on the ground or be exposed to the general populace. When they needed to go anywhere, they were veiled and carried in a hammock or a basket-like litter similar to bird's nests carried by their slaves. Longer journeys required that they be borne inside larger, covered palanquins with silk covers, with some taking the form of a miniature hut.
562:
1345:
65:
729:
31:
526:: "mail") system averaged about 10 miles (16 km), and could be covered in three hours. A relay's usual complement consisted of two torch-bearers, two luggage-porters, and eight palanquin-bearers who worked in gangs of four, although all eight might pitch in at steep sections. A passenger could travel straight through or break their journey at
927:("พระวอ" Phra Wo, literally, "Royal Sedan") for large ceremonies. Wos were elaborately decorated litters that were delicately carved and colored by gold leaf. Stained glass is also used to decorate the litters. Presently, Royal Wos and carriages are only used for royal ceremonies in Thailand. They are exhibited in the Bangkok National Museum.
1190:
tropical climate, horses were not native to the area nor could they survive very long once introduced by the
Portuguese. Human portage was the only mode of transportation in the region and became highly adept with missionary accounts claiming the litter transporters could move at speeds 'as fast as post horses at the gallop'.
1471:. The occupant sat in the chair, which was then affixed to the back of a single porter, with the tumpline supported by his head. The occupant thus faced backwards during travel. This style of palanquin was probably due to the steep terrain and rough or narrow roads unsuitable to European-style sedan chairs. Travellers by
427:. Larger palanquins are rectangular wooden boxes eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, with openings on either side screened by curtains or shutters. Interiors are furnished with bedding and pillows. Ornamentation reflects the social status of the traveller. The most ornate palanquins have
2124:
Of the fifty-five delegates, Franklin is by far the oldest at eighty-one. His health is not good. On the day the convention opened he was too sick to come. Later he was carried from his home to the meetings in a sedan chair – like a carriage without wheels, held aloft by four men. The bumpy ride of a
533:
Until the mid-19th century, palanquins remained popular for those who could afford them, but they fell out of favor for long journeys as steamers, railways, and roads suitable for wheeled transport were developed. By the beginning of the 20th century they were nearly "obsolete among the better class
691:
Sedan chairs were once the only public conveyance in Hong Kong, filling the role of cabs. Chair stands were found at all hotels, wharves, and major crossroads. Public chairs were licensed, and charged according to tariffs which would be displayed inside. Private chairs were an important marker of a
1422:
In various colonies, litters of various types were maintained under native traditions, but often adopted by the colonials as a new ruling and/or socio-economic elite, either for practical reasons (often comfortable modern transport was unavailable, e.g. for lack of decent roads) and/or as a status
1324:
would be conveyed in a chair enclosed in baize curtains, especially if they had taken a heated bath and were going straight to bed to sweat. The curtains kept off a possibly fatal draft. These were not the proper sedan chairs "to carry the better sort of people in visits, or if sick or infirmed"
1189:
as a mode of transportation for the elites. Seat-style litters with a single pole along the back of the chair carried by two men (usually slaves) were topped with an umbrella. Lounge-style litters in the shape of a bed were used to move one to two people with a porter at each corner. Due to the
437:
describes them as being "carried by eight men in two lots of four, who rest and carry in turn. In the town there are always a number of these men standing in the bazaars and at the sultan's gate and at the gates of other persons for hire." Those for "women are covered with silk curtains."
803:
As the population of Japan increased and less and less land remained available for the grazing of animals, restrictions were placed upon the use of horses for non-military purposes, with the result that human-powered transport grew increasingly important and eventually came to prevail.
1376:
Chairmen moved at a good clip. In Bath they had the right-of-way: pedestrians hearing "By your leave" behind them knew to flatten themselves against walls or railings as the chairmen hustled through. There were often disastrous accidents, upset chairs, and broken glass-paned windows.
126:
attached along its length to poles or stretched inside a frame. The poles or frame are carried by porters in front and behind. Such simple litters are common on battlefields and emergency situations, where terrain prohibits wheeled vehicles from carrying away the dead and wounded.
1394:, the decline of the sedan chair is illustrated by licensing records which show twenty-seven sedan chairs in 1800, eighteen in 1817, and ten in 1828. During that same period the number of registered hackney carriages in Glasgow rose to one hundred and fifty.
1282:(reigned 1509–1547) was carried around in a sedan chair—it took four strong chairmen to carry him towards the end of his life—but the expression "sedan chair" did not appear in print until 1615. Trevor Fawcett notes (see link) that British travellers
1172:
which have become very popular among the Ga in the last 50 years. Since these figurative coffins were shown 1989 in the exhibition "Les magicians de la terre" in the Centre
Pompidou in Paris they were shown in many art museums around the world.
502:. Concerned that this indulgence led to neglect of business in favor of "rambling", in 1758 the Court of Directors of the company prohibited its junior clerks from purchasing and maintaining palanquins. Also in the time of the British in India,
1356:
By the mid-17th century, sedans for hire had become a common mode of transportation. London had "chairs" available for hire in 1634, each assigned a number and the chairmen licensed because the operation was a monopoly of a courtier of King
1031:
today, the tradition of using palanquins for auspicious statues, weapons or heirlooms continues, for funerals especially; in more elaborate rituals, a palanquin is used to bear the body, and is subsequently cremated along with the departed.
1026:
palanquin was oval-shaped and draped in white cloth; this was reflective of greater cultural permeation by Islam. Occasionally, a weapon or heirloom, such as an important keris or tombak, was given its own palanquin. In Hindu culture in
482:
are very little observers of their own Laws, they began at first to be tolerated upon occasion of the Rain, and for favours, or presents, and afterwards became so common that they are us'd almost by everybody throughout the whole
509:
In the early 19th century, the most prevalent mode of long-distance transport for the affluent was by palanquin. The post office could arrange, with a few days notice, relays of bearers to convey a traveller's palanquin between
213:
still have the link extinguishers on the exteriors, shaped like outsized candle snuffers. In the 1970s, entrepreneur and
Bathwick resident, John Cuningham, revived the sedan chair service business for a brief amount of time.
1385:
In Great
Britain, in the early 19th century, the public sedan chair began to fall out of use, perhaps because streets were better paved or perhaps because of the rise of the more comfortable, companionable and affordable
90:, for the transport of people. Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the elements. Larger litters, for example those of the
1329:). In the 17th and 18th centuries, the chairs stood in the main hall of a well-appointed city residence, where a lady could enter and be carried to her destination without setting foot in a filthy street. The
394:
is a covered litter, usually for one passenger. It is carried by an even number of bearers (between two and eight, but most commonly four) on their shoulders, by means of a pole projecting fore and aft.
186:
suitable for a single occupant, also carried by at least two porters, one in front and one behind, using wooden rails that pass through brackets on the sides of the chair. These porters were known in
549:, and they may be used to carry religious images in Hindu processions. Many parts in Uttar Pradesh, India like Gorakhpur and around places Vishwakarma communities has been involved in making the
309:
in 675 AD saw the need to order that bishops, when carrying the relics of martyrs in procession, must walk to the church, and not be carried in a chair, or litter, by deacons clothed in white.
959:
was a wicker chair with a canopy, attached to two poles, and borne on men's shoulders, and was available for hire to any paying customer. As a status marker, gilded throne-like palanquins, or
134:. Such litters, consisting of a simple cane chair with maybe an umbrella to ward off the elements and two stout bamboo poles, may still be found in Chinese mountain resorts such as the
963:, were originally reserved solely for royalty, and later co-opted by the Dutch, as a status marker: the more elaborate the palanquin, the higher the status of the owner. The
768:, each assigned to different government official rankings. Because of the difficulties posed by the mountainous terrain of the Korean peninsula and the lack of paved roads,
205:
who carried torches. Where possible, the link boys escorted the fares to the chairmen, the passengers then being delivered to the door of their lodgings. Several houses in
421:
Palanquins vary in size and grandeur. The smallest and simplest, a cot or frame suspended by the four corners from a bamboo pole and borne by two bearers, is called a
1373:
Commission's rules. A trip within a city cost six pence and a day's rental was four shillings. A sedan was even used as an ambulance in
Scotland's Royal Infirmary.
830:
period when regional samurai were required to spend a part of the year in Edo (Tokyo) with their families, resulting in yearly migrations of the rich and powerful (
339:
145:, for the passenger or passengers to lie on. These are carried by at least two porters in equal numbers in front and behind, using wooden rails that pass through
1933:
2018:
Missionary
Journals and Letters: Written During Eleven Years' Residence and Travels Amongst the Chinese, Siamese, Javanese, Khassias, and Other Eastern Nations
94:, may resemble small rooms upon a platform borne upon the shoulders of a dozen or more people. To most efficiently carry a litter, porters either place the
518:
458:). Indian women of rank always travelled by palanquin. The conveyance proved popular with European residents in India, and was used extensively by them.
3158:
935:
2232:
1893:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1836:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1720:
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of
Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
1361:. Sedan chairs could pass in streets too narrow for a carriage, helping to alleviate the crush of coaches in London streets, an early instance of
1908:
1310:
498:
Being transported by palanquin was pleasant. Owning one and keeping the staff to power it was a luxury affordable even to low-paid clerks of the
822:
302:
often carried members of the imperial family, as well as other dignitaries and other members of the rich elite, when not mounted on horseback.
1494:, is used in the mountains of China for ferrying older tourists and visitors up and down the mountain paths. One of these mountains where the
1112:
In
Spanish-colonial Philippines, litters remained one of the options of transportation for the Spanish inhabitants and members of the native
998:. It was always part of a large military procession, with a yellow (the Javanese colour for royalty) square canopy. The ceremonial parasol (
896:. More elaborate cáng had an adjustable woven bamboo shade to shelter the occupant. Dignitaries would have an entourage to carry parasols.
1002:) was held above the palanquin, which was carried by a bearer behind and flanked by the most loyal bodyguards, usually about 12 men, with
797:
1402:
The wealthy are recorded to have used sedan chairs in the cities of colonial America and the early period of the United States. In 1787,
1369:. In 1738 a fare system was established for Scottish sedans, and the regulations covering chairmen in Bath are reminiscent of the modern
1627:
1411:
1314:
903:
resemble more of the sedan chair, enclosed with a fixed elaborately carved roof and doors. While the cáng has become obsolete, the
2194:
3209:
915:
772:
s were preferred over wheeled vehicles. In traditional weddings, the bride and groom are carried to the ceremony in separate
272:) were often transported in a litter in public, frequently in procession, as during state ceremonial or religious festivals.
716:, where they could take advantage of the cooler climate. Since 1975 an annual sedan chair race has been held to benefit the
575:
44:
2225:
1084:, a wooden or bamboo throne with elaborate and intricate carvings carried by their servants. Also among their retinue were
190:
as "chairmen". These have been very rare since the 19th century, but such enclosed portable litters have been used as an
431:
paintwork and cast bronze finials at the ends of the poles. Designs include foliage, animals, and geometric patterns.
276:
2110:
2039:
1855:
1743:
1551:
as a portable sacred container and throne of God, sharing similarities with portable shrines and covered sedan chairs
1334:
553:
processions. The last known doli making dates back around 2000 by Sharmas(Vishwakarmas) in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.
3199:
1779:
3194:
2218:
343:
A covered sedan chair being carried by eight or nine men, wearing white with various coloured sashes and turbans
2997:
2389:
717:
1670:
1427:, so much so that in 1758 an order was issued prohibiting their purchase by certain lower-ranking employees.
649:
610:
110:
1475:
usually employed a number of porters, who would alternate carrying the occupant. The porters were known as
1164:) use also figurative palanquins which are built after a chief's family symbol or totem. But these day the
692:
person's status. Civil officers' status was denoted by the number of bearers attached to his chair. Before
2089:
T. Atkinson Jenkins. "Origin of the Word Sedan", Hispanic Review, Vol. 1, No. 3 (July 1933), pp. 240–242.
1423:
symbol. During the 17–18th centuries, palanquins (see above) were very popular among European traders in
17:
138:
to carry tourists along scenic paths and to viewing positions inaccessible by other means of transport.
2249:
1760:
1891:
1834:
1718:
1203:
870:
705:
2204:
3143:
3004:
2871:
2384:
2329:
1997:
1977:
1783:
1302:, which were chairs for public hire slung from poles and carried on the shoulders of two porters.
2951:
2241:
1865:
1410:, and in generally declining health, is noted to have travelled to meetings of the United States
87:
1762:
The Travels of Pietro Della Valle in India from the old English translation of 1664 by G. Havers
865:
587:
the elite travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier's back like a backpack. In the
3204:
3168:
3106:
2992:
2621:
2611:
2187:
1520:
347:
306:
149:
on the sides of the couch. The largest and heaviest types would be carried by draught animals.
146:
1861:
The History of the Indian Revolt, and of the Expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856-7-8
2153:
1305:
1279:
709:
628:
222:
2147:
3111:
2289:
2060:
1358:
1165:
1157:
1141:
780:, when the gamas were also used for celebrations of passing government exams and funerals.
588:
69:
58:
157:
8:
2506:
2446:
2354:
2319:
2304:
2273:
2032:
Sumatran sultanate and colonial state: Jambi and the rise of Dutch imperialism, 1830–1907
1961:
1883:
1859:
1826:
1794:
1710:
1689:
1621:
1544:
1499:
1459:
A similar but simpler palanquin was used by the elite in parts of 18th- and 19th-century
1219:
Portuguese and Spanish navigators and colonisers encountered litters of various sorts in
1181:
From at least the 15th century until the 19th century, litters of varying types known as
135:
704:
were carried on sedan chairs by porters up the steep paths to their residence including
3152:
2431:
2379:
2339:
1362:
827:
499:
478:
is prohibited to men, because indeed 'tis a thing too effeminate, nevertheless, as the
459:
334:
115:
1658:
2547:
2542:
2421:
2364:
2106:
2035:
1739:
1525:
1403:
1338:
907:
is retained in certain traditional rituals a part of a temple devotional procession.
123:
1964:, Illustrations of China and Its People, John Thomson 1837–1921, (London, 1873–1874)
1802:
1467:(Spanish for seat or chair), it consisted of a simple wooden chair with an attached
1266:
2976:
2657:
2530:
1535:
1387:
1186:
764:
s were primarily used by royalty and government officials. There were six types of
592:
313:
91:
3189:
3116:
2852:
2780:
2724:
2714:
2563:
2481:
2456:
2406:
2374:
2344:
2309:
2279:
2100:
2002:
1982:
1798:
1766:
1212:
1148:. When used in such occasions these palanquins may be seen as a substitutes of a
1040:
In pre-colonial Philippines, litters were a way of transportation for the elite (
971:
952:
944:
940:
751:
535:
831:
3073:
3061:
3044:
3032:
2896:
2857:
2734:
2694:
2521:
2451:
2436:
2401:
2359:
2314:
2264:
2178:
2168:
2054:
1887:
1830:
1714:
1352:
sedan chair arrives at a garden party; 19th-century oil painting by G. Borgelli
1321:
1263:, the traditional Classical Latin name for a chair, including a carried chair.
1240:
1169:
1145:
850:
777:
688:, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.
546:
506:
served as military ambulances, used to carry the wounded from the battlefield.
280:
206:
3183:
3049:
3037:
2827:
2729:
2461:
2411:
2369:
2324:
1662:
1616:
1460:
1330:
1326:
1283:
1088:(umbrella)-bearers, to shade the royalty and nobility from the intense heat.
1003:
701:
379:
95:
1243:. All the European names for these devices ultimately derive from the root
1129:
2806:
2739:
2699:
2678:
2589:
2579:
2501:
2466:
2426:
2299:
2067:
1548:
1144:
carry their chiefs and kings in palanquins when they appear in their state
793:
527:
492:
488:
361:
287:
183:
141:
A more luxurious version consists of a bed or couch, sometimes enclosed by
2210:
238:
201:
Sedan chairs, in use until the 19th century, were accompanied at night by
3163:
3009:
2907:
2837:
2754:
2584:
2416:
1560:
1287:
1208:
1149:
1113:
967:
was transported either by hired help, by nobles' peasants, or by slaves.
713:
584:
434:
2146:
2080:
George Balandier "Daily Life in the Kingdom of the Kongo" (1968), p. 117
746:
In Korea, royalty and aristocrats were carried in wooden litters called
152:
2946:
2832:
2811:
2801:
2719:
2704:
2662:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2496:
2491:
2396:
2294:
1879:
1822:
1706:
1515:
512:
414:. The Portuguese apparently added a nasal termination to these to make
384:
317:
234:
826:
were used by the warrior class and nobility, most famously during the
788:
217:
3096:
2842:
2749:
2744:
2647:
2510:
842:
820:: かご) were often used in Japan to transport the non-samurai citizen.
697:
693:
648:
The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair (
198:
for centuries, especially in cultures where women are kept secluded.
195:
923:
In Thailand, the royalty were also carried in wooden litters called
873:
depicting the satirical "rat's wedding" with the bride carried in a
834:) to and from the capital along the central backbone road of Japan.
3123:
3091:
2847:
2601:
2594:
2476:
2471:
2441:
2284:
1468:
1430:
1366:
1152:
in Europe or a horse used in Northern Ghana. The chiefs of the Ga (
1134:
817:
443:
366:
202:
1441:
1022:
and a variety of disguised blades. In contrast, the canopy of the
919:
Elaborate royal Thai Wo, "พระวอสีวิกากาญจน์" (Phra Wo Si Wika Kan)
541:
Modern use of the palanquin is limited to ceremonial occasions. A
538:, introduced in the 1930s, supplanted them for trips around town.
3148:
3068:
3056:
2652:
2642:
2535:
2486:
2349:
2334:
2269:
1530:
1446:
1436:
1391:
1370:
1313:, with curved bars to permit ascent to or descent from the dome;
1271:
1101:
1042:
1023:
893:
854:
838:
685:
681:
667:
595:, wooden carriages on poles appear in painted landscape scrolls.
428:
269:
250:
210:
142:
130:
Litters can also be created quickly by the lashing of poles to a
83:
1620:
1278:
In Europe this mode of transportation met with instant success.
880:
Traditional Vietnam employed two distinct types of litters, the
561:
2956:
2929:
2923:
2901:
2796:
1566:
1554:
1490:
A chair borne on the back of a porter, almost identical to the
1424:
1349:
1295:
1236:
1224:
1015:
846:
657:
618:
603:
599:
226:
187:
161:
102:
to transfer the load from the carrying poles to the shoulders.
55:
2183:
The Figurative Palanquins of the Ga. History and Significance.
2173:
Concealed Art. The Figurative Palanquins and Coffins in Ghana.
1344:
64:
30:
2891:
2886:
1592:
1503:
1299:
1232:
1220:
1161:
1062:
1019:
1011:
1007:
813:
728:
523:
268:, the ruler and divinities (in the form of an idol like lord
265:
257:
253:
191:
179:
131:
80:
516:
or stations. The distance between these in the government's
27:
Human-powered wheelless vehicle for the transport of persons
2759:
2709:
1539:
1407:
1228:
1068:
1056:
1028:
808:
312:
In the Catholic Church, Popes were carried the same way in
261:
99:
3101:
1557:(carriage positioned on the back of an elephant or camel)
1320:
From the mid-17th century, visitors taking the waters at
402:, meaning bed or couch. The Malay and Javanese form is
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1259:("little seat"), the latter of which was contracted to
1133:
A figurative palanquin; drawing by the Ghanaian artist
441:
Palanquins are mentioned in literature as early as the
2029:
49:
1765:. Vol. I. Translated by Havers, George. London:
892:
is a basic bamboo pole with the rider reclining in a
684:
in an auspicious shade of red, richly ornamented and
418:. English adopted it from Portuguese as "palanquin".
305:
The habit must have proven quite persistent, for the
241:
are still carried through the streets using litters.
48:
The Japanese Princess Mune's 18th-century palanquin (
2030:
Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth; Jackson, Beverley (2004).
1808:
351:
Palanquin in the streets of Calcutta, an engraving,
2144:
1934:"Pilgrim nation: The Goddess Meenakshi of Madurai"
1701:
1699:
1099:) who were sequestered from the world were called
845:), the central totemic core normally found in the
2105:. New York: Simon and Schuster (published 2009).
1759:Della Valle, Pietro (1892) . Grey, Edward (ed.).
3181:
1667:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1168:are very seldom used. They are related with the
700:went into service in 1888, wealthy residents of
670:ceremony by a "shoulder carriage" (Chinese:
1696:
837:Somewhat similar in appearance to kago are the
2099:Colbert, David (2 June 2009). "A Rising Sun".
1805:on Song of Solomon 3, accessed 10 January 2023
720:and commemorate the practice of earlier days.
156:Lady in a litter being carried by her slaves,
2226:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1563:to carry a casket during a funeral procession
1337:(Queen Consort from 1761 to 1818) remains at
853:, on a tour to and from a shrine during some
35:
1631:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1414:in a sedan chair carried by four prisoners.
1311:Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
755:
2240:
2125:carriage would have been too uncomfortable.
2048:
1878:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1821:
1758:
1705:
462:, a 17th-century Italian traveller, wrote:
297:
291:
68:A late-18th-century English sedan chair at
3159:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums
2233:
2219:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1635:
994:; a more throne-like version was called a
275:The instructions for how to construct the
2201:II (1988): richly detailed social history
2195:Trevor Fawcett, "Chair transport in Bath"
1931:
1380:
798:The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kiso Kaidō
776:s, this custom goes back to the times of
666:). A traditional bride is carried to her
221:Catholic procession with a statue of the
1843:
1839:. London: John Murray. pp. 659–661.
1733:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1487:(sometimes translated as "saddle-men").
1440:
1343:
1304:
1265:
1202:
1128:
939:Princely bride and groom in a litter in
934:
914:
864:
787:
727:
574:
560:
378:
360:
346:
338:
216:
151:
109:
63:
43:
29:
2098:
1950:
1932:Pattanaik, Devdutt (27 November 2016).
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
841:that are used to carry the "god-body" (
98:directly upon their shoulders or use a
14:
3182:
1738:. London: Picador. pp. 186, 318.
1431:The traveling "silla" of Latin America
1365:. A similar system later operated in
398:The word is derived from the Sanskrit
328:
2214:
1972:
1970:
1906:
1677:
1656:
1602:
1315:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)
114:Improvised sling-type litters on the
2157:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2063:of the Ga. History and Significance.
1854:
1579:
1417:
1896:. London: John Murray. p. 299.
1723:. London: John Murray. p. 313.
1140:In Southern Ghana the Akan and the
565:A public sedan chair in Hong Kong,
24:
2162:
1967:
1397:
955:society, the generic palanquin or
495:is said to have made for himself.
491:refer to a wooden palanquin which
316:, which was replaced later by the
25:
3221:
2207:: Historical exhibit at Kamat.com
2191:, Vol. 46, Nr. 4, 2013, S. 60–73.
1907:Anand, Jatin (21 November 2016).
970:Historically, the palanquin of a
2175:Berne, Edition Till Schaap 2014.
2151:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2020:Nisbet: 1844: 384 pages, pp 251:
1909:"Big, fat weddings getting trim"
1803:Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary
1231:. Such novelties, imported into
174:Another form, commonly called a
2130:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2023:
2010:
1998:"Riding sedan chair to wedding"
1990:
1925:
1900:
1872:
1251:, "to sit", which gave rise to
54:), with an arabesque design in
2205:Luxury Transport of Palanquins
1788:
1773:
1752:
1727:
1193:
1035:
756:
718:Matilda International Hospital
676:
671:
662:
653:
641:
636:
623:
614:
591:and the Northern and Southern
256:and many other places such as
122:A simple litter consists of a
105:
13:
1:
3210:Objects used in Hindu worship
1978:"'Gama': a comprehensive art"
1671:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1572:
1538:, the portable throne of the
1450:
1290:(in 1644–45) remarked on the
737:
680:), usually hired. These were
645:) enclosed in silk curtains.
566:
530:located at certain stations.
448:
370:
352:
165:
1692:. Heritage Transport Museum.
1406:, at the time 81 years old,
1255:("seat") and its diminutive
1198:
1119:
930:
244:
7:
2145:Tirso López Bardón (1913).
1736:The Travels of Ibn Battutah
1509:
1506:province in Eastern China.
910:
225:being carried on a litter,
50:
10:
3226:
1665:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1434:
1207:A sedan chair designed by
860:
470:in the Territories of the
332:
323:
118:in the Philippines in 1942
3136:
3084:
3025:
3018:
2985:
2969:
2939:
2916:
2879:
2870:
2820:
2789:
2768:
2687:
2671:
2635:
2572:
2556:
2520:
2257:
2248:
2148:"Councils of Braga"
2071:, 46 (4), 2013, S. 60–73.
1690:"1850s Palki (Palanquin)"
1412:Constitutional Convention
1176:
792:A norimono in a print by
487:Some translations of the
3144:Animal-powered transport
1784:Revised Standard Version
1597:Sedan Chairs Ride Again.
1463:. Often simply called a
1124:
1076:) and their wives use a
783:
723:
706:Sir Richard MacDonnell's
556:
406:, in Hindi and Bengali,
233:In traditional Catholic
3200:Animal-powered vehicles
3019:Non-vehicular transport
2242:Human-powered transport
1962:A Hong Kong Sedan Chair
1657:Islam, Sirajul (2012).
1628:Encyclopædia Britannica
1270:Litter with porters in
545:carries the bride in a
88:human-powered transport
34:A Turkish sedan chair (
3195:Human-powered vehicles
3169:Zero-emissions vehicle
1734:Battutah, Ibn (2002).
1521:Litter (rescue basket)
1456:
1381:The end of a tradition
1353:
1317:
1275:
1216:
1137:
948:
920:
877:
800:
743:
580:
579:A Chinese bridal sedan
572:
485:
387:
376:
358:
344:
307:Third Council of Braga
298:
292:
230:
171:
119:
72:
61:
41:
36:
2154:Catholic Encyclopedia
2061:Figurative Palanquins
2034:. SEAP Publications.
1498:is still used is the
1445:"Riding in a Silla",
1444:
1347:
1333:sedan chair made for
1308:
1280:Henry VIII of England
1269:
1206:
1166:figurative palanquins
1132:
1072:, sovereign princes (
938:
918:
868:
791:
731:
710:Governor of Hong Kong
578:
564:
464:
382:
364:
350:
342:
220:
158:province of São Paulo
155:
113:
67:
47:
33:
1986:. November 24, 2015.
1884:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1827:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1711:Burnell, Arthur Coke
1158:Greater Accra Region
589:Northern Wei dynasty
283:resembles a litter.
3107:Alpine touring skis
2917:Hand and foot power
2507:Cold-weather biking
2447:Small-wheel bicycle
2355:Glossary of cycling
2320:Cyclo-cross bicycle
2305:Cold-weather biking
1795:Carl Friedrich Keil
1669:(Second ed.).
1595:(December 2, 2002)
1547:, described in the
1545:Ark of the Covenant
1500:Huangshan Mountains
1309:Carrying chair for
855:religious festivals
547:traditional wedding
329:Indian subcontinent
277:Ark of the Covenant
237:, holy statues and
136:Huangshan Mountains
3112:Cross-country skis
2776:Litter/sedan chair
2340:Flat bar road bike
1457:
1363:traffic congestion
1354:
1318:
1276:
1217:
1170:figurative coffins
1138:
986:) or other noble (
949:
921:
878:
801:
744:
598:A commoner used a
581:
573:
500:East India Company
460:Pietro Della Valle
388:
377:
359:
345:
335:Transport in India
290:, a litter called
231:
172:
120:
116:Bataan Death March
73:
62:
42:
3177:
3176:
3132:
3131:
2965:
2964:
2866:
2865:
2548:Motorized scooter
2543:Motorized bicycle
2422:Recumbent bicycle
2365:Motorized bicycle
2102:Benjamin Franklin
2006:. April 21, 2014.
1780:Song of Songs 3:9
1622:"Palanquin"
1526:Sling (furniture)
1418:Colonial practice
1404:Benjamin Franklin
1339:Buckingham Palace
1185:were used in the
990:) was known as a
551:dolis for wedding
16:(Redirected from
3217:
3023:
3022:
2977:Amphibious cycle
2932:(sliding rigger)
2877:
2876:
2658:Invalid carriage
2573:Other foot power
2531:Electric bicycle
2255:
2254:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2158:
2150:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1819:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1654:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1613:
1600:
1590:
1536:Sedia gestatoria
1455:
1452:
1388:hackney carriage
1274:, Portugal, 1821
1187:Kingdom of Kongo
871:Đông Hồ painting
847:most sacred area
839:portable shrines
759:
758:
742:
739:
678:
673:
664:
655:
643:
638:
625:
616:
571:
568:
457:
455:
450:
383:Doli service in
375:
372:
357:
354:
314:sedia gestatoria
301:
295:
178:, consists of a
170:
167:
92:Chinese emperors
53:
39:
21:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3128:
3080:
3014:
2981:
2961:
2935:
2912:
2862:
2853:Summer toboggan
2816:
2790:Weight shifting
2785:
2781:Scoop stretcher
2764:
2725:Pulled rickshaw
2715:Flatbed trolley
2683:
2667:
2631:
2568:
2564:Treadle bicycle
2552:
2516:
2482:Utility bicycle
2457:Touring bicycle
2407:Porteur bicycle
2375:Mountain biking
2345:Folding bicycle
2310:Cruiser bicycle
2280:Bicycle trailer
2244:
2239:
2165:
2163:Further reading
2141:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2003:The Korea Times
1996:
1995:
1991:
1983:The Korea Times
1976:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1905:
1901:
1888:Crooke, William
1877:
1873:
1853:
1844:
1831:Crooke, William
1820:
1809:
1799:Franz Delitzsch
1793:
1789:
1778:
1774:
1767:Hakluyt Society
1757:
1753:
1746:
1732:
1728:
1715:Crooke, William
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1655:
1636:
1614:
1603:
1591:
1580:
1575:
1512:
1453:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1400:
1398:In the Americas
1383:
1335:Queen Charlotte
1213:Queen Charlotte
1201:
1196:
1179:
1127:
1122:
1038:
951:In traditional
945:West Kalimantan
933:
913:
863:
786:
740:
726:
633:official litter
569:
559:
534:of Europeans".
453:
451:
373:
355:
337:
331:
326:
247:
168:
108:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3137:Related topics
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3074:Stair climbing
3066:
3065:
3064:
3062:Stair climbing
3054:
3053:
3052:
3045:Roller skating
3042:
3041:
3040:
3033:Inline skating
3029:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2926:(sliding seat)
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:Paddleboarding
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2858:Gravity biking
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Shopping caddy
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Baby transport
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2522:Electric motor
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Tandem bicycle
2449:
2444:
2439:
2437:Safety bicycle
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Penny-farthing
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2360:Hybrid bicycle
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Cycle rickshaw
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2192:
2179:Regula Tschumi
2176:
2169:Regula Tschumi
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2111:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2055:Regula Tschumi
2047:
2040:
2022:
2009:
1989:
1966:
1949:
1924:
1899:
1871:
1842:
1807:
1787:
1772:
1769:. p. 185.
1751:
1744:
1726:
1695:
1676:
1663:Islam, Sirajul
1634:
1619:, ed. (1911).
1617:Chisholm, Hugh
1601:
1593:Bath Chronicle
1577:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1435:Main article:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1399:
1396:
1382:
1379:
1286:(in 1594) and
1247:, as in Latin
1235:, spread into
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1178:
1175:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1037:
1034:
947:, in the 1940s
932:
929:
912:
909:
862:
859:
851:Shinto Shrines
785:
782:
778:Joseon Dynasty
725:
722:
674:; pinyin:
639:; pinyin:
635:(Chinese:
631:class used an
558:
555:
330:
327:
325:
322:
281:Book of Exodus
246:
243:
207:Bath, Somerset
107:
104:
96:carrying poles
79:is a class of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3222:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Taxi vehicles
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3117:Telemark skis
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Gravity racer
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Shopping cart
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:Pushed/pulled
2686:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:Treadle power
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Track bicycle
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Prone bicycle
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:Mountain bike
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Downhill bike
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:Bath History,
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2126:
2114:
2112:9781416998891
2108:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2041:0-87727-736-2
2037:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2016:Tomlin, Jacob
2013:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1938:Mumbai Mirror
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19:
3085:Snow and ice
2904:(fixed seat)
2807:Caster board
2775:
2740:Stairclimber
2700:Baggage cart
2679:Rowing cycle
2590:Kick scooter
2580:Balance bike
2502:Wheelie bike
2467:Trailer bike
2427:Road bicycle
2300:City bicycle
2198:
2188:African Arts
2186:
2182:
2172:
2152:
2132:
2123:
2116:. Retrieved
2101:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2068:African Arts
2066:
2058:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2001:
1992:
1981:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1902:
1892:
1874:
1860:
1856:Dodd, George
1835:
1790:
1775:
1761:
1754:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1666:
1626:
1596:
1549:Hebrew Bible
1495:
1491:
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1476:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1421:
1401:
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1331:neoclassical
1319:
1291:
1277:
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1239:and then to
1218:
1182:
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1106:
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1092:
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1090:
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881:
879:
874:
869:Traditional
836:
832:Sankin-kōtai
821:
807:
806:
802:
794:Keisai Eisen
773:
769:
765:
761:
747:
745:
733:
690:
675:
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647:
640:
632:
622:
607:civil litter
606:
597:
593:Song dynasty
582:
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532:
517:
511:
508:
503:
497:
493:King Solomon
489:Hebrew Bible
486:
479:
475:
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467:
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442:
440:
433:
423:
422:
420:
415:
411:
410:, in Telugu
407:
403:
399:
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391:
389:
311:
304:
288:Ancient Rome
285:
274:
248:
232:
200:
182:or windowed
175:
173:
140:
129:
121:
86:, a type of
76:
74:
3164:Human power
3010:Ornithopter
2838:Street luge
2755:Wheelbarrow
2585:Dandy horse
2417:Quadracycle
2390:Singletrack
2258:Pedal power
1880:Yule, Henry
1864:. pp.
1823:Yule, Henry
1707:Yule, Henry
1659:"Palanquin"
1561:Pall-bearer
1454: 1840
1288:John Evelyn
1209:Robert Adam
1194:In the West
1150:state coach
1114:principalia
1036:Philippines
978:), prince (
754::
741: 1890
714:summer home
642:guan1 jiao4
570: 1870
435:Ibn Batutta
374: 1895
365:A dooly at
356: 1881
235:processions
223:Virgin Mary
176:sedan chair
169: 1860
106:Definitions
18:Sedan chair
3184:Categories
3097:Ice skates
3026:Foot power
3005:Helicopter
2970:Amphibious
2947:Hydrocycle
2940:Foot power
2880:Hand power
2833:Billy cart
2812:Snakeboard
2802:Pogo stick
2720:Hand truck
2705:Bath chair
2672:Row action
2663:Wheelchair
2636:Hand power
2627:Skateboard
2617:Freeskates
2607:Brakeboard
2497:Velomobile
2492:Velocipede
2397:Party bike
2295:Cargo bike
2290:Boneshaker
2118:2 December
1943:2017-01-08
1918:2017-01-08
1573:References
1516:Bath chair
1485:silleteros
624:min2 jiao4
468:Palanchino
452: 250
385:Sabarimala
333:See also:
318:popemobile
70:Eaton Hall
37:tahtırevan
3124:Snowshoes
2952:Hydrofoil
2843:Snowboard
2750:Toy wagon
2745:Stretcher
2648:Handcycle
2622:Longboard
2612:Freeboard
2511:ice cycle
1913:The Hindu
1481:cargueros
1359:Charles I
1199:In Europe
1156:) in the
1154:mantsemei
1142:Ga-Dangme
1120:In Africa
988:bangsawan
984:raden mas
982:), lord (
931:Indonesia
843:goshintai
732:A Korean
698:Peak Tram
694:Hong Kong
682:lacquered
663:xi3 jiao4
585:Han China
536:Rickshaws
480:Portugals
472:Portugals
466:Going in
416:palanquim
392:palanquin
251:pharaonic
245:Antiquity
203:link-boys
196:transport
81:wheelless
3092:Crampons
2993:Aircraft
2848:Toboggan
2602:Kicksled
2595:Kickbike
2477:Unicycle
2472:Tricycle
2442:Sociable
2432:Roadster
2385:Downhill
2285:BMX bike
1886:(1903).
1858:(1859).
1829:(1903).
1801:(1866),
1713:(1903).
1599:Page 21.
1510:See also
1477:silleros
1469:tumpline
1367:Scotland
1292:seggioli
1135:Ataa Oko
1093:binibini
1078:Sankayan
1074:Rajamuda
1024:Sumatran
980:pangeran
972:Javanese
953:Javanese
911:Thailand
884:and the
828:Tokugawa
823:Norimono
818:Hiragana
708:(former
702:The Peak
629:mandarin
444:Ramayana
404:palangki
400:palyanka
367:Varanasi
194:form of
147:brackets
143:curtains
84:vehicles
51:norimono
3153:outline
3149:Cycling
3069:Walking
3057:Running
2821:Gravity
2769:Carried
2653:Hobcart
2643:Handcar
2536:Pedelec
2487:Velocar
2350:Go-kart
2335:Fatbike
2274:outline
2270:Bicycle
2197:: from
1890:(ed.).
1833:(ed.).
1717:(ed.).
1531:Mikoshi
1447:Chiapas
1437:sillero
1392:Glasgow
1272:Madeira
1241:Britain
1146:durbars
1116:class.
1107:Binocot
1102:Binukot
1082:Sakayan
1043:maginoo
1016:muskets
996:pangkem
992:jempana
961:jempana
941:Sanggau
894:hammock
861:Vietnam
677:jiān yú
668:wedding
650:Chinese
611:Chinese
429:lacquer
412:pallaki
324:In Asia
293:lectica
279:in the
270:Krishna
211:England
59:lacquer
40:), 1893
3190:Chairs
3050:skates
3038:skates
2957:Pedalo
2930:Rowing
2924:Rowing
2902:Rowing
2797:Trikke
2524:assist
2330:Enduro
2109:
2038:
1742:
1567:Gurney
1555:Howdah
1425:Bengal
1350:rococo
1296:Naples
1257:sedula
1249:sedere
1237:France
1227:, and
1225:Mexico
1215:, 1775
1183:tipoye
1177:Angola
1086:payong
1063:Lakans
1057:Rajahs
1012:lances
1008:sabres
1000:payung
974:king (
888:. The
816:: 駕籠,
752:Korean
686:gilded
660::
658:pinyin
652::
621::
619:pinyin
613::
604:bamboo
600:wooden
513:stages
454:
264:, and
239:relics
229:, 2010
227:London
188:London
162:Brazil
77:litter
56:maki-e
2892:Kayak
2887:Canoe
2872:Water
2136:koron
1661:. In
1540:popes
1504:Anhui
1496:silla
1492:silla
1473:silla
1465:silla
1408:gouty
1390:. In
1300:Genoa
1261:sella
1233:Spain
1221:India
1162:Ghana
1125:Ghana
1069:Datus
1052:tumao
1020:keris
1004:pikes
814:Kanji
796:from
784:Japan
724:Korea
557:China
524:Hindi
504:dolis
483:year.
476:India
408:palki
299:sella
266:China
258:India
254:Egypt
192:elite
184:cabin
180:chair
132:chair
124:sling
2998:list
2908:Punt
2760:Sled
2710:Cart
2380:27.5
2265:29er
2250:Land
2185:In:
2120:2018
2107:ISBN
2065:In:
2059:The
2036:ISBN
1868:–22.
1797:and
1740:ISBN
1371:Taxi
1322:Bath
1298:and
1253:seda
1245:sed-
1229:Peru
1211:for
1048:ginu
1029:Bali
976:raja
965:joli
957:joli
905:kiệu
901:kiệu
899:The
890:cáng
886:kiệu
882:cáng
875:kiệu
809:Kago
774:gama
770:gama
766:gama
762:Gama
748:gama
734:gama
543:doli
424:doli
262:Rome
100:yoke
75:The
3102:Ski
2986:Air
1502:of
1483:or
1294:of
1105:or
1080:or
1054:);
849:of
760:).
696:'s
602:or
583:In
519:dak
474:in
296:or
286:In
260:,
249:In
160:in
3186::
2181::
2171::
2122:.
2057::
2000:.
1980:.
1969:^
1952:^
1936:.
1911:.
1882:;
1866:20
1845:^
1825:;
1810:^
1782::
1709:;
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1679:^
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1625:.
1604:^
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1479:,
1451:c.
1449:,
1348:A
1341:.
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1060:,
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1018:,
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1006:,
943:,
925:wo
857:.
757:가마
738:c.
736:,
712:)
672:肩輿
656:;
654:喜轎
637:官轎
617:;
615:民轎
567:c.
456:BC
449:c.
390:A
371:c.
369:,
353:c.
320:.
209:,
166:c.
164:,
3155:)
3151:(
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2044:.
1946:.
1921:.
1748:.
1673:.
1325:(
1160:(
812:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
