240:) (CEB) in Mexico during the 1970s. The first groups arose in Mexico in 1967 under Méndez Arceo, and by the 1970s CEBs were operating throughout Mexico, 70% in rural regions with the remainder in working-class urban areas. Méndez Arceo and the CEB's often removed the emphasis on the church's hierarchy, instead pushing for a greater dialogue between church leaders, non-clergy members and the members of the surrounding community. Members of the CEB's would meet with priests and discuss social, political and economic issues they felt needed attention. Following the meetings, priests would confer with Méndez Arceo weekly to discuss possible solutions to the issues of the members of the community. The growth of CEBs in Mexico is often cited as a reason for Cuernavaca being the focal point of renovation in the church. Méndez Arceo is quoted as saying;
28:
160:
291:. He believed that the Church should view itself as guest of the host country and, through the center, relayed this belief. The conservative members of the Church denounced the school, and for a time forbade clergy from studying at the location. The ban however was altered following Méndez Arceo's trip to Rome where he pleaded the case for the CIDOC. It was decided that priests and nuns may study at the CIDOC as long as their superiors monitored their progress.
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562:
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383:. In January 1970 he informed his fellow bishops of the condition of those prisoners; the bishops made no references to the massacre itself or the outcome, in keeping with its nonconfrontational stance toward the government at the time. Méndez Arceo was also involved in other social movements in Mexico such as striking Cuernavaca workers and guerrillas from
244:"I can assure you that all my actions have been motivated by the conviction that I cannot abandon my fellow man, my brothers, that I must bear witness to the fact that a true Christian has the obligation to condemn any form of injustice, particularly the sort of injustice which becomes a veritable institution, the prevailing order of things"
346:
Upon his retirement Méndez Arceo founded the Center for
Meetings and Dialogue (CED) in Cuernavaca to serve as an umbrella organization for other social and activist programs in the state of Morelos. The role of the CED was to help assist in the continuation of his life work in the field of liberation
484:, which took power in 1979 following the collapse of the Somoza regime. The FBI further alleged Méndez Arceo's diocese collected intelligence, bought and sold guns, and served as couriers for communist guerrillas of El Salvador. Méndez Arceo was further accused of being contacted by the Soviet Union
327:
to the poor. Echeverría believed the clergy could help the people of Mexico learn the best means of organizing themselves in a capitalist society. The means of organizing in Arceo's view was labor unions, which he viewed as "essential to the base of community organizing." For the workers whom Arceo
414:
Some say that Sergio Méndez Arceo's actions and views made him too controversial, to the point that it limited his ability to form collegiality with other
Mexican bishops and the episcopate; also that he politicized his diocese and its communities, and in doing so was opposed to the government.
387:. The inaction by the episcopate, against what was viewed as rampant social repression, is believed to be what sparked many individual clergy and Jesuits, and the episcopate's social secretariat, to shift its emphasis from schools for the elite to social action programs.
343:. It is stated the conference members were composed of the most radical of those involved in liberal theology and that they attempted to find a synthesis between Christianity and socialism. The gathering was soon after banned by the Chilean episcopate.
347:
theology. Today, the CED "provides a regional mechanism for progressive popular organizations" as well as housing statewide meetings in various fields such as women's empowerment, human rights, education, and environmental protection.
318:, a belief which led him to be named the "Red Bishop" and a "scandalous supporter of socialism". In 1970 Méndez Arceo stated "Christianity and socialism can co-exist" and he encouraged then president of Mexico
322:
to form a committee of notable citizens to examine Mexico's most serious social and economic problems. Echeverría viewed Arceo as the foremost proponent of liberation theology and favored his emphasis on
490:
883:
395:
1127:
379:. As an individual without the support of the other bishops, Méndez Arceo assisted the imprisoned students, often called political prisoners, following the
339:; he was the only member of the Mexican episcopate to attend. The conference was the first continent-wide gathering of its kind, composed of Catholics and
1117:
952:
228:
Sergio Méndez Arceo was Bishop of the
Cuernavaca diocese in the Mexican state of Morelos. He is often cited as the force behind the growth of
861:
419:
states that this is wrong, and asserts "empirical data ... states that religion in
Cuernavaca is associated with increased PRI support." The
453:
434:
In 1983 when Méndez Arceo retired, the
Vatican under Pope John Paul II sent unsympathetic bishops to reverse much of Méndez Arceo's work.
1122:
1107:
267:
816:
469:
439:
213:
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The Center was a research center and offered language courses to missionaries from North
America and to volunteers of the
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and other forms of exploitation." Following Méndez Arceo's trip to Cuba, he began supporting "democratic socialism."
328:
provided support for in his Sunday homilies, his title was Don Sergio, an honorific title in the
Spanish language.
1132:
1112:
449:
371:, and sociological studies to aid ecclesiastical organization. Méndez Arceo attempted unsuccessfully to have the
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believed to be involved in the church-state conflict of the 1920s. Méndez Arceo graduated from the
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and human rights supporter. A product of a wealthy family, Méndez Arceo's father was a successful
1047:
Break-Ins, Death
Threats and the FBI : The Covert War Against the Central America Movement
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995:
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program. Illich however was stated as having the goal of countering the participation of the
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684:
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The Church at the
Grassroots in Latin America: Perspectives on Thirty Years of Activism
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277:"I would like to start, under your auspices, a center for de-Yankeefication."
524:; and that there were and are many more like him in the Vatican hierarchy.
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explore the violent suppression of the student movements in 1968, known as
465:
340:
288:
258:
254:
163:
Sergio Méndez Arceo, bishop of
Cuernavaca, exiting his cathedral in 1970
635:
Mexico's Mandarins: Crafting a Power Elite for the Twenty-first Century
452:(FBI) produced a report on Méndez Arceo stating he was friendly to the
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356:
272:
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41:
521:
481:
376:
308:
809:
Figures in the Carpet: Finding the Human Person in the American Past
561:
384:
284:
209:
189:
953:"The Jesuits in Latin America: Legacy and Current Emphases, p. 65"
359:
principles, which moved for changes in ritual distribution of the
402:
for his "merit in the struggle against imperialism, colonialism,
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in 1961. Illich is stated as having pronounced to Méndez Arceo;
364:
193:
185:
368:
726:
391:
205:
485:
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Mexican Social Movements and the Transition to Democracy
682:
303:, he formally requested the Supreme Pontiff to lift the
261:, in setting up the Intercultural Documentation Center (
903:
The War of Gods: Religion and Politics in Latin America
884:"There is no communion between the pope and the Mason"
990:
Triumphs and Tragedy: A History of the Mexican People
538:
637:. University of California Press. pp. 76, 112.
220:, in 1953 and served in that capacity until 1983.
1044:
987:
462:Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional
1020:"The Pope's Holy War Against Liberation Theology"
925:
1089:
837:Truth and Lies in Literature: Essays and Reviews
761:. Oxford University Press. pp. 91, 92, 30.
759:Crossing Swords: Politics and Religion in Mexico
520:, it is claimed that Arceo was in fact a crypto-
417:Crossing Swords: Politics and Religion in Mexico
878:
731:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 40, 44.
223:
1128:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Mexico
950:
859:
830:
828:
786:. University of Missouri Press. p. 143.
981:
979:
958:. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016.
839:. University of Chicago Press. p. 301.
775:
727:Burdick, John; Warren Edward Hewitt (2000).
683:Monaghan, John D.; Barbara Edmonson (2000).
591:Loustaunau, Esteban. "Sergio Méndez Arceo."
781:
722:
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355:Sergio Méndez Arceo was an advocate of the
1118:Participants in the Second Vatican Council
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825:
26:
976:
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676:
595:. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, 791-92.
516:In an article in the Catholic periodical
454:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
331:In April 1972, Méndez Arceo attended the
1042:
919:
752:
750:
748:
707:
660:A History of the Church in Latin America
478:Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional
158:
994:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp.
800:
651:
1090:
894:
806:
689:. University of Texas Press. pp.
657:
431:) (PRI), being the then ruling party.
294:
951:Klaiber, S.J., Jeffrey (April 2004).
853:
745:
626:
499:Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
268:Centro Intercultural de Documentación
985:
900:
756:
632:
614:Sergio Méndez Arceo: Un señor obispo
470:Sandinista National Liberation Front
429:Partido Revolucionario Institucional
600:Méndez Arceo, político o cristiano?
534:List of people from Morelos, Mexico
287:in the "modern development" of the
214:Roman Catholic Bishop of Cuernavaca
13:
1123:Christian Peace Conference members
1108:Religious leaders from Mexico City
585:
14:
1149:
860:Time Magazine (August 29, 1969).
511:Dirección General de Inteligencia
421:Institutional Revolutionary Party
926:Stolle-McAllister, John (2004).
811:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 332.
662:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 190.
572:
560:
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503:General Intelligence Directorate
1082:, Vol. XIV, No. 4, June 1, 1993
1073:
1012:
944:
872:
864:. Time Magazine. Archived from
450:Federal Bureau of Investigation
445:It later become known that the
350:
314:Méndez Arceo was a believer in
212:professor in Mexico. He became
202:Pontifical Gregorian University
152:Pontifical Gregorian University
238:Comunidades Eclesiales de Base
196:and his uncle was a prominent
1:
620:
616:. Mexico City: Nuevomar 1984.
609:. Mexico City: Grijalbo 1970.
373:Mexican Conference of Bishops
32:Bishop, human rights activist
986:Ruiz, Ramón Eduardo (1992).
486:Committee for State Security
409:
271:) (CIDOC) at his diocese in
7:
835:Vizinczey, Stephen (1988).
807:McClay, Wilfred M. (2007).
782:Poniatowska, Elena (1992).
607:Cuernavaca ante el vaticano
527:
230:basic ecclesial communities
224:Basic ecclesial communities
174:– 5 February 1992 in
10:
1154:
930:. McFarland. p. 185.
20:Bishop Sergio Méndez Arceo
968:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
757:Camp, Roderic Ai (1997).
633:Camp, Roderic Ai (2002).
602:Mexico City: Posada 1972.
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440:the diocese of Cuernavaca
436:Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo
381:Tlatelolco Plaza massacre
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107:
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76:Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo
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47:
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658:Dussel, Enrique (1981).
333:Christians for Socialism
325:redistribution of wealth
248:
1043:Gelbspan, Ross (1991).
396:Orden de la Solidaridad
367:, more studying of the
253:Méndez Arceo supported
1133:People from Cuernavaca
1113:Liberation theologians
901:Löwy, Michael (1996).
593:Encyclopedia of Mexico
510:
477:
461:
428:
394:where he received the
301:Second Vatican Council
266:
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67:Alfonso Espino y Silva
905:. Verso. p. 47.
390:Méndez Arceo visited
281:Alliance for Progress
242:
162:
868:on October 28, 2007.
170:(28 October 1907 in
1138:People from Morelos
882:(August 19, 1999).
415:Roderic Ai Camp in
316:liberation theology
295:Liberation theology
168:Sergio Méndez Arceo
784:Massacre in Mexico
612:Videla, Gabriela.
501:) (KGB) and Cuban
165:
85:Seminary professor
818:978-0-8028-6311-9
438:became bishop of
337:Santiago de Chile
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103:Personal details
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400:Fidel Castro
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351:Human rights
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138:Denomination
126:(1992-02-05)
95:Consecration
1103:1992 deaths
1098:1907 births
1055:. pp.
567:Catholicism
480:)(FSLN) of
466:El Salvador
341:Protestants
299:During the
289:Third World
259:philosopher
255:Ivan Illich
64:Predecessor
1092:Categories
1029:2018-08-25
888:L'Espresso
621:References
361:sacraments
357:Vatican II
309:Freemasons
273:Cuernavaca
198:archbishop
42:Cuernavaca
686:Ethnology
555:Biography
522:Freemason
513:) (DGI).
491:‹See Tfd›
482:Nicaragua
410:Criticism
377:Mexico 68
148:Education
72:Successor
48:Appointed
964:cite web
528:See also
468:and the
385:Guerrero
210:Seminary
190:activist
178:) was a
142:Catholic
133:, Mexico
115:, Mexico
541:Portals
507:Spanish
495:Russian
474:Spanish
458:Spanish
425:Spanish
285:Vatican
263:Spanish
234:Spanish
218:Morelos
180:Mexican
176:Morelos
172:Tlalpan
131:Morelos
113:Tlalpan
56:Retired
38:Diocese
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579:Mexico
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194:lawyer
186:bishop
90:Orders
1024:NACLA
956:(PDF)
398:from
369:bible
249:CIDOC
1061:ISBN
1000:ISBN
970:link
932:ISBN
907:ISBN
841:ISBN
813:ISBN
788:ISBN
763:ISBN
733:ISBN
695:ISBN
664:ISBN
639:ISBN
392:Cuba
307:for
206:Rome
121:Died
108:Born
98:1953
59:1983
51:1953
996:473
691:126
204:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
