221:
base for
Shadwell's private mares, both Thoroughbred and Arabian. The paddocks are also used to winter the private Arabian young stock before they are broken in at Snarehill. Elmswell Park Stud and Salsabil Stud are located deep in the Suffolk countryside. These operations together look after Sheikh Hamdan's private mares. It is here that the mares are cared for prior to foaling, and then once they have foaled they stay until they return to Ireland with their foals in the late summer. The quiet surroundings of Salsabil Stud are ideal for the mares and foals at this early stage of the foals' development. The Snarehill Stud is used as a base for breaking in the young Thoroughbreds. It is also used for rest and rehabilitation for horses in training. Finally there is Melton Paddocks which was originally the public stud before the building of the Nunnery Stud, but now it houses the Arabian stallions.
27:
99:
247:, Jazil and Invasor. This is in addition to racing several classic winning fillies who have gone on to be great broodmares. The most famous being Salsabil who topped winning the Epsom Oaks by beating the colts in the Irish Derby. Shadwell's most famous broodmare is Height of Fashion who was sold by Queen Elizabeth II to Sheikh Hamdan Al-Maktoum after setting a new course record in the Princess of Wales' Stakes. She was the dam of Nashwan, Nayef and Unfuwain. She is also the grand dam of Ghanaati through her daughter Sarayir.
234:
in 1990, 1995, 2002, and 2005. He has enjoyed over 50 Group 1 wins in Europe in addition to big race success in
America, Australia and Dubai. His leading horses have ranged from sprinting champions such as Dayjur and Hamas, champion milers like Lahib and Bahri to great middle-distance runners such as
220:
The
Nunnery Stud is where the whole British breeding operation is controlled and currently standing there are Eqtidaar, Muharaar, Mukhadaram and Tasleet. In the past legendary stallions such as Green Desert, Nashwan, Unfuwain, Haafhd, Nayef and Sakhee also stood there. Beech House Stud is used as a
185:
while a student in the United
Kingdom, Sheikh Hamdan established his first racing stable there in 1981. Over the years he has invested heavily in both racing and breeding and has acquired major operations in England, Ireland and the United States.
255:
1576:
224:
The
Shadwell Farm in Lexington, Kentucky, was constructed in 1985. At the farm's stallion division, Nashwan Stud, currently stand Mohaymen, Qurbaan and Tamarkuz.
344:. He won them the Dubai World Cup but was retired in June 2007 following a non-life-threatening training injury and now stands as a stallion at Shadwell Farm in
683:
302:
conditions horses for the sheikh in
Australia. In the UAE American trainer Doug Watson is responsible for the sheikh's runners at the Dubai carnival.
1332:
1781:
1756:
56:
1639:
1766:
1623:
1607:
633:
1316:
1215:
648:
627:
189:
He owns eight stud farms worldwide containing over 200 regally bred mares and many top stallions. Six of these are in the county of
1379:
1632:
1717:
1600:
341:
353:
337:
231:
275:
78:
49:
1771:
1659:
1179:
1761:
1616:
1776:
1113:
250:
In
England he currently has approximately 200 horses in training spread over a number of trainers including
485:
168:
131:
1158:
545:
1585:
1209:
739:
39:
1477:
333:
43:
35:
109:
1372:
1143:
789:
60:
1493:
1082:
811:
1423:
1388:
1342:
1294:
714:
417:
373:
306:
1684:
8:
1325:
1239:
1048:
1032:
283:
214:
946:
918:
877:
329:
202:
1525:
1266:
529:
507:
295:
98:
1541:
1251:
1200:
1023:
978:
861:
464:
424:
267:
1570:
1554:
1548:
1532:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1484:
1363:
1350:
896:
767:
698:
614:
325:
198:
1461:
1439:
1404:
1194:
1128:
962:
752:
586:
570:
365:
299:
263:
251:
210:
116:
1674:
1654:
230:
This investment has translated to great success on the race track. He was the
1750:
1732:
1719:
1563:
1453:
1395:
1309:
1287:
994:
774:
758:
721:
676:
558:
498:
442:
349:
310:
286:. In Ireland he has sent his horses for many years to Kevin Prendergrast and
244:
179:
164:
161:
227:
The
Derrinstown Stud currently stands Awtaad, Haatef, Markaz and Tamayuz.
1357:
1055:
1016:
969:
621:
514:
395:
291:
287:
259:
182:
328:
and brought him to race in the United States. Invasor won several major
1411:
1224:
457:
313:
won many big races for
Shadwell most famously on Nashwan and Salsabil.
1665:
Official website for
Shadwell Stud, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom
1279:
1095:
661:
605:
552:
476:
356:
of 2007 thanks to the efforts of Invasor and leading filly Lahudood.
317:
279:
271:
1669:
197:– Nunnery, Melton and Snarehill Studs – plus the Salsabil Stud near
1591:
1257:
1089:
1061:
953:
903:
852:
833:
802:
599:
520:
448:
430:
345:
236:
206:
194:
1699:
1664:
1245:
1149:
1134:
1073:
1008:
985:
909:
846:
655:
593:
470:
436:
402:
380:
321:
190:
149:
1709:
1230:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1119:
1105:
1067:
1039:
937:
884:
868:
824:
796:
780:
727:
705:
689:
639:
408:
386:
240:
112:
1704:
1679:
141:
1468:
1430:
1300:
931:
840:
818:
746:
667:
577:
536:
492:
282:, Michael Jarvis, Barry Hills, Alec Stewart, John Dunlop and
172:
145:
1670:
Official website for Shadwell Farm LLC, Lexington, Kentucky
925:
119:
1680:
Official website for Derrinstown Stud at Maynouth, Ireland
201:, Elmswell Park Stud and Beech House Stud just outside
278:. In the past he sent horses with great success to
359:
213:, Ireland, and the 3,200 acre Shadwell Farm near
1748:
309:as his retained jockey. In the 1980s and 1990s,
48:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
316:In late 2005, his Shadwell Stable acquired the
1660:Official horse racing website for Sheik Hamdan
1655:Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum at the NTRA
1675:Official website for Kingwood House Stables
298:is a trainer for Sheikh Hamdan's stable.
205:. The other two are Derrinstown Stud near
97:
649:King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
1705:Derrinstown Stud (IRE) official website
1633:Queen Elizabeth II Challenge Cup Stakes
1782:Companies based in Lexington, Kentucky
1749:
1757:Emirati racehorse owners and breeders
1685:January 21, 2008 NTRA article titled
342:World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings
20:
1710:Shadwell Farm (US) official website
1700:Shadwell Stud (UK) official website
1687:Shadwell wins Eclipse for top owner
1601:Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf
169:Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
132:Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
16:Thoroughbred horse racing operation
13:
232:British flat racing Champion Owner
14:
1793:
1767:Horse farms in the United Kingdom
1693:
25:
1617:Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes
360:Major international racing wins
1:
1648:
1180:Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp
150:http://www.shadwellstud.co.uk
305:In England he currently has
7:
1159:Prix du Moulin de Longchamp
1114:Poule d'Essai des Pouliches
348:. Shadwell Stables won the
142:http://www.shadwellfarm.com
10:
1798:
290:and likewise in France to
146:http://www.derrinstown.com
740:Queen Elizabeth II Stakes
486:St. James's Palace Stakes
137:
125:
105:
96:
546:Prince of Wales's Stakes
294:. In the United States,
175:, United Arab Emirates.
34:This article includes a
1772:Horse farms in Kentucky
1210:Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère
340:and ranked No.1 in the
336:and was voted the U.S.
63:more precise citations.
1762:Horse farms in Ireland
1586:Breeders Cup Dirt Mile
1373:Dubai Duty Free Stakes
1144:Prix Jacques Le Marois
193:, England, three near
1777:Eclipse Award winners
1494:Metropolitan Handicap
1478:Breeders' Cup Classic
1083:Irish Champion Stakes
812:Golden Jubilee Stakes
334:Breeders' Cup Classic
1424:Dubai Golden Shaheen
1389:Dubai Sheema Classic
1343:United Arab Emirates
715:International Stakes
1729: /
1326:Blue Diamond Stakes
1240:Prix Marcel Boussac
1049:Irish 1,000 Guineas
1033:Irish 2,000 Guineas
790:King's Stand Stakes
332:including the 2006
330:graded stakes races
284:Harry Thomson Jones
215:Lexington, Kentucky
110:Thoroughbred Racing
93:
947:Racing Post Trophy
919:Middle Park Stakes
878:Haydock Sprint Cup
171:, Deputy Ruler of
91:
36:list of references
1733:38.030°N 84.633°W
1526:Suburban Handicap
555:(1994 & 1995)
530:Queen Anne Stakes
508:Coronation Stakes
354:Outstanding Owner
338:Horse of the Year
324:-owned racehorse
296:Kiaran McLaughlin
217:, United States.
155:
154:
89:
88:
81:
1789:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1577:Albertus Maximus
1542:Whitney Handicap
862:Nunthorpe Stakes
733:Mostahdaf (2023)
564:Mostahdaf (2023)
268:Marcus Tregoning
101:
94:
90:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
59:this article by
50:inline citations
29:
28:
21:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1747:
1746:
1738:38.030; -84.633
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1696:
1651:
1510:Pimlico Special
1417:Tamarkuz (2015)
1351:Dubai World Cup
897:Dewhurst Stakes
768:Champion Stakes
699:Lockinge Stakes
615:Falmouth Stakes
362:
199:Bury St Edmunds
158:Shadwell Racing
128:
92:Shadwell Racing
85:
74:
68:
65:
54:
40:related reading
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1694:External links
1692:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1462:Belmont Stakes
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:Al Quoz Sprint
1436:
1435:
1434:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1405:Godolphin Mile
1401:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1267:Prix d'Ispahan
1263:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1195:Prix Vermeille
1191:
1190:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1129:Prix Jean Prat
1125:
1124:
1123:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:Al Husn (2003)
991:
990:
989:
975:
974:
973:
963:Lowther Stakes
959:
958:
957:
943:
942:
941:
935:
929:
915:
914:
913:
907:
893:
892:
891:
890:Minzaal (2022)
888:
874:
873:
872:
858:
857:
856:
850:
844:
830:
829:
828:
822:
808:
807:
806:
800:
786:
785:
784:
778:
764:
763:
762:
756:
750:
736:
735:
734:
731:
725:
711:
710:
709:
695:
694:
693:
687:
673:
672:
671:
665:
659:
645:
644:
643:
637:
631:
625:
611:
610:
609:
603:
597:
587:Eclipse Stakes
583:
582:
581:
571:Ascot Gold Cup
567:
566:
565:
562:
556:
542:
541:
540:
526:
525:
524:
518:
504:
503:
502:
496:
482:
481:
480:
474:
468:
454:
453:
452:
446:
440:
434:
428:
414:
413:
412:
406:
392:
391:
390:
384:
366:United Kingdom
361:
358:
300:David A. Hayes
264:William Haggas
252:Michael Stoute
211:County Kildare
178:Introduced to
167:operations of
153:
152:
139:
135:
134:
129:
126:
123:
122:
107:
103:
102:
87:
86:
44:external links
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:Donn Handicap
1561:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:United States
1446:Danyah (2023)
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:Caulfield Cup
1307:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:Melbourne Cup
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1272:Anmaat (2023)
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1000:
999:
998:
996:
995:Nassau Stakes
992:
987:
984:
983:
982:
980:
979:Fillies' Mile
976:
971:
968:
967:
966:
964:
960:
955:
952:
951:
950:
948:
944:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
922:
920:
916:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
900:
898:
894:
889:
886:
883:
882:
881:
879:
875:
870:
867:
866:
865:
863:
859:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
837:
835:
831:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
815:
813:
809:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
793:
791:
787:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
771:
769:
765:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
743:
741:
737:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
718:
716:
712:
707:
704:
703:
702:
700:
696:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
680:
678:
677:Sussex Stakes
674:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
652:
650:
646:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
618:
616:
612:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
591:
590:
588:
584:
579:
576:
575:
574:
572:
568:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
549:
547:
543:
538:
535:
534:
533:
531:
527:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
511:
509:
505:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
489:
487:
483:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
461:
459:
455:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:
421:
419:
418:1,000 Guineas
415:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
399:
397:
393:
388:
385:
382:
379:
378:
377:
375:
374:2,000 Guineas
371:
370:
369:
368:
367:
357:
355:
351:
350:Eclipse Award
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
311:Willie Carson
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:Mark Johnston
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
233:
228:
225:
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
184:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
95:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
1714:
1686:
1631:
1615:
1599:
1584:
1562:
1540:
1524:
1508:
1492:
1476:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1422:
1403:
1387:
1371:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1324:
1308:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1193:
1178:
1157:
1142:
1127:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1081:
1047:
1031:
1015:
1007:
1006:
993:
977:
961:
945:
917:
895:
876:
860:
832:
810:
788:
766:
738:
713:
697:
675:
647:
613:
585:
569:
544:
528:
506:
484:
456:
416:
394:
372:
364:
363:
315:
304:
256:Owen Burrows
249:
229:
226:
223:
219:
188:
180:Thoroughbred
177:
165:horse racing
162:Thoroughbred
157:
156:
106:Company type
75:
66:
55:Please help
47:
18:
1736: /
1358:Almutawakel
1056:Al Bahathri
1017:Irish Derby
970:Al Bahathri
622:Al Bahathri
515:Al Bahathri
396:Epsom Derby
307:Jim Crowley
292:Freddy Head
288:Dermot Weld
260:John Gosden
183:flat racing
61:introducing
1751:Categories
1724:84°37′59″W
1721:38°01′48″N
1649:References
1412:Tereshkova
1225:Prix Morny
458:Epsom Oaks
320:-bred and
127:Key people
69:March 2021
1640:Alwajeeha
1280:Australia
1096:Muhtarram
684:Mohaather
662:Taghrooda
606:Mukhadram
553:Muhtarram
477:Taghrooda
318:Argentina
280:Dick Hern
272:Ed Dunlop
235:Nashwan,
203:Newmarket
1624:Lahudood
1608:Lahudood
1592:Tamarkuz
1295:At Talaq
1258:Shadayid
1252:Salsabil
1201:Salsabil
1090:Elmaamul
1062:Mehthaaf
1024:Salsabil
954:Al Hareb
904:Alhaarth
853:Muhaarar
834:July Cup
803:Battaash
634:Tashawak
600:Elmaamul
521:Ghanaati
465:Salsabil
449:Ghanaati
431:Shadayid
425:Salsabil
346:Kentucky
237:Unfuwain
207:Maynooth
195:Thetford
1571:Invasor
1555:Frosted
1549:Invasor
1533:Invasor
1517:Invasor
1501:Frosted
1485:Invasor
1364:Invasor
1317:Tawqeet
1246:Ashayer
1216:Naaqoos
1150:Tamayuz
1135:Tamayuz
1074:Bethrah
1009:Ireland
986:Aqaarid
910:Mujahid
847:Elnadim
656:Nashwan
628:Alshakr
594:Nashwan
471:Eswarah
437:Harayir
403:Nashwan
381:Nashwan
326:Invasor
322:Uruguay
191:Suffolk
160:is the
138:Website
57:improve
1642:(2008)
1626:(2007)
1610:(2007)
1594:(2016)
1579:(2009)
1573:(2007)
1557:(2016)
1551:(2006)
1535:(2006)
1519:(2006)
1503:(2016)
1487:(2006)
1471:(2006)
1433:(1997)
1414:(1996)
1398:(2002)
1382:(1999)
1380:Altibr
1366:(2007)
1360:(1999)
1335:(2006)
1333:Nadeem
1319:(2006)
1303:(1994)
1297:(1986)
1260:(1990)
1254:(1989)
1248:(1987)
1233:(2009)
1231:Arcano
1218:(2008)
1203:(1990)
1188:(1990)
1186:Dayjur
1173:(2021)
1171:Baaeed
1167:(2009)
1165:Aqlaam
1152:(2008)
1137:(2008)
1122:(1996)
1120:Ta Rib
1106:France
1098:(1993)
1092:(1990)
1076:(2010)
1070:(1996)
1068:Matiya
1064:(1994)
1058:(1985)
1042:(2016)
1040:Awtaad
1026:(1990)
988:(1994)
972:(1984)
956:(1988)
940:(2009)
938:Awzaan
934:(1997)
928:(1994)
912:(1998)
906:(1995)
887:(1990)
885:Dayjur
871:(1990)
869:Dayjur
855:(2015)
849:(1998)
843:(1993)
827:(2002)
825:Malhub
821:(1996)
805:(2020)
799:(1990)
797:Dayjur
783:(2004)
781:Haafhd
777:(2001)
761:(1995)
755:(1994)
753:Maroof
749:(1992)
730:(2022)
728:Baaeed
724:(2002)
708:(2022)
706:Baaeed
692:(2022)
690:Baaeed
686:(2020)
670:(2023)
664:(2014)
658:(1989)
642:(2020)
640:Nazeef
636:(2002)
630:(2000)
624:(1985)
608:(2014)
602:(1990)
596:(1989)
580:(1990)
561:(2003)
539:(1992)
523:(2009)
517:(1985)
501:(1995)
495:(1991)
479:(2014)
473:(2005)
467:(1990)
451:(2009)
445:(2000)
439:(1995)
433:(1991)
427:(1990)
411:(1994)
409:Erhaab
405:(1989)
389:(2004)
387:Haafhd
383:(1989)
241:Haafhd
113:Stable
1469:Jazil
1431:Atraf
1396:Nayef
1301:Jeune
932:Hayil
841:Hamas
819:Atraf
775:Nayef
759:Bahri
747:Lahib
722:Nayef
668:Hukum
578:Ashal
559:Nayef
537:Lahib
499:Bahri
493:Marju
443:Lahan
245:Nayef
173:Dubai
42:, or
926:Fard
352:for
274:and
120:farm
117:Stud
1753::
1603::
1497::
270:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
243:,
239:,
209:,
148:;
144:;
115:,
46:,
38:,
1635::
1619::
1566::
1544::
1528::
1512::
1480::
1464::
1442::
1426::
1407::
1391::
1375::
1353::
1328::
1312::
1290::
1085::
1051::
1035::
1019::
997::
981::
965::
949::
921::
899::
880::
864::
836::
814::
792::
770::
742::
717::
701::
679::
651::
617::
589::
573::
548::
532::
510::
488::
460::
420::
398::
376::
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
53:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.