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33:
402:(AIWC). She was, in order, the Honorary Treasurer, chairwoman, vice-president, and President of AIWC, and started several of its branches across India. Ali was also named Chairwoman of the Governing Body of the All India Women's Education Association. She became a part of the AIWC as the previous president,
307:
Ali was appointed to a women's sub-committee of the
National Planning Committee in 1939. The role of the sub-committee was to review the social, economic and legal status of women, as well as to recommend measures to make equality of opportunity and status possible. Initially appointed with two other
413:
As part of the AIWC, she testified in front of the Joint Select
Committee on Indian Constitutional Reform in London in 1933. In opposition of the establishment of a separate electorate that would bring about unbalanced power to religious-based parties, she argued that this would hinder the reform of
369:
where she gathered Muslim women together to back the bill by pressuring lawmakers. She argued that women should delay marriage until they were more mature and educated, and suggested the age of eighteen. As a mother of seven daughters, two of whom had risked getting married before they were adults,
390:. These women banded together to eliminate doubt about what women wanted, and embarrassed the colonial state. The movement resulted in the passing of the Sarda Act in 1929, making it the first legislation for minimum age of marriage in India. It was set at 14 years old for girls and 18 for boys.
280:
and used the example of her own experience to gain their support. As the mother of seven daughters, Ali claimed that two of them had been ‘’victim to this custom.’’ Because of this, she had decided to postpone their marriages until they were educated and mature as she believed that legal age for
536:
To raise the status of women, irrespective of nationality, race, language or religion, to equality with men in all fields of human enterprise, and to eliminate all discrimination against women in the provisions of statutory law, in legal maxims or rules, or in interpretation of customary
217:
Ali followed her mother's example and supported the movement against this restrictive law, as she saw it as a symbol of social division and gendered oppression. In fact, her parents had supported her and her sisters’ education by sending them to school despite
583:
551:
459:
In the end, the AIWC hoped for a secular civil code and did not explicitly call for a common civil code. The marriage and inheritance rights proposal of the AIWC did pertain more to Hindu concerns than those of Muslim women.
246:. She also devoted her time to painting, drawing and music. At the age of twenty-five she married Hamid Ali, her cousin and an Indian Civil Service Officer. After their marriage, they moved to the province of the
316:
Showed such ignorance of Islam – its laws and practice (in spite of my having sent a very clear and detailed report in my evidence of these matters) that I had to protest very strongly against its inclusion.
312:
in order to obtain a different perspective. To her disappointment, she found that other members did not understand or pay attention to her arguments. As she mentions, she found that the draft report:
308:
Muslim women, they later resigned as they felt they were not being listened to. As such, Ali was the only Muslim woman participating in the committee and encouraged consultation with authorities on
272:. She also worked in villages to start nursing centres and classes for women, while providing her help and guidance. One of her most renowned achievements was organizing a campaign to encourage the
429:
that was consistent with the organization's commitments and that also took both non-communal and communal approaches. Ali and other Muslim women within the AIWC feared domination by
546:
Today, the commission is still guided by these principles, and has influenced the drafting of resolutions related to Ali's work in India in the 1950s and 1960s. This includes the
1198:
986:
1109:
Shamsie, Muneeza (11 July 2015). And the World
Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women. Feminist Press at The City University of New York. pp. 5–.
365:, also known as the Sarda Act (or Sharda Act), which aimed to reduce the number of women getting married under the age of fifteen. Ali organized a campaign in
301:
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and a poet, was in prison. As a result, there were rotating presidents for each session, and Ali became one of two Indian women who took up this role.
422:
activist, questioned her attempt, arguing that Muslim women would not agree with Ali's proposal if Muslim men did not accept her electoral proposal.
568:
477:
338:
151:
321:
Shareefa Hamid Ali, Forbes, Geraldine, Women in Modern India, Cambridge
University Press, vol. IV,2 (State university of New York, 1996), 199-200.
640:
146:– 1971), also known as Begum Hamid Ali, was an Indian feminist, nationalist, advocate, and political figure. She was the President of the
191:
433:, but there were diverging opinions even among the Muslim women. Ali, as a Congress Muslim, justified her position by alluding to the
1449:
1205:
957:
Everett, Jana (2001). "'All the Women Were Hindu and All the
Muslims Were Men': State, Identity Politics and Gender, 1917-1951".
1114:
1018:
999:
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578:
547:
342:
276:, also known as the Child Marriage Restraint Act, which was passed on 28 September 1929. She addressed Muslim women in
155:
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1454:
650:
563:
399:
289:
285:
147:
1038:"The All-Asian Women's Conference 1931: Indian women and their leadership of a pan-Asian feminist organisation"
1081:
Mukherjee, Sumita (November 2006). "Using the
Legislative Assembly for Social Reform: the Sarda Act of 1929".
1439:
573:
407:
362:
273:
1275:
1265:
1121:
Sinha, Mrinalini (2000). "Refashioning Mother India: Feminism and
Nationalism in Late-Colonial India".
532:. At the commission, Ali and the other delegates established the guiding principles of the commission:
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1064:
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she had a personal connection to the campaign. The Sarda campaign had support from women unified by
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259:
419:
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Muslim women intend merely to secure restitution of privileges granted to them by their prophet.
1464:
1191:
1270:
387:
330:'s intervention and grant of an extension to the sub-committee, she signed the final report.
1173:
Woodsmall, Ruth
Frances. Women in the Changing Islamic System. BIMLA Publishing House, 1936.
1434:
1429:
1361:
1178:
Feminist
Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World : A Global Sourcebook and History
8:
1168:
Feminist
Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History
926:
Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History
626:
Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History
611:
Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History
584:
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages
552:
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages
334:
250:
in India. She remained involved in social work and continued to cultivate her interests.
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In February 1947, Ali represented India as one of 15 women to attend the first
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445:. Her position was challenged by Begum Sultan Mir Amiruddin, who claimed that:
403:
297:
207:
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1310:
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771:. State University of New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–200.
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981:. Cambridge University Press. Vol. IV,2. State University of New York, 1996.
293:
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1024:
1011:
Women, Development, and the UN: A Sixty-Year Quest for Equality and Justice
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Women, Development, and the UN: A Sixty-Year Quest for Equality and Justice
485:
210:. Her mother Ameena was one of the first prominent Muslim women to disavow
203:
195:
179:
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1351:
1336:
1280:
675:. State University of New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 199.
174:
Begum Shareefa Hamid Ali was born on 12 December 1883, to a progressive
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970:
738:. State University of New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
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849:. The City University of New York: Feminist Press. p. 5.
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And the World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women
222:
restrictions. Begum Hamid Ali learned to speak six languages,
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383:
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202:. Her father, Abbas J. Tyabji, was the Chief Justice of
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in 1947 and debated a gender inclusive language in the
988:
Short history of the Commission on the Status of Women
823:
811:
901:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 16.
799:
787:
775:
645:. New York & London: Routledge. pp. 74–85.
579:
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
548:
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
642:
Women and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
198:, the nephew of the Indian activist and politician
337:appointed her as the Indian representative to the
302:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1421:
569:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
478:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
339:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
266:and the support and uplifting in society of the
152:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
150:in 1935, and one of the founding members of the
924:Zabel, Darcy A. (2011). "Shareefah Hamid Ali".
393:
1161:The Legend Makers: Some Eminent Women of India
754:The Legend Makers: Some Eminent Women of India
710:The Legend Makers: Some Eminent Women of India
1199:
666:
664:
662:
353:The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act)
194:. She was the daughter of Ameena Tyabji and
1176:Zabel, Darcy A . "Shareefah Hamid Ali." In
262:, which developed her interest towards the
1206:
1192:
984:
941:
911:
756:. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 101.
751:
712:. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 100.
707:
53:Vadodara (formerly Baroda), Gujarat, India
31:
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1065:1983/a56bd83d-e982-46ba-84b3-82225ecba694
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190:, the administrative center of colonial
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300:, she took part in the Congress of the
258:In 1907, Ali attended a session of the
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480:. She worked alongside delegates from
406:, a political activist who fought for
349:and the Hindustan Textbook Committee.
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156:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1163:. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2003.
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688:Women in the Changing Islamic System
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464:UN Commission on the Status of Women
253:
13:
985:Luchsinger, Gretchen, ed. (2019).
398:Ali was a prominent leader in the
341:. She also became a member of the
78:Sharifa Hamid Ali, Begum Hamid Ali
14:
1476:
1213:
742:
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694:
595:
1036:Mukherjee, Sumita (4 May 2017).
686:Woodsmall, Ruth Frances (1936).
288:at the Istanbul Congress of the
161:
950:
917:
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441:secular models, as well as the
290:International Alliance of Women
1450:Proponents of Islamic feminism
1367:Dr. Ali Azhar Hassanally Fyzee
1180:, 514–16. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011.
760:
679:
632:
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1:
1055:10.1080/09612025.2016.1163924
959:Economic and Political Weekly
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281:marriage should be eighteen.
140:
86:Political figure and advocate
1013:. Indiana University Press.
564:All India Women's Conference
472:Emblem of the United Nations
454:Begum Sultan Mir Amiruddin,
400:All India Women's Conference
394:All India Women's Conference
363:Child Marriage Restraint Act
343:National Planning Commission
286:All India Women's Conference
284:In 1934 she represented the
148:All India Women's Conference
94:All India Women's Conference
62:1971 (aged 87–88)
7:
1460:19th-century Indian Muslims
1455:20th-century Indian Muslims
1352:Princess Naazli Begum Fyzee
1266:Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari
557:
10:
1481:
767:Forbes, Geraldine (1996).
752:Srivastava, Gouri (2003).
734:Forbes, Geraldine (1996).
708:Srivastava, Gouri (2003).
671:Forbes, Geraldine (1996).
624:Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011).
609:Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011).
490:People's Republic of China
1401:
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1221:
1144:2027/spo.0499697.0026.308
845:Shamsie, Muneeza (2015).
690:. BIMLA Publishing House.
628:. Greenwood. p. 516.
613:. Greenwood. p. 514.
425:The AIWC advocated for a
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1095:10.1177/0262728006071514
526:United States of America
347:Indian National Congress
260:Indian National Congress
113:Abbas J. Tyabji (father)
639:Adami, Rebecca (2019).
1042:Women's History Review
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473:
457:
324:
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116:Ameena Tyabji (mother)
1271:Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee
1009:Jain, Devaki (2005).
979:Women in Modern India
897:Jain, Devaki (2005).
769:Women in Modern India
736:Women of Modern India
673:Women in Modern India
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1440:People from Vadodara
1362:Samuel Fyzee-Rahamin
170:Baroda State in 1909
1357:Atiya Fyzee-Rahamin
1276:Badruddin Tyabji II
1159:Srivastava, Gouri.
1083:South Asia Research
977:Forbes, Geraldine.
418:, a politician and
408:Indian independence
1291:Shareefa Hamid Ali
1170:. Greenwood, 2011.
1166:Wayne, Tiffany K.
474:
414:inheritance laws.
206:and a follower of
172:
137:Shareefa Hamid Ali
25:Shareefa Hamid Ali
1417:
1416:
1342:Idris Hasan Latif
1115:978-1-55861-931-9
1025:Project MUSE
1020:978-0-253-11184-5
1001:978-1-63214-154-5
965:(23): 2071–2080.
856:978-1-55861-931-9
443:Indian penal code
427:common civil code
335:Indian Government
292:, and in 1937 at
264:Swadeshi Movement
248:Bombay Presidency
134:
133:
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1445:Indian feminists
1409:Sumaira Abdulali
1393:Humayun Abdulali
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1229:Badruddin Tyabji
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254:Political career
200:Badruddin Tyabji
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