1750:
76:
41:
307:
1762:
546:
obliged to make peace with the insurgents, so that only Ili, Khorgos, Losigun and Suidun, remained in the hands of the
Mantchus. Ili was now entirely surrounded and it was resolved to reduce it by famine. The situation there was indeed frightful; all the provisions had been exhausted and the only food was horses, dogs and cats. Typhus so raged that from 50 to 100 men died daily.
207:
545:
and to fight against the
Russian occupation of Ili during the revolt. The scarcity of provisions in Ili became such that the Governor at last saw himself obliged to dismiss his last auxiliaries, the Thagor Kalmuks. In the meantime both Solons and Sibos were being attacked and plundered and were
610:
was common and women had low social status, including no right to inherit property. Nowadays almost all the Sibe wear modern clothing and the traditional clothing is worn by elders during festivals. Traditionally, the Sibe were divided into many
506:. The relocation of the Sibe from Qiqihar is believed by Gorelova to be linked to the Qing's complete annihilation of the Manchu clan Hoifan (Hoifa) in 1697 and the Manchu tribe Ula in 1703 after they revolted against the Qing. According to
619:. Until modern times, the dwellings of the Sibe housed up to three different generations from the same family, since it was believed that while the father was alive no son could break the family clan by leaving the house.
377:
in 286 AD, the southern Shiwei started practicing agriculture. Some historians have theorized that the
Xianbei were the direct progenitors of the Sibe, a theory described by some as politically motivated.
697:
is also home to a sizable number of Sibe people: 34,399 in total, accounting for 18.06% of all Sibe people in China, and 0.16% of
Xinjiang's total population. Outside of these two,
2112:
569:
in 1949 established the People's
Republic of China (PRC), large-scale educational and hygiene campaigns increased Sibe literacy and resulted in the eradication of
1882:
1846:
3463:
2058:
463:'s expansionism on China's northern border. Crossley claims that the Sibe were so "well known to Russians moving toward the Pacific" that the Russians named
3384:
405:, who accorded the Sibe lower status than did the Chinese dynasties. At the height of their territorial dispersion, the Sibe lived in an area bounded by
386:
from an earlier Turkic or proto-Mongolian language to a
Tungusic one. However, the name "Sibe" was not used in historical records during Xianbei times.
2090:
3343:
3261:
1340:
606:. Customary Sibe attire included short buttoned jackets and trousers for men and close-fitting, long and lace-trimmed gowns for women.
1623:
1321:
1962:
C. G. Mannerheimin
Valokuvia Aasian-Matkalta 1906–1908 (Photographs By C. G. Mannerheim From His Journey Across Asia 1906–1908)
1619:
1723:
1692:
2083:
1435:
1302:
3218:
1931:
665:
The different ethnicities of
Northern Xinjiang have shared musical culture and adopted elements from each other's music.
294:, in Russian literature the terms Сибинцы (sibintsy) and Шибинцы (shibintsy) are used, while in English works the name
689:, home to 132,431 Sibe people, 69.52% of all Sibe people in China, but just 0.30% of Liaoning's total population. The
1987:
1969:
1956:
1892:
1856:
1283:
550:
1828:
646:
that underwent morphophonological changes and the adoption of loanwords from languages spoken in
Xinjiang including
3228:
1226:
1169:
311:
2076:
1519:
3254:
2099:
2007:
1738:
554:
271:
230:
286:
The Sibe are known by several variations of their name. The self-appellation of the Sibe people is pronounced
1173:
593:
581:
538:
339:
220:
50:
3131:
1657:
Gorelova, Liliya. "Past and
Present of a Manchu Tribe: The Sibe". In Atabaki, Touraj; O'Kane, John (eds.).
566:
1192:. In 2015, 20,426 Sibe people lived in the autonomous county, comprising 10.38% of its total population.
1161:
690:
3458:
3247:
507:
398:
3193:
2512:
2062:
3056:
2411:
2049:
1781:
3044:
2772:
2482:
2190:
2120:
1891:(in Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from
1855:(in Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2017-03-15. Archived from
1813:
1796:
1180:, comprising 10.28% of its total population, which is dominated by larger groups, such as the
346:
According to the Russian scholar Elena P. Lebedeva, the Sibe people originated as a southern,
2784:
2161:
1715:
40:
3453:
3223:
3198:
2496:
584:
to replace Ningxi County in Xinjiang, in the group's area of highest ethnic concentration.
379:
1999:
Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Manchu Grammar
8:
3165:
1798:
Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara and Kuldja, Volume 2
1609:
674:
275:
3094:
3064:
2980:
2558:
2490:
1775:
1397:
682:
681:: 99,571 males and 90,910 females. The largest Sibe population within China was in the
643:
347:
248:
1887:[3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)].
1851:[3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)].
3388:
3126:
3087:
3069:
2282:
2129:
2003:
1983:
1965:
1952:
1927:
1719:
1177:
607:
329:
251:
1708:
3270:
3144:
3121:
3074:
2991:
2902:
2669:
2659:
2603:
2592:
2265:
2241:
2149:
1558:
1416:
709:
have the largest Sibe populations, totaling 7,608, 3,113, and 3,000, respectively.
651:
647:
627:
511:
426:
148:
132:
2031:
3181:
3155:
3116:
3031:
2998:
2985:
2736:
2654:
2295:
2246:
2144:
2053:
1997:
1977:
1923:
1359:
659:
655:
623:
484:
1815:
Turkestan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khorand, Bukhara, and Kuldja
306:
225:
3392:
3379:
3203:
3186:
3012:
2957:
2816:
2811:
2754:
2694:
2639:
2457:
2451:
2441:
2352:
2331:
2180:
2175:
786:
706:
631:
570:
495:
472:
460:
451:, routed the Sibe during the battle of Gure in 1593 on his way to founding the
383:
118:
46:
2970:
2851:
3447:
3402:
3396:
3351:
3296:
2939:
2925:
2891:
2863:
2845:
2799:
2793:
2731:
2719:
2609:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2346:
2210:
2199:
639:
562:
476:
448:
434:
402:
370:
351:
315:
164:
136:
2036:
3412:
3365:
3318:
3313:
3291:
3160:
3136:
3100:
3079:
3005:
2975:
2965:
2932:
2917:
2857:
2831:
2746:
2567:
2532:
2520:
2420:
2396:
2389:
2340:
2320:
2306:
2290:
760:
698:
635:
452:
422:
184:
172:
102:
467:
after them. In 1692, the Khorchin dedicated the Sibe, the Gūwalca and the
3422:
3417:
3359:
2885:
2873:
2868:
2838:
2709:
2574:
2526:
2446:
2436:
2431:
2313:
2252:
2235:
2223:
2216:
2205:
2155:
2068:
1780:(5 ed.). Sampson Low, Marston, Searle &Rivington. 1876. p.
1245:
1181:
515:
468:
390:
176:
168:
537:. The Sibe population declined after the Qing used them to suppress the
3148:
2879:
2824:
2805:
2760:
2679:
2664:
2581:
2547:
2540:
2464:
2169:
2138:
558:
542:
418:
3371:
2471:
2271:
2259:
1507:
1046:
825:
599:
519:
456:
430:
414:
410:
325:
152:
3301:
3239:
2674:
2614:
2587:
1801:(2 ed.). S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. p. 181.
1165:
955:
851:
838:
747:
734:
694:
686:
603:
574:
503:
499:
359:
267:
263:
255:
215:
94:
86:
514:
ordered an 800-man military escort to transfer 18,000 Sibe to the
3307:
3024:
2726:
2714:
2704:
2684:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
1710:
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions
1264:
1189:
1185:
1098:
1085:
1020:
981:
968:
903:
890:
877:
864:
799:
616:
530:
480:
464:
444:
394:
374:
363:
2041:
3327:
3286:
3018:
2911:
2689:
2649:
2619:
2597:
2502:
2229:
1454:
1111:
1059:
1007:
994:
491:
438:
354:. They lived in small town-like settlements, a portion of them
238:
180:
1982:, Volume 14 of Peoples of Asia (3 ed.), Wiley-Blackwell,
3335:
3281:
3038:
2766:
2741:
2699:
2426:
2300:
1124:
1072:
1033:
942:
929:
916:
812:
773:
702:
678:
534:
526:
406:
355:
298:
has been established, which corresponds to the written form.
259:
110:
81:
475:
in exchange for silver. The Sibe were incorporated into the
455:
of China. From that point, the Qing contracted the Sibe for
1940:
Wu Yuanfeng, Zhao Zhiqiang. 1981. "Sibezu xiqian gaishu" .
1378:
278:, comprising just over 0.014% of China's total population.
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
615:, male-led clans consisting of people who shared the same
1920:
Spoken Sibe: Morphology of the Inflected Parts of Speech
437:
valleys in 1438 after the Khorchin were defeated by the
1972:. Contains photographs of Sibe and other ethnic groups.
1665:
1614:[1-6 Population by sex, ethnicity and region].
1572:
1176:
is located. As of 2018, 19,984 Sibe people live in the
206:
2002:. Vol. Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub.
2046:
490:
In 1700, some 20,000 Qiqihar Sibes were resettled in
401:
at times controlled the Sibe until the advent of the
16:
Tungusic ethnic group of Northeast China and Xinjiang
1951:. Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey
510:, after a revolt by the Qiqihar Sibes in 1764, the
1707:
274:, and had a recorded population of 190,481 in the
3445:
1705:
1691:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCrossley1997 (
3255:
2084:
1523:
1511:
1168:, of which, approximately 34,000 live in the
1160:Approximately 43,000 Sibe people live in the
557:, while northwestern Sibe fought against the
333:
319:
3464:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China
1682:
1680:
1661:. Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 325–327.
1556:
272:ethnic groups officially recognized by China
45:"Sibo military colonists", picture drawn by
1714:. University of California Press. pp.
498:); 36,000 Songyuan Sibes were resettled in
3262:
3248:
2098:
2091:
2077:
1917:
1671:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1585:
1341:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
598:Historical religions of the Sibe included
382:writes the Xianbei might have undergone a
1699:
1677:
1995:
1975:
1811:
1794:
1686:
1196:Distribution of Sibe people in Xinjiang
305:
1818:(4 ed.). Sampson Low. p. 181.
1637:
1322:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
3446:
2042:Mini Buleku A Recorded Sibe Dictionary
1620:National Bureau of Statistics of China
1501:
553:period, many northeastern Sibe joined
214:
3243:
2072:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1706:Evelyn S. Rawski (15 November 1998).
713:Distribution of Sibe people in China
49:during his 1882 visit to what is now
3269:
1656:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1436:Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture
1303:Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
677:, there were 190,481 Sibe people in
447:, the first prominent figure of the
421:to the south. After the fall of the
68:Regions with significant populations
3219:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
314:with south on top showing the Sibe
13:
2059:The Sibe in the Early 20th Century
2032:Video on Sibe culture (in Chinese)
1870:
1834:
1221:Percent of total Sibe in Xinjiang
1215:Percent of total Sibe in Xinjiang
634:. In Xinjiang, descendants of the
350:-speaking offshoot of the ancient
14:
3475:
2047:Sibe Culture (in Eng and Chinese)
2025:
1996:Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002).
1591:
1539:
1284:Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture
580:In 1954, the PRC established the
425:, the Sibe became vassals of the
3224:Immigrant ethnic groups in China
1557:Huang Beibei, ed. (2011-11-12).
1227:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
1170:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
525:In Ili, the Xinjiang Sibe built
205:
74:
39:
1910:
1822:
1805:
1788:
1768:
1756:
1626:from the original on 2021-06-11
729:Percent of total Sibe in China
668:
290:, the official Chinese term is
281:
29:
1976:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2002),
1744:
1732:
555:anti-Japanese volunteer armies
270:. The Sibe form one of the 56
254:ethnic group living mostly in
243:
234:
224:
1:
1918:Zikmundová, Veronika (2013).
1532:
1528:) – retired basketball player
1174:Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County
594:Shamanism in the Qing dynasty
582:Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County
340:Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County
51:Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County
638:military garrison speak the
567:Chinese Communist Revolution
366:areas of what is now Jilin.
7:
1155:
551:Republic of China (1912–49)
529:and cultivated vegetables,
10:
3480:
3363:(controversial, including
1559:"The Xibe ethnic minority"
1201:Prefecture-level division
718:Provincial-level division
591:
587:
301:
201:
3431:
3277:
3214:
3174:
3109:
3055:
2956:
2901:
2783:
2557:
2511:
2481:
2410:
2362:
2330:
2281:
2189:
2128:
2119:
2106:
1947:Ramsey, S. Robert. 1987.
1812:Schuyler, Eugene (1876).
1795:Schuyler, Eugene (1876).
1524:
1512:
1206:
1203:
1200:
720:
717:
334:
320:
163:
158:
147:
142:
131:
126:
72:
67:
62:
57:
38:
27:
3194:Local ethnic nationalism
2113:recognized ethnic groups
1964:, (Otava, Keuruu: 1990)
1922:(1st ed.). Prague:
1883:
1847:
1659:Post-Soviet Central Asia
1610:
2037:Website on Sibe archery
539:Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
324:) stationed across the
3436:indicate extinct group
3229:Historic ethnic groups
2100:Ethnic groups in China
1949:The Languages of China
479:and were stationed in
343:
1884:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数
1848:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数
592:Further information:
417:to the north and the
399:Jin dynasty (266–420)
373:was conquered by the
310:A c. 1809 map of the
309:
159:Related ethnic groups
527:Buddhist monasteries
483:and other cities in
380:Pamela Kyle Crossley
1889:tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn
1502:Notable individuals
1197:
714:
675:2010 Chinese Census
276:2010 Chinese Census
231:traditional Chinese
24:
2052:2012-02-25 at the
1195:
712:
573:(a form of type A
457:logistical support
344:
221:simplified Chinese
22:
3441:
3440:
3389:Jianzhou Jurchens
3385:Five state tribes
3237:
3236:
2406:
2405:
1725:978-0-520-92679-0
1499:
1498:
1178:autonomous county
1162:autonomous region
1153:
1152:
691:autonomous region
673:According to the
644:Tungusic language
608:Arranged marriage
429:who moved to the
413:to the west, the
338:), exactly where
249:Tungusic-speaking
190:
189:
3471:
3459:Tungusic peoples
3271:Tungusic peoples
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3095:Tajiks (Pamiris)
2126:
2125:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1992:
1937:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1879:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1843:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1713:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1616:www.stats.gov.cn
1611:1-6 各地区分性别、民族的人口
1606:
1589:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:. People's Daily
1554:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1514:
1198:
1194:
715:
711:
648:Mandarin Chinese
628:Mandarin Chinese
512:Qianlong Emperor
427:Khorchin Mongols
337:
336:
328:from the Manchu
323:
322:
245:
236:
228:
218:
213:
209:
203:
149:Tibetan Buddhism
133:Mandarin Chinese
122:
80:
78:
77:
58:Total population
43:
31:
25:
21:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3355:(controversial)
3347:(controversial)
3339:(controversial)
3331:(controversial)
3273:
3268:
3238:
3233:
3210:
3182:Han nationalism
3170:
3117:African Chinese
3105:
3051:
2952:
2897:
2779:
2737:Sichuan Mongols
2553:
2507:
2477:
2402:
2358:
2326:
2277:
2185:
2115:
2102:
2097:
2054:Wayback Machine
2028:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1990:
1934:
1933:978-80-24621036
1924:Karolinum Press
1913:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1853:www.xjtj.gov.cn
1849:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1793:
1789:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1672:Zikmundová 2013
1670:
1666:
1655:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1592:
1586:Zikmundová 2013
1584:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1540:
1535:
1504:
1158:
671:
624:Northeast China
596:
590:
485:Northeast China
304:
284:
211:
84:
75:
73:
53:
34:
32:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3477:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3393:Haixi Jurchens
3376:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3204:Zhonghua minzu
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2026:External links
2024:
2022:
2021:
2008:
1993:
1988:
1973:
1959:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1869:
1833:
1821:
1804:
1787:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1724:
1698:
1676:
1664:
1636:
1618:(in Chinese).
1590:
1571:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:Xinjiang Total
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
984:
978:
977:
974:
971:
965:
964:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:
926:
925:
922:
919:
913:
912:
909:
906:
900:
899:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
880:
874:
873:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
841:
835:
834:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
815:
809:
808:
805:
802:
796:
795:
792:
789:
787:Inner Mongolia
783:
782:
779:
776:
770:
769:
766:
763:
757:
756:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
737:
731:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
707:Inner Mongolia
670:
667:
632:first language
589:
586:
571:Qapqal disease
496:Inner Mongolia
473:Kangxi Emperor
461:Russian Empire
384:language shift
303:
300:
283:
280:
216:[ɕivə]
188:
187:
161:
160:
156:
155:
145:
144:
140:
139:
129:
128:
124:
123:
119:Inner Mongolia
70:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
47:Henry Lansdell
44:
36:
35:
28:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3476:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:Wild Jurchens
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3057:Indo-European
3054:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2720:Upper Mongols
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2412:Austroasiatic
2409:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2011:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:0-631-23591-4
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1970:951-1-11357-7
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:0-691-06694-9
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1895:on 2020-11-01
1894:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1859:on 2017-10-11
1858:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1763:Gorelova 2002
1759:
1752:
1751:Gorelova 2002
1747:
1740:
1739:Gorelova 2002
1735:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1689:, p. 213
1688:
1687:Crossley 1997
1683:
1681:
1674:, p. 11.
1673:
1668:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1588:, p. 10.
1587:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1521:
1518:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
724:
716:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
666:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:, a Southern
641:
640:Xibe language
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
595:
585:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:Ili Rebellion
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:Eight Banners
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:Manchu people
446:
442:
440:
436:
435:Songhua river
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:to the east,
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
372:
371:Buyeo kingdom
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:Shiwei people
349:
341:
331:
327:
317:
316:Eight Banners
313:
308:
299:
297:
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
240:
232:
227:
222:
217:
208:
199:
195:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
134:
130:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
71:
66:
61:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
26:
3433:
3407:
3378:
3370:
3366:Heishui Mohe
3364:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3306:
3143:
3137:Kaifeng Jews
3093:
3086:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2910:
2890:
2878:
2856:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2804:
2792:
2765:
2753:
2602:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2495:
2483:Austronesian
2470:
2463:
2456:
2419:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2351:
2339:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2270:
2258:
2251:
2234:
2222:
2215:
2198:
2191:Lolo-Burmese
2168:
2154:
2137:
2121:Sino-Tibetan
2108:
2063:David Brophy
2013:. Retrieved
1998:
1978:
1961:
1948:
1942:Minzu yanjiu
1941:
1919:
1911:Bibliography
1897:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1888:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:the original
1852:
1824:
1814:
1807:
1797:
1790:
1777:Turkistan: 2
1776:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1709:
1701:
1667:
1658:
1628:. Retrieved
1615:
1563:. Retrieved
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1172:, where the
1159:
1147:
1142:
1137:
761:Heilongjiang
699:Heilongjiang
672:
669:Distribution
664:
636:Qing dynasty
622:The Sibe in
621:
612:
597:
579:
565:. After the
548:
524:
508:Jerry Norman
489:
459:against the
453:Qing dynasty
443:
423:Liao dynasty
388:
368:
345:
330:Fort Huiyuan
295:
291:
287:
285:
282:Nomenclature
242:
197:
193:
191:
114:
106:
103:Heilongjiang
98:
90:
19:Ethnic group
3454:Sibe people
3383:(including
2981:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1979:The Manchus
1829:Harris 2004
1516:) – actress
1218:Population
1212:Population
1182:Han Chinese
1132:< 0.01%
726:Population
561:during the
549:During the
391:Han dynasty
342:is nowadays
3448:Categories
3187:chauvinism
3166:Pakistanis
3149:Chaoxianzu
2761:Sogwo Arig
2680:Muumyangan
2665:Khishigten
2513:Hmong-Mien
2465:Vietnamese
2109:Underlined
2009:9004123075
1899:2021-06-11
1863:2021-06-11
1630:2021-06-11
1565:2012-11-29
1533:References
559:Kuomintang
419:Liao River
312:Ili Region
252:East Asian
33:Sibo, Xibo
3372:Sumo Mohe
3065:Armenians
2986:Ili Turks
2582:Dongxiang
2266:Qixingmin
2162:subgroups
2150:Chuanqing
2111:: the 56
1831:, p. 194.
1508:Tong Liya
1047:Chongqing
826:Guangdong
630:as their
600:shamanism
520:Dzungaria
516:Ili River
415:Nen River
411:Hulunbuir
369:When the
358:, in the
326:Ili River
153:shamanism
127:Languages
3380:Jurchens
3302:Negidals
3156:Macanese
3127:Japanese
3088:Russians
3070:Iranians
2966:Altaians
2903:Tungusic
2675:Khuuchid
2670:Khorchin
2660:Kharchin
2615:Abaganar
2588:Hamnigan
2559:Mongolic
2491:Filipino
2296:Gyalrong
2050:Archived
1944:2:22–29.
1765:, p. 37.
1753:, p. 37.
1741:, p. 36.
1624:Archived
1622:. 2010.
1166:Xinjiang
1156:Xinjiang
956:Zhejiang
852:Shandong
839:Shanghai
748:Xinjiang
739:132,431
735:Liaoning
695:Xinjiang
687:Liaoning
683:province
604:Buddhism
575:botulism
504:Liaoning
500:Shenyang
494:(modern
403:Göktürks
397:and the
360:Songyuan
348:Tungusic
268:Liaoning
264:Shenyang
256:Xinjiang
247:) are a
143:Religion
95:Xinjiang
87:Liaoning
3434:Italics
3403:Manchus
3308:Duchers
3297:Oroqens
3175:Related
3145:Koreans
3122:Indians
3075:Nepalis
3045:Western
3025:Uyghurs
2926:Manchus
2817:Tai Nua
2812:Tai Lue
2785:Kra–Dai
2773:Eastern
2755:Monguor
2727:Onnigud
2715:Torghut
2705:Khoshut
2695:Dzungar
2685:Naimans
2655:Khalkha
2645:Jalaids
2635:Chahars
2630:Buryats
2625:Baarins
2604:Mongols
2593:Kangjia
2497:Gaoshan
2353:Tibetan
2332:Tibetic
2283:Qiangic
2242:Laomian
2181:Waxiang
2176:Longjia
2130:Sinitic
1520:Wu Qian
1494:100.00%
1484:100.00%
1398:Kashgar
1265:Karamay
1259:13.48%
1253:13.23%
1240:79.21%
1237:33,879
1234:80.18%
1231:34,457
1190:Kazakhs
1186:Uyghurs
1148:100.00%
1143:190,481
1099:Jiangxi
1086:Qinghai
1021:Guangxi
982:Ningxia
969:Guizhou
904:Sichuan
891:Shaanxi
878:Jiangsu
865:Tianjin
800:Beijing
755:18.06%
752:34,399
742:69.52%
652:Russian
617:surname
588:Culture
541:by the
535:poppies
531:tobacco
481:Qiqihar
471:to the
465:Siberia
445:Nurhaci
395:Cao Wei
375:Xianbei
364:Qiqihar
356:nomadic
302:History
165:Manchus
63:190,481
3413:Nanais
3352:Shiwei
3328:Sushen
3319:Orochs
3314:Udeges
3292:Solons
3287:Evenks
3161:Nivkhs
3110:Others
3101:Wakhis
3032:Uzbeks
3019:Tuvans
2999:Kyrgyz
2992:Kazakh
2958:Turkic
2940:Oroqen
2912:Evenks
2892:Zhuang
2864:Qabiao
2846:Maonan
2800:Buyang
2794:Bouyei
2690:Oirats
2650:Jaruud
2640:Gorlos
2620:Aohans
2598:Khatso
2503:Utsuls
2458:Ta'ang
2383:Jingpo
2376:Derung
2363:Others
2347:Sherpa
2247:Laopin
2230:Kucong
2200:Achang
2145:Caijia
2006:
1986:
1968:
1955:
1930:
1722:
1489:42,772
1479:42,974
1468:0.05%
1462:0.06%
1455:Turpan
1449:0.08%
1443:0.01%
1430:0.13%
1424:0.03%
1411:0.31%
1405:0.23%
1392:0.36%
1386:0.37%
1373:0.41%
1367:0.29%
1354:0.47%
1348:0.71%
1335:0.53%
1329:0.62%
1316:0.99%
1310:0.46%
1297:1.56%
1291:1.51%
1278:2.42%
1275:1,033
1272:2.29%
1256:5,767
1250:5,686
1246:Ürümqi
1188:, and
1119:0.04%
1112:Hainan
1106:0.04%
1093:0.07%
1080:0.07%
1067:0.08%
1060:Fujian
1054:0.08%
1041:0.08%
1028:0.08%
1015:0.08%
1008:Yunnan
1002:0.08%
995:Shanxi
989:0.10%
976:0.10%
963:0.10%
950:0.12%
937:0.14%
924:0.16%
911:0.20%
898:0.22%
885:0.23%
872:0.28%
859:0.35%
846:0.37%
833:0.37%
820:0.45%
807:1.35%
804:2,569
794:1.57%
791:3,000
781:1.63%
778:3,113
768:3.99%
765:7,608
705:, and
660:Kazakh
658:, and
656:Uyghur
626:speak
492:Hohhot
439:Oirats
241::
239:pinyin
233::
223::
181:Evenks
115:·
113:
107:·
105:
99:·
97:
91:·
89:
79:
3423:Oroks
3418:Ulchs
3408:Sibes
3375:etc.)
3360:Mohes
3336:Yilou
3282:Evens
3199:Minzu
3080:Daman
3039:Yugur
3013:Tatar
3006:Salar
2976:Dolan
2947:Sibes
2933:Nanai
2918:Solon
2858:Mulao
2832:Gelao
2767:Yugur
2742:Sunud
2732:Ordos
2700:Khoid
2610:Abaga
2568:Bonan
2533:Hmong
2521:Gejia
2452:Pakan
2432:Kunge
2427:Bolyu
2421:Blang
2397:Tujia
2390:Lhoba
2341:Monpa
2321:Qiang
2307:Nakhi
2301:Mosuo
2291:Baima
2065:, ANU
2015:6 May
1417:Hotan
1207:2018
1204:2015
1138:Total
1125:Tibet
1073:Hunan
1034:Anhui
943:Hubei
930:Henan
917:Gansu
813:Hebei
774:Jilin
721:2010
703:Jilin
679:China
407:Jilin
260:Jilin
185:Solon
173:Nanai
117:
111:Jilin
109:
101:
93:
82:China
3344:Wuji
3132:Jews
2971:Äynu
2886:Yang
2874:Shan
2852:Nùng
2825:Dong
2747:Urad
2710:Olot
2575:Daur
2527:Miao
2447:Mang
2437:Khmu
2370:Deng
2314:Pumi
2253:Lisu
2236:Lahu
2224:Jino
2217:Hani
2211:Bisu
2206:Akha
2017:2014
2004:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1693:help
1408:133
1402:100
1389:155
1383:158
1379:Hami
1370:177
1364:126
1360:Aksu
1351:202
1345:305
1332:226
1326:265
1313:425
1307:196
1294:666
1288:651
1269:986
1090:128
1077:136
1064:142
1051:143
1038:143
1025:146
1012:158
999:158
986:184
973:185
960:200
947:228
934:273
921:299
908:381
895:416
882:433
869:536
856:661
843:696
830:705
817:851
613:hala
602:and
533:and
469:Daur
433:and
389:The
362:and
321:锡伯八旗
296:Sibe
292:Xibo
288:Śivə
262:and
244:Xībó
212:IPA:
202:ᠰᡞᠪᡝ
198:Xibo
194:Sibe
192:The
183:and
177:Orok
169:Daur
151:and
137:Sibe
135:and
30:ᠰᡞᠪᡝ
23:Sibe
3323:Taz
2880:Sui
2869:Rau
2806:Dai
2548:Yao
2541:She
2442:Lai
2170:Hui
2156:Han
2139:Bai
2061:by
1782:181
1718:–.
1716:242
1513:佟丽娅
1465:21
1459:26
1446:33
1427:55
1421:12
1164:of
1116:72
1103:81
693:of
685:of
577:).
543:Hui
518:of
431:Nen
335:惠远城
266:in
219:;
196:or
3450::
3395:,
3391:,
3387:;
3369:,
2839:Li
2472:Wa
2272:Yi
2260:Nu
1926:.
1872:^
1836:^
1679:^
1639:^
1593:^
1574:^
1541:^
1525:吴谦
1440:6
1184:,
1129:6
701:,
662:.
654:,
650:,
522:.
502:,
487:.
441:.
393:,
258:,
237:;
235:錫伯
229:;
226:锡伯
210:,
204:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
3399:)
3263:e
3256:t
3249:v
3151:)
3147:(
2092:e
2085:t
2078:v
2019:.
1936:.
1902:.
1866:.
1784:.
1728:.
1695:)
1633:.
1568:.
1522:(
1510:(
332:(
318:(
200:(
121:)
85:(
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