966:
29:
604:, none of which were continuations of the eight previously printed, but an independent collection. These are numbered XI to XIV in later editions. Several fragments of oracles taken from the works of Theophilus and Lactantius, printed in the later editions, show that even more Sibylline oracles formerly existed. In the course of the 19th century, better texts also became available for the parts previously published.
935:
246:, which had been kept in temples in Rome. The original oracular books, kept in Rome, were accidentally destroyed in a fire in 83 BC, which resulted in an attempt in 76 BC to recollect them when the Roman senate sent envoys throughout the world to discover copies. This official copy existed until at least AD 405, but little is known of their contents.
459:
The text has been transmitted in fourteen "books", preserved in two distinct manuscript traditions, one containing books 1–8, the other 9–14. However, "book 9" consists of material from books 1–8 and "book 10" is identical to "book 4", so that the edition by
Collins (1983) contains
148:
in their existing form are a chaotic medley. They consist of 12 books (or 14) of various authorship, date, and religious conception. The final arrangement, thought to be due to an unknown editor of the 6th century AD (Alexandre), does not determine identity of authorship, time, or religious belief;
568:
an edition based on manuscript P, and the next year a version set in Latin verse appeared. Better manuscripts were used by
Johannes Opsopaeus, whose edition appeared at Paris in 1599. Later editions include those by Servaas Galle (Servatius: Amsterdam 1689) and by
181:
All the oracles seem to have undergone later revision, enrichment, and adaptation by editors and authors of different religions, who added similar texts, all in the interests of their respective religions. The
Sibylline oracles are therefore a
390:), all knew various versions of the pseudo-Sibylline collections, quoted them or referred to them in paraphrase, and were willing to Christianize them, by as simple means as inserting "Son of God" into a passage, as Lactantius:
76:, prophetesses who uttered divine revelations in a frenzied state. Fourteen books and eight fragments of Sibylline Oracles survive, in an edition of the 6th or 7th century AD. They are not to be confused with the original
162:('sibyl-mongers' or 'believers in sibyls') because of prophecies preached among them, especially those in the book of Revelation. The preservation of the entire collection is due to Christian writers.
440:
states, "Through the decline and disappearance of paganism, however, interest in them gradually diminished and they ceased to be widely read or circulated, though they were known and used during the
625:
characterizes the
Oracles as an eclectic mixture of texts of unclear origin and largely middling quality. Its speculations on the most likely provenances of the various books are as follows:
1113:
152:
These oracles were anonymous in origin and as such were apt to modification and enlargement at pleasure by
Hellenistic Jews and by Christians for missionary purposes.
398:" in the beginning of her song, which she commenced by the help of the Most High God, proclaims the Son of God as leader and commander of all in these verses:
94:
in the 4th century AD. Instead, the text is an "odd pastiche" of
Hellenistic and Roman mythology interspersed with Jewish, Gnostic and early Christian legend.
772:
976:
1119:: only those fragments that are quoted in Patristic writings, annotated and set in context, including the long preface of the (6th century?) editor
1144:
178:. Books 1–2 may have been written by Christians, though again there may have been a Jewish original that was adapted to Christian purposes.
925:
905:
1186:
409:
Some fragmentary verses that do not appear in the collections that survive are only known because they were quoted by a Church Father.
279:, quoted the same section of the extant Oracles verbatim, in the midst of a lengthy series of classical and pagan references including
249:
That the use of the
Sibylline Oracles was not always exclusive to Christians is shown by an extract from Book III concerning the
444:
in both the East and the West." Thus, a student may find echoes of their imagery and style in much early medieval literature.
1467:
777:
The content of the individual books is probably of different age, dated to anywhere between the 1st and 7th centuries AD.
1252:
129:. The oracles have undergone extensive editing, re-writing, and redaction as they came to be exploited in wider circles.
1088:
1073:
Folia ventis turbata – Sibyllinische Orakel und der Gott
Apollon zwischen später Republik und augusteischem Principat
844:
836:
474:
171:
1127:
779:
Collins, J. J. (1983). "Sibylline
Oracles (Second Century B.C.–Seventh Century A.D)". In Charlesworth (ed.).
756:
460:
only books 1–8 and 11–14. The main manuscripts date to the 14th to 16th centuries (Collins 1983:321):
1472:
1457:
1365:
879:
233:, as well as many allusions to the events of the later Roman Empire, often portraying Rome in a negative light.
1179:
1462:
346:
themselves, and the so-called
Sibylline oracles, were often referred to by other early Church fathers;
944:
1477:
1172:
422:
170:
The oldest of the surviving Sibylline oracles seem to be books 3–5, which were composed partly by
1141:
949:
899:
287:, and stated several times that all these works should already be familiar to the Roman Emperor.
821:
Sybilline Oracles (Second Century B.C.-Seventh Century A.D.). A New Translation and Introduction
1159:. Translated from Greek into Blank English Verse. New Edition Revised after the Text of Ruch.
230:
126:
87:
1262:
981:
885:
824:
621:
587:
553:
To this may be added the ample quotations found in the writings of the early Church Fathers.
436:
358:
347:
261:
878:
1257:
1217:
727:
719:
702:
447:
These books, in spite of their pagan content, have sometimes been described as part of the
236:
Some have suggested that the surviving texts may include some fragments or remnants of the
1066:
Il secolo della Sibilla. Momenti della tradizione cinquecentesca degli «Oracoli Sibillini»
8:
1370:
1296:
1267:
1104:
874:
226:
110:
102:
1426:
1375:
1360:
1291:
1272:
1222:
1212:
766:
712:
531:
499:
380:
122:
114:
83:
69:
919:
1335:
1084:
840:
832:
481:
1340:
1232:
1227:
1195:
395:
254:
136:, spelling out a Christian code-phrase with the first letters of successive lines.
91:
1027:
Higher Criticism Ancient and Modern: The Lamentable Death of Hermes and the Sibyls
1148:
1131:
1033:, ed. by A.C. Dionisotti, A. Grafton and J. Kraye, London 1988, pp. 155–170.
816:
668:: first half likely 2nd century Jewish; second half Christian, likely 3rd century
601:
570:
538:
512:
269:
238:
78:
20:
1396:
1391:
1330:
940:
448:
250:
210:
202:
57:
1155:
1451:
1401:
970:
914:
894:
431:
410:
243:
1436:
929:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–20.
752:
707:
310:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1122:
441:
222:
149:
many of the books are merely arbitrary groupings of unrelated fragments.
36:
898:
1283:
909:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
583:
557:
369:
175:
118:
724:
describes the phenomenon of pretended oracles written after the event.
1355:
613:
330:
306:
190:
426:, gives such a circumstantial account of the Cumaean Sibyl that the
339:
repeats this list but identifies the Persian Sibyl with the Hebrew.
28:
1350:
1345:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1164:
969: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
561:
294:
187:
183:
133:
1322:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1081:
Hellénisme et prophétie. Les Oracles sibyllins juifs et chrétiens
326:
318:
225:
writings; thinly veiled references to historical figures such as
214:
106:
1136:(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries;
953:. Vol. 11. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 319–323.
582:
Books 11–14 were edited only in the 19th century. In 1817
174:. The third oracle seems to have been composed in the reign of
1161:(1899) Translated by Milton S. Terry. Digital Facsimile. (PDF)
322:
302:
298:
284:
218:
198:
153:
121:
passages scattered throughout seem to foreshadow themes of the
1204:
918:
591:
565:
343:
314:
290:
280:
194:
157:
73:
467:
Z: Codex Hierosolymitanus Sabaiticus 419 (late 14th century)
1137:
831:, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company Inc., Volume 2,
451:. They do not appear in the canonical lists of any Church.
335:
206:
1052:
Sebastiano Castellione e l'edizione dei Sibyllina Oracula
792:
790:
1059:
Book III of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting
889:. Vol. 1. location: George N. Morang & Company.
404:
Sweet breath implanted, and made God the guide of all.
880:"Apocalyptic Literature § 88. Sibylline Oracles"
807:
805:
787:
650:: likely Jewish, though with controversy among critics
470:
A: Codex Vindobonensis hist gr. XCVI 6 (15th century)
68:) are a collection of oracular utterances written in
1038:
Sibyls and Sibylline Prophecy in Classical Antiquity
464:
Group φ: books 1–8 with an anonymous prologue
802:
1134:, Books III-V, Translated by the H. N. Bate, 1918
1075:(Studien zur Alten Geschichte 33), Göttingen 2022.
1006:La Sibilla babilonese nella propaganda ellenistica
985:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
600:) and later he discovered four more books, in the
165:
1449:
850:
771:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
586:edited a further book, from a manuscript in the
487:S: Codex Scorialensis II Σ 7 (late 15th century)
90:which were burned by order of the Roman general
1047:, «Studi storici» 34, 1993, pp. 895–1001.
1031:The Uses of Greek and Latin. Historical Essays
1180:
783:. Vol. 1. Hendrickson. pp. 317–472.
692:: 4th century, Christian at least in revision
674:: 3rd century, Christian at least in revision
490:D: Codex Vallicellianus gr. 46 (16th century)
1054:, «Rinascimento» 36, 1996, pp. 319–349.
101:are a valuable source for information about
873:
796:
761:. Archived from the original on 2002-06-06.
717:
595:
574:
505:R: Codex Parisinus 2851 (late 15th century)
495:Group ψ: books 1–8, without prologue
454:
1187:
1173:
1078:
1020:The Sibylline Oracles of Egyptian Judaism
913:
893:
27:
778:
680:: Christian revision of Jewish original
638:: Christian revision of Jewish original
632:: Christian revision of Jewish original
1450:
939:
201:; Judeo-Christian legends such as the
1168:
974:
877:; Black, J. Sutherland, eds. (1899).
856:
751:
612:The Sibylline Oracles are written in
544:V: Codex Vaticanus 743 (14th century)
242:with a legendary provenance from the
1194:
644:: the oldest text; completely Jewish
420:), if he is truly the author of the
321:, and Tiburtine. The list omits the
1253:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
13:
991:
847:(Vol. 2). Here cited vol. 1 p. 317
547:H: Codex Monacensis gr. 312 (1541)
402:All-nourishing Creator, who in all
253:as quoted by the Jewish historian
14:
1489:
1098:
1068:, Bari, edizioni di Pagina, 2005.
1008:, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1942.
979:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
829:The Old Testament Pseudoepigrapha
686:: Christian, at least in revision
16:Collection of oracular utterances
964:
933:
1366:Additions to the Book of Esther
975:Healy, Patrick Joseph (1912). "
656:: Christian; likely 3rd century
166:Sources for the Sibylline texts
139:
1110:(complete text, at Elfinspell)
745:
508:L: Codex Parisinus 2850 (1475)
257:, in the late 1st century AD.
1:
1437:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
1061:, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2003.
733:
516:
414:
384:
373:
362:
351:
273:
40:
1468:Old Testament pseudepigrapha
943:; et al., eds. (1905).
781:Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
738:
482:Codex Bodleianus Baroccianus
7:
1079:Lafontaine, Xavier (2023).
696:
607:
105:and early first millennium
10:
1494:
1040:, London, Routledge, 1988.
1001:, Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1902.
866:
576:Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum
556:In 1545 Xystus Betuleius (
527:Group Ω: books 9–14
502:plut. XI 17 (15th century)
158:
18:
1384:
1320:
1281:
1202:
900:"Sibylline Oracles"
423:Exhortation to the Greeks
266:A Plea for the Christians
455:Manuscripts and editions
260:The Christian apologist
66:pseudo-Sibylline Oracles
19:Not to be confused with
1015:, Paris, La Haye, 1970.
950:The Jewish Encyclopedia
926:Encyclopædia Britannica
906:Encyclopædia Britannica
797:Cheyne & Black 1899
534:E64 sup. (15th century)
484:103 (late 15th century)
293:enumerated ten Sibyls:
64:; sometimes called the
1473:Apocalyptic literature
1458:Ancient Roman religion
718:
596:
579:(Venice, 1765, 1788).
575:
430:is quoted here at the
407:
193:, employing motifs of
127:apocalyptic literature
61:
47:
1263:Apocalypse of Abraham
1157:The Sibylline Oracles
1124:The Sibylline oracles
1116:The sibylline oracles
1107:The Sibylline Oracles
1083:. Turnhout: Brepols.
999:Die Oracula Sibyllina
982:Catholic Encyclopedia
886:Encyclopaedia Biblica
825:James H. Charlesworth
758:The Sibylline Oracles
622:Catholic Encyclopedia
588:Biblioteca Ambrosiana
437:Catholic Encyclopedia
392:
359:Clement of Alexandria
350:, Bishop of Antioch (
262:Athenagoras of Athens
176:Ptolemy VI Philometor
31:
1258:Testament of Abraham
1218:Life of Adam and Eve
1013:La troisième Sibylle
875:Cheyne, Thomas Kelly
728:Wives aboard the Ark
703:Alexander Polyhistor
217:and early Christian
1371:Additions to Daniel
1297:Ascension of Isaiah
1268:Assumption of Moses
1045:Questioni sibilline
720:Vaticinia ex eventu
541:1120 (14th century)
227:Alexander the Great
186:of Greek and Roman
132:One passage has an
103:classical mythology
1427:Letter of Aristeas
1376:Prayer of Manasseh
1292:Letter of Jeremiah
1273:Joseph and Aseneth
1223:Testament of Qahat
1213:Genesis Apocryphon
1147:2009-03-06 at the
1130:2004-12-31 at the
1011:V. Nikiprowetzky,
713:Jewish eschatology
532:Codices Ambrosiani
500:Codex Laurentianus
477:351 (15th century)
172:Jews in Alexandria
156:called Christians
123:Book of Revelation
111:Hellenistic Jewish
48:
1463:Classical oracles
1445:
1444:
1432:Sibylline Oracles
1336:Psalms of Solomon
1203:Apocrypha in the
1114:Milton S. Terry,
1105:Milton S. Terry,
977:Sibylline Oracles
597:Codex Ambrosianus
317:, Hellospontian,
146:Sibylline Oracles
99:Sibylline Oracles
62:Oracula Sibyllina
53:Sibylline Oracles
1485:
1478:Jewish apocrypha
1341:Testament of Job
1233:Book of Jubilees
1228:Visions of Amram
1196:Jewish apocrypha
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1094:
1022:, Missoula 1974.
986:
968:
967:
954:
937:
936:
930:
922:
910:
902:
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882:
860:
854:
848:
809:
800:
794:
785:
784:
776:
770:
762:
749:
723:
599:
578:
521:
518:
475:Codex Monacensis
419:
416:
396:Erythraean Sibyl
389:
386:
378:
375:
367:
364:
356:
353:
278:
275:
255:Flavius Josephus
161:
160:
92:Flavius Stilicho
72:ascribed to the
70:Greek hexameters
45:
42:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1448:
1447:
1446:
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1385:Other apocrypha
1380:
1316:
1277:
1198:
1193:
1149:Wayback Machine
1132:Wayback Machine
1101:
1091:
1057:R. Buitenwerf,
1018:J. J. Collins,
994:
992:Further reading
989:
965:
941:Singer, Isidore
934:
869:
864:
863:
855:
851:
817:John J. Collins
810:
803:
795:
788:
764:
763:
750:
746:
741:
736:
699:
610:
602:Vatican Library
571:Andrea Gallandi
564:) published at
539:Codex Vaticanus
519:
513:Codex Toletanus
457:
434:'s entry. The
417:
406:
403:
387:
376:
365:
354:
276:
270:Marcus Aurelius
239:Sibylline Books
168:
142:
82:of the ancient
79:Sibylline Books
43:
24:
21:Sibylline Books
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12:
11:
5:
1491:
1481:
1480:
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1465:
1460:
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1442:
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1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:Book of Judith
1394:
1392:Book of Sirach
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Psalms 152–155
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Book of Wisdom
1327:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1315:
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1304:
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1199:
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1191:
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1099:External links
1097:
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1023:
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961:
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956:
955:
931:
920:"Sibyls"
917:, ed. (1911).
915:Chisholm, Hugh
911:
897:, ed. (1911).
895:Chisholm, Hugh
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849:
815:1.6, cited in
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449:Pseudepigrapha
400:
251:Tower of Babel
223:eschatological
211:Tower of Babel
203:Garden of Eden
167:
164:
141:
138:
117:beliefs. Some
44: 1616–17
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1321:Apocrypha in
1319:
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997:J. Geffcken,
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971:public domain
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845:0-385-18813-7
842:
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837:0-385-09630-5
834:
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140:Introduction
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1422:4 Maccabees
1417:3 Maccabees
1412:2 Maccabees
1407:1 Maccabees
1142:layered PDF
959:Attribution
662:: Christian
520: 1500
515:Cat 88.44 (
442:Middle Ages
159:Σιβυλλισται
119:apocalyptic
37:Domenichino
1452:Categories
857:Healy 1912
839:(Vol. 1),
734:References
584:Angelo Mai
558:Sixt Birck
418: 150
388: 400
377: 305
370:Lactantius
366: 200
355: 180
348:Theophilus
264:, writing
125:and other
1356:Psalm 151
767:cite book
739:Citations
619:The 1913
614:hexameter
381:Augustine
307:Cimmerian
231:Cleopatra
191:mythology
115:Christian
84:Etruscans
1351:2 Esdras
1346:1 Esdras
1312:3 Baruch
1307:2 Baruch
1302:1 Baruch
1145:Archived
1128:Archived
827:(1985),
755:(1899).
697:See also
608:Contents
562:Augsburg
331:Egyptian
327:Chaldean
319:Phrygian
219:homilies
209:and the
184:pastiche
134:acrostic
1323:Ketuvim
1284:Nevi'im
1248:3 Enoch
1243:2 Enoch
1238:1 Enoch
1151:format)
973::
945:"Sibyl"
867:Sources
813:DivInst
690:Book 14
684:Book 13
678:Book 12
672:Book 11
573:in his
428:Address
379:), and
303:Delphic
295:Persian
215:Gnostic
107:Gnostic
33:A Sibyl
1140:&
1087:
1029:, in:
938:
843:
835:
666:Book 8
660:Book 7
654:Book 6
648:Book 5
642:Book 4
636:Book 2
630:Book 1
344:Sibyls
329:, and
323:Hebrew
315:Cumean
311:Samian
299:Libyan
285:Hesiod
199:Hesiod
154:Celsus
88:Romans
74:Sibyls
1205:Torah
823:, in
592:Milan
566:Basel
394:"The
291:Varro
281:Homer
195:Homer
188:pagan
58:Latin
35:, by
1138:DjVu
1085:ISBN
841:ISBN
833:ISBN
773:link
342:The
336:Suda
283:and
229:and
221:and
207:Noah
197:and
144:The
113:and
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560:of
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530:M:
511:T:
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