3615:
4705:
6724:
4395:
3629:
357:
803:
54:
7374:
628:
965:
1059:), among all the 150 Sichuanese-speaking cities and counties, 48 keep the checked tone while the other 102 have only four tones. Particularly, in some sub-dialects of the Minjiang dialect (such as the Yingjing dialect), the departing tone has developed into two different tones: a colloquial tone (which is similar to the second tone as a characteristic of Ba-Shu:
3603:, risking severe decline or even extinction. China enacted laws in 2000 mandating the use of Mandarin. Provinces, including Sichuan, established language committees to advise, monitor, and enforce Mandarin usage. The mandate inevitably caused massive decline in audience members and the performance of traditional Ba-shu folk art.
610:
The
Minjiang, Ya'an–Shimian and Renshou–Fushun dialects are spoken mainly in South and West Sichuan, regions in which the inhabitants have significantly more indigenous Sichuanese descent than those of North and East Sichuan. Thus, these dialects are often referred as Old Sichuanese, as the preserve
1072:
The tone contours of the
Sichuanese dialects are highly and quite different from those of Beijing Mandarin. In Sichuanese, the first tone (dark level tone) is a high level tone (like Beijing), the second tone (light level tone) is a low falling tone (the mirror image of Beijing), the third tone
3591:
and many public places. Furthermore, the use of
Sichuanese as a teaching medium is not permitted in the curriculum, which has resulted in a reduction of fluency among young people in Sichuanese-speaking areas since the 1980s and 1990s. The Sichuanese spoken by them is greatly influenced by the
3277:, a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in the neighboring province. However, the relationship between Sichuanese and Northern Mandarin dialects, including the standard language, is weaker than the relationship between Xiang and Gan.
1073:(rising tone) is a high falling tone and the fourth tone (departing tone) is a low or mid rising tone (interchanged compared to Beijing) and the fifth tone (entering tone) is mid or high if it's not merged, as shown in the chart below.
1049:(or checked tone). In some regions the checked tone of Sichuanese has been merged into another tone, which is very different from standard Mandarin, whose checked tone has been merged irregularly into the other four tones. According to
1390:(or syllable onsets) are initial consonants of possible syllables. There are 21 initials in the Chengdu dialect of Sichuanese (academically referred as Standard Sichuanese). Four Sichuanese initial consonants do not exist in Beijing:
623:
dialect, named after the two largest cities in greater
Sichuan, are spoken in a contiguous area mainly in North and East Sichuan. It is often referred as New Sichuanese because it exhibits fewer characteristics of the Bashu language.
1815:
and an optional final consonants. There are 36 finals in the
Chengdu dialect of Sichuanese. Four Sichuanese finals do not exist in Beijing: , , , and . On the other hand, three Beijing finals do not exist in Sichuanese: , , and .
2685:(960–1279). Meanwhile, its literary reading, , is relatively similar to the standard Mandarin pronunciation . The table below shows some examples of Chinese characters with both literary and colloquial readings in Sichuanese.
3065:
have been introduced to
Sichuanese from standard Mandarin and English. Meanwhile, new Sichuanese words are developing in large cities, such as Chengdu and Chongqing, which then spread at a dramatic speed through Sichuan.
907:. The modern variety of Chinese spoken in the region formed relatively recently. In the thirteenth century, the population of Sichuan dropped precipitously, suspected to be due in part to a series of plagues and
3114:" comes from a kind of bicycle with "ears" in Chengdu, which was first invented by men in Chengdu in order to make their wives sit more comfortably. There are still a few such bikes on streets of Chengdu.
3284:. The two varieties share a large number of exclusively unique words. This is mainly because many Xiang-speaking immigrants from Hunan moved to Sichuan during the great wave of immigration during the
2282:
to emphasize the contrast. Meanwhile, the checked tone has disappeared in other
Sichuanese dialects. The following table shows the tense vowels of Minjiang dialect's three sub-dialects, spoken in
5117:
5108:
594:
489:
315:
5602:
6147:
721:
485:
305:
6109:
1823:, and under every IPA symbol in the inventory below there is the standard orthography of that sound in Sichuanese Pinyin and a Chinese character using that final:
580:
6849:
5631:
2644:
547:
inhabited areas. It is also spoken in the border regions of
Sichuan's neighboring provinces: northern Yunnan and Guizhou, southern Shaanxi and western Hubei.
3583:, the prevalence of Sichuanese has dramatically lessened as the popularity of Mandarin Chinese has risen. Government policy limits the use of Sichuanese in
6656:
6646:
6651:
6410:
5958:
1011:
6565:
496:, the capital of Sichuan province and an important central city, is the most representative dialect of Southwestern Mandarin and is used widely in
4502:
1375:
In the areas which keep the entering tone, the five tones of
Sichuanese are nearly identical to the values of 5 of the 6 tones of the indigenous
520:
4271:
947:
that influenced the formation of the modern dialect group and helps to explain the distinctiveness of Modern
Sichuanese within the Mandarin
476:
is especially difficult for speakers of other Mandarin dialects to understand. Sichuanese can be further divided into a number of dialects:
6732:
5970:
550:
However, it is possible to divide Sichuanese into four sub-dialects according to the preservation or distribution of the Middle Chinese
5359:
5934:
5922:
3292:
dynasties, so Xiang does not have such a close relationship with other southwestern varieties of Chinese, such as those spoken in
867:
118:
5946:
5438:
839:
90:
7030:
927:-speakers in the following centuries. These varieties largely supplanted the earlier varieties of Chinese in Sichuan, known as
6269:
4299:
4190:
4165:
3855:
7080:
4344:
846:
820:
97:
71:
34:. For the extinct Sinitic language formerly spoken in what is now Sichuan and Chongqing, also known as Old Sichuanese, see
6922:
4495:
1722:
1573:
379:
17:
519:
that is often confused with "real" Sichuanese. Sichuanese, spoken by about 120 million people, would rank tenth among
4010:
3978:
3949:
3802:
886:
853:
137:
104:
3364:) in standard. Furthermore, the Sichuanese vocabulary also contains words from Old Xiang and Middle Xiang, such as "
4704:
4394:
415:, which was part of Sichuan Province until 1997, and the adjacent regions of their neighboring provinces, such as
7002:
5229:
4304:
1820:
1696:
1402:
472:
than southeastern Chinese varieties but is still quite divergent in phonology, vocabulary, and even grammar. The
369:
835:
86:
5709:
5352:
4488:
3677:
1901:
824:
75:
7406:
7318:
6772:
3661:
477:
290:
939:
of the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, but instead a divergent dialect group independently descended from the
7377:
7288:
6812:
5287:
5234:
4890:
1888:
1755:
1709:
1560:
3092:) is a word exclusive to Sichuanese, which means "henpecked husbands". A standard Mandarin equivalent of "
3001:
2993:
2988:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2943:
2935:
2930:
2914:
2906:
2901:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2856:
2848:
2843:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2669:, while literary readings tend to resemble modern standard Mandarin. For example, in the Yaoling dialect (
2241:
2230:
2221:
2204:
2195:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2102:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2024:
2015:
2004:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1851:
1790:
1395:
1391:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1255:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
7293:
7165:
7090:
6747:
5280:
4935:
4857:
4573:
4446:
1991:
516:
515:, flooded into Sichuan bringing their languages with them. The influence of Sichuanese has resulted in a
31:
944:
7335:
7308:
7185:
7097:
6844:
6824:
3273:
is usually taken as a representative of Sichuanese. Sichuanese shares the most similar vocabulary with
1875:
1472:
1459:
7401:
6887:
5585:
5345:
5180:
4627:
4548:
4367:
2180:
2178:
2087:
1989:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1768:
1766:
1753:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1707:
1694:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1608:
1595:
1571:
1558:
1533:
1518:
1505:
1485:
1470:
1457:
1434:
566:
437:
7261:
7246:
7236:
6950:
5261:
4864:
4677:
4337:
2089:
990:
908:
3100:
3076:) (meaning "to cheer someone on") is a typical example of a novel Sichuanese word, equivalent to "
2258:
There is a discrepancy between Old Sichuanese and New Sichuanese in terms of finals. In the "old"
7273:
5512:
5255:
5041:
4925:
4157:
1487:
1376:
860:
813:
742:
442:
111:
64:
7266:
7115:
1405:, and under every IPA symbol in the inventory below there is the transcription of that sound in
7207:
7050:
5648:
5301:
5294:
5074:
5008:
4511:
1588:
1500:
1007:
242:
441:, there is still a great amount of diversity among the Sichuanese dialects, some of which are
7202:
7125:
6839:
6817:
5572:
5405:
5244:
5194:
4750:
4425:
4353:
3410:
3030:
varieties of Chinese, even though Sichuanese is usually classified as a dialect of Mandarin.
1645:
1632:
404:
262:
2681:" (means "things") is , which is very similar to its pronunciation of Ba-Shu Chinese in the
6970:
6938:
6767:
5892:
5387:
5056:
4902:
4848:
1658:
750:
539:, which includes almost all of Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality except for some
8:
7396:
7214:
7180:
7015:
6982:
6829:
6757:
6674:
6515:
6510:
6264:
6074:
5239:
4829:
4656:
4587:
4330:
4313:
4206:
3576:
1684:
1610:
1597:
1548:
1535:
1520:
1507:
693:
3078:
3068:
911:. The population did not recover until it was replenished by subsequent migrations from
7330:
7197:
7160:
7045:
6943:
6877:
6872:
6762:
6752:
6378:
6356:
6249:
6057:
6052:
5975:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5451:
5080:
4689:
4555:
4409:
3642:
3596:
3580:
3446:
1671:
1042:
1016:
928:
615:, the extinct language formerly spoken by the first Sichuanese Han Chinese people. The
7241:
7231:
7110:
7075:
6930:
6882:
6834:
6601:
6454:
6388:
6244:
6229:
5900:
5877:
5831:
5756:
5682:
5562:
5530:
5484:
5423:
5413:
5378:
5188:
5148:
5126:
5091:
5085:
5050:
4988:
4982:
4962:
4756:
4744:
4727:
4635:
4581:
4561:
4459:
4430:
4186:
4161:
4006:
3974:
3945:
3851:
3798:
3767:
3693:
2275:
1807:
A final, the remainder of syllable after the initial, consists of an optional medial
1689:
1427:
1410:
1406:
948:
524:
247:
225:
375:
7347:
6867:
6742:
6606:
6596:
6581:
6527:
6449:
6400:
6361:
6310:
6224:
6176:
6160:
6040:
6000:
5995:
5882:
5836:
5782:
5777:
5767:
5761:
5590:
5535:
5520:
5396:
5368:
5209:
5169:
5139:
5113:
5063:
5021:
4930:
4907:
4800:
4780:
4737:
4662:
4525:
4372:
3482:
3469:
3433:
3061:, which were brought to Sichuan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Recently, many
3019:
2259:
1421:
1401:
The following is the initial consonant inventory of Sichuanese, transcribed in the
684:
555:
481:
473:
469:
295:
257:
252:
4787:
1045:
in Sichuanese: dark level tone, light level tone, rising tone, departing tone and
7298:
7278:
7175:
7135:
7120:
6859:
6709:
6699:
6679:
6636:
6631:
6497:
6461:
6444:
6434:
6373:
6191:
6127:
6069:
6017:
6012:
5914:
5810:
5805:
5714:
5661:
5656:
5636:
5621:
5616:
5557:
5552:
5542:
5525:
5497:
5469:
5446:
5201:
5155:
5014:
4896:
4835:
4669:
4616:
4607:
4593:
3634:
3541:
3487:
3415:
3270:
3015:
1862:
1441:
1387:
1066:
770:
234:
42:
2653:), is a notable feature in Sichuanese and some other Sinitic varieties, such as
604:
590:
562:
559:
41:"Sichuan language" redirects here. For the southern African Bantu language, see
7352:
7342:
7313:
7303:
7020:
6992:
6704:
6689:
6591:
6542:
6537:
6522:
6466:
6405:
6287:
6259:
6239:
6186:
6155:
6132:
6122:
6117:
6079:
6062:
6007:
5872:
5854:
5772:
5746:
5687:
5607:
5595:
5547:
5502:
5492:
5418:
5271:
5249:
5163:
5132:
5068:
5028:
5002:
4976:
4953:
4876:
4822:
4794:
4763:
4641:
4567:
4384:
4377:
3711:
3505:
3042:
3038:
3034:
2662:
2267:
2263:
1785:
1178:
936:
705:
612:
540:
454:
310:
300:
35:
6723:
3599:, rooted in the Sichuanese dialect, particularly traditional Shu arts such as
1394:
and . On the other hand, five initials in Beijing do not exist in Sichuanese:
7390:
7153:
6965:
6960:
6532:
6476:
6471:
6439:
6426:
6302:
6254:
6181:
6137:
6027:
5864:
5787:
5626:
5474:
5461:
4995:
4917:
4683:
4648:
4600:
4252:
3600:
3536:
3428:
3281:
3058:
3050:
3023:
2342:
2332:
2287:
980:
924:
916:
697:
656:
536:
497:
446:
5330:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
3762:
3280:
In terms of vocabulary, Sichuanese has the second closest relationship with
7025:
6975:
6351:
6234:
6207:
5751:
5741:
4969:
4885:
4841:
4770:
3620:
3584:
3559:
3289:
3285:
2682:
2666:
2279:
1046:
1000:
904:
672:
551:
504:
462:
7170:
7144:
7040:
7010:
6987:
6955:
6694:
6684:
6488:
6383:
6368:
6331:
6279:
6100:
6091:
5987:
5826:
5701:
5428:
5315:
4530:
3554:
3518:
3464:
3387:
Rank of lexical similarity between Sichuanese and other Chinese languages
3274:
3054:
3027:
940:
932:
920:
4480:
2278:, and in several cities and counties the tense vowels are followed by a
1819:
The following is the inventory of Sichuanese finals, transcribed in the
503:
Modern Sichuanese evolved due to a great wave of immigration during the
6586:
6560:
6326:
6292:
5797:
5724:
3588:
3500:
1625:
827: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
579:), in which the checked tone has merged into the light level tone; the
3688:
3685:
3682:
3672:
3669:
3666:
601:
598:
587:
584:
576:
573:
570:
356:
7035:
6786:
6777:
6505:
6395:
6047:
6035:
5846:
5677:
5308:
4949:
4714:
4521:
4469:
3523:
3062:
2654:
2352:
2294:, and a comparison with other Sichuanese dialects is also presented.
2271:
1808:
1141:
900:
762:
730:
660:
620:
544:
512:
458:
412:
342:
330:
214:
3304:. For example, in both Sichuanese and Xiang the verb "to squat" is "
802:
53:
7325:
6911:
6552:
5733:
5337:
3628:
3451:
1300:
1215:
783:
758:
387:
191:
183:
7357:
593:), which merges the checked tone into the departing tone; and the
7224:
6904:
6791:
6620:
6216:
4810:
4464:
4120:杨文全、鲁科颖(May 2005)，《当代成都方言新词汇例释——兼论其造词心理与民间文化意蕴》，西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
3297:
2658:
2347:
1449:
1099:
766:
738:
734:
713:
709:
701:
676:
668:
664:
616:
607:), in which the checked tone is merged into the dark level tone.
508:
493:
432:
420:
408:
383:
210:
899:
Like many of the southern provinces in China, Sichuan was fully
627:
7283:
7085:
4723:
4538:
3701:
3293:
2357:
2337:
2327:
2291:
2283:
1748:
1337:
1263:
754:
746:
424:
6796:
4719:
4534:
4322:
4272:"Chinese dialects in decline as government enforces Mandarin"
3301:
3046:
1812:
912:
450:
428:
416:
3022:
is based; indeed Sichuanese shares more vocabulary with the
4307:
Western Mandarin, or, The spoken language of western China
3014:
Only 47.8% of Sichuanese vocabulary is in common with the
386:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3264:
507:(1368–1644): many immigrants, mainly from Hunan, Hubei,
445:
with each other. In addition, because Sichuanese is the
3595:
The decline of Sichuanese threatens to severely impact
530:
465:
and other ethnic minority groups as a second language.
4066:
There's a trend in Chengdu dialect that will replace
2661:. In Sichuanese, colloquial readings tend to resemble
659:, several cities or counties in southwestern Sichuan (
4316:
Chinese lessons for first year students in West China
3033:
The vocabulary of Sichuanese has three main origins:
435:. Although "Sichuanese" is often synonymous with the
30:
For the Sichuanese variant of Standard Mandarin, see
3610:
2638:
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4035:
3402:Percentage of the same vocabulary with Sichuanese
4220:
4069:
1006:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
655:North and East Sichuan, the northeastern part of
7388:
4300:Sichuan Provincial Gazetteer: dialects 四川省志: 方言志
2253:
1065:) and a literary tone (which is the same as the
652:entering tone distributed into light level tone
4099:王庆（April 2010），《四川方言中没、术、物的演变》，西华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）
4093:
3324:) in standard Mandarin, the noun "kitchen" is "
3041:and the languages of the immigrants, including
780:entering tone distributed into dark level tone
5179:
4626:
4226:夏中易（April 2002），《近四十年成都话语音变动现象考论》，成都大学学报（社科版）
3920:
726:entering tone distributed into departing tone
535:Sichuanese is mainly spoken in and around the
27:Branch of the Mandarin Chinese language family
5353:
4496:
4338:
4238:周及徐（April 2001），《20世纪成都话音变研究》，四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）
4232:
4114:
4111:甄尚灵（January 1958），《成都语音的初步研究》，四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）
4005:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3344:) in standard, and the adjective "thick" is "
3335:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3109:
3093:
3083:
2980:
2951:
2922:
2893:
2864:
2835:
2806:
2777:
2748:
2719:
2676:
2670:
2648:
1060:
1054:
166:
7152:
5040:
4143:
4141:
4132:沈荭(February 2008)，《重庆言子儿的文化透视》，重庆大学学报(社会科学版)
4126:
3811:
631:map showing locations of Sichuanese dialects
336:(a proposal to use scm was rejected in 2018)
4309:; 1900. American Presbyterian Mission Press
4105:
4081:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
3384:
2296:
7373:
7143:
5360:
5346:
4503:
4489:
4345:
4331:
4174:
4050:Li, Rong. Chengdu Dialect Dictionary. 1998
3958:
3775:
355:
4510:
4138:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
887:Learn how and when to remove this message
565:), which preserves the checked tone; the
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
4019:
3763:"Change Request Documentation: 2017-025"
2314:
2304:
2299:
935:, Ba-Shu Chinese was different from the
786:(prefecture-level city) in West Sichuan
626:
7068:
4032:甄尚灵等（March 1960），《四川方言音系》，四川大学学报（社会科学版）
3929:
3926:彭金祥（March 2006），《四川方音在宋代以后的发展》，乐山师范学院学报
3889:
3870:
3716:
716:, northern Yunnan and northern Guizhou
380:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
7389:
4087:杨升初（1985年S2期），《剑阁摇铃话音系记略》，湘潭大学社会科学学报.
4000:
3987:
3845:
679:), Southern Shaanxi and Western Hubei
190:
182:
5341:
4484:
4326:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
3836:田畅（2009-07-29），《在四川灾区支教的300多个日夜》，鞍山日报
3265:Relation with other Chinese languages
527:) if counted as a separate language.
5367:
4075:余江（May 2004），《四川官话雅棉小片入声归阴平研究》，汕头大学
958:
825:adding citations to reliable sources
796:
531:Geographic distribution and dialects
76:adding citations to reliable sources
47:
4250:
4180:
4147:
3935:
3817:
3792:
943:of the Han dynasty, which formed a
500:and other art forms of the region.
24:
4269:
4053:
4041:易杰（2010），《川西大邑等七县市方言音系调查研究》，四川师范大学
3964:
3084:
996:for transliterated languages, and
976:of its non-English content, using
449:in Sichuan, Chongqing and part of
25:
7418:
4293:
517:distinct form of Standard Chinese
7372:
6850:Literary and colloquial readings
6722:
4703:
4393:
4270:Ni, Vincent (January 16, 2022).
3627:
3613:
2645:literary and colloquial readings
2639:Literary and colloquial readings
963:
801:
52:
4263:
4244:
4199:
4044:
3902:
3411:Southwestern Mandarin-Yunnanese
3088:) in standard Mandarin. "耙耳朵" (
2712:Standard Mandarin Pronunciation
2687:
1821:International Phonetic Alphabet
1403:International Phonetic Alphabet
812:needs additional citations for
634:
521:languages by number of speakers
217:and their neighboring provinces
63:needs additional citations for
4352:
3883:
3864:
3839:
3830:
3755:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3706:
3681:
3665:
3655:
3366:
3356:
3346:
2675:), the colloquial reading of "
2266:for checked-tone syllables in
1012:multilingual support templates
468:Sichuanese is more similar to
167:
13:
1:
3748:
3118:Common Vocabulary difference
3009:
2665:(Old Sichuanese) or Southern
2254:Tense vowels for checked tone
184:[sz˨˩˧tsʰwan˦˥xwa˨˩˧]
7378:List of varieties of Chinese
3575:Though Sichuanese is not as
2319:
2309:
1051:Phonology of Sichuan dialect
954:
192:[sz˨˩˦tsʰwan˥xwa˨˩˦]
7:
4447:Sichuanese Standard Chinese
3732:; traditional Chinese:
3606:
1382:
700:in South and West Sichuan,
361:Sichuanese in Greater China
32:Sichuanese Standard Chinese
10:
7423:
7336:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
4001:Ramsey, S. Robert (1987).
3892:大学生村官恶补四川方言 现在能用流利四川话和村民交流
3793:崔荣昌 (1996). "第三章：四川的官话".
792:
649:Chengdu–Chongqing dialect
453:, it is also used by many
40:
29:
7370:
7254:
7223:
7134:
7059:
7001:
6921:
6896:
6858:
6805:
6731:
6720:
6667:
6619:
6574:
6551:
6496:
6487:
6425:
6344:
6319:
6301:
6278:
6215:
6206:
6169:
6146:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6026:
5986:
5913:
5891:
5863:
5845:
5819:
5796:
5732:
5723:
5700:
5670:
5647:
5571:
5511:
5483:
5460:
5437:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5375:
5325:
5270:
5222:
5107:
4948:
4916:
4874:
4809:
4712:
4701:
4519:
4455:
4439:
4418:
4402:
4391:
4360:
3871:吴丹, 梁晓明 (Nov 23, 2005).
3570:
3378:
3372:
3336:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3138:
3110:
3099:
3094:
3077:
3067:
3037:(or Ancient Sichuanese),
2981:
2952:
2923:
2894:
2865:
2836:
2807:
2778:
2749:
2720:
2677:
2671:
2649:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1802:
1789:
1784:
1683:
1624:
1547:
1448:
1418:
1061:
1055:
692:44 cities or counties in
567:Chengdu-Chongqing dialect
438:Chengdu-Chongqing dialect
366:
354:
340:
328:
323:
284:
231:
221:
206:
198:
175:
164:
157:
152:
4251:Min, Chen (2022-04-13).
4185:(in Chinese). 中华书局（台湾）.
4182:
4153:
4149:
3970:
3966:
3941:
3937:
3909:
3891:
3890:张国盛, 余勇 (Jun 1, 2009).
3872:
3850:. 福建人民出版社. p. 563.
3847:
3819:
3794:
3728:simplified Chinese:
3648:
1036:
931:or Old Sichuanese. Like
729:8 cities or counties in
689:entering tone preserved
611:many characteristics of
4209:(in Chinese). 新浪网新民周刊专题
4158:Hunan Normal University
3797:(in Chinese). 四川大学出版社.
1377:Southern Qiang language
443:mutually unintelligible
4314:Kilborn, Omar Leslie.
4003:The Languages of China
777:Ya'an–Shimian dialect
722:Renshou–Fushun dialect
632:
581:Renshou-Fushun dialect
368:This article contains
306:Renshou–Fushun dialect
5230:Central Tibeto-Burman
4426:Sichuanese characters
4150:第九章第三节：从词汇看湘语与西南官话的关系
3108:). The prototype of "
836:"Sichuanese dialects"
630:
595:Ya'an–Shimian dialect
405:Southwestern Mandarin
263:Southwestern Mandarin
87:"Sichuanese dialects"
7407:Varieties of Chinese
2270:have developed into
1413:using that initial:
1366:merged into the 4th
1329:merged into the 1st
1170:merged into the 2nd
1133:merged into the 2nd
974:specify the language
972:This article should
821:improve this article
696:valley or along the
72:improve this article
5288:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
3967:第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分
3818:严奇岩 (April 2007).
3678:traditional Chinese
3592:national language.
3389:
3131:Sichuanese Dialect
3125:Sichuanese Dialect
3119:
401:Sichuanese Mandarin
18:Sichuanese Mandarin
7331:Cantonese Bopomofo
7198:Chinese characters
7126:Written Sichuanese
5710:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
5281:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
5223:Proposed groupings
3662:simplified Chinese
3581:languages of China
3447:Jianghuai Mandarin
3385:
3117:
2697:Colloquial Reading
903:by the end of the
633:
309: •
299: •
7384:
7383:
7366:
7365:
7193:
7192:
7111:Written Cantonese
7106:
7105:
6888:Classical grammar
6883:Cantonese grammar
6718:
6717:
6615:
6614:
6421:
6420:
6340:
6339:
6202:
6201:
5909:
5908:
5696:
5695:
5586:Chengdu–Chongqing
5379:Sinitic languages
5335:
5334:
5218:
5217:
5103:
5102:
4944:
4943:
4699:
4698:
4478:
4477:
4460:Sichuanese people
4440:Related languages
4431:Sichuanese Pinyin
4368:Chengdu-Chongqing
4192:978-957-671-397-2
4167:978-7-81081-616-8
3857:978-7-211-05482-4
3768:SIL International
3694:Sichuanese Pinyin
3568:
3567:
3483:Northern Mandarin
3396:Chinese languages
3262:
3261:
3134:Standard Chinese
3128:Standard Chinese
3007:
3006:
2643:The existence of
2636:
2635:
2316:Chengdu-Chongqing
2276:phonemic contrast
2251:
2250:
1800:
1799:
1411:Chinese character
1407:Sichuanese Pinyin
1373:
1372:
1252:
1244:
1034:
1033:
1014:may also be used.
949:dialect continuum
897:
896:
889:
871:
790:
789:
492:. The dialect of
478:Chengdu–Chongqing
407:spoken mainly in
403:, is a branch of
394:
393:
376:rendering support
372:phonetic symbols.
291:Chengdu–Chongqing
226:Sichuanese people
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
7414:
7402:Mandarin Chinese
7376:
7375:
7348:Taiwanese Hangul
7237:Mainland Chinese
7150:
7149:
7141:
7140:
7066:
7065:
6743:Standard Chinese
6726:
6494:
6493:
6213:
6212:
6106:
6105:
6097:
6096:
5979:
5967:
5955:
5943:
5931:
5730:
5729:
5402:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5369:Chinese language
5362:
5355:
5348:
5339:
5338:
5177:
5176:
5038:
5037:
4872:
4871:
4707:
4624:
4623:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4397:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4318:. Kilborn (1917)
4305:Grainger, Adam.
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4207:"四川经验：剽悍方言无需要保卫"
4203:
4197:
4196:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4017:
4016:
3998:
3985:
3984:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3846:李彬、涂鸣华 (2007).
3843:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3790:
3773:
3772:
3759:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3708:
3691:
3675:
3659:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3071:
3020:Standard Chinese
3003:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2702:Literary Reading
2688:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2652:
2651:
2297:
2260:Minjiang dialect
2243:
2232:
2223:
2206:
2197:
2184:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2104:
2093:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2026:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1826:
1825:
1792:
1772:
1759:
1739:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1614:
1601:
1577:
1564:
1539:
1524:
1511:
1491:
1476:
1463:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1393:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1005:
999:
995:
989:
985:
979:
967:
966:
959:
909:Mongol invasions
892:
885:
881:
878:
872:
870:
829:
805:
797:
685:Minjiang dialect
641:Characteristics
635:
556:Minjiang dialect
474:Minjiang dialect
470:Standard Chinese
359:
333:
237:
194:
189:
186:
181:
171:
170:
169:
150:
149:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
7422:
7421:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7362:
7299:Tongyong Pinyin
7279:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
7267:Dungan Cyrillic
7250:
7219:
7189:
7130:
7121:Written Hokkien
7102:
7061:
7055:
7031:Middle Mandarin
6997:
6917:
6892:
6854:
6801:
6734:
6727:
6714:
6663:
6611:
6570:
6547:
6483:
6417:
6336:
6315:
6297:
6274:
6198:
6165:
6142:
6086:
6022:
5982:
5973:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5925:
5905:
5887:
5859:
5841:
5815:
5792:
5719:
5692:
5666:
5643:
5567:
5507:
5479:
5456:
5433:
5382:
5371:
5366:
5336:
5331:
5321:
5272:Proto-languages
5266:
5214:
5181:Greater Siangic
5175:
5112:
5099:
5036:
4940:
4912:
4870:
4814:
4805:
4717:
4708:
4695:
4628:Greater Magaric
4622:
4549:West Himalayish
4529:
4515:
4509:
4479:
4474:
4451:
4435:
4414:
4398:
4389:
4356:
4351:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4268:
4264:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4020:
4013:
3999:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3916:. Jul 18, 2009.
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3796:
3791:
3776:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3739:Sìchuān Guānhuà
3727:
3723:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3635:Language portal
3633:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3573:
3271:Chengdu dialect
3267:
3016:Beijing dialect
3012:
2641:
2264:stop consonants
2256:
2244:
2233:
2224:
2207:
2198:
2185:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2105:
2094:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2027:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1805:
1793:
1773:
1760:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1615:
1602:
1578:
1565:
1540:
1525:
1512:
1492:
1477:
1464:
1435:Alveolo-palatal
1385:
1245:
1108:
1067:Chengdu dialect
1041:There are five
1039:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1003:
997:
993:
991:transliteration
987:
983:
977:
968:
964:
957:
893:
882:
876:
873:
830:
828:
818:
806:
795:
533:
374:Without proper
362:
329:
308:
298:
280:
238:
235:Language family
233:
187:
179:
165:
159:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
43:Tswana language
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7420:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7382:
7381:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7343:Taiwanese kana
7340:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7314:Lessing-Othmer
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7156:
7147:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7116:Written Dungan
7113:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7072:
7070:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7021:Middle Chinese
7018:
7013:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6988:Wubi (Wang Ma)
6985:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6936:
6933:
6927:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
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6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6705:Xiangnan Tuhua
6702:
6697:
6692:
6690:Shaozhou Tuhua
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
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5603:Renshou–Fushun
5600:
5599:
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5588:
5577:
5575:
5569:
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5566:
5565:
5560:
5555:
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5517:
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5513:Central Plains
5509:
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5262:Tibeto-Kanauri
5259:
5252:
5247:
5242:
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5235:Kuki-Chin–Naga
5232:
5226:
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5212:
5207:
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5025:
5018:
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4966:
4958:
4956:
4954:Southeast Asia
4946:
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4938:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4920:
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4913:
4911:
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4905:
4900:
4893:
4891:Angami–Pochuri
4888:
4882:
4880:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4854:
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4852:
4845:
4833:
4826:
4818:
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4815:Burmese border
4807:
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4436:
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4433:
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4416:
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4412:
4410:Ba–Shu Chinese
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4364:
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4357:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4335:
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4320:
4311:
4302:
4295:
4294:External links
4292:
4289:
4288:
4262:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4198:
4191:
4173:
4166:
4156:(in Chinese).
4137:
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4092:
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4034:
4018:
4011:
3986:
3979:
3957:
3950:
3928:
3919:
3901:
3882:
3873:四川交通："窗口"飞来普通话
3863:
3856:
3838:
3829:
3810:
3803:
3774:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3736:; pinyin:
3721:
3717:Szŭ-ch'uan-hua
3653:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3643:Ba–Shu culture
3639:
3638:
3624:
3608:
3605:
3597:Ba-Shu culture
3579:as some other
3572:
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3217:瓢羹(píao gēng)
3215:
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3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
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3145:
3142:
3139:
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3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3043:Proto-Mandarin
3039:Middle Chinese
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2986:
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2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2663:Ba-Shu Chinese
2640:
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2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
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2619:
2613:
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2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:Renshou–Fushun
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2268:Middle Chinese
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2219:
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2202:
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2176:
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2142:
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2100:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2060:
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2042:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
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1125:
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1102:
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1086:
1083:
1080:
1043:phonemic tones
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1010:. Knowledge's
971:
969:
962:
956:
953:
937:Middle Chinese
929:Ba–Shu Chinese
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894:
809:
807:
800:
794:
791:
788:
787:
781:
778:
774:
773:
727:
724:
718:
717:
694:Minjiang River
690:
687:
681:
680:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
532:
529:
486:Renshou–Fushun
399:, also called
392:
391:
378:, you may see
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324:Language codes
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146:
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60:
58:
51:
36:Ba-Shu Chinese
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7419:
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7262:Cyrillization
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7154:Script styles
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6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5977:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5363:
5358:
5356:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5302:Proto-Karenic
5299:
5297:
5296:
5295:Proto-Loloish
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5256:Tibeto-Burman
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5042:Burmo-Qiangic
5039:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4937:
4936:Jingpho–Luish
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4574:Baram–Thangmi
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4253:"川剧传承保护何去何从？"
4247:
4235:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4194:
4188:
4181:崔荣昌 (1996).
4177:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4148:罗昕如 (2006).
4144:
4142:
4129:
4117:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4014:
4012:0-691-01468-X
4008:
4004:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3982:
3980:7-5621-1603-2
3976:
3973:. 西南师范大学出版社.
3961:
3953:
3951:7-5621-2942-8
3947:
3944:. 西南师范大学出版社.
3936:翟时雨 (2003).
3932:
3923:
3915:
3905:
3897:
3886:
3878:
3867:
3859:
3853:
3848:《百年中国新闻人（上册）》
3842:
3833:
3825:
3820:《移民与四川人"打乡谈"》
3814:
3806:
3804:7-5614-1296-7
3800:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3741:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3611:
3604:
3602:
3601:Sichuan opera
3598:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:Major dialect
3398:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3376:" (old) and "
3370:" (sloppy), "
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:追赶(zhuī gǎn)
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:粘贴(zhān tiē)
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2311:Ya'an–Shimian
2307:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1052:
1048:
1047:entering tone
1044:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1002:
992:
982:
975:
970:
961:
960:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
915:, as well as
914:
910:
906:
902:
891:
888:
880:
869:
866:
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
845:
841:
838: –
837:
833:
832:Find sources:
826:
822:
816:
815:
810:This section
808:
804:
799:
798:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:Yangtze River
695:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:Chengdu Plain
654:
651:
648:
647:
644:Spoken areas
643:
640:
637:
636:
629:
625:
622:
618:
614:
608:
606:
603:
600:
596:
592:
589:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
537:Sichuan Basin
528:
526:
523:(just behind
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
498:Sichuan opera
495:
491:
490:Ya'an–Shimian
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:lingua franca
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
371:
365:
358:
353:
350:
347:
345:
344:
339:
335:
332:
327:
322:
317:
316:Ya'an–Shimian
314:
312:
307:
304:
302:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
283:
269:
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264:
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236:
230:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:
178:
176:Pronunciation
174:
163:
156:
151:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
7284:Hanyu Pinyin
7274:Romanization
7181:Semi-cursive
7026:Old Mandarin
6983:Stroke count
6910:
6903:
6825:Old National
6668:Unclassified
5580:
5573:Southwestern
5406:Northeastern
5388:Major groups
5377:
5327:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5254:
5200:
5193:
5168:
5154:
5147:
5138:
5131:
5090:
5075:Lolo-Burmese
5073:
5049:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4895:
4863:
4856:
4847:
4840:
4828:
4821:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4743:
4736:
4688:
4682:
4668:
4661:
4647:
4640:
4615:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4580:
4566:
4554:
4547:
4512:Sino-Tibetan
4315:
4306:
4279:. Retrieved
4276:The Guardian
4275:
4265:
4256:
4246:
4240:(in Chinese)
4234:
4228:(in Chinese)
4222:
4211:. Retrieved
4201:
4176:
4134:(in Chinese)
4128:
4122:(in Chinese)
4116:
4107:
4101:(in Chinese)
4095:
4089:(in Chinese)
4083:
4077:(in Chinese)
4071:
4046:
4037:
4002:
3965:蓝勇 (1997).
3960:
3938:中篇第四节：四川话的分区
3931:
3922:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3885:
3876:
3866:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3813:
3766:
3757:
3737:
3724:
3715:
3705:
3697:
3657:
3621:China portal
3594:
3585:broadcasting
3574:
3386:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3279:
3268:
3223:𤆵和(pā huó)
3194:拖延(tuō yán)
3178:拨弄(bō nòng)
3164:调皮(tíao pí)
3158:跑音(pǎo yīn)
3144:凶恶(xīong è)
3105:
3089:
3073:
3032:
3013:
2979:
2950:
2921:
2892:
2863:
2834:
2805:
2776:
2747:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2683:Song dynasty
2667:Old Mandarin
2642:
2616:
2595:
2574:
2553:
2532:
2511:
2490:
2469:
2448:
2427:
2406:
2385:
2364:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2280:glottal stop
2274:to create a
2272:tense vowels
2257:
2245:
2234:
2225:
2208:
2199:
2186:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2106:
2095:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2028:
2019:
2008:
1997:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:nasal finals
1841:
1836:
1831:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1774:
1761:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1616:
1603:
1579:
1566:
1541:
1526:
1513:
1493:
1478:
1465:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1400:
1386:
1374:
1243:(colloquial)
1210:3 (checked)
1079:Sub-dialects
1071:
1050:
1040:
1025:October 2023
1022:
1008:ISO 639 code
1004:}}
998:{{
994:}}
988:{{
984:}}
978:{{
973:
905:Tang dynasty
898:
883:
877:October 2023
874:
864:
857:
850:
843:
831:
819:Please help
814:verification
811:
609:
552:checked tone
549:
534:
505:Ming dynasty
502:
467:
436:
400:
396:
395:
367:
348:
341:
267:
243:Sino-Tibetan
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
7353:Xiao'erjing
7215:Punctuation
7208:Traditional
7161:Oracle bone
7145:Logographic
7041:Proto-Hakka
7016:Eastern Han
7011:Old Chinese
6873:Classifiers
6840:Northern Wu
6768:Singaporean
5974: [
5962: [
5950: [
5938: [
5926: [
5316:Proto-Hakka
5245:Mahakiranti
4751:East Bodish
4531:Uttarakhand
3824:成都大学学报（社科版）
3795:《四川方言与巴蜀文化》
3249:估到(gū dào)
3239:几下(jǐ xià)
3207:盐巴(yán bá)
3201:巴适(bā shì)
3188:批阅(pī yuè)
3106:qī guǎn yán
941:Old Chinese
933:Min Chinese
382:instead of
160:Szuchuanese
158:Szechwanese
7397:Sichuanese
7391:Categories
7304:Wade–Giles
7203:Simplified
7098:Vernacular
7091:in Vietnam
6944:Simplified
6931:Biaoxingma
6878:Honorifics
6813:Historical
6758:Philippine
6748:Sichuanese
6675:Badong Yao
6379:Shao–Jiang
6250:Philippine
6058:Xiangxiang
6053:Shuangfeng
5798:Taizhou Wu
5581:Sichuanese
5210:Idu–Taraon
5164:Miju–Meyor
5057:Gyalrongic
4903:Tangkhulic
4678:Raji–Raute
4403:Historical
4354:Sichuanese
4213:2010-05-15
4183:《四川境内的湘方言》
3971:《西南历史文化地理》
3749:References
3712:Wade–Giles
3707:Sìchuānhuà
3589:television
3577:endangered
3255:啪啦(pā lā)
3233:嘎嘎(ga ga)
3010:Vocabulary
2786:/tɕʰie˨˩˧/
1251:(literary)
945:substratum
847:newspapers
397:Sichuanese
268:Sichuanese
153:Sichuanese
128:March 2020
98:newspapers
7242:Taiwanese
7232:Cantonese
7076:Classical
7036:Proto-Min
6971:Microsoft
6830:Cantonese
6806:Phonology
6787:Cantonese
6778:Singdarin
6763:Malaysian
6753:Taiwanese
6657:Rongjiang
6647:Yongjiang
6643:Southern
6628:Northern
6602:Luo–Guang
6511:Hong Kong
6506:Guangzhou
6462:Taiwanese
6455:Changting
6389:Zhanjiang
6303:Zhongshan
6270:Malaysian
6265:Singapore
6230:Zhangzhou
6182:Zhongshan
6075:Yong–Quan
5971:Jing-Zhan
5901:Xuancheng
5878:Jiangshan
5757:Changzhou
5678:Junjiahua
5531:Guanzhong
5414:Changchun
5309:Proto-Min
5240:Macro-Bai
5118:Arunachal
5111:(possible
4926:Boro–Garo
4830:Kuki-Chin
4813:and Indo-
4728:Arunachal
4715:Himalayas
4690:Tandrange
4657:Chepangic
4588:Dhimalish
4522:Himalayas
4470:Chongqing
4281:March 20,
4154:《湘方言词汇研究》
3698:Sicuanhua
3524:Guangzhou
3382:" (son).
3275:Yunnanese
3090:Pá ěr duo
3063:loanwords
3018:on which
2791:/tɕʰy˨˩˧/
2733:/tsai˨˩˧/
2655:Cantonese
2353:Chongqing
1690:Voiceless
1685:Fricative
1589:aspirated
1549:Affricate
1501:aspirated
1142:Chongqing
1094:5th tone
955:Phonology
901:sinicized
763:Longchang
731:Tuo River
661:Panzhihua
621:Chongqing
513:Guangdong
413:Chongqing
343:Glottolog
331:ISO 639-3
222:Ethnicity
215:Chongqing
188:Chongqing
7326:Bopomofo
7255:Phonetic
7247:Two-cell
7176:Clerical
7086:in Japan
7081:Adoption
7069:Official
7060:Literary
6935:Boshiamy
6912:Xiehouyu
6868:Numerals
6845:Mandarin
6773:Standard
6733:Standard
6607:Qin–Lian
6597:Yong–Xun
6582:Gao–Yang
6528:Jiujiang
6516:Malaysia
6450:Tingzhou
6401:Wenchang
6362:Jianyang
6352:Northern
6311:Sanxiang
6225:Quanzhou
6208:Southern
6177:Manjiang
6041:Changsha
6001:Nanchang
5996:Chang–Du
5893:Xuanzhou
5883:Qingtian
5837:Wencheng
5783:Jiangyin
5778:Jinxiang
5768:Shaoxing
5762:Hangzhou
5742:Shanghai
5683:Qinjiang
5591:Minjiang
5563:Xinjiang
5521:Dongping
5485:Jiaoliao
5424:Shenyang
5397:Mandarin
5114:isolates
5081:Mondzish
5009:Cai–Long
4757:Tshangla
4713:Eastern
4556:Tamangic
4526:Himachal
4520:Western
4514:branches
4373:Minjiang
4361:Dialects
3910:走进大山的志愿者
3607:See also
3470:Nanchang
3452:Yangzhou
3434:Changsha
3242:快(kuaì)
3226:软(ruǎn)
3220:勺(sháo)
3169:撵(nǐan)
3002:/tʂu˨˩˦/
2878:/xuən˨˩/
2873:/xuan˨˩/
2849:/ɕia˨˩˧/
2820:/tɕy˨˩˧/
2799:/tɕʰy˥˩/
2741:/tsai˥˩/
2333:Qionglai
2306:Minjiang
2288:Qionglai
1837:-i or -u
1388:Initials
1383:Initials
1216:Yingjing
1091:4th tone
1088:3rd tone
1085:2nd tone
1082:1st tone
771:Mianning
759:Neijiang
751:Rongxian
733:valley (
525:Japanese
482:Minjiang
388:Help:IPA
296:Minjiang
285:Dialects
258:Mandarin
7225:Braille
7186:Cursive
7136:Scripts
7003:History
6993:ZhengMa
6939:Cangjie
6905:Chengyu
6860:Grammar
6835:Hokkien
6792:Hokkien
6700:Waxiang
6680:Danzhou
6652:Guandao
6637:Younian
6632:Tongdao
6621:Pinghua
6561:Taishan
6477:Raoping
6445:Huizhou
6435:Meixian
6411:Banqiao
6384:Leizhou
6374:Pu–Xian
6369:Central
6357:Jian'ou
6332:Longyan
6280:Teochew
6217:Hokkien
6192:Nanlang
6148:Fu–Ning
6128:Changle
6110:Houguan
6101:Eastern
6048:Loushao
6036:Changyi
6018:Da–Tong
6013:Ying–Yi
5959:Yanzhou
5827:Wenzhou
5820:Oujiang
5811:Tiantai
5806:Taizhou
5715:Zhi–Yan
5662:Nantong
5657:Nanjing
5632:Gui–Liu
5622:Nanping
5617:Kunming
5543:Luoyang
5498:Qingdao
5470:Tianjin
5447:Beijing
5439:Beijing
5328:Italics
5189:Siangic
5170:Songlin
5149:Kho-Bwa
5127:Hrusish
5109:Dubious
5092:Loloish
5086:Burmish
5051:Qiangic
5022:Longjia
4989:Karenic
4983:Nungish
4963:Sinitic
4849:Hkongso
4811:Myanmar
4781:Gongduk
4745:Tibetic
4663:Chepang
4636:Magaric
4582:Kiranti
4562:Newaric
4465:Sichuan
4419:Scripts
4160:Press.
3942:《汉语方言学》
3542:Meixian
3488:Beijing
3416:Kunming
3354:) but "
3342:chúfáng
3334:) but "
3314:) but "
3298:Guangxi
3258:堆(duī)
3236:肉(roù)
3210:盐(yán)
3204:好(hǎo)
3185:号(hào)
3175:刨(páo)
3161:费(feì)
3155:左(zuǒ)
3141:歪(waī)
3074:xiongqi
2994:/tsu˥˧/
2965:/ta˨˩˧/
2944:/ʂu˨˩˦/
2915:/iɛn˧˥/
2886:/xəŋ˧˥/
2857:/ɕia˥˩/
2844:/xa˨˩˧/
2828:/tɕy˥˩/
2770:/tʰi˧˥/
2762:/tʰi˨˩/
2728:/tɛ˨˩˧/
2707:Meaning
2692:Example
2659:Hokkien
2348:Chengdu
2301:example
1450:Plosive
1428:Coronal
1100:Chengdu
1017:See why
861:scholar
793:History
767:Junlian
743:Weiyuan
739:Jingyan
735:Renshou
714:Shehong
710:Yanting
706:Xichong
702:Xichang
677:Ningnan
669:Yanyuan
665:Dechang
617:Chengdu
541:Tibetan
509:Jiangxi
494:Chengdu
455:Tibetan
433:Shaanxi
421:Guizhou
409:Sichuan
384:Unicode
253:Chinese
248:Sinitic
211:Sichuan
180:Chengdu
112:scholar
7294:Postal
7289:MPS II
7166:Bronze
7046:Ba–Shu
6966:Google
6961:Pinyin
6897:Idioms
6710:Yeheni
6592:Wu–Hua
6587:Goulou
6566:Xinhui
6543:Dapeng
6538:Weitou
6523:Xiguan
6498:Yuehai
6467:Sixian
6406:Haikou
6396:Hainan
6327:Zhenan
6293:Haklau
6288:Swatow
6260:Penang
6245:Taiwan
6240:Chawan
6187:Longdu
6156:Ningde
6133:Gutian
6123:Fuqing
6118:Fuzhou
6080:Qiyang
6063:Wugang
6008:Yi–Liu
5935:Xiu-Yi
5923:Ji-She
5873:Quzhou
5865:Chu–Qu
5855:Jinhua
5847:Wuzhou
5832:Rui'an
5773:Ningbo
5747:Suzhou
5637:Wuming
5608:Zigong
5596:Leshan
5558:Lanyin
5553:Dungan
5548:Xuzhou
5526:Gangou
5503:Weihai
5493:Dalian
5452:Taiwan
5419:Harbin
5202:Milang
5156:Puroik
5140:Mijiic
5064:Ersuic
5015:Caijia
4931:Konyak
4897:Meitei
4801:Chamdo
4738:Bodish
4724:Bhutan
4670:Bhujel
4617:Lepcha
4608:Lhokpu
4594:Dhimal
4539:Sikkim
4385:Zigong
4378:Leshan
4189:
4164:
4009:
3977:
3948:
3854:
3801:
3714::
3704::
3702:pinyin
3680::
3664::
3571:Status
3564:20.2%
3560:Xiamen
3546:27.2%
3528:27.4%
3510:36.4%
3506:Suzhou
3492:47.8%
3474:49.4%
3456:52.7%
3438:54.9%
3420:58.3%
3294:Yunnan
3252:逼(bī)
3191:摸(mō)
3147:巴(bā)
3098:" is "
3085:jiāyóu
3035:Ba-Shu
2998:master
2973:/ta˥˩/
2960:/tʰai/
2936:/su˥˧/
2931:/suei/
2911:strict
2907:/ȵian/
2882:across
2757:/tia˥/
2358:Zigong
2343:Luding
2338:Leshan
2328:Luzhou
2292:Leshan
2284:Luzhou
2262:, the
2246:iong 蓉
2167:uang 光
2076:iang 量
1803:Finals
1749:Voiced
1553:plain
1454:plain
1422:Labial
1409:and a
1398:and .
1338:Zigong
1264:Luzhou
1179:Leshan
1056:四川方言音系
863:
856:
849:
842:
834:
755:Fushun
747:Zigong
554:: the
488:, and
425:Yunnan
311:Zigong
301:Leshan
207:Region
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
7358:Nüshu
7062:forms
6976:Sogou
6923:Input
6797:Hakka
6735:forms
6575:Other
6533:Shiqi
6472:Hailu
6440:Wuhua
6427:Hakka
6345:Other
6320:Other
6255:Pedan
6170:Other
6161:Fu'an
6138:Matsu
6070:Ji–Xu
6028:Xiang
5978:]
5966:]
5954:]
5947:Qi-De
5942:]
5930:]
5788:Shadi
5734:Taihu
5688:Gyami
5671:Other
5627:Wuhan
5536:Xi'an
5475:Jinan
5133:Hruso
5029:Luren
5003:Kathu
4977:Tujia
4865:Taman
4836:Mruic
4823:Karbi
4764:Basum
4720:Tibet
4642:Magar
4568:Newar
4535:Nepal
3914:四川青年报
3877:中国交通报
3649:Notes
3537:Hakka
3429:Xiang
3332:zaovu
3302:Hubei
3282:Xiang
3059:Hakka
3051:Xiang
3047:Hubei
3045:from
3024:Xiang
2989:/toŋ/
2902:/ŋan/
2242:/yoŋ/
2226:üan 鲜
2222:/yan/
2163:/uaŋ/
2154:/uən/
2149:uan 段
2145:/uan/
2132:/uei/
2127:uai 乖
2123:/uai/
2072:/iaŋ/
2058:ian 变
2054:/ian/
2045:/iəu/
2040:iao 标
2036:/iau/
2029:iai 介
2025:/iai/
1980:ong 亩
1971:ang 帮
1813:vowel
1809:glide
1626:Nasal
1442:Velar
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