846:
Volume 56, Issue 5, 426-450 (1939). Institutional citations: Niels Bohr, from the
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, was at The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, when he collaborated with John Archibald Wheeler, at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Received
740:. The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Frisch is identified as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen.
348:. The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied
1114:
1109:
1119:
1104:
641:
1129:
305:
1124:
83:
761:
875:
Hentschel and
Hentschel, 1996, 369, Appendix F (see the entry for Nikolaus Riehl), and Appendix D (see the entry for Auergesellschaft).
1099:
804:
Siegfried Flügge: Exploiting Atomic Energy. From the
Laboratory Experiment to the Uranium Machine – Research Results in Dahlem
429:
Siegfried Flügge: Exploiting Atomic Energy. From the
Laboratory Experiment to the Uranium Machine – Research Results in Dahlem
1134:
1089:
46:. From 1941 onward he was a lecturer at several German universities, and from 1956 to 1984, editor of the 54-volume, prestigious
444:
353:
240:, the scientific director at Auergesellschaft, recognized a business opportunity for the company. In July 1939, he went to the
334:
461:
Mathematischen
Hilfsmittel des Physikers (Mathematical Tools for the Physicist), Dritte vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage)
185:
Also in 1939, Flügge published two influential articles on the exploitation of nuclear energy. From then he worked on the
283:
107:
1048:
1033:
1009:
686:Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle
1094:
548:
Lehrbuch der
Theoretischen Physik Band II - Klassische Physik I Mechanik Der Geordneten und Ungeordneten Bewegungen
287:
63:
356:
for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to
Germany. The reports are available at the
194:
499:
Rechenmethoden der
Quantentheorie. Dargestellt in Aufgaben und Lösungen. Erster Teil: Elementare Quantenmechanik.
796:
Die
Ausnutzung der Atomenergie. Vom Laboratoriumsversuch zur Uranmaschine – Forschungsergebnisse in Dahlem
690:
On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons
421:
Die
Ausnutzung der Atomenergie. Vom Laboratoriumsversuch zur Uranmaschine – Forschungsergebnisse in Dahlem
520:
Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik (in 5 Bänden). Band 1: Einführung - Elementare Mechanik und Kontinuumsphysik.
126:
361:
344:
262:
186:
43:
758:
597:
357:
269:
220:
The papers by Flügge on the exploitation of nuclear energy were an impetus for action. For example, the
291:
67:
182:, an assistant to Meitner, independently also predicted a large energy release from nuclear fission.
541:
Rechenmethoden der Quantentheorie;Elementare Quantenmechanik - Dargestellt in Aufgaben und Lösungen
862:
825:
412:
233:
142:
737:
310:
296:
214:
779:
Energetische Betrachtungen zu der Entstehung von Barium bei der Neutronenbestrahlung von Uran
440:
Energetische Betrachtungen zu der Entstehung von Barium bei der Neutronenbestrahlung von Uran
278:
91:
31:
527:
Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik. Bd. III: Klassische Physik II. Das Maxwellsche Feld. Bln.
1084:
1079:
609:
246:(HWA, Army Ordnance Office) to discuss the production of uranium. The HWA was interested.
179:
8:
613:
913:
806:
in Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator)
431:
in Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator)
257:
on theoretical physics during the winter semester. From 1941, he was a lecturer at the
171:
1044:
1029:
1005:
979:
189:; collaborators on aspects of this project were for a time known collectively as the
87:
1014:
Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator)
974:
953:
389:
969:
617:
250:
221:
198:
137:
1022:
949:
765:
709:
349:
321:
242:
206:
175:
163:
111:
39:
35:
95:
696:
Volume 27, Number 1, 11-15 (1939). The authors were identified as being at the
237:
1073:
983:
466:
1064:
751:
Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment
473:
2 volumes. 230; 198 pages. (Office of Military Government for Germany, 1948)
276:, the University of Göttingen. From 1947 to 1949, he had a position at the
159:
118:
27:
534:
Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik (in 5 Bänden). Band 4: Quantentheorie I.
1041:
German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949
471:
Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Rays: FIAT Review of German Science 1939-1946.
1028:(American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundations, 1996)
802:
No. 387, Supplement (15 August 1939). English translation: Document #74
427:
No. 387, Supplement (15 August 1939). English translation: Document #74
377:
Untersuchungen I und II über den Resonanzeinfang von Neutronen beim Uran
210:
858:
Kann der Energieinhalt der Atomkerne technisch nutzbar gemacht werden?
821:
Kann der Energieinhalt der Atomkerne technisch nutzbar gemacht werden?
408:
Kann der Energieinhalt der Atomkerne technisch nutzbar gemacht werden?
178:. Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939. Flügge and
730:
Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction
622:
133:
99:
902:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Flügge.
893:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Flügge.
675:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Flügge.
666:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Flügge.
657:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Flügge.
645:
303:
From 1956 to 1984, Flügge was editor of the 54-volume, prestigious
155:
71:
1026:
Stalin’s Captive: Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb
225:
151:
23:
478:
Theoretische Optik. Die Entwicklung einer physikalischen Theorie
1016:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
808:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
433:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
229:
167:
147:
926:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for
253:, despite Wilhelm Müller’s objection, Flügge lectured at the
785:
Volume 4, 274–280 (1939). Received on 22 January 1939.
449:
Volume 4, 274–280 (1939). Received on 22 January 1939.
370:
Zur spontanene Spaltung von Uran und seinen nachbarelementen
638:
Der Einfluβ der Neutronen auf den inneren Aufbau der Sterne
1002:
Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recording’s at Farm Hall
282:. From 1949 to 1950, he was a visiting professor at the
106:(KWIC, after World War II reorganized and renamed the
82:
From 1933 to 1935, he was a teaching assistant at the
956:
Handbuch der Physik, Band 1, Mathematische Methoden 1
416:
Volume 27, Issues 23/24, 402–410 (9 June 1939).
236:
on the technical use of nuclear energy from uranium,
158:; simultaneously, they communicated these results to
1115:
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
513:
Handbuch der Physik. Bd. 1. Mathematische Methoden 1
193:(Uranium Club). Some with whom he collaborated were
86:. From 1936 to 1937, he was a teaching assistant to
1110:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
562:
Practical Quantum Mechanics - Volume 1 and Volume 2
268:In 1944, Flügge was an ordinarius professor at the
84:
Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
595:
70:. He received his doctorate at the latter, under
640:Dr. rer. nat. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
459:Erwin Madelung, Karl Böhle, and Siegfried Flügge
58:From 1929 to 1933, Flügge studied physics at the
1071:
506:Handbuch der Physik. Bd. 7. 1. Kristallphysik 1
272:. From 1945 to 1947, he took a position at his
174:, correctly interpreted these results as being
1120:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
1105:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
962:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
485:Bücher der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
217:theory of nuclear fission published in 1939.
1130:Academic staff of the University of Freiburg
942:
1125:Academic staff of the University of Marburg
700:, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.
777:Siegfried Flügge and Gottfried von Droste
438:Siegfried Flügge and Gottfried von Droste
973:
621:
342:), an internal publication of the German
948:
866:Volume 27, Issues 23/24, 402-410 (1939).
829:Volume 27, Issues 23/24, 402-410 (1939).
395:
332:The following reports were published in
146:reporting they had detected the element
162:, who had in July of that year fled to
1072:
783:Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie B
768:. The paper is dated 17 January 1939.
487:(Wolfenbutteler-Verlags-Anstalt, 1948)
354:United States Atomic Energy Commission
132:In December 1938, the German chemists
719:Volume 58, Number 3, 263- 267 (1990).
94:. From 1937 to 1942, as successor to
928:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
497:Siegfried Flügge and Hans Marschall
490:Siegfried Flügge and Hans Marschall
480:(Wolfenbüttler Verlagsanstalt, 1948)
445:Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie
375:Kurt Sauerwein and Siegfried Flügge
335:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
224:had a substantial amount of “waste”
68:Georg-August University of Göttingen
1061:The Atomkeller-Museum at Haigerloch
757:, Volume 143, Number 3616, 276-276
736:, Volume 143, Number 3615, 239-240
555:Wege und Ziele der modernen Physik.
340:Research Reports in Nuclear Physics
297:Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
13:
713:Lise Meitner’s Escape from Germany
698:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie
596:Schlögl, Friedrich (August 1998).
327:
232:. After reading Flügge’s paper in
205:(literally uranium machine, i.e.,
108:Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
104:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie
14:
1146:
1054:
492:Rechenmethoden Der Quantentheorie
358:Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center
636:Siegfried Flügge, Dissertation:
288:Carnegie Institute of Technology
201:on the theoretical basis of the
64:Dresden University of Technology
1135:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
975:10.1090/S0002-9904-1958-10144-5
933:
920:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
850:
832:
813:
788:
771:
435:(Birkhäuser, 1996) pp 197–206.
284:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1100:University of Göttingen alumni
1090:20th-century German physicists
810:(Birkhäuser, 1996) pp 197-206.
743:
728:Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch
722:
703:
678:
669:
660:
651:
630:
589:
388:He was the younger brother of
259:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
249:In 1940, on the initiative of
127:Technical University of Munich
117:In 1938, Flügge completed his
38:and the theoretical basis for
1:
994:
838:Niels Bohr and J. A. Wheeler
362:American Institute of Physics
263:Humboldt University of Berlin
255:Technische Hochschule München
195:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
187:German nuclear energy project
123:Technische Hochschule München
98:, Flügge was an assistant to
60:Technische Hochschule Dresden
44:German nuclear energy project
26:– 15 December 1997, in
939:Walker, 1993, 268–274.
914:Siegfried Flügge (1912-1997)
840:Mechanism of nuclear fission
598:"Obituary: Siegfried Flügge"
279:Philipps-Universität Marburg
228:from which it had extracted
53:
16:German physicist (1912–1997)
7:
800:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
717:American Journal of Physics
576:Practical Quantum Mechanics
425:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
400:
10:
1151:
884:Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 13.
684:O. Hahn and F. Strassmann
292:Carnegie Mellon University
170:. Meitner, and her nephew
34:who made contributions to
569:Wege und Ziele der Physik
383:
77:
582:
453:
294:). Later, he was at the
270:University of Königsberg
209:). Flügge also extended
1095:Scientists from Dresden
863:Die Naturwissenschaften
826:Die Naturwissenschaften
764:23 January 2009 at the
571:(Springer-Verlag, 1974)
557:(Schulz Freiburg, 1969)
543:(Springer Verlag, 1965)
515:(Springer Verlag, 1956)
508:(Springer Verlag, 1955)
501:(Springer-Verlag, 1952)
494:(Springer Verlag, 1952)
413:Die Naturwissenschaften
379:G-185 (28 January 1942)
372:G-140 (27 January 1942)
318:Encyclopedia of Physics
234:Die Naturwissenschaften
469:and Siegfried Flügge.
396:Selected publications
140:sent a manuscript to
92:University of Leipzig
32:theoretical physicist
1021:Riehl, Nikolaus and
180:Gottfried von Droste
1004:(Copernicus, 2001)
694:Naturwissenschaften
614:1998PhT....51h..77S
306:Handbuch der Physik
286:and in 1953 at the
143:Naturwissenschaften
48:Handbuch der Physik
42:. He worked on the
22:(16 March 1912, in
1043:(Cambridge, 1993)
1018:(Birkhäuser, 1996)
1000:Bernstein, Jeremy
759:(18 February 1939)
738:(11 February 1939)
172:Otto Robert Frisch
856:Siegfried Flügge
819:Siegfried Flügge
794:Siegfried Flügge
574:Siegfried Flügge
567:Siegfried Flügge
560:Siegfried Flügge
553:Siegfried Flügge
546:Siegfried Flügge
539:Siegfried Flügge
532:Siegfried Flügge
525:Siegfried Flügge
518:Siegfried Flügge
511:Siegfried Flügge
504:Siegfried Flügge
483:Siegfried Flügge
476:Siegfried Flügge
419:Siegfried Flügge
406:Siegfried Flügge
368:Siegfried Flügge
166:and then went to
150:after bombarding
88:Werner Heisenberg
62:(after 1961, the
1142:
988:
987:
977:
950:Franklin, Philip
946:
940:
937:
931:
924:
918:
909:
903:
900:
894:
891:
885:
882:
876:
873:
867:
854:
848:
836:
830:
817:
811:
792:
786:
775:
769:
747:
741:
726:
720:
707:
701:
682:
676:
673:
667:
664:
658:
655:
649:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:10.1063/1.882353
593:
578:(Springer, 1998)
564:(Springer, 1971)
550:(Springer, 1967)
536:(Springer, 1964)
529:(Springer, 1961)
522:(Springer, 1961)
352:and sent to the
314:
251:Rudolf Tomaschek
222:Auergesellschaft
199:Fritz Houtermans
138:Fritz Strassmann
20:Siegfried Flügge
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1023:Frederick Seitz
997:
992:
991:
947:
943:
938:
934:
925:
921:
911:Karen Rae Keck
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
883:
879:
874:
870:
855:
851:
837:
833:
818:
814:
793:
789:
776:
772:
766:Wayback Machine
748:
744:
727:
723:
710:Ruth Lewin Sime
708:
704:
683:
679:
674:
670:
665:
661:
656:
652:
635:
631:
594:
590:
585:
456:
403:
398:
386:
350:Operation Alsos
330:
328:Internal report
322:Springer-Verlag
320:) published by
308:
243:Heereswaffenamt
215:J. A. Wheeler’s
207:nuclear reactor
176:nuclear fission
164:The Netherlands
80:
56:
40:nuclear weapons
36:nuclear physics
30:) was a German
17:
12:
11:
5:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1068:
1067:
1065:Waymarking.com
1056:
1055:External links
1053:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1019:
1012:
996:
993:
990:
989:
954:"Book Review:
941:
932:
919:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
849:
831:
812:
787:
770:
742:
721:
702:
677:
668:
659:
650:
629:
587:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
572:
565:
558:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
464:
455:
452:
451:
450:
436:
417:
402:
399:
397:
394:
390:Wilhelm Flügge
385:
382:
381:
380:
373:
329:
326:
238:Nikolaus Riehl
79:
76:
55:
52:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:0-521-43804-7
1046:
1042:
1039:Walker, Mark
1038:
1035:
1034:0-8412-3310-1
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:0-387-95089-3
1007:
1003:
999:
998:
985:
981:
976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
957:
951:
945:
936:
929:
923:
916:
915:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
865:
864:
859:
853:
847:28 June 1939.
845:
841:
835:
828:
827:
822:
816:
809:
805:
801:
797:
791:
784:
780:
774:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
749:O. R. Frisch
746:
739:
735:
731:
725:
718:
714:
711:
706:
699:
695:
691:
687:
681:
672:
663:
654:
647:
643:
639:
633:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Physics Today
599:
592:
588:
577:
573:
570:
566:
563:
559:
556:
552:
549:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
467:Walther Bothe
465:
463:(Dover, 1943)
462:
458:
457:
448:
446:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:
393:
391:
378:
374:
371:
367:
366:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
325:
323:
319:
315:
312:
307:
301:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
112:Berlin-Dahlem
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1060:
1040:
1025:
1015:
1001:
968:(1): 41–43.
965:
961:
955:
944:
935:
927:
922:
912:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
861:
857:
852:
843:
839:
834:
824:
820:
815:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
782:
778:
773:
754:
750:
745:
733:
729:
724:
716:
712:
705:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
671:
662:
653:
637:
632:
605:
601:
591:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
460:
443:
439:
432:
428:
424:
420:
411:
407:
387:
376:
369:
343:
339:
333:
331:
317:
304:
302:
295:
277:
273:
267:
261:(today, the
258:
254:
248:
241:
219:
211:Niels Bohr’s
203:Uranmaschine
202:
190:
184:
160:Lise Meitner
141:
131:
125:(today, the
122:
119:Habilitation
116:
103:
96:Max Delbrück
81:
59:
57:
47:
28:Hinterzarten
19:
18:
1085:1997 deaths
1080:1912 births
644:. Advisor:
309: [
74:, in 1933.
1074:Categories
995:References
844:Phys. Rev.
345:Uranverein
274:alma mater
191:Uranverein
66:) and the
984:0002-9904
608:(8): 77.
134:Otto Hahn
100:Otto Hahn
54:Education
952:(1958).
762:Archived
646:Max Born
401:Articles
360:and the
156:neutrons
72:Max Born
610:Bibcode
226:uranium
152:uranium
121:at the
102:at the
90:at the
24:Dresden
1047:
1032:
1008:
982:
755:Nature
734:Nature
642:(1933)
384:Family
230:radium
168:Sweden
148:barium
110:), in
78:Career
583:Notes
454:Books
313:]
290:(now
154:with
1045:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1006:ISBN
980:ISSN
213:and
197:and
136:and
970:doi
692:),
618:doi
265:).
129:).
1076::
1063:–
978:.
966:64
964:.
960:.
860:,
842:,
823:,
798:,
781:,
753:,
732:,
715:,
616:.
606:51
604:.
600:.
442:,
423:,
410:,
392:.
364:.
324:.
311:de
300:.
114:.
50:.
1036:.
986:.
972::
958:"
930:.
917:.
688:(
648:.
626:.
620::
612::
447:B
338:(
316:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.