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361:
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36:
720:. The hoopoe leads the birds, each of whom represent a human fault which prevents man from attaining enlightenment. When the group of thirty birds finally reach the dwelling place of the simorgh, all they find is a lake in which they see their own reflection. This scene employs a pun on the Persian expression for "thirty birds" (
787:
which the hero can use to call for her help by burning them. Later, the hero uses the feathers, and the simurgh carries him to a distant land. In the other tale, the simurgh carries the hero out of the netherworld; here the simurgh feeds its young with its teats, a trait which agrees with the description of the simurgh in the
786:
quotes two
Kurdish folktales about the bird. These versions go back to the common stock of Iranian simorḡ stories. In one of the folk tales, a hero rescues simurgh's offspring by killing a snake that was crawling up the tree to feed upon them. As a reward, the simurgh gives him three of her feathers
514:
The relationship between the simurgh and Hōm is extremely close. Like the simurgh, Hōm is represented as a bird, a messenger, and the essence of purity that can heal any illness or wound. Hōm – appointed as the first priest – is the essence of divinity, a property it shares with the simurgh. The Hōm
447:
as a winged creature in the shape of a bird, gigantic enough to carry off an elephant or a whale. It appears as a peacock with the head of a dog and the claws of a lion – sometimes, however, also with a human face. The
Simurgh is inherently benevolent. Being part mammal, they suckle their young. The
893:
describes how 'I hung out nuts for the blue-tits but the sparrows came, / All thirty of them / With a flurry of wings, / One mind in thirty vociferous selves...' eventually concluding that no 'wonder-bird' should be deemed 'more miraculous' than these 'two-a-farthing sparrows / Each feather bearing
628:
The child's cries were heard by the tender-hearted simurgh, who lived atop this peak, and she retrieved the child and raised him as her own. Zal was taught much wisdom from the loving simurgh, who has all knowledge, but the time came when he grew into a man and yearned to rejoin the world of men.
980:
482:
Iranian legends consider the bird so old that it had seen the destruction of the world three times over. The simurgh learned so much by living so long that it is thought to possess the knowledge of all the ages. In one legend, the simurgh was said to live 1,700 years before plunging itself into
448:
Simurgh has an enmity towards snakes, and its natural habitat is a place with plenty of water. Its feathers are said to be the colour of copper in some versions, and though it was originally described as being a dog-bird, later it was shown with either the head of a man or a dog.
503:). The plant is potent medicine and is called all-healing, and the seeds of all plants are deposited on it. When the simurgh took flight, the leaves of the tree of life shook, making all the seeds of every plant fall out. These seeds floated around the world on the winds of
656:. When it came time for their son to be born, the labor was prolonged and terrible; Zal was certain that his wife would die in labour. Rudaba was near death when Zal decided to summon the simurgh. The simurgh appeared and instructed him upon how to perform a
490:
The simurgh was considered to purify the land and waters and hence bestow fertility. The creature represented the union between the Earth and the sky, serving as mediator and messenger between the two. The simurgh roosted in
1773:
570:
19.51, 56–57). In Yašt 12.17 Simorgh's (Saēna's) tree stands in the middle of the sea
Vourukaša, it has good and potent medicine and is called all-healing, and the seeds of all plants are deposited on it.
886:
The
Simurgh is featured in Prince of Persia: The Lost Crown, a 2024 video game in which it indirectly grants the player character various time-manipulation powers used to progress in the game.
327:
2786:
949:
668:
467:, "thirty" has nonetheless been the basis for legends incorporating that number – for instance, that the simurgh was as large as thirty birds or had thirty colours (
712:
wrote of a band of pilgrim birds in search of the simurgh. In the poem, the birds of the world gather to decide who is to be their king, as they have none. The
964:
552:
wraps fortune/glory "around the house of the worshipper, for wealth in cattle, like the great bird Saena, and as the watery clouds cover the great mountains" (
1241:, is incorrect (noted by David Jacoby, "Silk Economics and Cross-Cultural Artistic Interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim World, and the Christian West",
1387:
619:, was born albino. When Saam saw his albino son, he assumed that the child was the spawn of devils, and abandoned the infant on the mountain
1199:
For example, fresco depiction of simurghs inside medallions (evoking motifs found on
Sassanid textiles) in the church of Tigran Honents at
930:
716:, the wisest of them all, suggests that they should find the legendary simorgh, a mythical Persian bird roughly equivalent to the western
1302:
549:
792:
629:
Though the simurgh was terribly saddened, she gave him three golden feathers which he was to burn if he ever needed her assistance.
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906:
272:
1448:
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2127:
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3090:
1449:"Flights of Imagination: How Birds Have Been Reinvented As Mythical Creatures Around The World — Object Lessons Space"
3176:
698:
In classical and modern
Persian literature the simorḡ is frequently mentioned, particularly as a metaphor for God in
430:
412:
849:
813:(1906) characterizes the Simurgh as "omnipotent on condition that it do nothing" and likens it to the role of the
795:. In another tale, simurgh feeds the hero on the journey while the hero feeds simurgh with pieces of sheep's fat.
511:, in cosmology taking root to become every type of plant that ever lived and curing all the illnesses of mankind.
3171:
408:
3191:
3166:
2148:
883:
as Laois contemplates various bird-like monsters. It is shown large enough to hold an elephant in its talons.
2348:
2143:
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1702:
1564:
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2080:
838:
704:
300:
872:
A Simurgh card from a fictional collectible card game serves as a major plot device in the sci-fi novel
2865:
2556:
2122:
1128:
3095:
3014:
2085:
986:
Simurgh platter. From Iran. Samanid dynasty, 9th–10th century CE. Museum für
Islamische Kunst, Berlin
809:
642:
3186:
3161:
1681:
404:
393:
20:
2117:
2190:
2165:
2095:
2044:
1695:
397:
351:
1772:
1657:
3196:
2997:
2921:
2112:
1065:, Chinese mythological bird related to the phoenix, whose name is often translated as "simurgh"
544:
It appears as a bird resting on the head or shoulder of would-be kings and clerics, indicating
205:
1527:
1474:
750:-speaking world, where the concept was conflated with other Arabic mythical birds such as the
3062:
2054:
1153:
743:
538:
675:
fights a simurgh, and despite the simurgh's many powers, Esfandiyar strikes it in the neck,
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3006:
2466:
2421:
2366:
2318:
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2049:
880:
632:
2536:
2401:
837:
Simurgh is the name of a proxy tool introduced in 2009 that helps residents of Iran avoid
316:
8:
2546:
2426:
2059:
1863:
1264:
1188:
1132:
1045:
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717:
484:
152:
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2800:
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2511:
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2411:
2227:
2183:
1947:
1881:
971:
548:
acceptance of that individual as his divine representative on Earth. For the commoner,
463:("thirty"). Although this prefix is not historically related to the origin of the name
144:
54:
1178:
Juan
Eduardo Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Courier Dover Publications, 2002, p. 253
855:
The
Simorgh is one of the creatures encountered by the protagonists in the 2006 movie
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it. The simurgh's offspring then rise to fight
Esfandiyar, but they, too, are slain.
347:
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175:
140:
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779:
709:
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195:
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116:
89:
43:
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2496:
2396:
1098:
845:
763:
660:
thus saving Rudaba and the child, who became one of the greatest Persian heroes,
365:
339:
331:
1292:
Volume II. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1996. p. 662. (In German)
1216:
For example, a row of simurghs are depicted inside the "Ağaçaltı" church in the
2931:
2926:
2769:
2759:
2328:
1962:
1957:
1906:
1848:
1718:
1624:
1598:
1388:"Journey in search of truth: Metaphorical story of Simurgh, sovereign of birds"
1268:
1104:
890:
825:
804:
788:
783:
621:
456:
346:), and can be interpreted as 30 birds. This plate depicts that interpretation.
211:
1351:
186:, and other regions that were within the realm of Persian cultural influence.
3150:
3100:
2648:
2356:
2100:
1876:
1787:
956:
2451:
1303:"Siramarg by Aram Sarkisian | Animators for Armenia | Animators for Armenia"
499:(Avestan: Haoma) Tree of Life, which stands in the middle of the world sea (
3075:
2599:
1967:
1952:
1921:
1911:
1843:
1838:
1807:
676:
258:
171:
148:
74:
2303:
2298:
869:
In the Yugioh card game, Simorgh is the boss monster of its own archetype.
652:
Upon returning to his kingdom, Zal fell in love and married the beautiful
2832:
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2711:
2313:
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2039:
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305:
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1977:
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1972:
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251:
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2003:
1937:
1916:
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1110:
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1056:
1033:
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728:
671:
in the latter's 5th labor. After killing the wicked enchantress,
278:
230:
2381:
3057:
2896:
2850:
2793:
2716:
2701:
2643:
2584:
2541:
2526:
2506:
2446:
2441:
2361:
2270:
2105:
1982:
1828:
1823:
1792:
1676:
1418:
1352:
Compareti (University of California, Berkeley), Matteo (2015).
1235:
Splendeur des sassanides: l'empire perse entre Rome et la Chine
1217:
1116:
1080:
1074:
1050:
1027:
830:
747:
713:
699:
661:
653:
243:
222:
2436:
2431:
862:
The Simurgh is the name of one of the Endbringers in the 2011
2906:
2901:
2886:
2706:
2658:
2516:
2476:
2406:
2386:
2371:
2024:
1998:
1901:
1886:
1802:
1797:
1599:"Trojan targets Iranian and Syrian dissidents via proxy tool"
1237:(Brussels, 1993) 114, 117–118, points out that the spelling
1092:
554:
496:
335:
239:
174:
art and literature and is also evident in the iconography of
1631:(2nd ed.). London: Faber & Faber Ltd. p. 340.
104:
2632:
2275:
2260:
2008:
1752:
1742:
997:
616:
558:
14.41, cf. the rains of Tishtrya above). Like the simurgh,
1528:
Quranic articles; Vegetables in Holy Quran – The date-palm
334:
Simurgh platter" (9th-10th century). Simurgh as a word in
323:
silver plate of a simurgh (Sēnmurw), 7th or 8th century CE
265:
is also a personal name. The word was lent to Armenian as
35:
1200:
1122:
1119:, Greek mythical creature with lion's body and human head
1068:
636:
Simurgh returning to nest to Zal and its chicks (detail).
612:
604:
294:) means "thirty birds" in Persian; this has been used by
107:
95:
455:", the first element in the name, has been connected in
350:
also mentions this interpretation in his poetic book of
1101:, Arab and Persian legendary bird, the opposite of Anqa
1000:, Arabian mythological bird identified with the Simurgh
1328:"Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development (KCRD)"
766:"). Representations of simurgh were adopted in early
233:
92:
912:
Simorgh on the reverse of an Iranian 500 rials coin
603:(Book of Kings), where its involvement with Prince
364:Ambassador with Simurgh design on his dress in the
101:
98:
894:the carelessly-worn signature / Of the universe'.
250:, as can be deduced from the etymological cognate
238:"the bird Saēna", originally a raptor, likely an
3148:
754:, a bird having some mythical relation with the
1233:A. Jeroussalimskaja, "Soieries sassanides", in
593:The simurgh made its most famous appearance in
541:that was the foundation of a king's authority.
471:). Other suggested etymologies include Pahlavi
1083:, A Legendary bird-spirit in Abenaki Mythology
1059:, Assyrian deity, bull/lion-eagle-human hybrid
879:A simurgh appeared in chapter 49 of the manga
731:, e.g. in Book VI, Story IX: "The nest of the
727:The phrase also appears three times in Rumi's
270:
2191:
1703:
1472:
1290:Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen
1125:, giant griffin-like bird in Jewish mythology
289:
203:
170:). The figure can be found in all periods of
1541:"The State of Research on Sasanian Painting"
1131:, bird in Russian mythology parallel to the
34:
1664:(June/July). Theosophical University Press.
411:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2198:
2184:
1771:
1710:
1696:
1655:
667:Simurgh also shows up in the story of the
261:", which also appears as a divine figure.
151:birds from different origins, such as the
2205:
1509:. Ames, Iowa: Omphaloskepsis. p. 468
1499:
1479:. Harvard University Press. p. 124.
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1155:Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
1077:, Slavic mythological double-headed eagle
1006:(older reading: Zû), Mesopotamian monster
646:, fol. 62v), Sackler Gallery LTS1995.2.46
431:Learn how and when to remove this message
1584:"Salman Rushdie: Critical Essays Vol. 1"
1222:Nouvelles églises rupestres de Cappadoce
686:
631:
573:
359:
326:
315:
1385:
1263:
1151:
778:Simurgh is shortened to "sīmir" in the
3149:
1476:The World of Persian Literary Humanism
1248:
773:
562:is also associated with the waters of
2179:
1691:
1658:"Simorgh — An Old Persian Fairy Tale"
1623:
1538:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1354:"Ancient Iranian Decorative Textiles"
1245:58 (2004): 197–240, esp. 212 note 82.
1113:, a related being in Slavic mythology
798:
739:" (as translated by E.H. Whinfield).
308:of which employs a play on the name.
229:. The Middle Persian word comes from
1416:
1095:or Pi Yao, Chinese mythical creature
1089:, winged stallion in Greek mythology
955:Painting of the Simurgh made in the
857:Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest
409:adding citations to reliable sources
376:
372:
1018:, Greek mythological hybrid monster
970:Imperial coat of arms prior to the
585:
290:
167:
156:
120:
42:Simurgh as the royal emblem of the
13:
2799:
2792:
2785:
1717:
1436:
1405:
1368:
1203:. P Donabedian and J. M. Thierry,
1053:, Turkish mythological hybrid bird
746:the simurgh was introduced to the
147:. It bears some similarities with
14:
3208:
1669:
1417:Nair, Nitten (9 September 2022).
1386:TÜFEKÇİ, ALİ (17 December 2020).
839:government censorship of websites
762:(the origin of the English word "
682:
533:) ("divine glory" or "fortune").
3131:
3130:
2960:Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)
2160:
2159:
1675:
1024:, mythological bird of East Asia
979:
963:
948:
929:
917:
905:
850:Fajr International Film Festival
834:(1975), is an anagram of Simurg.
640:—"Zal is Sighted by a Caravan" (
381:
88:
1617:
1591:
1576:
1558:
1532:
1521:
1493:
1466:
1419:"Simurgh : The Giant Bird"
1345:
1320:
758:, and further developed as the
607:is described. According to the
1295:
1279:
1227:
1210:
1193:
1181:
1172:
1145:
889:In her poem "Garden Simurgh",
515:is in addition the vehicle of
284:On the other hand, the phrase
1:
2969:Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)
1649:
1071:, Japanese legendary creature
1046:Hybrid creatures in mythology
2972:Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan
1656:Ghahremani, Homa A. (1984).
1187:For example, on the wall of
311:
189:
7:
3182:Persian legendary creatures
1220:gorge. Thierry, N. and M.,
1107:, Persian mythological bird
1012:, Persian mythological bird
991:
578:Zal and the Simurgh on the
475:("eagle bird") and Avestan
443:The Simurgh is depicted in
301:The Conference of the Birds
234:
10:
3213:
3157:Female legendary creatures
2966:Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid
2963:Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)
1207:, New York, 1979, p. 488.
1030:, Indian mythological bird
938:Nadir Divan-Beghi madrasah
898:
691:Simurgh from the works of
669:Seven Trials of Esfandiyar
139:) is a benevolent bird in
18:
3126:
3050:
2982:
2953:
2874:
2810:
2783:
2740:
2657:
2631:
2555:
2347:
2289:
2226:
2219:
2157:
2136:
2073:
2017:
1991:
1930:
1816:
1780:
1769:
1725:
1332:www.al-kindipublisher.com
1224:, Paris, 1963, pp. 84–85.
974:, containing Simurgh icon
298:in his symbolic story of
271:
257:(श्येनः) "raptor, eagle,
204:
70:
60:
50:
33:
16:Iranian mythological bird
3177:National symbols of Iran
1859:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
1500:Whinfield, E.H. (2001).
1275:. Costa Mesa: Mazda Pub.
1138:
1036:, Greek lion-bird hybrid
125:senmurv, simorgh, simorg
21:Simorgh (disambiguation)
2045:Three Persian religions
1152:Zhivkov, Boris (2015).
1042:, Iranian mythical bird
705:Conference of the Birds
537:in turn represents the
352:Conference of the Birds
3096:Rostam's Seven Labours
2975:Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)
2804:
2797:
2790:
1586:. Atlantic Publishers.
1567:The Devil's Dictionary
1473:Hamid Dabashi (2012).
1288:(1996). “śyená-”. In:
936:Decoration outside of
810:The Devil's Dictionary
702:. In the 12th century
695:
649:
582:
483:flames (much like the
369:
354:
324:
39:
3172:Mythological monsters
3091:Rostam and Esfandiyar
2803:
2796:
2789:
2149:Fire temples in India
1817:Scripture and worship
1243:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
1158:. Brill. p. 78.
848:is an award given by
744:cultural assimilation
690:
635:
577:
363:
330:
319:
38:
3192:Shahnameh characters
3167:Mythological hybrids
2547:Eskandar (Alexander)
2144:Fire temples in Iran
1931:Accounts and legends
1684:at Wikimedia Commons
1273:Encyclopedia Iranica
1265:Schmidt, Hanns-Peter
881:Delicious in Dungeon
708:, Iranian Sufi poet
405:improve this section
221:), also attested in
184:Eastern Roman Empire
19:For other uses, see
2018:History and culture
1864:Udvada Atash Behram
1539:Compareti, Matteo.
1453:objectlessons.space
1189:Samtavisi Cathedral
924:Simurgh at its nest
774:In Kurdish folklore
30:
3107:Khosrow and Shirin
2945:Other locations...
2805:
2798:
2791:
1948:Book of Arda Viraf
1882:Cypress of Kashmar
1565:"Rabble" entry in
1545:Humanities.uci.edu
1286:Mayrhofer, Manfred
1034:Griffin or griffon
799:In popular culture
710:Farid ud-Din Attar
696:
650:
583:
459:to Modern Persian
370:
355:
325:
40:
28:
3144:
3143:
3118:Persian mythology
3113:Bijan and Manijeh
3086:Rostam and Sohrab
2781:
2780:
2557:Female characters
2537:Rostam Farrokhzād
2482:Zangay-i Shavaran
2173:
2172:
1680:Media related to
1638:978-0-571-35202-9
1503:Masnavi i Ma'navi
876:, by Gibson Monk.
864:Worm (web serial)
770:art and coinage.
693:Attar of Nishapur
643:Tahmasp Shahnamah
507:and the rains of
441:
440:
433:
373:Form and function
348:Attar of Nishapur
296:Attar of Nishapur
141:Persian mythology
80:
79:
65:Persian mythology
55:Mythical creature
3204:
3134:
3133:
2755:House of Goudarz
2224:
2223:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2128:in United States
1869:Adur Burzen-Mihr
1775:
1712:
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1317:
1315:
1313:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1261:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1149:
983:
967:
952:
933:
921:
909:
828:'s first novel,
780:Kurdish language
658:cesarean section
647:
436:
429:
425:
422:
416:
385:
377:
293:
292:
276:
275:
237:
209:
208:
180:medieval Armenia
169:
158:
122:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
44:Sassanian Empire
31:
27:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3187:Roc (mythology)
3162:Legendary birds
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3122:
3081:Zal and Rudabeh
3071:Derafsh Kaviani
3046:
3018:of Shah Tahmasp
2978:
2949:
2870:
2812:
2806:
2777:
2765:House of Nowzar
2742:
2736:
2653:
2627:
2551:
2349:Male characters
2343:
2285:
2215:
2204:
2174:
2169:
2153:
2132:
2069:
2013:
1987:
1958:Story of Sanjan
1926:
1812:
1781:Divine entities
1776:
1767:
1721:
1716:
1672:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1629:Collected Poems
1625:Raine, Kathleen
1622:
1618:
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1606:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1577:
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984:
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922:
913:
910:
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846:Crystal Simorgh
801:
776:
685:
648:
639:
637:
591:
437:
426:
420:
417:
402:
386:
375:
366:Afrasiab murals
340:double entendre
314:
210:) derives from
192:
133:simoorg, simorq
123:, also spelled
91:
87:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3127:
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3123:
3121:
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3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
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2967:
2964:
2961:
2957:
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2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2932:Mount Damavand
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2866:White Elephant
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:House of Sasan
2767:
2762:
2760:House of Viseh
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
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2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
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2652:
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2637:
2635:
2629:
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2626:
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2615:
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2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
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2577:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2553:
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2549:
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2529:
2524:
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2514:
2509:
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2484:
2479:
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2469:
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2394:
2389:
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2369:
2364:
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2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2329:Humay Chehrzad
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Chinvat Bridge
1960:
1955:
1953:Book of Jamasp
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Khordeh Avesta
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Airyaman ishya
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Amesha Spentas
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1726:Primary topics
1723:
1722:
1719:Zoroastrianism
1715:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1671:
1670:External links
1668:
1667:
1666:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1616:
1590:
1575:
1557:
1531:
1520:
1492:
1486:978-0674067592
1485:
1465:
1435:
1404:
1367:
1344:
1319:
1294:
1278:
1247:
1226:
1209:
1192:
1180:
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1165:978-9004294486
1164:
1143:
1142:
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1135:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1105:Shahbaz (bird)
1102:
1096:
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1054:
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904:
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897:
896:
895:
891:Kathleen Raine
887:
884:
877:
870:
867:
860:
853:
842:
835:
826:Salman Rushdie
822:
805:Ambrose Bierce
800:
797:
789:Middle Persian
782:. The scholar
775:
772:
700:Sufi mysticism
684:
683:In Sufi poetry
681:
638:
590:
584:
539:divine mandate
531:kavaēm kharēno
457:folk etymology
439:
438:
389:
387:
380:
374:
371:
313:
310:
212:Middle Persian
191:
188:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3209:
3198:
3197:Phoenix birds
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
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3152:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3116:
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3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:Davazdah Rokh
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
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3027:
3025:
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3019:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:Great Mongol
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2987:
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2962:
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2898:
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2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:Koulad-Ghandi
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:Kharvazan Div
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2649:Mehrab Kaboli
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
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2563:
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2554:
2548:
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2540:
2538:
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2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:in Azerbaijan
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Adur Gushnasp
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1605:. 30 May 2012
1604:
1600:
1594:
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1573:
1569:
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1535:
1529:
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1469:
1454:
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1440:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1358:The Silk Road
1355:
1348:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
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1254:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1213:
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1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
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1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
982:
977:
973:
966:
961:
958:
957:Mughal Empire
951:
946:
943:
939:
932:
927:
920:
915:
908:
903:
902:
892:
888:
885:
882:
878:
875:
871:
868:
865:
861:
858:
854:
851:
847:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
827:
824:The title of
823:
820:
816:
812:
811:
806:
803:
802:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:
701:
694:
689:
680:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
645:
644:
634:
630:
626:
624:
623:
618:
615:, the son of
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
596:
589:
581:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
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528:
527:
522:
518:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
488:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
446:
435:
432:
424:
414:
410:
406:
400:
399:
395:
390:This section
388:
384:
379:
378:
368:, 648–651 CE.
367:
362:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:
318:
309:
307:
303:
302:
297:
287:
282:
280:
274:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:(and earlier
216:
213:
207:
201:
197:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
165:
161:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
112:
85:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3105:
3076:Babr-e Bayan
3064:
3063:Abu-Mansuri
3040:
3032:
3023:
3015:
3008:
3003:(or Demotte)
2999:
2991:
2845:
2774:House of Sām
2600:Banu Goshasp
2206:
2164:
1968:Frashokereti
1922:Atash Behram
1912:The Revayats
1873:Adur Farnbag
1854:Fire Temples
1844:Yenghe hatam
1839:Ahuna Vairya
1808:Angra Mainyu
1661:
1628:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1602:
1593:
1578:
1566:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1534:
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1513:25 September
1511:. Retrieved
1502:
1495:
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1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
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1391:
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1337:22 September
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
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1310:. Retrieved
1306:
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1234:
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1205:Armenian Art
1204:
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1183:
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874:Entanglement
873:
829:
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784:C. V. Trever
777:
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726:
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697:
677:decapitating
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477:saeno merego
476:
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427:
418:
403:Please help
391:
356:
299:
285:
283:
266:
262:
259:bird of prey
254:
235:mərəγō Saēnō
226:
218:
214:
199:
193:
159:
149:mythological
136:
132:
128:
124:
83:
81:
75:Ancient Iran
25:
3007:Baysonghor
2983:Manuscripts
2833:Div-e Sepid
2828:Arzhang Div
2813:and animals
2314:Kay Lohrasp
2309:Kay Khosrow
2123:in Pakistan
2081:Persecution
2040:Khurramites
1753:Persia/Iran
1738:Zarathustra
1733:Ahura Mazda
1609:21 December
1392:Daily Sabah
1307:BetterWorld
523:, Avestan:
479:("eagle").
445:Iranian art
306:frame story
248:sparrowhawk
3151:Categories
3026:of Rashida
2954:Structures
2927:Alborzkouh
2922:Mazandaran
2892:Zabulistan
2811:Creatures
2750:Kashvadian
2605:Gordafarid
2452:Esfandiyār
2324:Kay Bahman
2228:Pishdadian
2220:Characters
2086:in Armenia
1978:Hamistagan
1834:Ashem Vohu
1748:Vohu Manah
1650:References
1129:Zhar Ptica
972:Revolution
735:is beyond
673:Esfandiyar
564:Vourukasha
501:Vourukasha
166:(Persian:
162:) and the
155:(Persian:
145:literature
3065:Shahnameh
3041:Shahnameh
3033:Shahnameh
3024:Shahnameh
3016:Shahnameh
3009:Shahnameh
3000:Shahnameh
2992:Shahnameh
2990:Florence
2941:Kasa-Roud
2912:Ctesiphon
2841:Huma bird
2820:Akvan Div
2741:Clans and
2732:Biderafsh
2377:Kayanoush
2334:Kay Darab
2304:Kay Kāvus
2299:Kay Kawād
2266:Manuchehr
2208:Shahnameh
2074:Adherents
2055:Festivals
2035:Mazdakism
2030:Zurvanism
1943:Bundahišn
1758:Faravahar
1040:Huma bird
1022:Fenghuang
756:date palm
737:Mount Qaf
609:Shahnameh
600:Shahnameh
588:Shahnameh
580:Mount Qaf
526:khvarenah
505:Vayu-Vata
493:Gaokerena
473:sin murgh
421:July 2021
392:does not
321:Sassanian
312:Mythology
225:texts as
190:Etymology
3136:Category
3031:Windsor
2937:Tammisha
2861:Shabrang
2743:families
2727:Nastihan
2687:Afrasiab
2682:Garsivaz
2677:Aghrirat
2659:Turanian
2618:Katāyoun
2614:Manizheh
2610:Farangis
2580:Sindukht
2575:Shahrnāz
2472:Siyâvash
2467:Fariborz
2462:Faramarz
2457:Pashotan
2422:Gershasp
2417:Gostaham
2367:Shahrasp
2319:Goshtasb
2291:Kayanian
2281:Garshasp
2256:Fereydun
2246:Tahmuras
2236:Keyumars
2213:Ferdowsi
2166:Category
2096:in India
2060:Marriage
2050:Calendar
1973:Xrafstar
1897:Visperad
1892:Vendidad
1627:(2019).
1603:BBC News
1572:Dict.org
1269:"Simorg"
1267:(2002).
1010:Chamrosh
992:See also
819:republic
793:Zadspram
791:book of
752:ghoghnus
742:Through
722:si morgh
597:'s epic
595:Ferdowsi
546:Ormuzd's
521:khwarrah
517:farr(ah)
509:Tishtrya
332:Samanian
273:սիրամարգ
267:siramarg
252:Sanskrit
227:sīna-mrū
219:sēnmuruγ
61:Folklore
51:Grouping
3051:Related
3039:Davari
2917:Estakhr
2856:Shabdiz
2846:Simurgh
2672:Pashang
2667:Zadashm
2595:Tahmina
2590:Sudabeh
2570:Arnavāz
2565:Faranak
2532:Shaghad
2492:Goudarz
2487:Kashvad
2427:Nariman
2339:Dara II
2251:Jamshid
2241:Hushang
2118:in Iraq
2113:in Iran
2004:Kashmar
1938:Dēnkard
1917:Ab-Zohr
1793:Yazatas
1763:Avestan
1682:Simurgh
1662:Sunrise
1550:4 April
1458:23 July
1428:23 July
1423:Mythlok
1397:23 July
1312:23 July
1239:senmurv
1133:Phoenix
1111:Simargl
1087:Pegasus
1057:Lamassu
1016:Chimera
942:Bukhara
899:Gallery
768:Umayyad
733:sī murğ
729:Masnavi
718:phoenix
586:In the
485:phoenix
465:simurgh
413:removed
398:sources
336:Persian
286:sī murğ
279:peacock
231:Avestan
215:sēnmurw
196:Persian
176:Georgia
172:Iranian
153:phoenix
137:simourv
117:Persian
84:simurgh
71:Country
29:Simurgh
3058:Daqiqi
2897:Sistan
2875:Places
2851:Rakhsh
2722:Barman
2717:Houman
2702:Arjasp
2697:Shideh
2692:Tageuo
2644:Zahhak
2640:Mardas
2633:Tazian
2623:Azadeh
2585:Rudaba
2542:Barbad
2527:Zavara
2522:Gorgin
2512:Bahram
2507:Rohham
2502:Bizhan
2447:Sohrab
2442:Rostam
2362:Siamak
2357:Jamasp
2271:Nowzar
2106:Parsis
2065:Burial
2025:Parsis
1992:Cities
1983:Duzakh
1902:Yashts
1829:Gathas
1824:Avesta
1803:Daevas
1798:Ahuras
1635:
1588:Page v
1483:
1218:Ihlara
1162:
1117:Sphinx
1081:Pamola
1075:Oksoko
1051:Konrul
1028:Garuda
831:Grimus
815:rabble
748:Arabic
714:hoopoe
662:Rostam
654:Rudaba
622:Alborz
560:farrah
550:Bahram
535:Farrah
495:, the
469:siræng
304:, the
291:سی مرغ
255:śyenaḥ
244:falcon
223:Pazend
200:sīmurğ
182:, the
160:quqnūs
129:simurg
2907:Balkh
2902:Kabul
2887:Turan
2712:Piran
2707:Viseh
2517:Hojir
2477:Farud
2407:Qaren
2402:Qobád
2387:Arash
2372:Abtin
2137:Lists
2101:Irani
1999:Balkh
1887:Yasna
1507:(PDF)
1364:: 38.
1139:Notes
1093:Pixiu
817:in a
568:Yasht
555:Yasht
519:(MP:
338:is a
263:Saēna
246:, or
240:eagle
206:سیمرغ
198:word
157:ققنوس
121:سیمرغ
2882:Iran
2412:Tous
2392:Salm
2382:Kāve
2276:Zaav
2261:Iraj
2009:Yazd
1743:Asha
1633:ISBN
1611:2020
1552:2019
1515:2022
1481:ISBN
1460:2024
1430:2024
1399:2024
1339:2022
1314:2024
1160:ISBN
1063:Luan
1004:Anzû
998:Anqa
844:The
760:rukh
617:Saam
396:any
394:cite
344:Īhām
342:(or
194:The
164:humā
143:and
82:The
2497:Giv
2437:Zāl
2432:Sām
2397:Tur
2211:of
1570:at
1201:Ani
1123:Ziz
1099:Roc
1069:Nue
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764:roc
724:).
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407:by
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