356:
31:
518:. But he says that Alexander has described the land beyond to lie facing the south, and that after sailing by this for 20 days you reach the city of Zaba, and still saying on for some days southward but rather to the left you reach Cattigara. He exaggerates the distance, for the expression is
343:
scholars have returned to the idea as recently as the 1990s, but there remains no substantial evidence to support the idea.) The Great Gulf was finally dispensed with in all its forms as more accurate accounts returned from both the
985:
Cathay and the Way
Thither; Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China with a Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route
264:, therefore, removed Ptolemy's unknown shores from the Indian Ocean. The robustly-described lands east of the Great Gulf, however, were retained as a phantom peninsula (now generally known as the
431:
to include within
Ptolemy's reckoning of the Great Gulf. Those following Alexander's route from Zaba on its northern shore to Cattigara to its southeast consider it to be no more than the
960:
947:
295:
around 1406 and quickly spread the work's information and misinformation throughout
Western Europe. The maps initially repeated Ptolemy's enclosed Indian Sea. Following word of
914:
470:, hypothesizing that the Gulf of Thailand (if present) was represented by the smaller inlet on the eastern shore of the Golden Chersonese. Its Cottiaris River would have been
976:
45:
447:
164:
850:, Comptes Rendus du 15me Congrès International de Géographie, Amsterdam, 1938 (in German), vol. II, Leiden: Brill, §IV, pp. 123–128
814:
846:
Herrmann, Albert (1938), "Der Magnus Sinus und
Cattigara nach Ptolemaeus" [The Magnus Sinus and Cattigara in Ptolemy],
788:
526:. He says indeed that no numerical statement of the days was made because they were so many: but this I take to be ridiculous."
260:
1001:
937:
837:
1011:
179:
to mean "a few". Both
Alexander and Marinus's works have been lost, but were claimed as authorities by Ptolemy in
889:
Richardson, William A.R. (2003), "South
America on Maps before Columbus? Martellus's 'Dragon's Tail' Peninsula",
385:
413:
265:
110:
17:
1016:
368:
The details of the Great Gulf changed somewhat among its various forms, but the ancient and
Renaissance
400:
to follow
Ptolemy's reduced figures or even smaller ones, cartographers during the early phases of the
397:
308:
359:
A detail from a 1794 map showing the common identification of the Great Gulf with the Gulf of
Thailand
114:
106:
804:
872:
369:
209:
180:
79:
40:
825:
228:
288:
134:
320:
8:
475:
463:
332:
246:. African traders similarly showed that the coastline did not turn sharply east south of
142:
27:
Ancient cartographical feature known today as the Gulf of
Thailand and surrounding areas
902:
300:
933:
906:
833:
511:
494:, though common in the past, are credited little more than those placing it in Peru.
491:
487:
420:
389:
373:
304:
255:
236:
220:
203:
146:
102:
98:
1006:
965:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, Illustrated by Numerous Engravings on Wood
952:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, Illustrated by Numerous Engravings on Wood
919:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, Illustrated by Numerous Engravings on Wood
894:
868:
455:
436:
432:
401:
316:
296:
272:
118:
90:
35:
443:
927:
855:
Malleret, Louis (1962), "XXV: Oc-Èo et Kattigara" [Oc-Èo and Cattigara],
551:
539:
428:
424:
393:
292:
276:
216:
199:
195:
168:
94:
898:
467:
280:
224:
156:
65:
995:
809:
409:
405:
340:
324:
122:
818:, vol. 22 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 623–626
458:. Others ignoring the route as garbled but taking Cattigara to be the major
451:
191:
355:
768:
349:
345:
247:
243:
172:
803:
626:
972:
459:
312:
232:
187:
30:
515:
483:
381:
152:
331:, supposing that the 1st-century Alexander had crossed to a port in
163:
of his voyage. His account that Cattigara was "some days" sail from
336:
328:
284:
251:
160:
439:
471:
176:
392:
in having a strait southeast of the gulf communicating with the
479:
377:
138:
69:
61:
987:, vol. I, London: Hakluyt Society, pp. cxlvi–cliii
967:, vol. II, London: Walton & Maberly, p. 253
686:
954:, vol. I, London: Walton & Maberly, p. 698
921:, vol. I, London: Walton & Maberly, p. 570
490:
but identifications of Ptolemy's Cattigara with Han-era
186:. Ptolemy (and presumably Marinus before him) followed
159:
trader named Alexander, who returned safely and left a
832:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 292,
674:
650:
638:
583:
581:
427:
but differ in their considerations of how much of the
802:
Bunbury, Edward Herbert; Beazley, C. Raymond (1911),
722:
710:
662:
593:
568:
566:
578:
863:] (in French), vol. III, pp. 421–454
848:Géographie Historique et Histoire de la Géographie
828:, in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.),
242:, shown that the Indian Sea communicated with the
746:
734:
698:
605:
563:
993:
977:"Extracts from the Geography of Ptolemy. (Circa
510:"Marinus does not exhibit the mileage from the
376:and on the north and east by the ports of the
335:and safely returned. The idea was repeated by
787:d'Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon (1763),
786:
692:
155:had supposedly been reached by a 1st-century
419:Modern reconstructions agree in naming the
194:a landlocked sea, placing Cattigara on its
888:
773:Tē̂s Geōgraphías Hypotypṓseis en Epitomē̂i
680:
275:restored Ptolemy's Greek text and maps at
867:
632:
599:
545:
466:consider the Great Gulf to have been the
121:. It was then briefly conflated with the
854:
845:
728:
716:
454:which once passed the site to enter the
354:
198:. The expanse formed between it and the
29:
801:
767:
656:
644:
557:
299:'s circumnavigation of Africa, maps by
227:. By that time, Arab merchants such as
223:in the 9th century during the reign of
14:
994:
925:
823:
668:
587:
572:
959:Vaux, William Sandys Wright (1854b),
958:
946:Vaux, William Sandys Wright (1854a),
945:
912:
776:τῆς γεωγραφίας ὑποτυπώσεις ἐν ἐπιτομῇ
752:
740:
704:
450:would then be a former course of the
307:replaced this with a new form of the
287:). This was translated into Latin at
971:
611:
323:to conflate the Great Gulf with the
261:Book of the Description of the Earth
24:
25:
1028:
486:) had been the major port of the
175:to mean "numberless" days and by
34:The 11th Asian regional map from
932:, Singapore: Periplus Editions,
893:, vol. 55, pp. 25–37,
857:L'Archéologie du delta du Mékong
780:A Sketch of Geography in Epitome
435:, with Cattigara located in the
372:had it bound on the west by the
231:had begun regular commerce with
219:by a team of scholars including
929:Early Mapping of Southeast Asia
861:Archaeology of the Mekong Delta
830:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
795:The World Known to the Ancients
235:and, having passed through the
151:The gulf and its major port of
125:before disappearing from maps.
617:
504:
404:expanded the Gulf to form the
386:Medieval Islamic cartographers
206:"), he called the Great Gulf.
13:
1:
761:
884:] (in Greek), Alexandria
623:Ptolemy, translated by Yule.
548:, Vol. VII, §3 & 5.
533:
412:, considered to represent a
7:
963:, in Smith, William (ed.),
950:, in Smith, William (ed.),
917:, in Smith, William (ed.),
899:10.1080/0308569032000097477
10:
1033:
805:"Ptolemy: Geography"
560:, Vol. I, p. 53.
398:circumference of the Earth
363:
132:
128:
70:
1002:History of Southeast Asia
339:and others. (Some modern
311:, including details from
196:unknown eastern shoreline
115:Renaissance cartographers
876:
775:
497:
380:, chief among which was
1012:Ancient Greek geography
926:Suárez, Thomas (1999),
824:Glover, Ian C. (2005),
815:Encyclopædia Britannica
797:] (in Latin), Paris
309:Dragon's Tail peninsula
913:Smith, Philip (1854),
874:Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis
414:southeastern peninsula
360:
317:continuing exploration
49:
790:Orbis Veteribus Notus
358:
133:Further information:
46:Harleian MS 7182
33:
315:. As early as 1540,
215:was translated into
135:Sino-Roman relations
89:was the form of the
877:Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις
635:, Vol. I, §14.
143:Chinese cartography
1017:Historical regions
370:Ptolemaic accounts
361:
50:
980:
681:Richardson (2003)
512:Golden Chersonese
488:Kingdom of Nanyue
421:Golden Chersonese
374:Golden Chersonese
321:Sebastian Münster
305:Martin of Bohemia
271:Just after 1295,
254:as Ptolemy held.
237:Strait of Malacca
204:Golden Chersonese
147:Chinese geography
16:(Redirected from
1024:
988:
978:
968:
955:
942:
922:
909:
885:
864:
851:
842:
819:
807:
798:
783:
782:] (in Greek)
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
693:d'Anville (1763)
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
633:Ptolemy (c. 150)
630:
624:
621:
615:
609:
603:
600:Ptolemy (c. 150)
597:
591:
585:
576:
570:
561:
555:
549:
546:Ptolemy (c. 150)
543:
527:
508:
456:Gulf of Thailand
433:Gulf of Thailand
402:Age of Discovery
396:. Believing the
297:Bartholomew Dias
273:Maximus Planudes
119:Age of Discovery
91:Gulf of Thailand
88:
73:
72:
21:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1021:
992:
991:
940:
878:
840:
777:
764:
759:
751:
747:
739:
735:
729:Malleret (1962)
727:
723:
717:Herrmann (1938)
715:
711:
703:
699:
691:
687:
679:
675:
667:
663:
655:
651:
643:
639:
631:
627:
622:
618:
610:
606:
598:
594:
586:
579:
571:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
536:
531:
530:
509:
505:
500:
448:Cottiaris River
429:South China Sea
425:Malay Peninsula
394:Sea of Darkness
366:
293:Jacobus Angelus
277:Chora Monastery
258:'s influential
200:Malay Peninsula
149:
131:
95:South China Sea
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
990:
989:
969:
961:"Magnus Sinus"
956:
943:
938:
923:
910:
886:
865:
852:
843:
838:
821:
810:Chisholm, Hugh
799:
784:
763:
760:
758:
757:
745:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
659:, p. 624.
657:Bunbury (1911)
649:
647:, p. 625.
645:Bunbury (1911)
637:
625:
616:
604:
592:
577:
562:
550:
537:
535:
532:
529:
528:
502:
501:
499:
496:
468:Gulf of Tonkin
423:a form of the
365:
362:
341:South American
281:Constantinople
190:in making the
130:
127:
76:o Mégas Kólpos
71:ὀ Μέγας Κόλπος
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
986:
982:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
944:
941:
939:9781462906963
935:
931:
930:
924:
920:
916:
911:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
882:The Geography
879:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
844:
841:
839:9780198606413
835:
831:
827:
822:
817:
816:
811:
806:
800:
796:
792:
791:
785:
781:
774:
770:
766:
765:
754:
749:
742:
737:
730:
725:
718:
713:
706:
701:
694:
689:
682:
677:
671:, p. 71.
670:
669:Suárez (1999)
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
620:
614:, p. cl.
613:
608:
601:
596:
590:, p. 99.
589:
588:Suárez (1999)
584:
582:
574:
573:Glover (2005)
569:
567:
559:
554:
547:
542:
538:
525:
521:
517:
513:
507:
503:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:South America
407:
406:Pacific Ocean
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
357:
353:
351:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Pacific Ocean
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
266:Dragon's Tail
263:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
178:
174:
170:
167:was taken by
166:
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
140:
136:
126:
124:
123:Pacific Ocean
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
86:
81:
77:
67:
63:
59:
55:
47:
43:
42:
37:
32:
19:
984:
964:
951:
928:
918:
890:
881:
873:
860:
856:
847:
829:
813:
794:
789:
779:
772:
753:Vaux (1854a)
748:
741:Smith (1854)
736:
724:
712:
705:Vaux (1854b)
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
619:
607:
595:
553:
541:
523:
519:
506:
462:entrepôt of
418:
390:al-Khwārizmī
367:
327:west of the
270:
259:
256:Al-Khwārizmī
239:
221:al-Khwārizmī
211:
208:
192:Indian Ocean
182:
150:
84:
75:
58:Sinus Magnus
57:
54:Magnus Sinus
53:
51:
39:
18:Sinus Magnus
973:Yule, Henry
948:"Cottiaris"
915:"Cattigara"
891:Imago Mundi
826:"Cattigara"
769:Agathemerus
612:Yule (1866)
558:Agathemerus
350:West Indies
248:Cape Prasum
117:before the
996:Categories
871:(c. 150),
762:References
313:Marco Polo
244:open ocean
233:Tang China
210:Ptolemy's
188:Hipparchus
85:Great Gulf
80:anglicized
907:129171245
534:Citations
524:many days
520:some days
516:Cattigara
484:Guangzhou
476:Red River
444:Thoại Sơn
442:ruins at
416:of Asia.
388:followed
382:Cattigara
301:Martellus
225:al-Maʿmūn
212:Geography
183:Geography
153:Cattigara
97:known to
41:Geography
975:(1866),
464:Longbian
437:Funanese
408:west of
337:Ortelius
329:Americas
289:Florence
285:Istanbul
252:Zanzibar
240:en route
229:Soleiman
161:periplus
78:), also
1007:Ptolemy
869:Ptolemy
812:(ed.),
472:Vietnam
364:Details
303:and by
177:Ptolemy
169:Marinus
129:History
111:Persian
82:as the
36:Ptolemy
936:
905:
836:
492:Nanhai
452:Mekong
446:. Its
250:below
217:Arabic
202:(the "
145:, and
113:, and
981:150)"
903:S2CID
880:[
859:[
808:, in
793:[
778:[
498:Notes
480:Panyu
440:Óc Eo
378:Sinae
157:Greek
139:Daqin
103:Roman
99:Greek
66:Greek
62:Latin
979:A.D.
934:ISBN
834:ISBN
522:not
348:and
346:East
333:Peru
319:led
181:his
173:Tyre
165:Zaba
107:Arab
93:and
52:The
895:doi
514:to
474:'s
460:Han
291:by
279:in
268:).
171:of
56:or
38:'s
998::
983:,
901:,
771:,
580:^
565:^
478:.
384:.
352:.
141:,
137:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
74:,
68::
64:;
897::
820:.
755:.
743:.
731:.
719:.
707:.
695:.
683:.
602:.
575:.
482:(
283:(
87:,
60:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
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