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1943:'s report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms, conceding Howe's point about "concerted action". Rampant inflation had, however, eroded competitiveness, and devalued pensions, investments, and wages. Thatcher reminded him: "On your own head be it, Geoffrey, if anything goes wrong," commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship. Thatcher's point was that the vast increase in (indirect) taxation and government spending (notably in public sector pay) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences â which it did, as unemployment doubled. The financial policy tightened the money supply and restricted public sector pay, ultimately driving up inflation, at least in the short term, and unemployment in the medium term.
2125:. Howe supported the ERM because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability. She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell, a career diplomat who contrasted to Howe's mandarin-style. Howe remarked: "She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy." His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long, but many considered him her successor. One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally.
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2001:, which have led some US policymakers so far astray"; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howe's tenure. His macroeconomic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform. This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power. However, by the time of his last budget, shortly before a general election, there were early signs of a recovery, which Howe used to justify a tax cut.
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2160:. The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically â even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor, a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year. During his time as deputy prime minister, Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration, which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the
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2420:, the former MP, parliamentary private secretary, and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher. He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latter's memorial service after the IRA murdered Gow in July 1990. Obituarists noted how Howe was "warm and well liked by colleagues", with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him "as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics" who, according to
2324:, she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright. Subsequently, she withdrew from the contest on 22 November. Five days later, Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister. The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories, who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the
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Commonwealth Office, a job he had always coveted. When Lawson resigned, it looked like a natural reshuffle, but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle. When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen, he found that
Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it â the ERM had been Howe's policy. The pound sterling was thus pegged to the
2009:
feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether. We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill". Howe later stated that he had not advocated the "managed decline" policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need.
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in June 1989. Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign, but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head. Howe resented having to give up the state residence of
Chevening in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council. He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and
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Dexter a dragon Gules armed and langued Azure gorged with a collar compony Sable and Argent the Sable charged with a crescent Ermine the Argent with a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper holding in its exterior foreclaw a sword erect Argent hilt pommel and quillons Or sinister a winged lion Or armed
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and trade embargo, coupled with his deep concern over
Thatcher's strident style in Europe, increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos. 10 and 11. They began to drift apart on policy objectives with fatal consequences for the Prime Minister's ambitions. Thatcher's dominant style contrasted with
1977:
The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit, which at the time was ÂŖ9.3 billion (3.6% GDP), and controlling inflation, long-term interest rates would be able to decline, thus re-stimulating the economy. The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in
February
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believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it "would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support". Through a series of Bow Group publications, Howe advanced free market ideas, primarily
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to claim that there were differences only in style, rather than substance, in Howe's disagreement with
Thatcher on Europe, Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent. In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990, he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for
2008:
in
Liverpool in 1981, Howe had warned Thatcher "not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool", writing that "It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey. I cannot help
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within the
National Health Service. The report greatly impacted mental health provision in the UK, beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals. But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination, and Cripps Committee on
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in 1905–1916. With "the quiet determination" applied in the
Treasury, he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries, interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents. The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev, with whom he believed Thatcher shared
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was incompetently implemented, but it was the direction of
European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance. His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and
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that his intention was only to constrain any shift in
European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister, his speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later. Although Thatcher won the most votes in the
1928:. His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances, reduce inflation and liberalise the economy. The shift from direct to indirect taxation, the development of a medium-term financial strategy, the abolition of
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that the "government did not oppose the principle of a single currency", which was factually accurate - as its policy was that the 'hard ECU' could evolve into a single currency, but that a single currency should not be imposed - but contrary to Mrs Thatcher's emerging view.
2184:: "The trouble with people like Geoffrey â lawyers â they are too timid." On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983, there were heated exchanges of views in No. 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office. Howe was one of those who persuaded
1966:, who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time, remarking the budget had "no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence". Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere, including
1274:. They had a son and two daughters. At first, his legal practice struggled to pay, surviving thanks to a ÂŖ1,200 gift from his father and a prudent marriage. He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 and was a council member of the pressure group
2149:. In the reshuffle, Howe was also offered, but turned down, the post of Home Secretary. Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect, Howe's move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion, especially after Thatcher's press secretary
1978:
1983. Long-term interest rates declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983. The economy slowly climbed out of recession. However, already extremely high unemployment was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984, narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the
2413:. He was an honorary fellow of SOAS. From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution.
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I much regretted the departure of Sir Geoffrey Howe from his office and from the Government. Sir Geoffrey was an outstanding member of the Prime Minister's Administration since 1979 and his decision to leave reveals a fatal flaw in the management of our
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from 1964 to 1966 with a much-reduced majority. He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services, being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy. He was defeated at the
2066:"extraordinary chemistry." He later looked back on this period (1983â1985) as his happiest and most fruitful and productive, engaging with world leaders across the summit table, sharing decisions with Thatcher, including a notable encounter with
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Fundamentally we do believe in German principles of economic management and should be able to get ourselves alongside them ... pronounce in favour of ... providing greater stability as encouraging convergence on economic
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administrative issues, such as taxation and European integration. Howe represented a moderate position in the party, being educated, lawyerly, and diligent; while direct, he was conciliatory and collegial in style.
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Following his retirement from the Commons, Howe took on several non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia, including as an international political adviser to the US law firm
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instead of the US dollar. The consequence was that Britain's currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy â the option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992. But at the
1467:(IMF); at the time, it was the largest loan request the IMF had ever received. In 1978, Healey said Howe's criticism was "like being savaged by a dead sheep". Nevertheless, when Healey was featured on
1982:
of 13.5%. Some have argued that the budget, although ultimately successful, was nevertheless over the top. Specialist opinions on the question, expressed with 25 years' hindsight, are collected in an
1376:. More politically significant was working on the Latey Committee, tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age. In 1969, he chaired the committee of inquiry to investigate alleged abuse at
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Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Minister's overall handling of UK relations with the European Community. After largely successful attempts by
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Howe subsequently stated that the "last thing that people want to see here are clones of the clowns in the Commons", and served on the joint committee on the proposed legislation in 2002â03.
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2097:. However, Howe's tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues, first on South Africa, next on Britain's relations with the
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his emollience, patience and capacity for negotiation. Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986, when senior ministers almost forced her to resign, according to
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defied conventional economic wisdom by slowing the inflation rate during a recession. At the time, his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to
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2366:(1994) soon after. In the Lords, Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues and led opposition to the Labour government's plans from 1997 to
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belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment, saying that the title had no constitutional significance, at his lobby briefing the following morning.
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2401:, was made a life peer in 2001. The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were among the few couples holding titles in their own right. Lord Howe was a patron of the
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in June of that year. Following his retirement from the Commons, Howe took on several non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia. He
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In 1974, the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey, and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services. Howe contested the second ballot of the
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It's rather like sending our opening batsmen to the crease only for them to find that before the first ball is bowled, their bats have been broken by the team captain.
2105:. For his staff, Howe was a respected boss; mild-mannered, polite and courteous, he was assiduous in his attention to detail. However, the human rights questions over
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emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts â "I never succumbed ... to the mistaken interpretations of
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at the school and set up a National Savings group. He was also a keen photographer and film buff. A gifted classicist, Howe was offered an exhibition to
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into a largely elected body â a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012. He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015.
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The time has come for others to consider their own response to the tragic conflict of loyalties, with which I have myself wrestled for perhaps too long.
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the country's future. He criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her chancellor and governor of the Bank of England.
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Upon a howe turfed Proper a wolf courant Sable mantled with a fleece of a sheep sans head holding in its mouth a remnant of cloth Gules.
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2121:, both secretly threatened to resign over Thatcher's opposition to proposed British membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the
2215:, the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for "
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in 1986). In the following year, Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a "
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man" â Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication â Howe delivered a blow to Thatcher's government in full view of
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when Thatcher, on the advice of Harold Macmillan (who warned against including the Treasury), refused to appoint him to the
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to the Commons on 13 November. The speech was widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by
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2675:"Geoffrey Howe: One of the architects of the Thatcher revolution who became one of the primary factors in her downfall"
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1179:. He had one older sister, Barbara, who died of meningitis just before he was born, and a younger brother, Colin.
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1128:, giving Howe the role of deputy prime minister. He resigned from the government on 1 November 1990; in his
2061:, Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary, a post he held for six years, the longest tenure since
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and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his chancellorship.
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2809:. Report of the Tribunal appointed to inquire into the Disaster at Aberfan on October 21st, 1966 (Report).
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1380:, Cardiff. On Howe's insistence, the inquiry's remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with
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Documents released under the British government's 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the
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in 1945 but first decided to join the army. He did a six-month course in maths and physics. Then he did
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2712:(10 January 2019). "Howe, (Richard Edward) Geoffrey, Baron Howe of Aberavon (1926â2015), politician".
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2219:" of political and economic forces. Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for
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that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes. He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the
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Choosing a parallel career in politics, Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in his native
1448:. He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto
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discrimination against women, the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law.
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Conservative Association. The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their
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1124:, Howe was appointed foreign secretary, serving six years. In 1989, Thatcher replaced Howe with
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in October 1990, Thatcher was said to have exclaimed, in a fit of pique, "no, no, no" to the
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was elected as party leader. She saw him as a like-minded right-winger, and he was appointed
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and langued Gules similarly gorged resting its interior hind leg upon a clarion also Gold.
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and repeated the government's policy at Paris summit on 18â20 November. She also repeated
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in 1964, but lost his seat in 1966, returning to the bar. Howe became an MP again at the
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in Hampshire. Howe was not sporty, joining the debating society instead. It was during
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on 6 September 1982. Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the
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that on balance, it was probably better that he, rather than she, resign during the
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a few days later, which led to Thatcher's resignation and her replacement by Major.
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Howe (2 August 1999) abridged, "This House is built on solid ground", reprinted in
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Chequy Or and Azure on a chief per pale Vert and Gules a portcullis chained Gold.
2421:
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1952:
During Thatcher's first term, the government's poll ratings plummeted until the "
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Howe, "Sir Geoffrey Howe to Margaret Thatcher, 31 Oct. 1978, THCR 2/1/1/32", in
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4150:
2836:
2581:
2433:
Howe's dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of
2301:
2150:
1994:
1709:
1554:
1534:
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1113:
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in 1952 and practised in Wales, after which he was elected as the Conservative
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314:
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1228:
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and represented various constituencies in the House of Commons until 1992. In
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2709:
2467:
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2137:
was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary. Howe became
2094:
2090:
2038:
2005:
1754:
1683:
1663:
1633:
1589:
1569:
1564:
1526:
1372:, representing the colliery managers. He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan
1313:
1263:
597:
542:
420:
2806:
2405:
and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council. Howe was appointed a
2268:
and a packed House of Commons on 13 November. Howe later contended that the
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2336:
998:(20 December 1926 â 9 October 2015), known from 1970 to 1992 as
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4771:
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4643:
4084:
The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945â1990
4079:
3383:"Watch Margaret Thatcher Explain Why the Euro Is a Terrible Idea in 1990"
2181:
2177:
2022:
1990:
1807:
1801:
1574:
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1393:
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801:
358:
238:
4265:
Thatcher's Britain: The Politics and Social Upheaval of the Thatcher Era
3784:"Contributions to the Expert Witness & Legal Professions Recognised"
3753:
2925:"Letters patent appointing Geoffrey Howe as Chancellor of the Exchequer"
1859:
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7059:
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4788:
2506:
Three howes turfed with daffodils and sprigs of oak fructed all Proper.
2260:
Howe tendered his resignation on 1 November 1990. Sometimes mocked as "
2134:
1579:
1544:
1125:
1108:
Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer upon Thatcher's victory in the
894:
250:
63:
4453:
3476:"Geoffrey Howe, the close cabinet ally who became Thatcher's assassin"
2284:
He offered a cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe:
1424:
membership, a post he held until Labour was returned to government in
8097:
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
7743:
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Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984
1962:
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in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster. Howe had told
7945:
7130:
2449:
2349:
2156:
Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretary's country residence
1250:
at Trinity Hall in 1948, where he read law and was chairman of the
818:
3712:. Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council. 10 October 2015.
376:
Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Services
8032:
British Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
4463:
3511:
3417:
2940:
2897:
2417:
2387:
2261:
1823:
1275:
7473:
3919:"Dead Sheep review â extremely entertaining bellwether politics"
3297:"Yes, Prime Minister: Why we will never be without spin doctors"
2093:, mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President
1266:
in 1952 and practised in Wales. On 28 August 1953, Howe married
1222:
in East Africa, by his own account giving political lectures in
7695:
4457:
2970:(Press release). Institute of Economic Affairs. 13 March 2006.
2901:. Vol. 951. House of Commons. 14 June 1978. col. 1027
1226:
about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to "
2344:
Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a
3660:"Former chancellor Geoffrey Howe retires from House of Lords"
3604:"House of Lords reform: Tory grandees turn on David Cameron"
1186:: at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion, followed by
2200:
and the proposed Delors Plan (Thatcher having accepted the
1155:
in May 2015 and died in October of the same year, aged 88.
1045:, Wales, Howe was educated at Bridgend Preparatory School,
458:
Minister of State for Trade and Consumer Affairs
7805:
Shadow Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
3103:"Toxteth riots: Howe proposed 'managed decline' for city"
2292:
He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues:
3507:"Address in reply to Her Majesty's most gracious Speech"
2533:
Clegg was chairman for the Pay Comparability Commission.
4779:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
3504:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
206:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
8167:
Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014
8042:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
3979:"Baron Howe of Aberavon interviewed by Mike Greenwood"
3243:
2807:"Appendix A â Parties and their legal representatives"
2787:
2577:"Devolution (Time) Bill [HL] â Second Reading"
1368:
Howe returned to the bar. He participated in the 1966
1308:
from 1960 to 1962. In 1958, he co-authored the report
1038:
that led to Thatcher's resignation three weeks later.
8062:
Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
3815:"Remembering Ian Gow MP, murdered 25 years ago today"
2452:, Warwickshire, on 9 October 2015, at the age of 88.
2085:, and developed a good working relationship with the
1324:
discouraged the authors from publicising the report.
4206:
British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary
4187:
The Chancellors' Tales: Managing the British Economy
4009:"Ex-Tory chancellor Lord Geoffrey Howe dies aged 88"
3319:
2117:
In June 1989, Howe and his successor as chancellor,
1463:
had requested a loan of $ 3.9 billion from the
1242:
Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a
976:
Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon
6599:
3421:. House of Commons. 13 November 1990. col. 461
3231:
3219:
3080:
8082:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
8037:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
4102:
3890:
3846:
1388:He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for
4218:Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands
2645:
8077:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
7978:
5093:
3207:
2841:"Why the Ely inquiry changed healthcare forever"
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2601:
79:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3048:
2407:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
2313:Although Howe subsequently wrote in his memoir
4398:
1915:
1473:in 1989, Howe appeared and paid warm tribute.
7789:
7681:
7489:
7146:
6585:
6000:
5079:
4883:
3337:Ridley, "Interview with Sir Adam Ridley", in
2750:
2448:Howe died from a heart attack at his home in
2196:in 1987, Howe spelt out his position for the
2192:in 1986. At the Scottish Party Conference in
2180:. During his first budget, Thatcher wrote to
2167:
1896:
1396:from 1974 to 1992. In 1970, he was appointed
1252:Cambridge University Conservative Association
1147:Howe retired as an MP in 1992 and was made a
8052:Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom
4546:
4469:contributions in Parliament by Geoffrey Howe
4155:Modernity Britain: Opening the Box 1957â1959
3534:
3532:
3530:
3097:
3095:
2919:
2718:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2397:His wife, Elspeth, a former chairman of the
2172:Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the
1053:, and â after serving in the army as a
1018:minister, successively holding the posts of
7698:1975 Conservative Party leadership election
4806:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3505:Lord Cledwyn of Penrhos (7 November 1990).
3466:
3464:
3462:
1158:
1004:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7796:
7782:
7688:
7674:
7496:
7482:
7153:
7139:
6592:
6578:
6007:
5993:
5086:
5072:
4890:
4876:
4480:
4416:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3949:"Oral history: HOWE, Geoffrey (1926â2015)"
3913:
3061:(Report). Institute for Economic Affairs.
2441:. Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of
1903:
1889:
1278:. A high-earning barrister, he was made a
62:
6023:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
4381:
4269:. Simon & Schuster (published 2013).
4239:Contemporary Britain: A Survey With Texts
4203:
3710:"The Rt Hon The Lord Howe of Aberavon QC"
3527:
3380:
3092:
2835:
2744:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
1342:
1002:, was a British politician who served as
637:28 February 1974 â 16 March 1992
388:11 March 1974 â 18 February 1975
8107:Solicitors general for England and Wales
5974:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
4424:
4317:Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality
4149:
4056:
3734:
3688:
3568:
3470:
3459:
3441:"Geoffrey Howe's most celebrated quotes"
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3023:
2871:
2793:
2335:
2128:
2044:
2032:
2016:
727:15 October 1964 â 10 March 1966
4682:Solicitor General for England and Wales
4352:
4336:Margaret Thatcher: Everything She Wants
4234:
4220:. Vol. 1. Knopf Publishing Group.
3941:
3634:"Retired members of the House of Lords"
3589:
3433:
3291:
3179:
2992:
2771:. London. 12 October 2015. p. 29.
2715:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2708:
1132:, he criticised Thatcher's handling of
682:18 June 1970 â 8 February 1974
522:23 June 1970 â 5 November 1972
510:Solicitor General for England and Wales
470:5 November 1972 â 4 March 1974
166:24 July 1989 â 1 November 1990
91:24 July 1989 â 1 November 1990
14:
8172:People from Stratford-on-Avon District
7979:
6030:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
4311:
4292:
4171:
3971:
3959:from the original on 24 September 2015
3877:
3812:
3742:(Supplement). 15 June 1996. p. 5.
3614:from the original on 29 September 2021
3393:from the original on 29 September 2021
3352:"Thatcher and her tussles with Europe"
3036:from the original on 29 September 2021
2704:
2702:
2700:
2685:from the original on 24 September 2019
2672:
2657:
2633:from the original on 24 September 2015
2543:
2392:School of Oriental and African Studies
2304:, the Labour leader in the Lords, said
1476:
854:
340:18 February 1975 â 4 May 1979
8087:People educated at Winchester College
7777:
7669:
7477:
7134:
6573:
6546:Category:British Secretaries of State
5988:
5067:
4871:
4545:
4404:Post-War Britain, A Political History
4333:
4257:
4212:
4001:
3540:"1992: Tories win again against odds"
3338:
3325:
3195:from the original on 26 November 2018
3113:from the original on 28 December 2018
3068:from the original on 17 December 2019
3024:Flanders, Stephanie (14 March 2006).
3005:from the original on 4 September 2010
2954:
2724:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110802
2589:from the original on 27 February 2019
1920:With the Conservative victory in the
1459:, Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer
1455:At the same time, in response to the
1438:1975 Conservative leadership election
1136:and further attacked Thatcher in his
7160:
6500:Commonwealth and Development Affairs
4127:
4100:
4078:
3859:from the original on 30 October 2016
3670:from the original on 4 December 2020
3601:
3447:. Press Association. 10 October 2015
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3086:
2974:from the original on 25 October 2015
2817:from the original on 1 November 2020
2775:from the original on 10 October 2016
2651:
2607:
2361:
2314:
2213:Madrid inter-governmental conference
2133:In July 1989, the then little-known
2012:
1190:in Worcestershire and by winning an
1097:'s victory in 1974, Howe became the
218:11 June 1983 â 24 July 1989
7997:20th-century British Army personnel
4208:. University of Huddersfield Press.
4019:from the original on 7 October 2018
3307:from the original on 8 January 2020
2853:from the original on 14 August 2020
2697:
1006:from 1989 to 1990. A member of the
614:30 June 1992 â 19 May 2015
24:
8162:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
8047:Conservative Party (UK) life peers
4714:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
4285:
3716:from the original on 26 April 2021
3550:from the original on 22 April 2009
3486:from the original on 30 March 2019
3381:Weissmann, Jordan (8 April 2013).
3362:from the original on 26 March 2019
3273:from the original on 22 March 2017
2995:"What Was the Interest Rate Then?"
2512:Tibi Fidelis (To Yourself Be True)
2473:
2466:
1446:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
1103:Margaret Thatcher's shadow cabinet
1099:shadow chancellor of the Exchequer
328:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
270:4 May 1979 â 11 June 1983
25:
8183:
8022:British people of Cornish descent
8012:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
7503:
4478:National Portrait Gallery, London
4447:
4319:. Continuum book: A&C Black.
3989:from the original on 5 March 2017
3929:from the original on 8 April 2015
3827:from the original on 9 April 2019
3813:Lexden, Alistair (30 July 2015).
3640:from the original on 8 March 2019
2399:Broadcasting Standards Commission
2348:on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of
2021:Howe (left) in conversation with
1450:The Right Approach to the Economy
1431:
1335:, which was later to be known as
1296:, losing in what was a very safe
8112:Welsh people of Scottish descent
7654:
7462:
6552:
6541:
6540:
6375:
6016:
4975:
4899:
4559:Parliament of the United Kingdom
4062:Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady
3883:"Chancellor who turned UK round"
3515:. House of Commons. col. 12
3185:"Lord Howe of Aberavon obituary"
3026:"Were all 364 economists wrong?"
2968:"Were 364 Economists All Wrong?"
2673:Barnes, John (11 October 2015).
2087:United States Secretary of State
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1500:
1414:Department of Trade and Industry
926:
8102:Royal Corps of Signals officers
8002:20th-century British memoirists
6601:Leaders of the House of Commons
6498:Secretary of State for Foreign,
4031:
3907:
3871:
3839:
3806:
3776:
3764:from the original on 1 May 2019
3746:
3728:
3702:
3682:
3652:
3626:
3595:
3582:
3562:
3512:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3498:
3418:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3405:
3374:
3344:
3331:
3285:
3255:
3173:
3017:
2986:
2960:
2947:
2913:
2898:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2885:
2865:
2829:
2799:
2549:
2536:
2527:
2164:, as a "listening government".
1972:Governor of the Bank of England
1939:, promised to honour Professor
1786:Libertarianism (United Kingdom)
1153:retired from the House of Lords
850:
8067:Lord Presidents of the Council
6385:Secretary of State for Foreign
4833:Leader of the House of Commons
4049:
3056:Were 364 Economists All Wrong?
2881:. 6 August 1970. p. 8679.
2613:
2569:
2461:Coat of arms of Geoffrey Howe
2394:(SOAS), University of London.
2326:general election in April 1992
2255:
2245:(a former Labour MP) on ITV's
2139:Leader of the House of Commons
2079:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1347:
1254:, and on the committee of the
1028:leader of the House of Commons
146:Leader of the House of Commons
27:British politician (1926â2015)
13:
1:
4852:Lord President of the Council
3983:British Library Sound Archive
3698:. 13 July 2001. p. 8309.
3578:. 3 June 1992. p. 11255.
2993:Officer, Lawrence H. (2008).
2562:
2546:, p. 123) and preceding.
2331:
2143:Lord President of the Council
1984:Institute of Economic Affairs
1775:Conservatism (United Kingdom)
1740:Institute of Economic Affairs
1408:. He was responsible for the
1300:seat. He helped to found the
1032:lord president of the Council
446:1970–1974
151:Lord President of the Council
7766:*Withdrew after first ballot
5095:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2732:UK public library membership
1331:inspired by the thinking of
1061:, where he read law. He was
1030:, deputy prime minister and
789:Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe
589:Member of the House of Lords
7:
8157:British Home Guard soldiers
8007:20th-century King's Counsel
6643:Vacant (caretaker ministry)
4760:Second Lord of the Treasury
4741:Chancellor of the Exchequer
4425:Thatcher, Margaret (2012).
4338:. Vol. 2. Allen Lane.
2416:Howe was a close friend of
2360:. He published his memoirs
1935:The first of five budgets,
1926:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1916:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1465:International Monetary Fund
1020:chancellor of the Exchequer
444:Junior ministerial offices
258:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
8188:
4474:Portraits of Geoffrey Howe
3602:Helm, Toby (7 July 2012).
2765:"Geoffrey Howe â obituary"
2542:As noted, for example, by
2368:convert the second chamber
2266:Prime Minister's Questions
2168:Relationship with Thatcher
2072:end of Communism in Europe
1202:, so he was active in the
7811:
7764:
7717:
7705:
7652:
7511:
7460:
7168:
6607:
6535:
6497:
6384:
6373:
6029:
5969:
5565:
5369:
5101:
4985:Others fitting definition
4984:
4973:
4916:
4849:
4839:
4830:
4822:
4812:
4803:
4795:
4785:
4776:
4768:
4757:
4747:
4738:
4730:
4720:
4711:
4703:
4698:
4688:
4679:
4671:
4666:
4656:
4642:Member of Parliament for
4640:
4632:
4622:
4608:Member of Parliament for
4606:
4598:
4588:
4574:Member of Parliament for
4572:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4358:"The Thatcher Government"
4204:Laybourne, Keith (2014).
3953:The History of Parliament
3263:"Obituary: Geoffrey Howe"
2626:The History of Parliament
2621:"Howe, Geoffrey (b.1926)"
2445:'s oral history project.
2443:The History of Parliament
1877:United Kingdom portal
1853:Libertarianism portal
1720:Centre for Policy Studies
1595:Property-owning democracy
1382:intellectual disabilities
1370:Aberfan Disaster Tribunal
1182:He was educated at three
1163:Howe was born in 1926 at
969:
959:
949:
939:
934:
922:
905:
893:
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864:
835:
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211:
204:
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141:
128:
107:
95:
84:
77:
73:
61:
41:The Lord Howe of Aberavon
34:
8072:Members of the Bow Group
6387:and Commonwealth Affairs
4547:Offices and distinctions
4428:The Downing Street Years
4293:Abbott, Stephen (1991).
4189:. London: Polity Press.
4178:"Changing the Consensus"
4064:. Vol. 2. Pimlico.
2520:
2239:the "no, no, no" message
2123:European Monetary System
1725:Conservative Way Forward
1410:Industrial Relations Act
1159:Early life and education
8092:People from Port Talbot
4537:(subscription required)
4525:(subscription required)
4495:(subscription required)
4334:Moore, Charles (2015).
4101:Howe, Geoffrey (1994).
3848:"Lord Howe of Aberavon"
3754:"SOAS Honorary Fellows"
2455:
2107:South African sanctions
2101:, and then in 1985 the
2049:Howe with US president
2037:Howe with US president
1841:Conservatism portal
1735:The Heritage Foundation
1730:The Freedom Association
1256:Cambridge Union Society
1208:Trinity Hall, Cambridge
1059:Trinity Hall, Cambridge
900:University of Cambridge
821:, Warwickshire, England
8027:British King's Counsel
7444:Lord Young of Graffham
4906:Deputy prime ministers
4297:. The Pentland Press.
4295:And all My War is Done
4235:Oakland, John (2002).
4157:. London: Bloomsbury.
2478:
2471:
2341:
2311:
2298:
2290:
2198:European single market
2054:
2042:
2030:
2027:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
1950:
1560:Gladstonian liberalism
1404:'s government and was
1392:from 1970 to 1974 and
1343:Early political career
1227:
1220:Royal Corps of Signals
1134:relations with the EEC
964:Royal Corps of Signals
578:Parliamentary offices
8152:Spouses of life peers
7551:Sir Alec Douglas-Home
7409:Norman St John-Stevas
6558:Portal:United Kingdom
5111:Eustace of Fauconberg
4402:; Chris Cook (1984).
4368:(5917). London: 458.
4243:. London: Routledge.
4109:. London: Macmillan.
2477:
2470:
2403:UK Metric Association
2339:
2306:
2294:
2286:
2206:Federalist Superstate
2147:Deputy Prime Minister
2129:Deputy prime minister
2103:Anglo-Irish Agreement
2059:1983 general election
2048:
2036:
2020:
1995:macro-economic policy
1970:who later became the
1945:
1922:1979 general election
1829:Capitalism portal
1585:Supply-side economics
1416:, with a seat in the
1363:1966 general election
1320:should be curtailed.
1122:1983 general election
1110:1979 general election
1075:1970 general election
114:The Viscount Whitelaw
4041:. 2003. p. 820.
3788:academyofexperts.org
3413:"Personal Statement"
3109:. 30 December 2011.
2893:"Economic Situation"
2811:Durham Mining Museum
1780:Economic rationalism
1745:Mont Pelerin Society
1457:1976 sterling crisis
1235:"; and also climbed
1188:Abberley Hall School
1067:member of Parliament
1047:Abberley Hall School
1036:leadership challenge
880:Abberley Hall School
711:Member of Parliament
666:Member of Parliament
620:Member of Parliament
37:The Right Honourable
4602:John Vaughan-Morgan
4374:1983Natur.303..458.
4105:Conflict of Loyalty
4015:. 10 October 2015.
3915:Billington, Michael
3881:(11 October 2015).
3855:. 11 October 2015.
3474:(10 October 2015).
3295:(3 February 2011).
3269:. 10 October 2015.
3183:(10 October 2015).
2839:(6 February 2012).
2769:The Daily Telegraph
2462:
2363:Conflict of Loyalty
2322:leadership election
2316:Conflict of Loyalty
2202:Single European Act
1865:Politics portal
1486:the politics series
1477:Thatcher government
1378:Ely Mental Hospital
1014:'s longest-serving
693:John Vaughan-Morgan
8017:British barristers
7429:William Waldegrave
6855:Campbell-Bannerman
5976:Lord Chief Justice
4699:Political offices
3740:The London Gazette
3695:The London Gazette
3575:The London Gazette
3252:, pp. 449â89.
2878:The London Gazette
2479:
2472:
2460:
2342:
2300:A few days later,
2099:European Community
2055:
2043:
2031:
1705:Conservative Party
1310:A Giant's Strength
1196:Winchester College
1138:resignation speech
1130:resignation letter
1051:Winchester College
1008:Conservative Party
885:Winchester College
804:, Glamorgan, Wales
7974:
7973:
7771:
7770:
7750:Margaret Thatcher
7707:Outgoing Leader:
7663:
7662:
7626:Margaret Thatcher
7596:Reginald Maudling
7591:Maurice Macmillan
7566:Sir Geoffrey Howe
7471:
7470:
7279:Sir Geoffrey Howe
7269:Michael Heseltine
7172:Margaret Thatcher
7128:
7127:
6567:
6566:
5982:
5981:
5061:
5060:
5016:Reginald Maudling
4924:Michael Heseltine
4865:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4840:Succeeded by
4816:Michael Heseltine
4813:Succeeded by
4799:Viscount Whitelaw
4786:Succeeded by
4748:Succeeded by
4721:Succeeded by
4689:Succeeded by
4657:Succeeded by
4623:Succeeded by
4589:Succeeded by
4534:, 11 October 2015
4522:, 12 October 2015
4513:, 11 October 2015
4504:, 10 October 2015
4492:, 11 October 2015
4438:978-0-00-745663-5
4345:978-0-7139-9288-5
4326:978-1-4088-3186-1
4276:978-1-4711-2828-8
4250:978-1-134-74834-1
4227:978-0-307-95894-5
4196:978-0-7456-3885-0
4164:978-0-7475-8893-1
4135:. Little, Brown.
4116:978-0-333-59283-0
4093:978-0-00-255558-6
4086:. HarperCollins.
4071:978-0-7126-6781-4
4039:Debrett's Peerage
3636:. UK Parliament.
2923:(20 April 2022).
2730:(Subscription or
2518:
2517:
2435:Jonathan Maitland
2409:(CH) in the 1996
2278:10 Downing Street
2217:ever closer union
2186:Michael Heseltine
2081:on the future of
2068:Caspar Weinberger
2051:George H. W. Bush
2013:Foreign Secretary
1930:exchange controls
1913:
1912:
1768:Related movements
1616:Margaret Thatcher
1470:This Is Your Life
1442:Margaret Thatcher
1398:Solicitor General
1352:Howe represented
1312:published by the
1294:general elections
1260:called to the bar
1237:Mount Kilimanjaro
1142:Michael Heseltine
1091:minister of state
1087:solicitor general
1063:called to the bar
1024:foreign secretary
1012:Margaret Thatcher
1000:Sir Geoffrey Howe
973:
972:
755:
754:
560:
559:
426:
425:
348:Margaret Thatcher
280:Margaret Thatcher
228:Margaret Thatcher
176:Margaret Thatcher
135:Michael Heseltine
102:Margaret Thatcher
18:Sir Geoffrey Howe
16:(Redirected from
8179:
8147:UK MPs 1987â1992
8142:UK MPs 1983â1987
8137:UK MPs 1979â1983
8132:UK MPs 1974â1979
8122:UK MPs 1970â1974
8117:UK MPs 1964â1966
8057:Knights Bachelor
7798:
7791:
7784:
7775:
7774:
7756:William Whitelaw
7711:
7699:
7690:
7683:
7676:
7667:
7666:
7658:
7646:William Whitelaw
7581:Sir Keith Joseph
7498:
7491:
7484:
7475:
7474:
7466:
7439:William Whitelaw
7419:David Waddington
7309:Sir Keith Joseph
7234:Nicholas Edwards
7162:Thatcher Cabinet
7155:
7148:
7141:
7132:
7131:
6710:Pitt the Younger
6700:Pitt the Younger
6594:
6587:
6580:
6571:
6570:
6556:
6544:
6543:
6379:
6021:
6020:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5986:
5985:
5371:of Great Britain
5088:
5081:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5022:William Whitelaw
4979:
4904:
4903:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4823:Preceded by
4796:Preceded by
4769:Preceded by
4731:Preceded by
4704:Preceded by
4672:Preceded by
4633:Preceded by
4599:Preceded by
4568:Hendrie Oakshott
4565:Preceded by
4555:
4554:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4526:
4496:
4484:
4442:
4421:
4415:
4407:
4395:
4385:
4383:10.1038/303458a0
4349:
4330:
4313:Aitken, Jonathan
4308:
4280:
4268:
4254:
4242:
4231:
4209:
4200:
4180:
4168:
4146:
4124:
4121:Internet Archive
4108:
4097:
4075:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3917:(6 April 2015).
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3889:. Archived from
3887:The Sunday Times
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3850:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3820:ConservativeHome
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3790:. Archived from
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3546:. 5 April 2005.
3536:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3472:Rawnsley, Andrew
3468:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3358:. 8 April 2013.
3348:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3099:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2761:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2670:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2573:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2463:
2459:
2411:Birthday Honours
2378:, a director of
2358:County of Surrey
2270:Community Charge
2221:entry to the ERM
1980:Great Depression
1954:Falklands Factor
1905:
1898:
1891:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1798:(United Kingdom)
1679:Michael Portillo
1550:Entrepreneurship
1504:
1481:
1480:
1374:quarter sessions
1358:House of Commons
1328:Harold Macmillan
1318:legal privileges
1212:national service
997:
992:
985:
935:Military service
930:
858:
856:
852:
815:
799:20 December 1926
798:
796:
780:Personal details
746:
738:Hendrie Oakshott
734:
725:
701:
689:
680:
656:
644:
635:
612:
574:
573:
551:
539:
529:
520:
499:
487:
477:
468:
447:
440:
439:
417:
405:
386:
367:
355:
338:
310:
309:
299:
287:
277:
268:
247:
235:
225:
216:
195:
183:
173:
164:
131:
121:
110:
98:
89:
66:
56:
32:
31:
21:
8187:
8186:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8176:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7807:
7802:
7772:
7767:
7760:
7713:
7709:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7664:
7659:
7650:
7641:Lord Windlesham
7621:Geoffrey Rippon
7541:Lord Carrington
7531:Gordon Campbell
7507:
7502:
7472:
7467:
7458:
7399:Malcolm Rifkind
7394:Nicholas Ridley
7369:Cecil Parkinson
7304:Michael Jopling
7244:Sir Ian Gilmour
7214:Lord Carrington
7179:Humphrey Atkins
7175:
7164:
7159:
7129:
7124:
6603:
6598:
6568:
6563:
6531:
6499:
6493:
6386:
6380:
6371:
6025:
6015:
6013:
5983:
5978:
5965:
5851:Heathcoat-Amory
5568:
5561:
5365:
5097:
5092:
5062:
5057:
5046:David Lidington
4980:
4971:
4917:Formally titled
4912:
4898:
4896:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4845:
4836:
4828:
4818:
4809:
4801:
4791:
4782:
4774:
4763:
4753:
4744:
4736:
4726:
4717:
4709:
4694:
4685:
4677:
4662:
4660:Peter Ainsworth
4647:
4638:
4628:
4626:George Gardiner
4613:
4604:
4594:
4579:
4570:
4548:
4536:
4524:
4511:The Independent
4494:
4490:Financial Times
4450:
4445:
4439:
4431:. HarperPress.
4409:
4408:
4346:
4327:
4305:
4288:
4286:Further reading
4283:
4277:
4251:
4228:
4197:
4165:
4151:Kynaston, David
4143:
4117:
4094:
4072:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3895:on 4 March 2016
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3794:on 10 July 2015
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3666:. 19 May 2015.
3658:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3469:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3301:The Independent
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2952:
2948:
2934:
2932:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2837:Drakeford, Mark
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2707:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2679:The Independent
2671:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2458:
2422:Andrew Rawnsley
2380:GlaxoSmithKline
2334:
2258:
2190:Westland Affair
2170:
2131:
2063:Sir Edward Grey
2015:
1918:
1909:
1871:
1869:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1804:(United States)
1770:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1750:No Turning Back
1699:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1659:Nicholas Ridley
1629:Milton Friedman
1624:Friedrich Hayek
1610:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1514:
1513:
1479:
1434:
1350:
1345:
1272:P. Morton Shand
1184:private schools
1161:
1114:public finances
990:
983:
979:
918:
889:
860:
848:
844:
826:Political party
817:
813:
800:
794:
792:
791:
790:
744:
732:
726:
721:
712:
705:George Gardiner
699:
687:
681:
676:
667:
660:Peter Ainsworth
654:
642:
636:
631:
622:
613:
606:
601:
579:
549:
537:
527:
521:
516:
497:
485:
475:
469:
464:
448:
445:
415:
403:
387:
382:
365:
353:
339:
334:
318:
297:
285:
275:
269:
264:
245:
233:
223:
217:
212:
193:
181:
171:
165:
160:
155:
129:
119:
108:
96:
90:
85:
69:
57:
44:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8185:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7801:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7778:
7769:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7693:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7670:
7661:
7660:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7576:Patrick Jenkin
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7521:Anthony Barber
7512:
7509:
7508:
7501:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7478:
7469:
7468:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7454:George Younger
7451:
7449:Baroness Young
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7334:John MacGregor
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7299:Patrick Jenkin
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7274:Michael Howard
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7229:Lord Cockfield
7226:
7224:Kenneth Clarke
7221:
7216:
7211:
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7191:
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6995:St John-Stevas
6992:
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6957:
6952:
6947:
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6912:
6907:
6905:N. Chamberlain
6902:
6897:
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6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6870:A. Chamberlain
6867:
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6649:Pitt the Elder
6646:
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5808:
5803:
5801:N. Chamberlain
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5781:N. Chamberlain
5778:
5773:
5768:
5766:A. Chamberlain
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5741:A. Chamberlain
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
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5708:
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5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5034:George Osborne
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4992:Clement Attlee
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4968:(2024âpresent)
4963:
4957:
4951:
4948:ThÊrèse Coffey
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4910:United Kingdom
4895:
4894:
4887:
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4862:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4843:John MacGregor
4841:
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4820:
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4814:
4811:
4802:
4797:
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4755:
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4737:
4732:
4728:
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4710:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4692:Michael Havers
4690:
4687:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4667:Legal offices
4664:
4663:
4658:
4655:
4639:
4634:
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4621:
4605:
4600:
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4527:
4515:
4506:
4497:
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4471:
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4448:External links
4446:
4444:
4443:
4437:
4422:
4396:
4354:Riddell, Peter
4350:
4344:
4331:
4325:
4309:
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4289:
4287:
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4259:Vinen, Richard
4255:
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4214:Moore, Charles
4210:
4201:
4195:
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4141:
4125:
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4098:
4092:
4076:
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4058:Campbell, John
4053:
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4048:
4045:
4044:
4030:
4000:
3970:
3940:
3906:
3870:
3838:
3805:
3775:
3745:
3727:
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3681:
3651:
3625:
3594:
3592:, p. 155.
3581:
3561:
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3497:
3458:
3432:
3404:
3373:
3343:
3341:, p. 407.
3330:
3328:, p. 148.
3318:
3284:
3254:
3242:
3240:, p. 570.
3230:
3228:, p. 448.
3218:
3206:
3181:Langdon, Julia
3172:
3170:, p. 270.
3160:
3158:, p. 380.
3148:
3146:, p. 276.
3136:
3134:, p. 226.
3124:
3091:
3089:, p. 128.
3079:
3047:
3016:
2999:MeasuringWorth
2985:
2959:
2957:, p. 405.
2946:
2912:
2884:
2864:
2828:
2798:
2796:, p. 158.
2786:
2749:
2745:Laybourne 2014
2737:
2710:Riddell, Peter
2696:
2656:
2644:
2612:
2600:
2582:TheyWorkForYou
2567:
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2302:Cledwyn Hughes
2257:
2254:
2169:
2166:
2151:Bernard Ingham
2130:
2127:
2014:
2011:
1924:, Howe became
1917:
1914:
1911:
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1555:Euroscepticism
1552:
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1535:Anti-communism
1531:
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1510:
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1433:
1432:Shadow Cabinet
1430:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1270:, daughter of
1160:
1157:
1026:, and finally
971:
970:
967:
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940:Branch/service
937:
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816:(aged 88)
812:9 October 2015
810:
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555:Michael Havers
552:
546:
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534:
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530:
528:Prime Minister
524:
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513:
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494:
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478:
476:Prime Minister
472:
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315:Shadow Cabinet
313:
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276:Prime Minister
272:
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224:Prime Minister
220:
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199:John MacGregor
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172:Prime Minister
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59:
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43:
40:
35:
26:
9:
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4:
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2:
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7763:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7751:
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7737:
7735:
7734:Geoffrey Howe
7732:
7729:
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7723:
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7704:
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7691:
7686:
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7609:
7607:
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7602:
7601:Michael Noble
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
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7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7571:Earl Jellicoe
7569:
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7564:
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7561:Lord Hailsham
7559:
7557:
7554:
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7534:
7532:
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7506:
7505:Heath Cabinet
7499:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7485:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7465:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
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7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Norman Tebbit
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
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7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
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7327:
7325:
7322:
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7319:Norman Lamont
7317:
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7310:
7307:
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7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
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7264:Lord Hailsham
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7239:Norman Fowler
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7209:Mark Carlisle
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7189:Lord Belstead
7187:
7185:
7184:Kenneth Baker
7182:
7180:
7177:
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6898:
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6888:
6886:
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6881:
6878:
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6858:
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6811:
6808:
6806:
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6801:
6798:
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6758:
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6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
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6691:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
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6662:
6660:
6657:
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6652:
6650:
6647:
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6644:
6640:
6638:
6635:
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6628:
6625:
6623:
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6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
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6602:
6595:
6590:
6588:
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6576:
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6572:
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6555:
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6538:
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6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6487:
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6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
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6467:
6465:
6462:
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6455:
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6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6383:
6378:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6352:Gordon Walker
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
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6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
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6200:
6198:
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6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
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6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
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6078:
6075:
6073:
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6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
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5947:
5944:
5942:
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5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
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5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
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5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
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5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5028:Geoffrey Howe
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4967:
4966:Angela Rayner
4964:
4961:
4960:Oliver Dowden
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4930:John Prescott
4928:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4675:Arthur Irvine
4670:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4637:
4636:William Clark
4631:
4627:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4521:
4520:The Telegraph
4516:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4440:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4304:0-946270-99-6
4300:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4278:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:Howard Davies
4179:
4174:
4173:Lawson, Nigel
4170:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4142:0-316-86147-2
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:Hurd, Douglas
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4040:
4034:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:Lawson, Nigel
3874:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3327:
3322:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:McSmith, Andy
3288:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3169:
3168:Campbell 2003
3164:
3157:
3156:Campbell 2003
3152:
3145:
3144:Campbell 2003
3140:
3133:
3132:Campbell 2003
3128:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2942:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2921:Crown Office
2916:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2794:Kynaston 2013
2790:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2654:, p. 16.
2653:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:'s 2015 play
2436:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:Weekend World
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:Deutsche Mark
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:Falklands War
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:Ronald Reagan
2092:
2091:George Shultz
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2039:Ronald Reagan
2035:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2010:
2007:
2006:Toxteth riots
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1810:(New Zealand)
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1755:Selsdon Group
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:Organisations
1693:
1692:
1685:
1684:Francis Maude
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Norman Tebbit
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Geoffrey Howe
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Arthur Seldon
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Privatisation
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Individualism
1568:
1566:
1565:Globalisation
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:Neoliberalism
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:Privy Council
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:Inns of Court
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:1955 and 1959
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Elspeth Shand
1265:
1264:Middle Temple
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
989:
982:
977:
968:
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
945:
942:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
911:
910:
908:
904:
901:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
843:
842:Elspeth Shand
838:
834:
831:
828:
824:
820:
811:
807:
803:
787:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
748:
742:
739:
736:
730:
724:
719:
716:
709:
706:
703:
697:
694:
691:
685:
679:
674:
671:
664:
661:
658:
652:
649:
648:William Clark
646:
640:
634:
629:
626:
621:
617:
611:
610:
604:
600:
599:
598:Lord Temporal
593:
590:
586:
582:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:
553:
547:
544:
543:Arthur Irvine
541:
535:
531:
525:
519:
514:
511:
507:
504:
501:
495:
492:
491:Michael Noble
489:
483:
479:
473:
467:
462:
459:
455:
451:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
421:Norman Fowler
419:
413:
410:
407:
401:
398:
395:
391:
385:
380:
377:
373:
369:
363:
360:
357:
351:
347:
343:
337:
332:
329:
325:
321:
316:
311:
307:
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301:
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279:
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262:
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210:
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203:
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191:
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185:
179:
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149:
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144:
143:
140:
136:
133:
127:
123:
115:
112:
106:
103:
100:
94:
88:
83:
80:
76:
72:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7870:
7748:
7733:
7728:Edward Heath
7710:Edward Heath
7636:Peter Walker
7631:Peter Thomas
7586:Iain Macleod
7565:
7526:Tom Boardman
7515:Edward Heath
7513:
7434:Peter Walker
7424:John Wakeham
7374:Chris Patten
7339:James Mackay
7329:Peter Lilley
7324:Nigel Lawson
7294:Douglas Hurd
7284:David Howell
7278:
7219:Paul Channon
7204:Peter Brooke
7199:Leon Brittan
7170:
7014:
6910:W. Churchill
6825:R. Churchill
6641:
6551:
6539:
6428:
6399:Douglas-Home
6342:Douglas-Home
5971:
5890:
5846:Thorneycroft
5791:W. Churchill
5751:Lloyd George
5716:R. Churchill
5613:
5591:
5541:Ellenborough
5539:
5475:Bilson-Legge
5467:
5463:Bilson-Legge
5453:Bilson-Legge
5445:
5423:
5052:Dominic Raab
5040:Damian Green
5027:
5010:George Brown
4998:Anthony Eden
4954:Dominic Raab
4942:Dominic Raab
4850:
4831:
4826:John Wakeham
4804:
4777:
4758:
4751:Nigel Lawson
4739:
4734:Denis Healey
4724:Denis Healey
4712:
4680:
4641:
4607:
4592:Edwin Brooks
4573:
4531:
4519:
4510:
4502:The Guardian
4501:
4489:
4462:
4427:
4403:
4365:
4361:
4335:
4316:
4294:
4264:
4238:
4217:
4205:
4186:
4154:
4132:
4119:– via
4104:
4083:
4080:Dell, Edmund
4061:
4038:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4012:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3952:
3943:
3931:. Retrieved
3923:The Guardian
3922:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3892:the original
3886:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3852:
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3818:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:the original
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3704:
3693:
3684:
3672:. Retrieved
3663:
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3608:The Guardian
3607:
3597:
3590:Oakland 2002
3584:
3573:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3543:
3517:. Retrieved
3510:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3480:The Observer
3479:
3449:. Retrieved
3445:The Guardian
3444:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3416:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3387:The Atlantic
3386:
3376:
3364:. Retrieved
3355:
3346:
3333:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3300:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3189:The Guardian
3188:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3106:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3029:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2962:
2949:
2939:– via
2933:. Retrieved
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2896:
2887:
2876:
2867:
2857:11 September
2855:. Retrieved
2846:Wales Online
2844:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2801:
2789:
2779:21 September
2777:. Retrieved
2768:
2740:
2713:
2687:. Retrieved
2678:
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2610:, p. 4.
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2551:
2544:Lawson (2006
2538:
2529:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2427:The Observer
2425:
2415:
2396:
2384:J. P. Morgan
2372:
2362:
2343:
2340:Howe in 2011
2315:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2259:
2246:
2243:Brian Walden
2210:
2171:
2155:
2132:
2119:Nigel Lawson
2116:
2114:'s memoirs.
2112:Douglas Hurd
2076:
2056:
2025:counterpart
2003:
1988:
1976:
1961:
1951:
1946:
1934:
1919:
1708: /
1703:
1674:John Redwood
1669:Nigel Lawson
1653:
1649:Alan Walters
1644:Ralph Harris
1639:Keith Joseph
1614:
1525:
1520:Conservatism
1518:
1468:
1461:Denis Healey
1454:
1449:
1435:
1402:Edward Heath
1387:
1367:
1351:
1333:Enoch Powell
1326:
1322:Iain Macleod
1309:
1305:
1298:Labour Party
1284:
1248:matriculated
1241:
1233:Kingy George
1181:
1171:, a quarter
1162:
1146:
1120:. After the
1107:
1079:Edward Heath
1040:
999:
975:
974:
944:British Army
830:Conservative
814:(2015-10-09)
750:Edwin Brooks
745:Succeeded by
722:
700:Succeeded by
677:
655:Succeeded by
632:
609:Life peerage
607:
596:
550:Succeeded by
532:Edward Heath
517:
503:Eric Deakins
498:Succeeded by
480:Edward Heath
465:
416:Succeeded by
409:Keith Joseph
397:Edward Heath
383:
370:Denis Healey
366:Succeeded by
335:
303:Nigel Lawson
298:Succeeded by
291:Denis Healey
265:
246:Succeeded by
213:
194:Succeeded by
187:John Wakeham
161:
130:Succeeded by
117:
86:
68:Howe in 1985
29:
8127:UK MPs 1974
7992:2015 deaths
7987:1926 births
7739:John Peyton
7722:Hugh Fraser
7616:Francis Pym
7606:John Peyton
7556:Ian Gilmour
7546:John Davies
7536:Robert Carr
7404:Lord Soames
7384:Francis Pym
7359:Tony Newton
7349:Angus Maude
7259:Lord Havers
7254:John Gummer
7249:Lord Gowrie
7194:John Biffen
6815:Hicks-Beach
6730:Castlereagh
6277:Chamberlain
6107:Castlereagh
5731:Hicks Beach
5706:Hicks Beach
5626:Spring Rice
5126:Westminster
5054:(2019â2021)
5048:(2018â2019)
5036:(2015â2016)
5030:(1989â1990)
5024:(1979â1988)
5018:(1970â1972)
5012:(1964â1970)
5006:(1955â1963)
5000:(1951â1955)
4994:(1940â1945)
4962:(2023-2024)
4956:(2022-2023)
4944:(2021â2022)
4938:(2010â2015)
4932:(1997â2007)
4926:(1995â1997)
4772:Francis Pym
4707:Robert Carr
4644:East Surrey
4467:1803â2005:
4454:Appearances
4050:Works cited
3736:"No. 54427"
3690:"No. 56274"
3570:"No. 52981"
2905:19 November
2873:"No. 45166"
2503:Compartment
2256:Resignation
2235:Delors Plan
2231:Rome Summit
2182:Adam Ridley
2178:war cabinet
2023:West German
1991:Reaganomics
1968:Mervyn King
1958:1981 Budget
1808:Rogernomics
1802:Reaganomics
1782:(Australia)
1575:Meritocracy
1540:Atlanticism
1494:Thatcherism
1440:, in which
1394:East Surrey
1348:Backbencher
1337:Thatcherism
1165:Port Talbot
1043:Port Talbot
802:Port Talbot
733:Preceded by
688:Preceded by
643:Preceded by
625:East Surrey
538:Preceded by
486:Preceded by
404:Preceded by
359:Robert Carr
354:Preceded by
286:Preceded by
239:Francis Pym
234:Preceded by
182:Preceded by
109:Preceded by
7981:Categories
7886:Hattersley
7389:Peter Rees
7354:John Moore
7344:John Major
7289:David Hunt
6935:Crookshank
6930:Chuter Ede
6785:Palmerston
6775:Palmerston
6419:Carrington
6227:Iddesleigh
6172:Malmesbury
6157:Malmesbury
6147:Palmerston
6137:Palmerston
6132:Wellington
6127:Palmerston
6067:Hawkesbury
5577:Vansittart
5557:Vansittart
5495:Dowdeswell
5480:Barrington
5311:Cottington
5181:Harvington
5156:Willoughby
5151:de la Leye
5141:G. Giffard
5136:W. Giffard
5103:of England
5004:Rab Butler
4936:Nick Clegg
4856:1989â1990
4837:1989â1990
4810:1989â1990
4789:John Major
4783:1983â1989
4764:1979â1983
4745:1979â1983
4718:1975â1979
4686:1970â1972
4530:Obituary,
4518:Obituary,
4509:Obituary,
4500:Obituary,
4488:Obituary,
4400:Sked, Alan
3925:. London.
3798:12 October
3758:soas.ac.uk
3554:11 October
3339:Moore 2013
3326:Vinen 2009
3303:. London.
2978:12 October
2955:Moore 2013
2734:required.)
2637:16 January
2563:References
2496:Supporters
2490:Escutcheon
2439:Dead Sheep
2332:Retirement
2135:John Major
2057:After the
1956:". Howe's
1941:Hugh Clegg
1580:Monetarism
1545:Capitalism
1512:Philosophy
1426:March 1974
1216:lieutenant
1204:Home Guard
1192:exhibition
1126:John Major
1083:government
1055:lieutenant
954:Lieutenant
915:politician
906:Occupation
895:Alma mater
795:1926-12-20
251:John Major
7956:McDonnell
7836:Callaghan
7826:Gaitskell
7744:Jim Prior
7611:Jim Prior
7379:Jim Prior
7364:John Nott
7105:Rees-Mogg
7090:Lidington
7020:MacGregor
6895:MacDonald
6885:MacDonald
6840:Gladstone
6820:Gladstone
6810:Gladstone
6805:Northcote
6800:Gladstone
6790:Gladstone
6740:Huskisson
6705:Addington
6684:Townshend
6664:Grenville
6654:Grenville
6404:Callaghan
6332:Macmillan
6282:Henderson
6272:MacDonald
6252:Lansdowne
6247:Salisbury
6242:Kimberley
6232:Salisbury
6217:Salisbury
6212:Granville
6207:Salisbury
6197:Granville
6192:Clarendon
6182:Clarendon
6167:Clarendon
6152:Granville
6102:Wellesley
6062:Grenville
5866:Callaghan
5841:Macmillan
5831:Gaitskell
5696:Gladstone
5691:Northcote
5686:Gladstone
5666:Gladstone
5651:Gladstone
5593:Tenterden
5530:Addington
5520:Cavendish
5510:Cavendish
5500:Townshend
5490:Grenville
5469:Mansfield
5458:Lyttelton
5316:Colepeper
5281:Fortescue
5271:Sackville
5191:Stratford
5186:Wodehouse
5121:Leicester
4576:Bebington
4532:The Times
4412:cite book
4406:. London.
3853:The Times
3250:Dell 1997
3238:Howe 1994
3226:Howe 1994
3214:Hurd 2003
3087:Howe 1994
2935:17 August
2747:, "Howe".
2652:Howe 1994
2608:Howe 1994
2376:Jones Day
2354:Tandridge
2346:life peer
2158:Chevening
2083:Hong Kong
1999:Lafferism
1963:The Times
1948:policies.
1796:Powellism
1791:New Right
1715:Bow Group
1354:Bebington
1302:Bow Group
1282:in 1965.
1258:. He was
1218:with the
1175:and half
1149:life peer
1085:, he was
1071:Bebington
1069:(MP) for
1010:, he was
923:Signature
912:Barrister
873:Education
723:In office
715:Bebington
678:In office
633:In office
518:In office
466:In office
384:In office
336:In office
266:In office
214:In office
162:In office
87:In office
7916:Portillo
7841:Maudling
7314:Tom King
7115:Mordaunt
7085:Grayling
6970:Whitelaw
6960:Crossman
6925:Morrison
6845:Harcourt
6795:Disraeli
6780:Disraeli
6765:Disraeli
6725:Perceval
6627:Robinson
6517:Cleverly
6464:Miliband
6409:Crosland
6322:Morrison
6237:Rosebery
6222:Rosebery
6142:Aberdeen
6122:Aberdeen
6097:Bathurst
6077:Mulgrave
6072:Harrowby
6042:Grantham
5951:Kwarteng
5861:Maudling
5816:Anderson
5726:Harcourt
5711:Harcourt
5701:Childers
5671:Disraeli
5661:Disraeli
5646:Disraeli
5636:Goulburn
5604:Goulburn
5582:Robinson
5552:Perceval
5485:Dashwood
5419:Aislabie
5414:Stanhope
5331:Duncombe
5301:Portland
5296:Greville
5261:Cromwell
5231:Thwaites
5216:Somerset
5161:Benstead
5146:Chishull
5131:Chishull
5116:Maunsell
4356:(1983).
4315:(2013).
4261:(2009).
4216:(2013).
4175:(2006).
4153:(2013).
4131:(2003).
4082:(1997).
4060:(2003).
4023:26 April
4017:Archived
4013:BBC News
3987:Archived
3957:Archived
3927:Archived
3899:26 April
3863:11 March
3857:Archived
3831:11 March
3825:Archived
3768:11 March
3762:Archived
3720:26 April
3714:Archived
3674:26 April
3668:Archived
3664:BBC News
3644:11 March
3638:Archived
3618:11 March
3612:Archived
3548:Archived
3544:BBC News
3519:26 April
3490:11 March
3484:Archived
3425:26 April
3397:11 March
3391:Archived
3366:11 March
3360:Archived
3356:BBC News
3311:11 March
3305:Archived
3277:11 March
3271:Archived
3267:BBC News
3199:11 March
3193:Archived
3117:26 April
3111:Archived
3107:BBC News
3072:11 March
3063:Archived
3040:11 March
3034:Archived
3030:BBC News
3009:11 March
3003:Archived
2972:Archived
2851:Archived
2821:26 April
2815:Archived
2813:. 1967.
2773:Archived
2689:11 March
2683:Archived
2631:Archived
2593:11 March
2587:Archived
2450:Idlicote
2350:Aberavon
2309:affairs.
2162:poll tax
1986:report.
1484:Part of
1406:knighted
1306:Crossbow
1287:Aberavon
1169:Scottish
1093:; after
1057: â
1041:Born in
865:Children
819:Idlicote
7941:Johnson
7936:Darling
7931:Osborne
7856:Jenkins
7851:Macleod
7816:Stanley
7110:Spencer
7095:Leadsom
7075:Lansley
7035:Beckett
7010:Wakeham
6945:Macleod
6900:Baldwin
6890:Baldwin
6880:Baldwin
6860:Asquith
6850:Balfour
6835:Balfour
6770:Russell
6760:Russell
6750:Althorp
6735:Canning
6612:Walpole
6522:Cameron
6479:Johnson
6474:Hammond
6459:Beckett
6444:Rifkind
6394:Stewart
6367:Stewart
6357:Stewart
6307:Halifax
6287:Reading
6262:Balfour
6187:Stanley
6177:Russell
6162:Russell
6112:Canning
6092:Canning
5972:Italic:
5931:Hammond
5926:Osborne
5921:Darling
5876:Macleod
5871:Jenkins
5796:Snowden
5786:Snowden
5776:Baldwin
5756:McKenna
5746:Asquith
5736:Ritchie
5721:Goschen
5609:Althorp
5599:Herries
5587:Canning
5567:of the
5431:Walpole
5409:Walpole
5399:Wyndham
5351:Montagu
5346:Hampden
5341:Delamer
5306:Barrett
5276:Mildmay
5256:Berners
5246:Catesby
5206:Barnham
5176:Stanton
5166:Sandale
4908:of the
4610:Reigate
4476:at the
4464:Hansard
4392:4276172
4370:Bibcode
4185:(ed.).
4133:Memoirs
3993:14 July
3963:14 July
3451:1 March
2941:Twitter
2418:Ian Gow
2390:at the
2388:visitor
2356:in the
2262:Mogadon
2211:At the
2053:in 1989
2041:in 1986
1989:Unlike
1937:in 1979
1710:"Dries"
1418:Cabinet
1390:Reigate
1356:in the
1289:at the
1276:JUSTICE
1262:by the
1244:captain
1224:Swahili
1200:wartime
1173:Cornish
1118:budgets
1016:Cabinet
859:
847:
670:Reigate
124:; 1988)
7966:Reeves
7951:Leslie
7926:Letwin
7921:Howard
7906:Lilley
7901:Clarke
7876:Healey
7861:Healey
7831:Wilson
7821:Butler
7120:Powell
7100:Stride
7065:Harman
7030:Taylor
7025:Newton
7005:Biffen
6955:Bowden
6940:Butler
6915:Cripps
6720:Howick
6715:C. Fox
6690:C. Fox
6679:C. Fox
6669:Conway
6659:H. Fox
6632:H. Fox
6622:Pelham
6617:Sandys
6347:Butler
6267:Curzon
6117:Dudley
6087:Howick
6052:Temple
5961:Reeves
5946:Zahawi
5911:Clarke
5906:Lamont
5896:Lawson
5886:Healey
5881:Barber
5836:Butler
5826:Cripps
5821:Dalton
5631:Baring
5615:Denman
5441:Pelham
5436:Sandys
5404:Onslow
5394:Benson
5389:Harley
5326:Ashley
5291:Caesar
5286:Dunbar
5251:Lovell
5241:Fowler
5236:Witham
5226:Witham
5221:Browne
5201:Ashton
5171:Hotham
5042:(2017)
4950:(2022)
4458:C-SPAN
4435:
4390:
4362:Nature
4342:
4323:
4301:
4273:
4247:
4224:
4193:
4161:
4139:
4113:
4090:
4068:
2728:
2386:, and
2029:, 1986
1993:, his
1608:People
1095:Labour
1089:and a
853:
836:Spouse
393:Leader
345:Leader
317:posts
137:(1995)
120:
7961:Dodds
7946:Balls
7911:Maude
7896:Brown
7891:Smith
7881:Shore
7846:Heath
7080:Hague
7070:Young
7060:Straw
6985:Short
6980:Prior
6965:Peart
6950:Lloyd
6830:Smith
6694:North
6674:North
6527:Lammy
6512:Truss
6469:Hague
6454:Straw
6434:Major
6362:Brown
6337:Lloyd
6317:Bevin
6297:Hoare
6292:Simon
6202:Derby
6057:Leeds
5941:Sunak
5936:Javid
5916:Brown
5901:Major
5856:Lloyd
5806:Simon
5771:Horne
5656:Lewis
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