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209:, distribution, and duration in the environment. Moreover, these same variables also influence the distribution, abundance, reproduction, and seasonal movements of aquatic and terrestrial life within the sloughs. Sloughs support a wide variety of plant life that is adapted to rapidly changing physical conditions such as
399:
accumulation could be triggered by variations in microtopography that alter plant production and vegetation type. Water flow might be the key to preventing an accumulation of organic sediment in sloughs due to the fact that accumulation leads to lowering water depths and instead allows for the growth
429:
environment: wetlands. They act as a buffer from land to sea and act as an active part of the estuary system where freshwater flows from creeks and runoff from the land mix with salty ocean water transported by tides. Restoration is a big effort in
California wetlands to restore slough and ridge
412:
and vegetation changes over time. Topographical changes create an increase in the relief between ridge crests and slough bottoms. Vegetation changes consist of an increase in the amount of dense grass and decrease in the area of open water, creating a blurring of the directional ridge and slough
267:
the mean prey richness for fish was greatest near the ocean and lowest inshore. This allows for a higher availability of food to enhance the function of inshore habitats and emphasizes the importance of invertebrate prey populations and how they influence plant production.
416:
Historical everglade and slough landscape has been greatly affected and degraded by human activity. Open water sloughs support important ecological functions that have been seen to be sensitive to hydrologic and water quality problems stemmed from human activities.
278:, with the Elkhorn Slough being one of the premier birdwatching sites in the western United States. Over 340 species have been seen visiting, including several rare and endangered species. Bird species seen in sloughs include
325:. Uses of identifying these aspects of human involvement can help to better predict restoration efforts to be made in managing sloughs. Examples of attributes that are affected by human stress upon the environment include
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110:
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depressions. Multiple of these deposits mounted on top of the surrounding bedrock can become elongated alongside the slough and create flow diversions within the system. Different rates of this
782:
Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Willard, Debra A. (1 October 2009). "Response of the
Everglades ridge and slough landscape to climate variability and 20th-century water management".
885:
McCormick, Paul V.; Newman, Susan; Vilchek, Les W. (14 November 2008). "Landscape responses to wetland eutrophication: loss of slough habitat in the
Florida Everglades, USA".
376:
Sloughs are typically associated with the ridge formations found in their presence. Such a landscape consists of mosaic linear ridges, typically of some sort of grass such as
139:
In North
America, "slough" may refer to a side-channel from or feeding a river, or an inlet or natural channel only sporadically filled with water. An example of this is
224:
typically. The topographical and vegetation heterogeneity of ridge and slough landscape influences the productivity and diversity of birds and fish adapted to that
216:
In general, sloughs are microhabitats high in species diversity. Open water sloughs are characterized by submerged and floating vegetation which includes
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715:
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Overall little quantitative data on the degradation of slough landscape exists. Slough and ridge landscape has been greatly degraded in terms of both
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worms and mollusks. Fish can feed on zooplankton and plant material. Research on prey species for fish in sloughs found that in a study done on
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deposited by a river over time. The development of this landscape is thought to occur by the preferential formation of peat in
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environment. One end of the oxbow configuration then continues to receive flow from the main channel, creating a slough.
1036:
719:; Committee on Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem; Water Science and Technology Board (25 July 2003).
17:
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151:, used to be mouths of rivers, but have become stagnant because tectonic activity cut off the river's source.
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Ogden, John C. (December 2005). "Everglades ridge and slough conceptual ecological model".
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California Rivers and
Streams: The Conflict Between Fluvial Process and Land Use
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Tidal
Restoration Project, and the McDaniel Slough wetland enhancement project.
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landscapes. Examples of restoration projects on slough landscapes include The
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that accumulates with fine overbank sediment and organic material such as
147:, whose lower reaches have dozens of notable sloughs. Some sloughs, like
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Sloughs are largely influenced by human development such as urban and
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was an alternate branch of the river, a preferred shortcut route for
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247:. Food habits of fish within sloughs consist of preying upon
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922:"Elkhorn Slough Tidal Wetland Project: Restoration Projects"
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Sloughs are ecologically important as they are a part of an
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10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0810:erasce]2.0.co;2
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Vegetation patterns in a slough are largely determined by
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1091:
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A slough, also called a tidal channel, is a channel in a
857:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 66.
722:
Does Water Flow
Influence Everglades Landscape Patterns?
500:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
760:. University of California Natural Reserve System. 2017
884:
919:
828:
496:
357:
gets cut off from the main river channel creating an
93:
64:
96:
67:
605:
48:Maxwell Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota
1859:
781:
612:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
691:University of California Natural Reserve System
274:also inhabit sloughs, making them hotspots for
1617:A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia
384:, that are separated by deeper water sloughs.
1702:Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
1627:Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type
1030:
994:"McDaniel Slough wetland enhancement project"
132:to a larger body of water. Water tends to be
231:Fish that typically inhabit sloughs include
473:
1037:
1023:
687:"Devereux Slough - Coal Oil Point Reserve"
518:"Slough - definition of slough in English"
329:, marsh plant communities, tree islands,
317:, industrial and agricultural practices,
947:California Department of Water Resources
575:"Wetland Definitions and Classification"
136:or may flow slowly on a seasonal basis.
41:
29:
480:Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
14:
1860:
1722:Meadowview Biological Research Station
1654:Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
1018:
851:Mount, Jeffrey F. (8 November 1995).
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1717:Irish Peatland Conservation Council
321:practices, and humans influence on
182:, from the Sacramento River to the
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180:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
178:was a steamboat route through the
25:
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943:"Dutch Slough Tidal Restoration"
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89:
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1213:Flooded grasslands and savannas
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387:Edges of sloughs are layers of
754:"Habitat Restoration Projects"
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420:
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13:
1:
1737:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
1727:Society of Wetland Scientists
792:Ecological Society of America
657:Society of Wetland Scientists
458:
1352:Peatland, mire, and quagmire
1044:
725:. National Academies Press.
606:Deborah Reid Harden (2004).
503:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
348:
265:Elkhorn Slough in California
7:
1622:National Wetlands Inventory
920:Elkhorn Slough Foundation.
829:Elkhorn Slough Foundation.
497:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
441:
213:, oxygen levels and depth.
10:
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1707:Delta Waterfowl Foundation
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1523:
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969:"McDaniel Slough Project"
899:10.1007/s10750-008-9635-2
717:National Research Council
353:A slough can form when a
1686:Wetland indicator status
583:Emporia State University
1397:Freshwater swamp forest
784:Ecological Applications
573:Aber, James S. (2012).
522:Oxford University Press
434:Tidal Wetland Project,
1732:Wetlands International
1503:List of wetland plants
831:"Elkhorn Slough Birds"
758:Coal Oil Point Reserve
552:National Ocean Service
380:ridges in the Florida
315:agricultural expansion
51:
39:
1377:Salt pannes and pools
50:in the United States.
45:
33:
616:. pp. 369–371.
579:Wetland Environments
337:, and marsh fishes,
38:in the United States
1837:Wetlands portal
1468:Constructed wetland
1053:Types and landforms
800:2009EcoAp..19.1723B
548:"What is a slough?"
454:Wetlands portal
323:species composition
251:; mostly epifaunal
1681:Salt marsh die-off
1599:Salt marsh dieback
1508:List of fen plants
1347:Palustrine wetland
1248:Intertidal wetland
1243:Interdunal wetland
1000:. 19 November 2016
609:California Geology
528:on October 5, 2018
483:, Merriam-Webster.
220:mats dominated by
194:Plants and animals
52:
40:
1855:
1854:
1757:Aquatic ecosystem
1745:
1744:
1664:Ramsar Convention
1491:
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1473:Converted wetland
1415:Peat swamp forest
1278:Inland salt marsh
949:. 7 February 2017
864:978-0-520-91693-7
808:10.1890/08-0779.1
732:978-0-309-08963-0
623:978-0-13-100218-0
554:. 4 February 2016
365:. This creates a
308:white-tailed kite
235:goby, California
184:San Joaquin River
16:(Redirected from
1885:
1878:River morphology
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1844:
1835:
1834:
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1817:Will-o'-the-wisp
1750:Related articles
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1442:Whitewater river
1392:Coniferous swamp
1273:Freshwater marsh
1166:Clearwater river
1082:Blackwater river
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524:. Archived from
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319:water management
300:great horned owl
292:great blue heron
280:acorn woodpecker
176:Georgiana Slough
166:passing between
160:Steamboat Slough
156:Sacramento River
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893:(1): 105–114.
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794:: 1723–1738.
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19:
1782:List of bogs
1637:Conservation
1568:Ombrotrophic
1512:
1483:Water-meadow
1407:
1381:
1218:Grass valley
1208:Flood-meadow
1171:Cypress dome
1102:Cataract bog
1077:Beach meadow
1002:. Retrieved
997:
988:
976:. Retrieved
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951:. Retrieved
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925:. Retrieved
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694:. Retrieved
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627:. Retrieved
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586:. Retrieved
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530:. Retrieved
526:the original
499:
479:
445:
436:Dutch Slough
424:
415:
407:
386:
375:
352:
343:herpetofauna
335:wading birds
312:
304:snowy plover
288:Caspian tern
276:birdwatching
270:
255:followed by
241:mosquitofish
230:
215:
204:
197:
153:
145:Fraser River
138:
120:, usually a
55:
53:
46:A slough in
34:A slough in
1807:Telmatology
1802:River delta
1669:Ramsar site
1659:Marsh organ
1558:Hydric soil
1437:Vernal pool
1420:Shrub swamp
1288:Tidal marsh
1117:Plateau bog
1107:Coastal bog
1097:Blanket bog
659:: 810–820.
421:Restoration
410:topographic
404:Degradation
296:great egret
141:Finn Slough
124:or shallow
1862:Categories
1767:Bog butter
1463:Bog garden
1456:Artificial
1427:Wet meadow
1293:High marsh
1283:Salt marsh
1186:Fen-meadow
1154:Alder carr
1137:Upland bog
1132:String bog
1127:Raised bog
998:Appropedia
459:References
427:endangered
382:Everglades
359:oxbow lake
331:alligators
327:periphyton
253:crustacean
218:periphyton
168:Sacramento
164:steamboats
128:, often a
1868:Hydrology
1589:Hydrosere
1577:Processes
1563:Marsh gas
1408:Myristica
1298:Low marsh
1112:Kermi bog
1087:Bofedales
1067:Backswamp
413:pattern.
349:Formation
257:epifaunal
237:killifish
233:tidewater
130:backwater
1873:Wetlands
1847:Category
1777:Bog-wood
1772:Bog iron
1762:Bog body
1584:Halosere
1536:Histosol
1531:Acrotelm
1514:Sphagnum
1372:Reed bed
1317:Moorland
1196:Rich fen
1191:Poor fen
1046:Wetlands
907:10026000
816:19831066
673:24622594
649:Wetlands
442:See also
389:sediment
378:sawgrass
261:infaunal
245:topsmelt
222:sawgrass
211:salinity
188:Stockton
134:stagnant
36:Nebraska
1812:Turbary
1792:Estuary
1367:Pothole
1357:Pocosin
1322:Mudflat
1161:Ciénega
1144:Callows
1060:Natural
796:Bibcode
393:bedrock
367:wetland
355:meander
226:wetland
200:wetland
154:In the
143:on the
118:wetland
116:) is a
1382:Slough
1337:Pakihi
1327:Muskeg
1253:Kettle
1223:Guelta
1004:15 May
978:15 May
953:15 May
927:15 May
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870:15 May
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836:15 May
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764:15 May
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696:15 May
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629:15 May
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558:15 May
532:15 May
341:, and
306:, and
243:, and
56:slough
1478:Swale
1447:Yaéré
1410:swamp
1387:Swamp
1342:Palsa
1332:Oasis
1312:Misse
1263:Marsh
1233:Igapó
1228:Hamun
1203:Flark
1176:Dambo
1072:Bayou
903:S2CID
790:(7).
669:S2CID
655:(4).
588:5 May
371:swamp
272:Birds
207:depth
122:swamp
106:
77:
1674:List
1541:Peat
1496:Life
1362:Pond
1307:Mere
1258:Lagg
1238:Ings
1149:Carr
1006:2017
980:2017
955:2017
929:2017
872:2017
859:ISBN
838:2017
812:PMID
766:2017
740:2017
727:ISBN
698:2017
631:2017
618:ISBN
590:2017
560:2017
534:2017
397:peat
363:peat
259:and
186:and
170:and
126:lake
1181:Fen
1092:Bog
895:doi
891:621
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661:doi
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