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581:. The language is seen as an impediment to progress because of the new generation's judgement of it as being irrelevant in helping to improve the socio-economic status of the island. Limitations to Soqotri, such as not being able to communicate through writing, are also viewed as obstacles by the youth that makes up 60% of the population. There seems to be cultural sentiments toward the language but yet an indifference due to neglect and the notion of hindrance associated with it.
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but, it helps rid of the goats' thirst. However, when goats feed on the latex from damaged plants, it stains their muzzles and causes sores in and around the mouth. The lines were made by a woman who had found out that her lover was bragging to others of his victories (he is being compared to the feeding goats). She is calling this out and warning other women to be careful of men of his like.
1504:
g/ (e.g. /gobk/ "I suspected", /ˈɬoʔom/ "he sold") and in the passive form of suffix conjugation from roots IIIw/y (e.g. /beˈnøwe/ "it was built"). It does appear to have minimal pairs with /e/ in some verbal patterns, compare /ˈkʼøbor/ "he buried" and /ˈføsˤar/ "he squashed" with /ˈkʼeber/ "they buried" and /ˈfesˤar/ "it got squashed".
1503:
is usually a labialized allophone of /e/, typically occurring under stress before a labial (/m b f w/) or emphatic (/tˤ sˤ ʃˤ ɮˤ kʼ lˠ/) consonant if /o/ is present in the following syllable (e.g. /ˈfelˠho/ "calves", /ˈtebod/ "she lies"). It can also appear as an allophone of /o/ after /ɬ ɮˤ j jʰ k
628:
There are four dialect groups: the dialects spoken on the north coast, the dialects spoken on the south coast, the dialects spoken by
Bedouins in the mountains in the centre of the island and the dialect spoken on Abd al Kuri. The dialect that is spoken on this island Samhah appears to be the same as
2241:
In order to understand this piece however, the listener has to know of the significance of the šeber plants. These plants, part of the
Euphorbia plant group, survive long months of dry seasons and have a milky latex which goats often feed on in times of shortage. There is no nutritious benefit to it
1943:
Lieutenant
Wellstedt, who was part of a surveying mission in 1835, was the first to collect toponyms, tribe names, plant names, figures, and in total was able to put together a list of 236 Soqotri words. The words have no characteristics of the Western dialects and 41 words out of the 236 were noted
576:
Arabic is now the symbolic, or more ideological, articulation of the nation's identity, making it the privileged lingua franca of the nation. The government has also taken up an inclination of neglect toward the
Soqotri language. This seems to based on the view that Soqotri is only a dialect rather
588:
Poetry and song used to be a normal part of everyday life for people on the island, a way of communicating with others, no matter if they were human, animal, spirits of the dead, jinn sorcerers, or the divine. However, Soqotri poetry has been overlooked and the skill of the island's poets ignored.
572:
have settled in the
Soqotri region permanently, resulting in Arabic becoming the official language of the island. Soqotri is now replaced with Arabic as a means of education in schools. Students are prohibited from using their mother tongue while at school and job seeking Soqotrans must be able to
584:
Hence, Soqotri is regarded as a severely endangered language and a main concern toward the lack of research in
Soqotri language field is not only related to the semitics, but to the Soqotri folklore heritage conservation. This isolated island has high pressures of modernization and with a rapidly
2012:
following five years of work. This writing system can be read in his book Corpus of
Soqotri Oral Literature. The script is Arabic-based and transcriptions of the text appear in translated English and Arabic. This Arabic based orthography has helped passive narrators of oral lore collaborate with
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Soqotri grammar and vocabulary is very poorly documented and distributed. There have been many proposals on the collection of linguistic data. This will allow a deeper understanding of the
Soqotran scientific, literary, spiritual, and so on, culture native speakers. Preservation of the Soqotri
620:
The
Soqotri dialectology is very rich, especially considering the surface of the island and number of inhabitants. Soqotri speakers live on their islands, but rarely on the Yemeni mainland. The language was, through its history, isolated from the Arabian mainland.
1190:"he threw"). This sound also sporadically attested in word-medially in nouns and adjectives, compare "small intestines" with its dual form , It seems that in most cases a combination of ʕ + “parasitic h” is underlying, so that can be reanalyzed as
1674:
actually specific to some of the dialects spoken in Diksam, and the far-western areas of
Qalansiya, Qafiz. She found that in other places, the 2nd singular m. and f., are ē and ī. In the latest system, the subject pronouns are the full form.
2156:
The following examples are couplets, which is the basic building block of Soqotri poetry and song. This is a straightforward humorous piece about a stingy fisherman with easy language usage that anyone on the island could easily understand.
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speak Arabic before getting employed. Young Soqotrans even prefer Arabic to Soqotri and now have a difficult time learning it. Oftentimes they mix Arabic in it and cannot recite or understand any piece of Soqotri oral literature.
1513:
could be evaluated as a positional allophone of /o/, appearing usually but not exclusively in the neighborhood of the nasal (e.g. /fɔnɬ/ "breath", /geˈmɔhɔlˠ/ "she-camel"). But there are minimal pairs like /ho/ "I" and /hɔ/
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The isolation of the island of Socotra has led to the Soqotri language independently developing certain phonetic characteristics absent in even the closely related languages of the mainland. Soqotri lost interdentals
635:
Scholars believe there are no longer any grounds for associating the Modern South Arabian languages so directly with Arabic. They consider these dialects to be not Arabic, but Semitic languages in their own right.
1721:
This variation highlights the link between connective, deictic and relative pronoun. In other dialects, a grammaticalization process took place and the singular form was frozen as a connecting invariable particle
1523:
In the verbal paradigm acts like a positional allophone of /ɛ/ around pharyngeals. But in nouns and adjectives there are minimal pairs (e.g. /bar/ "strength", /bɛr/ "open place", /ˈnɛfaʕ/ "word", /ˈnafaʕ/ "he
1494:). An unstressed ( after /ħ/) is optionally inserted to break initial /CC-/ clusters and mandatorily after initial /CCC-/ clusters (e.g. /ʃbaħ/ "he stretched", /tħlˠɛf/ "may she replace").
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Another linguistic uniqueness in the far-western dialect of Qafiz is the possessive construction. This dialect, like all other Soqotri dialects, is based in the connective
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above, about the phono-morphological explanation for the two forms of negation. In many dialects, the verbal negation is the same with indicative and prohibitive.
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than a language itself. There is also no cultural policy on what should be done about the remaining oral non-Arabic languages of Yemen, include Soqotri and
2850:
Shibatani, Masayoshi; Makhashen, Khaled Awadh Bin (2009). "Nominalization in Soqotri, a South Arabian language of Yemen". In Wetzels, W. Leo (ed.).
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Naumkin, V.; Kogan, L.; Cherkashin, D.; al-Daʿrhī, A. (2012). "Towards an annotated corpus of Soqotri oral literature: the 2010 fieldwork season".
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Naumkin, V.; Porkhomovsky, V. (2003). "Oral poetry in the Soqotran socio-cultural context. The case of the ritual song "The girl and the jinn"".
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3196:
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Agafonov, Vladimir. Temethel as the Brightest Element of Soqotran Folk Poetry. Folia Orientalia, vol. 42/43, 2006/07, pp. 241–249.
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Wagner, E.(1953). Syntax der Mehri-Sprache unter Berucksichtigung auch der anderen neusudara bischen Sprachen. Akademie-Verlag(Berlin).
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The European Union has also expressed serious concerns on the issue of preserving cultural precepts of the archipelago's population.
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Anzeiger der philosophisch-historischen Klasse der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Wien, Jahrgang 1918, Nr. VIII
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Elie, Serge D. (2012-06-01). "Cultural Accommodation to State Incorporation in Yemen: Language Replacement on Soqotra Island".
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in Soqotri means 'cloth'); many words belong to the old common Semitic vocabulary and are attested in both Arabic and Soqotri:
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Many people in contact with Arabic tend to use plural in all cases (verb or pronoun). Only the nominal dual occurs regularly.
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The total population of Soqotri users throughout Yemen is 57,000 (1990 census) and total users in all countries is 71,400.
1994:) etc. Religious poems show influence of Arabic with borrowings from classical Arabic vocabulary and Quranic expressions.
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171:
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Elie, Serge D. (2016-01-01). "Communal Identity Transformation in Soqotra: From Status Hierarchy to Ethnic Ranking".
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Elie, S. (2012). "Cultural Accommodation to State Incorporation in Yemen: Language Replacement on Soqotra Island".
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changing cultural environment, there is a possibility of losing valuable strata of the Soqotran folklore heritage.
178:
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The language is under immense influence of the dominant Arabic language and culture because many Arabic-speaking
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Smith, G. Rex (1988-01-01). "Review of Comparative Vocabulary of Southern Arabic: Mahri, Gibbali and Soqotri".
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889:
512:
342:
149:
76:
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Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude (2003). "Soqotri dialectology and the evaluation of the language endangerment".
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The nasal vowels only appear in one word each, /ʕãj/ (< /ʕan/) and /kẽj/ (< /ken/) both mean "from him".
632:
These dialects include Abd Al-Kuri, Southern Soqotri, Northern Soqotri, Central Soqotri, and Western Soqotri.
3701:
3611:
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Porkhomovsky, Victor (1997). "Modern South Arabian languages from a Semitic and Hamito-Semitic perspective".
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Who does not wipe his face clean when he has eaten, just like goats when they are feeding on the šeber plants
2110:
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1401:
1302:
923:
160:
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Südarabische Expedition, Band VII. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Wien: Alfred Hölder 1907
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3759:
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Südarabische Expedition, Band VI. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Wien: Alfred Hölder 1905
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Südarabische Expedition, Band IV. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Wien: Alfred Hölder 1902
1857:
but many native speakers (young people or people in contact with Arabic) do not use verbal dual regularly:
1687:, followed by a pronoun. However, in this dialect, the connective is variable (like the relative pronoun):
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Soqotri has no official status. It is a language of Yemen where it is spoken mainly on the islands of the
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Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude (2011). "The Modern South Arabian Languages". In Weninger, Stefan (ed.).
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Independent personal pronouns for the 2nd person singular, ē (m.) and ī (f.), are more widespread than
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Greet on my behalf and make certain my greetings reach the one over there who is quite without shame.
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The next example is a line that most Soqotrans would not find too difficult to understand either:
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138:
87:
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332:
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2003:
185:
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2008:
A writing system for the Soqotri language was developed in 2014 by a Russian team led by Dr.
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322:
44:
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2901:
Johnstone, T. (1968). "The non-occurrence of a t- prefix in certain Socotri verbal forms".
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83:
8:
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Elie, S. (2006). "Soqotra: South Arabia's Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground".
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Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques
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He's concealed his fish for so long that the bluebottles are swarming all around him!
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Alexander Militarev Semitic Language Tree with Soqotri modern classification (above)
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Morris, Miranda J. (2013-01-01). "The use of 'veiled language' in Soqoṭri poetry".
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in the Central-Eastern Dialects while they were preserved in the Western Dialects.
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652:
528:
524:
2192:
Everyone knows for certain that Abdullah is quite idiotic, walking here and there:
1921:<of-your (pl.)/girl>'your girl' for /tti férhem/ 'your girl' (to you both).
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4167:
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4010:
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3438:
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2739:
Soqotri spoken Mehazelo (Cinderella) tale fragment with Latin transcription - MP3
2390:
1606:
1590:
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1290:
700:
667:
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520:
474:
437:
314:
3524:
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were reintroduced in the Central-Eastern Dialects through Arabic loanwords like
429:
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4203:
4173:
4156:
4150:
4057:
4005:
3886:
3726:
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The RBGE upgraded Soqotra Bibliography up to 2009 with more language references
2759:
A Grammatical Sketch of Soqotri with Special Consideration of Negative Polarity
2009:
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516:
492:
367:
295:
2914:
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2732:
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379:
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The Developing Strategy of Soqotra Archipelago and the Other Yemeni Islands
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374:
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1799:
In remote places, old people use the verbal, nominal and pronominal dual:
400:
3683:
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2684:
1972:) 'a shirt' (with interdental, absent from the Soqotri consonant system;
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1011:
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2744:
Soqotri spoken Two Brothers tale fragment with Latin transcription - MP3
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2483:
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language will give future generations access to this education as well.
612:: 'Abd al Kuri, Darsah, Samha, and Soqotra islands in the Gulf of Aden.
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2833:
2323:
1340:
1262:
2893:
2725:
Wagner, E. (1959). Der Dialect von Abd-al-Kuri. Anthropus 54: 475–486.
2560:
1430:
is usually pronounced in free variation with the rarer pronunciation
3330:
2996:
2943:
Morris, M. (2013). "The use of 'veiled language' in Soqoṭri poetry".
2872:
Leslau, W. (1943). "South-East Semitic (Ethiopic and South-Arabic)".
1438:, but is preferred in certain positions, notably in the vicinity of
841:
409:
393:
3174:
2013:
researchers in order to compose literature truthful to its origins.
127:
94:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3913:
3372:
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2885:
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Endangered languages: Contributions to Morphology and Morpho-syntax
1739:
In some dialects, the relative pronoun does not agree with plural:
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569:
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285:
4293:
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2141:
275:
2710:
Die Mehri - und Soqotri - Sprache. Volume II: Soqotri Texte.
2717:
Die Mehri - und Soqotri - Sprache. Volume II: Shauri Texte.
511:. Soqotri is one of six languages that form a group called
2117:
2093:
2069:
2045:
535:. All are spoken in different regions of Southern Arabia.
1944:
as Arabic loans by Wellstedt. Some are really Arabic as
1915:
and they use plural pronouns instead of the dual form:
2957:
The oral art of Soqoṭra: a collection of island voices
2903:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2651:
Naumkin, V. V.; Kogan, Leonid Efimovich (2014-01-01).
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Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies)
2126:
2102:
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we {go (1DU)/I-and-of-me/} younger brother/ Qalansiya
468:
256:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
482:
2929:
2703:
Die Mehri - und Soqotri - Sprache. Volume I: Texte.
1470:when unstressed, and sometimes when stressed (e.g.
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2849:
1853:'I and my younger brother, we two go to Qalansiya'
1666:In research done by Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle,
2337:
2293:
1418:"he collected the gum of the dragon-blood tree").
1230:is sporadically but not infrequently palatalized
4340:
2830:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
2465:
2463:
2461:
2294:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na'ama (2019-01-01).
1795:'this people that stay in the mountain' (Rujed).
2840:
2827:
2498:"EU to protect Socotra archipelago environment"
625:is also spoken in a dialectal form on Socotra.
2983:A Bibliography with a list on Soqotri language
2965:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
2945:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
2932:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
2861:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
2583:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
2472:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
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1977:
1792:DEI(PL)-people/ REL(SG)-that sit/ in-mountain
629:the one spoken on the west coast of Socotra.
462:
250:
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2696:Charakteristik der Sprache der Insel Soqotra
2650:
2579:"The vowels of Soqotri as a phonemic system"
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555:, South Semitic and South Arabian language.
2524:"Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home"
1624:Soqotri emphatics (except /lˠ/) used to be
515:(MSAL). These additional languages include
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3197:
3183:
3019:
3005:
2987:the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh website
2753:Soqotri folk tale text publication in CLN.
1866:
1816:
1698:dihet férham/ girl>'your (msg.) girl',
595:
436:
2900:
2800:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
1628:. However, ejectives have largely become
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
2874:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1126:
1124:
16:South Semitic language of Socotra, Yemen
2731:RBGE Soqotra Bibliography: at RBGE and
2577:Kogan, Leonid; Naumkin, Vitaly (2014).
1886:
1766:
1653:
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3026:
2942:
2871:
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2619:Genealogical Classification of Semitic
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1067:
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4354:Languages of the United Arab Emirates
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2025:Additional / Modified Soqotri Letter
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649:
615:
507:, in the Socotra archipelago, in the
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2004:Mehri language § Writing system
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251:
150:adding citations to reliable sources
121:
59:
18:
1908:{they want (3DU)} {go (SUBJ.3F.SG)}
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547:but is officially classified as an
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13:
4325:Languages between parentheses are
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2298:(2nd ed.). pp. 282–288.
603:
14:
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2653:Corpus of Soqotri oral literature
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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1847:eṭahérö ho w-d-ho ḳaḳa ḳalansíye
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23:
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2444:10.14321/nortafristud.16.2.0023
2436:10.14321/nortafristud.16.2.0023
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543:Soqotri is often mistaken as a
137:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
4364:Modern South Arabian languages
4329:of the language on their left.
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1636:, with the exception of /kʼ/.
513:Modern South Arabian languages
499:and the two nearby islands of
1:
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2782:10.1080/21534764.2012.686235
2616:Kogan, Leonid (2015-05-19).
2391:10.1080/21534764.2012.686235
2127:
2103:
2079:
2055:
2031:
1734:
1162:"expensive" (compare Arabic
639:
469:
257:
7:
2622:. De Gruyter. p. 575.
2151:
1927:
483:
90:the claims made and adding
10:
4380:
2769:Journal of Arabian Studies
2378:Journal of Arabian Studies
2223:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2182:af teķolemen ٚeyh il-ārhen
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2001:
1789:le-ēfœ d- izeˤem b-fídəhɔn
1639:
1406:in closed syllables (e.g.
1078:are by default pronounced
4311:
4238:
4139:
4080:
4073:
4040:
4031:
4024:
3977:
3968:
3898:
3806:
3653:
3534:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3419:
3398:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3245:
3212:
3156:
3113:
3082:
3066:
3048:
3034:
2915:10.1017/s0041977x00125534
2813:10.1080/13530190600953278
2691:. Paris: Klincksieck 1938
2423:Northeast African Studies
2224:lot erehon ki-gizol šeber
2140:
2116:
2092:
2068:
2044:
1729:
1630:pharyngealized consonants
1589:(a piece of wood), where
1482:it is usually pronounced
1358:
1344:
1010:
984:
840:
794:
753:
730:
699:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
558:
435:
423:
407:
391:
386:
364:
311:
301:
291:
281:
271:
264:
249:
244:
4322:or historical languages.
2959:, 3 volumes Brill, 2021.
2694:Dr. Maximilian Bittner:
1911:'They (both) want to go'
1398:) in open syllables and
2733:Friends of Soqotra Org.
2218:di-ol ināsah ki-yiķtīni
1978:
1873:
1861:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1811:
1803:
1781:
1773:
1758:
1743:
596:Geographic distribution
491:language spoken by the
484:al-luḡah al-suquṭriyyah
2757:Aloufi, Amani (2016).
2211:le-ha le-di-ol yahtite
1960:'old woman' (Soqotri ś
1462:is usually pronounced
3612:Christian Palestinian
3324:Ancient North Arabian
3067:Main foreign language
2836:. pp. 1073–1113.
2628:10.1515/9781614515494
2296:The Semitic Languages
2230:Literal translation:
2205:selleman enhe we-mātA
2163:ber tībeb di-ģašonten
1691:with a singular, and
1553:and merged them with
3712:Koy Sanjaq Christian
3389:Pre-classical Arabic
3164:Yemeni Sign Language
2715:Müller D.H. (1907),
2708:Müller D.H. (1905),
2701:Müller D.H. (1902),
1654:Independent pronouns
1210:is partially voiced
343:Modern South Arabian
146:improve this article
3555:Ashurian and Hatran
3114:Varieties of Arabic
2955:Morris, Miranda J.
1679:Connective particle
1626:ejective consonants
1565:: e.g. Soqotri has
1251:
1186:word finally (e.g.
1114:word finally (e.g.
1043:
1030:
646:
645:Soqotri consonants
610:Socotra Governorate
377:(Soqotri alphabet)
307:110,000 (2020)
4349:Languages of Yemen
3626:Jewish Palestinian
3083:Minority languages
3028:Languages of Yemen
2169:Abdullah di-halēhn
1414:"she was hungry",
1364:
1300:
1249:
1118:"a grown-up kid").
644:
616:Dialects/Varieties
470:mɛ́taḷ di-saḳɔ́ṭri
258:mɛ́taḷ di-saḳɔ́ṭri
161:"Soqotri language"
75:possibly contains
4336:
4335:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3802:
3801:
3765:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
3562:Jewish Babylonian
3473:
3472:
3206:Semitic languages
3172:
3171:
3035:Official language
2834:De Gruyter Mouton
2761:. pp. 12–19.
2637:978-1-61451-549-4
2327:(25th ed., 2022)
2176:d-iķor di-hi sode
2149:
2148:
1492:/ˈdeker/,/ˈjefoɬ/
1394:after emphatics (
1373:
1372:
1058:
1057:
951:
908:
850:
812:
776:
740:
695:
688:
545:variety of Arabic
509:Guardafui Channel
495:on the island of
444:
443:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
196:
120:
119:
112:
77:original research
57:
4371:
4078:
4077:
4038:
4037:
4029:
4028:
3975:
3974:
3843:northern dialect
3518:Biblical Aramaic
3511:Imperial Aramaic
3493:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3382:Nabataean Arabic
3299:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3265:Canaano-Akkadian
3199:
3192:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3050:Working language
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2972:
2952:
2939:
2926:
2897:
2868:
2855:
2854:. pp. 9–31.
2846:
2837:
2824:
2793:
2762:
2667:
2666:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2502:www.sabanews.net
2494:
2488:
2487:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2348:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2291:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2016:
2015:
1982:'ears' (exactly
1981:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1818:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1749:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1369:
1363:
1349:
1334:
1326:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1285:
1278:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1020:
996:
974:
967:
960:
947:
940:
933:
926:
917:
904:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
846:
832:
821:
808:
799:
790:
783:
772:
767:
758:
749:
736:
716:
709:
691:
684:
647:
643:
486:
480:
472:
466:
465:
440:
419:
403:
396:
370:
317:
260:
254:
253:
242:
241:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
195:
154:
130:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
92:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4299:
4226:
4135:
4082:
4069:
4020:
3981:
3956:
3894:
3798:
3740:Urmia Christian
3656:
3649:
3536:
3530:
3469:
3429:Egyptian Arabic
3415:
3411:Modern Standard
3394:
3279:
3241:
3208:
3203:
3173:
3168:
3152:
3109:
3078:
3062:
3044:
3030:
3025:
2979:
2676:
2674:Further reading
2671:
2670:
2663:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2614:
2610:
2575:
2568:
2545:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2504:. 16 April 2008
2496:
2495:
2491:
2468:
2459:
2418:
2414:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2328:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2292:
2253:
2248:
2154:
2006:
2000:
1956:in Soqotri) or
1941:
1930:
1913:
1903:
1891:
1871:
1855:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1756:
1737:
1732:
1695:with a plural:
1681:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1458:
1454:
1426:
1422:
1382:
1378:
1250:Soqotri vowels
1247:
1246:
1226:
1222:
1206:
1202:
1174:
1170:
1129:
1122:
1102:
1098:
1070:
1063:
642:
618:
606:
604:Official status
598:
566:
561:
541:
415:
399:
392:
378:
371:
366:
360:
318:
315:Language family
313:
304:
303:Native speakers
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
155:
153:
143:
131:
116:
105:
99:
96:
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4323:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4044:
4042:
4035:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3603:
3596:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3525:Middle Aramaic
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:Dialect groups
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3157:Sign languages
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2978:
2977:External links
2975:
2974:
2973:
2960:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2898:
2886:10.2307/594146
2869:
2856:
2847:
2845:. 14–16: 1–13.
2838:
2825:
2807:(2): 131–160.
2794:
2763:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2643:
2636:
2608:
2566:
2539:
2528:www.ogmios.org
2515:
2489:
2457:
2412:
2367:
2336:
2311:
2304:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2214:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2010:Vitaly Naumkin
1999:
1998:Writing system
1996:
1940:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1892:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1819:)/I-and-of-me/
1810:
1802:
1801:
1780:
1772:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1718:'their (f.)'.
1714:'their (m.)',
1710:'your (pl.)',
1702:'her'..., but
1680:
1677:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1585:; Soqotri has
1569:"blood" where
1536:
1535:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1452:
1420:
1396:/tˤsˤʃˤɮˤkʼlˠ/
1386:is pronounced
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1220:
1200:
1178:is pronounced
1168:
1120:
1106:is pronounced
1096:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
990:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
975:
968:
961:
954:
952:
944:
943:
941:
934:
927:
920:
918:
911:
909:
901:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
826:
824:
822:
815:
813:
805:
804:
802:
800:
793:
791:
784:
777:
769:
768:
761:
759:
752:
750:
743:
741:
734:
728:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
710:
703:
697:
696:
689:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
641:
638:
617:
614:
605:
602:
597:
594:
565:
562:
560:
557:
540:
539:Classification
537:
493:Soqotri people
479:اللغة السقطرية
442:
441:
433:
432:
427:
421:
420:
413:
405:
404:
397:
389:
388:
387:Language codes
384:
383:
372:
368:Writing system
365:
362:
361:
359:
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
321:
319:
312:
309:
308:
305:
302:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
272:Native to
269:
268:
266:
262:
261:
247:
246:
238:
237:
220:
219:
134:
132:
125:
118:
117:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4376:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:Ethio-Semitic
4030:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:Judeo-Aramaic
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:Siculo-Arabic
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Ta'izzi-Adeni
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:Yemeni Arabic
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2664:
2662:9789004278400
2658:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2305:9780367731564
2301:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:Translation:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:Romanization
2018:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:ˤeğébö təṭhár
1902:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1487:
1467:
1456:
1435:
1424:
1410:"two teeth",
1403:
1391:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1235:
1224:
1215:
1204:
1183:
1172:
1166:"expensive").
1158:"window" and
1127:
1125:
1111:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
989:
987:
983:
980:
978:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
955:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
939:
935:
932:
928:
925:
921:
919:
916:
912:
910:
907:
903:
902:
898:
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
827:
825:
823:
820:
816:
814:
811:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
770:
766:
762:
760:
757:
751:
748:
744:
742:
739:
735:
733:
729:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
637:
633:
630:
626:
624:
613:
611:
601:
593:
590:
586:
582:
580:
574:
571:
556:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:South Semitic
485:
476:
471:
460:
456:
452:
448:
439:
434:
431:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
395:
390:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
363:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
340:
339:
338:South Semitic
336:
335:
334:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
324:
320:
316:
310:
306:
300:
297:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:Pronunciation
263:
259:
248:
243:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163: –
162:
158:
157:Find sources:
151:
147:
141:
140:
135:This article
133:
129:
124:
123:
114:
111:
103:
93:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4315:
4292:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4166:
4149:
4107:East Gurage
4015:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3857:
3850:
3841:
3834:
3822:
3815:
3780:Urmia Jewish
3689:Northeastern
3669:
3640:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3560:
3553:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3460:Mesopotamian
3443:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3310:Proto-Arabic
3308:
3272:
3263:
3256:
3246:
3131:Judeo-Yemeni
3104:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2931:
2906:
2902:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2829:
2804:
2798:
2776:(1): 39–57.
2773:
2767:
2758:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2652:
2646:
2618:
2611:
2586:
2582:
2555:(1/2): 186.
2552:
2548:
2542:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2501:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2430:(2): 23–66.
2427:
2421:
2415:
2385:(1): 39–57.
2382:
2376:
2370:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:
2322:
2314:
2295:
2240:
2229:
2198:
2187:
2155:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1876:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1761:
1746:
1738:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1605:(two) where
1602:
1598:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1455:
1446:, and after
1423:
1379:
1223:
1203:
1171:
1138:merged with
1099:
634:
631:
627:
619:
607:
599:
591:
587:
583:
575:
567:
564:Endangerment
549:Afro-Asiatic
542:
458:
454:
450:
449:(also spelt
446:
445:
408:
382:(historical)
347:
333:West Semitic
323:Afro-Asiatic
226:
208:
199:
189:
182:
175:
168:
156:
144:Please help
139:verification
136:
106:
97:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
4254:Hadramautic
4240:Old Arabian
4179:West Gurage
4103:East Gurage
3982:ern Arabian
3684:Neo-Mandaic
3606:Palestinian
3504:Old Aramaic
2880:(1): 4–14.
2685:Wolf Leslau
2478:: 239–244.
1990:'fingers' (
1952:) 'eggs' (ḳ
1919:tten férhem
1865:they want (
1785:in-mountain
1472:/ʔeˈk’anem/
1412:/sˤiˈtˤoʕo/
1012:Approximant
501:Abd al Kuri
464:ماتڸ دسقطري
461:; autonym:
252:ماتڸ دسقطري
4343:Categories
4283:Rijal Alma
4268:Qatabanian
3937:Himyaritic
3880:Phoenician
3693:Christian
3496:Historical
3465:Peninsular
3366:Taymanitic
3317:Old Arabic
3302:Historical
2971:: 261–275.
2951:: 239–244.
2938:: 315–318.
2909:(3): 515.
2867:: 219–223.
2832:. Berlin:
2533:2017-05-04
2361:2017-05-04
2356:Ethnologue
2324:Ethnologue
2246:References
2002:See also:
1939:Vocabulary
1649:Morphology
1601:; Soqotri
1480:/ɬɮˤjjʰkg/
1474:"I feed",
1408:/ʕaˈlˠiti/
1188:/ˈkʼalˠaʕ/
673:Pharyngeal
172:newspapers
84:improve it
39:improve it
4327:varieties
4318:indicate
4199:Sebat Bet
4163:Tt-group
3978:Eastern (
3930:Deir Alla
3808:Canaanite
3775:Trans-Zab
3760:Inter-Zab
3642:Palmyrene
3633:Samaritan
3600:Nabataean
3479:Northwest
3434:Levantine
3406:Classical
3331:Dadanitic
2923:122550742
2821:129912477
2790:144803493
2735:websites.
2595:0308-8421
2589:: 57–79.
2452:151785552
2407:144803493
2399:2153-4764
2352:"Soqotri"
1843:Qalansiya
1840:ḳalansíye
1782:b-fídəhɔn
1754:)-people/
1735:Agreement
1706:, 'our',
1524:worked").
1478:). After
1476:/ˈsejjod/
1416:/ˈmasˤil/
1291:Close-mid
848:voiceless
842:Fricative
738:voiceless
640:Phonology
410:Glottolog
394:ISO 639-3
292:Ethnicity
202:July 2023
100:June 2017
88:verifying
45:talk page
4275:Awsanian
4146:N-group
4065:Tigrinya
3944:Samalian
3921:Galilean
3914:Ugaritic
3859:Medieval
3852:Mishnaic
3836:Biblical
3817:Ammonite
3770:Sanandaj
3755:Betanure
3734:Chaldean
3731:Assyrian
3717:Qaraqosh
3707:Hértevin
3619:Galilean
3593:Lebanese
3439:Maghrebi
3399:Literary
3373:Thamudic
3359:Safaitic
3345:Hasaitic
3338:Dumaitic
3258:Akkadian
3213:Branches
3126:Hadhrami
2603:43782851
2484:43782882
2152:Examples
2145:
2121:
2097:
2073:
2049:
1954:ehélihen
1928:Negation
1835:brother/
1318:Open-mid
1240:/ˈrabaħ/
1192:/ˈmiʕho/
1164:/ɣaːliː/
1156:/ˈxalfe/
1116:/ˈsɛrɛd/
949:emphatic
810:emphatic
658:Alveolar
455:Sokotri,
417:soqo1240
4359:Socotra
4320:extinct
4316:Italics
4261:Minaean
4188:Endegen
4115:Inneqor
4094:Argobba
4090:Amharic
4053:Dahalik
4025:Western
4016:Soqotri
3996:Ḥarsusi
3991:Baṭḥari
3907:Amorite
3873:Moabite
3824:Edomite
3794:Western
3750:Barzani
3746:Jewish
3665:Central
3657:Aramaic
3586:Western
3568:Mandaic
3549:Eastern
3544:Armazic
3535:Dialect
3488:Aramaic
3451:Maltese
3352:Hismaic
3285:Central
3274:Eblaite
3230:Central
3136:San'ani
3105:Soqotri
3074:English
2319:Soqoṭri
1984:ˤídəhen
1896:təṭhárö
1827:younger
1804:eṭahérö
1640:Grammar
1603:tri/trɔ
1196:/ˈmiʕi/
1160:/ˈɣali/
1130:Native
732:Plosive
693:lateral
686:central
678:Glottal
663:Palatal
570:Yemenis
553:Semitic
529:Harsusi
525:Bathari
497:Socotra
487:) is a
459:Suqutri
451:Socotri
447:Soqotri
430:Soqoṭri
348:Soqoṭri
328:Semitic
296:Soqotri
286:Socotra
245:Soqoṭri
186:scholar
82:Please
4294:Sabaic
4288:Razihi
4194:Mesqan
4168:Mesmes
4121:Wolane
4118:Ulbare
4111:Siltʼe
4099:Harari
4083:versal
4081:Trans-
4011:Shehri
4001:Hobyot
3951:Sutean
3899:Others
3865:Modern
3830:Hebrew
3722:Senaya
3702:Bohtan
3697:Barwar
3677:Turoyo
3671:Mlaḥsô
3573:Syriac
3537:groups
3294:Arabic
3146:Tihami
3100:Razihi
3090:Hobyót
3058:Arabic
2921:
2894:594146
2892:
2819:
2788:
2659:
2634:
2601:
2593:
2561:195306
2559:
2482:
2450:
2442:
2405:
2397:
2302:
1992:ˤəṣābe
1988:ˤaṣábi
1901:
1874:təṭhár
1862:ˤeğébö
1824:w-d-ho
1774:izeˤem
1769:)-that
1744:le-ēfœ
1730:Syntax
1712:lyihan
1634:Arabic
1632:as in
1607:Shehri
1591:Shehri
1571:Shehri
1549:, and
1238:(e.g.
986:Rhotic
906:voiced
774:voiced
653:Labial
623:Arabic
559:Status
533:Hobyot
521:Shehri
505:Samhah
475:Arabic
380:Arabic
282:Region
188:
181:
174:
167:
159:
4248:Faifi
4217:Gyeto
4211:Gumer
4204:Chaha
4174:Muher
4157:Soddo
4151:Gafat
4140:Outer
4074:South
4058:Tigre
4048:Geʽez
4041:North
4006:Mehri
3970:South
3887:Punic
3785:Zakho
3727:Suret
3235:South
3095:Mehri
2919:S2CID
2890:JSTOR
2817:S2CID
2786:S2CID
2599:JSTOR
2557:JSTOR
2508:4 May
2480:JSTOR
2448:S2CID
2440:JSTOR
2403:S2CID
1979:edahn
1958:ˤajúz
1946:beïdh
1894:(for
1716:lisan
1615:Mehri
1599:θʼarb
1597:have
1595:Mehri
1587:tˤarb
1579:Mehri
1488:]
1484:[
1468:]
1464:[
1436:]
1432:[
1404:]
1400:[
1392:]
1388:[
1355:Nasal
1270:Close
1258:Front
1236:]
1232:[
1216:]
1212:[
1184:]
1180:[
1112:]
1108:[
1092:]
1088:[
1084:]
1080:[
701:Nasal
668:Velar
579:Mehri
517:Mehri
375:Latin
276:Yemen
193:JSTOR
179:books
4214:Gura
4208:Ezha
4184:Inor
3980:Mod-
3655:Neo-
3248:East
3225:West
3220:East
3041:None
2750:and
2657:ISBN
2632:ISBN
2591:ISSN
2510:2017
2395:ISSN
2300:ISBN
2022:IPA
1966:thob
1962:íbīb
1950:bayḍ
1879:SUBJ
1877:go (
1832:ḳaḳa
1815:go (
1777:sit/
1708:ltan
1704:lḥan
1670:and
1664:hit.
1662:and
1619:θərō
1617:has
1613:and
1611:θroh
1609:has
1593:and
1583:ðōrə
1581:has
1577:and
1575:ðɔhr
1573:has
1561:and
1442:and
1341:Open
1263:Back
1208:/sˤ/
1194:and
1150:and
1142:and
1134:and
1086:and
1074:and
531:and
503:and
165:news
4127:Zay
2985:at
2911:doi
2882:doi
2809:doi
2778:doi
2624:doi
2432:doi
2387:doi
2321:at
1986:),
1974:tob
1964:),
1933:Cf.
1867:3DU
1817:1DU
1763:REL
1748:DEI
1700:des
1672:hit
1668:het
1660:het
1567:dor
1460:/e/
1448:/n/
1444:/ʕ/
1440:/ʔ/
1428:/u/
1384:/i/
1228:/r/
1214:s̬ˤ
1176:/ʕ/
1152:/ɣ/
1148:/x/
1144:/ʕ/
1140:/ħ/
1136:/ɣ/
1132:/x/
1104:/d/
1076:/g/
1072:/k/
457:or
425:ELP
401:sqt
148:by
86:by
4345::
2969:42
2967:.
2949:43
2947:.
2936:33
2934:.
2917:.
2907:31
2905:.
2888:.
2878:63
2876:.
2865:27
2863:.
2815:.
2805:33
2803:.
2784:.
2772:.
2687:,
2655:.
2630:.
2597:.
2587:44
2585:.
2581:.
2569:^
2553:15
2551:.
2526:.
2500:.
2476:43
2474:.
2460:^
2446:.
2438:.
2428:16
2426:.
2401:.
2393:.
2381:.
2354:.
2339:^
2254:^
2221:/
2208:/
2179:/
2166:/
2087:ʃˤ
2080:ṣ̌
2039:lˠ
1970:ob
1968:(t
1887:SG
1883:3F
1812:ho
1807:we
1767:SG
1759:d-
1752:PL
1726:.
1724:d-
1693:l-
1689:d-
1685:d-
1621:.
1563:tˤ
1557:,
1551:θʼ
1545:,
1390:ɨʲ
1335:)
1242:).
1234:rʲ
1182:ˀħ
1123:^
1110:tˤ
1090:gʲ
1082:kʲ
1064:^
1046:jʰ
1033:lˠ
972:ʃˤ
965:ɮˤ
958:sˤ
830:kʼ
819:tˤ
551:,
527:,
523:,
519:,
481:,
477::
473:;
467:,
453:,
255:,
48:.
4101:–
4092:–
3984:)
3198:e
3191:t
3184:v
3020:e
3013:t
3006:v
2925:.
2913::
2896:.
2884::
2823:.
2811::
2792:.
2780::
2774:2
2665:.
2640:.
2626::
2605:.
2563:.
2536:.
2512:.
2486:.
2454:.
2434::
2409:.
2389::
2383:2
2364:.
2308:.
2142:ﺝ
2135:ɡ
2128:g
2118:چ
2111:ʒ
2104:ž
2094:ڞ
2070:ڛ
2063:ɬ
2056:ŝ
2046:ڸ
2032:ḷ
1948:(
1898:)
1889:)
1885:.
1881:.
1869:)
1765:(
1750:(
1559:d
1555:t
1547:ð
1543:θ
1514:.
1490:(
1486:i
1466:ɨ
1450:.
1434:u
1402:ɨ
1367:ẽ
1361:ã
1347:a
1332:ɔ
1329:(
1324:ɛ
1310:o
1303:ø
1297:e
1283:u
1276:i
1218:.
1198:.
1094:.
1040:j
1027:l
1018:w
994:r
938:ʕ
931:ɣ
924:ʒ
915:z
897:h
890:ħ
883:x
876:ʃ
869:ɬ
862:s
855:f
797:ɡ
788:d
781:b
765:ʔ
756:k
747:t
714:n
707:m
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
190:·
183:·
176:·
169:·
142:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
80:.
55:)
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