Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute

965:, arrived at the Spanish settlement at Port Louis to request that the Argentine flag be replaced with the British one, and that the Argentine administration leave the islands. Pinedo asked if war had been declared between Argentina and the United Kingdom; Onslow replied that it had not. While Pinedo wanted to resist, his numerical disadvantage was obvious, particularly as a large number of his crew were British mercenaries who were unwilling to fight their own countrymen. Such a situation was not unusual in the newly independent states in Latin America, where land forces were strong, but navies were frequently quite undermanned. He protested verbally, but departed without a fight on 5 January under protest, with the Argentine flag being lowered by British officers and delivered to him. The islands have remained under British rule ever since, except for the brief interruption caused by the Falklands War. Back on the mainland, Pinedo faced court martial; he was suspended for four months and transferred to the army, though he was recalled to the navy in 1845. 754:, essentially the governor of the islands. This prompted British protests, as this was seen as an attempt by the United Provinces to exercise political and military control over the islands. Parish protested to Buenos Aires, which merely acknowledged the protest. Britain protested again when Vernet announced his intention to exercise exclusive rights over fishing and sealing in the islands. One of Vernet's first acts was to curb seal hunting on the islands to conserve the dwindling seal population. In response, the British consul at Buenos Aires protested the move and restated the claim of his government. Similar protests were received from the American representative, who protested at the curtailment of established rights and stated that the United States did not recognise the jurisdiction of the United Provinces over the islands. Despite the tension, Vernet continued to provide regular reports to Parish throughout this period. 689:

my desire to act towards all friendly flags with the most distinguished justice and politeness. A principal object is to prevent the wanton destruction of the sources of supply to those whose necessities compel or invite them to visit the islands, and to aid and assist such as require it to obtain a supply with the least trouble and expense. As your views do not enter into contravention or competition with these orders, and as I think mutual advantage may result from a personal interview, I invite you to pay me a visit on board my ship, where I shall be happy to accommodate you during your pleasure. I would also beg you, so far as comes within your sphere, to communicate this information to other British subjects in this vicinity. I have the honour to be, Sir Your most obedient humble Servant, Signed, Jewett, Colonel of the Navy of the United Provinces of South America and commander of the frigate Heroína.

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Government did not acknowledge any further protests by Argentina until the 1940s, although the official position of the Argentine Government is that "During the first half of the twentieth century, the successive Argentine governments made it standard practice to submit protests to the United Kingdom". The Argentine Government does not identify these annual protests, but authors such as Roberto Laver claim at least "27 sovereignty claims, both to Britain, domestically in Argentina and to international bodies". In international law, territorial claims are usually considered defunct if there is a gap of 50 years or more between protests over sovereignty.

1260: 119: 77: 1924: 170: 526: 55: 726:. A first expedition financed by Pacheco travelled to the islands the following year, arriving on the East Falkland on 2 February 1824. Its leader was Pablo Areguatí, who brought with him 25 gauchos. Ten days later Areguatí wrote to Pacheco to say the colony was perishing because the horses they had brought were too weak to be used. Thus, they could not capture wild cattle, and their only other means of subsistence was wild rabbits. On 7 June, Areguatí left the islands, taking with him 17 gauchos, with the remaining eight gauchos were rescued by the 1126:. Shackleton's report found that contrary to popular belief, the Falkland Islands actually produced a surplus by its economic activities and was not dependent on British aid to survive. However, the report stressed the need for a political settlement if further economic growth was to be achieved, particularly from the exploitation of any natural resources in the water around the islands. Argentina reacted with fury to the study and refused to allow Lord Shackleton permission to travel to the islands from Argentina, forcing the British to send a 6739: 584: 150: 7195: 285: 248: 217: 2485:... the Territories of The United Provinces of Rio de La Plata; for the Maintenance of good Understanding between His said Britannick Majesty and the said United Provinces ... should be regularly acknowledged and confirmed by the Signature of a Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation. ... Done at Buenos Ayres, the second day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five. (Signed:) Woodbine Parish, H.M. Consul-General, Manl. J. Garcia. 198: 8520: 9233: 8082: 6690: 266: 643: 617: 1695: 766: 8094: 1527: 1290: 747:, Vernet provided regular reports to the British on the progress of his enterprise. He expressed the wish that, in the event of the British returning to the islands, the British Government would take his settlement under their protection; Parish duly passed this wish on to London. Islanders were born during this period, including Malvina María Vernet y Saez, Vernet's daughter. 4731:... 'as a country and as democrats we believe in self determination, and if the people of the Islands want to remain British, that is their choice and we will always support them', said Bryant who insisted that 'we have no doubts as to whom the Falklands belong'. Besides in the European Union Lisbon Treaty 'it is clearly spelled out that the Falklands belong to Britain'. 3229:

occupied the Islands by force in 1833, expelled their original population and did not allow their return, violating Argentine territorial integrity. Thus, the possibility of applying the principle of self-determination is ruled out, since its exercise by the inhabitants of the islands would cause the breakdown of national unity and territorial integrity of Argentina.

981:. He took charge of the settlement and was encouraged to further Vernet's business interests provided he did not seek to assert Argentine government authority. Argentines have claimed that the population of Puerto Luis was expelled after the British return, but historical records shows that only four members of the settlement chose to leave. 3211: 1727:: "We have no doubt about our sovereignty over the Falkland Islands ... we have a perfectly valid title". The British government regards the right of the islanders to self-determination as "paramount" and rejects the idea of negotiations over sovereignty without the islanders' consent. Supporters of the British position argue: 947: 912:

to the citizens of the United States, and beyond the competence of the Buenos Ayres government to regulate, prohibit, or punish, it is not competent for a circuit court of the United States to inquire into and ascertain by other evidence the title of the government of Buenos Ayres to the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands.

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It is further agreed with respect to the eastern and western coasts of South America and the islands adjacent, that the respective subjects shall not form in the future any establishment on the parts of the coast situated to the south of the parts of the same coast and of the islands adjacent already

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Relations between the UK and Argentina remained hostile after 1982 and diplomatic relations were restored in 1989. Although the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for the UK and Argentina to return to negotiations over the Falklands' future, the UK ruled out any further talks

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A series of talks between the two nations took place over the next 17 years until 1981, but failed to reach a conclusion on sovereignty. Although the sovereignty discussions had some success in establishing economic and transport links between the Falklands and Argentina, there was no progress on the

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Mestivier's appointment again had drawn protests from the British consul in Buenos Aires, but these protests received no response from Buenos Aires, as the United Provinces were now asserting sovereignty over the islands. The appointments of Vernet and Mestivier convinced the British that direct rule

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Sir, I have the honour to inform you of the circumstance of my arrival at this port, commissioned by the supreme government of the United Provinces of South America to take possession of these islands in the name of the country to which they naturally appertain. In the performance of this duty, it is

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This left no formal government present on the islands. Despite the lack of administration or governance, they retained human activity. British and American sealers routinely used them to hunt for seals, also taking on fresh water as well as feral cattle, pigs and even penguins for provisions. Whalers

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control, with the British maintaining they had the rights to return at any time. In 1777, Governor Ramon de Carassa was ordered to destroy the remains at Port Egmont. The British plaque was removed and sent to Buenos Aires. Spain ruled the islands from 1774 until 1811 from Port Soledad as part of the

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When Spain discovered the British and French colonies on the Islands, a diplomatic row broke out among the three claimants. In 1766, Spain and France, who were allies at the time, agreed that France would hand over Port Saint Louis, and Spain would reimburse de Bougainville and the Saint-Malo Company

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The United Kingdom never protested or expressed reservations during the long, peaceful, effective and public Spanish possession over the Falkland Islands and its dependencies, during almost 60 years; a period much longer than the required by international tribunals for acquisition by prescription to

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The King my Master ... with a view to such measures as may eventually lead to the establishment of friendly Relations with the Government of Buenos Ayres, has determined to nominate and appoint Woodbine Parish Esq. to be His Majesty's Consul General in the State of Buenos Ayres. ... (Signed:) George

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In January 1966 the British Foreign Secretary, Michael Stewart, visited Buenos Aires when the Argentine claim to the islands was raised with him, following which, in July, a preliminary meeting was held in London, where the British delegation "formally rejected" the Argentine Ambassador's suggestion

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in a sub-committee of the Special Committee on the situation with regard to the implementation of the UN Declaration of the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. In reply, the British Representative on the committee declared that the British Government held that the question of

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on both sides of the dispute that Argentina tacitly gave up her claim by failing to mention it and ceasing to protest over the Falklands. Between December 1849 and 1941, the Falklands were not mentioned in the President's Messages to Congress. The treaty, which did not mention the islands, agreed to

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to put the ship into harbour. Weddell reported that only thirty seamen and forty soldiers out of a complement of 200 were fit for duty and that Jewett slept with pistols over his head following an attempted mutiny. On 6 November 1820, Jewett raised the flag of the United Provinces of the River Plate

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The Argentine Nation ratifies its legitimate and non-prescribing sovereignty over the Malvinas, Georgias del Sur and Sandwich del Sur Islands and over the corresponding maritime and insular zones, as they are an integral part of the National territory. The recovery of these territories and the full

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His Britannic majesty engages to take the most effectual measure to prevent the navigation and fishery of his subjects, in the Pacific Ocean or in the South-Seas, from being made a pretext for illicit trade with the Spanish settlements; and, with this view, it is moreover expressly stipulated, that

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had extended the vote to more British citizens, including members of the free-trade merchant class who saw economic opportunity in opening up markets in South America. The British Board of Trade saw establishing new colonies and trade with them as a way to expand manufacturing jobs. The Foreign and

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The government of the United States having insisted, and continuing to insist, through its regular executive authority, that the Falkland Islands do not constitute any part of the dominions within the sovereignty of Buenos Ayres, and that the seal fishery at those islands is a trade free and lawful

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Whether or not this affected sovereignty over the islands is disputed. The British argue that the agreement did not affect the respective claims and only stipulated that neither party would make further establishments on the coasts or "adjacent" islands already held by Spain. Argentina argues that

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to the South Atlantic, with rules of engagement set in the event of a clash with the Argentine navy. The British even considered setting up an exclusion zone around the islands, but this was rejected in case it escalated matters. These events were not made public until the parliamentary debates in

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After the failure, Pacheco agreed to sell his share to Vernet. The Buenos Aires government granted Vernet all of East Falkland, including all its resources, with exemption from taxation for 20 years, if a colony could be established within three years. Vernet visited the British consulate in 1826

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El Reino Unido jamás protestó o efectuó reserva alguna ante la larga, pacífica, efectiva y pública posesión hispana sobre las Islas Malvinas y sus dependencias del Atlántico Sur, durante casi 60 años; plazo mucho mayor que el exigido por tribunales internacionales para adquirir por prescripción.

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That the principle of self-determination is not applicable to this sovereignty question because, as Argentina argues, the current inhabitants are a "transplanted population", of British character and nationality, brought to replace the Argentine population, not a distinct "people" as required by

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Many modern authors report this letter as the declaration issued by Jewett. Jewett's report to the government of Buenos Aires does not mention any claim to the Falkland Islands, and news of the claim reached Argentina by way of the United States and Europe in November 1821, over a year after the

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There were no further protests until 1885, when Argentina included the Falkland Islands in an officially sponsored map. In 1888, Argentina made an offer to have the matter subject to arbitration, but this was rejected by the British Government. Other than the protest lodged in 1885, the British

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in August 1833, the Falklands were administered as a military outpost with the few remaining residents of Vernet's colony. The first British Resident, Lt Smith, was established in 1834. Under his administration and initiative, the settlement recovered and began to prosper. Lt Smith's commanding

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According to the historical claim of the Argentine Republic, we emphasize that the principle of self-determination is not applicable to the issue of the Falkland Islands. Precisely, with regard to this principle, the specificity of the Malvinas question lies in the fact that the United Kingdom

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Under the 1985 constitution, the Falkland Islands Government (FIG) became a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, with the governor as head of government and representative of the monarch. Members of the FIG are democratically elected and the governor is effectively a figurehead.

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by both the United States and the United Kingdom. The European Community condemned the invasion and imposed economic sanctions on Argentina, although several EC states expressed reservations about British policy in this area. France and West Germany also temporarily suspended several military

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in 1828, and renamed Puerto Soledad to Puerto Luis. Vernet would visit the British consulate a third time in 1829, seeking continued endorsement of his venture and British protection for his settlement in the event of their returning to the islands. After receiving assurances from the British

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2065 was passed on 16 December 1965. In its preamble it referred to the UN's "cherished aim to bring colonialism to an end everywhere", and invited both nations to proceed with negotiations to find a peaceful solution bearing in mind "the interests of the population of the Falkland Islands

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In February 2010, in response to British plans to begin drilling for oil, the Argentine government announced that ships travelling to the Falklands (as well as South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) would require a permit to use Argentine territorial waters. The British and Falkland

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A map from a world atlas published in 1794 complete with marginal notes describing sovereignty: the Falklands belonged "to Great Britain by right of first discovery", the British had "a fort and settlement" on "the North of Western Falkland", while Spaniards "had a fort in the Eastern

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That self-determination is further rendered inapplicable due to the disruption of the territorial integrity of Argentina that began with a forceful removal of its authorities in the islands in 1833, thus there is a failure to comply with an explicit requirement of UN Resolution 1514

1485:. On 22 April 2009, Argentina presented to the UN a formal claim to an area of the continental shelf encompassing the Falklands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, and parts of Antarctica, citing 11 years' worth of maritime survey data. The UK quickly protested these claims. 543:

for the cost of the settlement. France insisted that Spain maintain the colony in Port-Louis to prevent Britain from claiming unilateral title to the Islands, and Spain agreed. Spain and Great Britain enjoyed uneasy relations at the time, and no corresponding agreement was reached.

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Argentina renewed claims in June 2006, citing concern over fishing and petroleum rights; the UK changed from annually granting fishing concessions, to granting a 25-year concession. On 28 March 2009, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown stated that there was "nothing to discuss" with

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Report dated 30 April 1822 by Portuguese Auditor General of Marine, Manuel José de Figueredo; translated version reprinted in William R. Manning: Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, Inter-American Affairs 1831–1860, Vol I, Argentina, Washington DC 1932, fn. 1, pp.

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was seized and Vernet returned with it to Buenos Aires for the captain to stand trial. The American Consul in Argentina protested Vernet's actions and stated that the United States did not recognise Argentine sovereignty in the Falklands. The consul dispatched a warship, the

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occupied by Spain; it being understood that the said respective subjects shall retain the liberty of landing on the coasts and islands so situated for objects connected with their fishery and of erecting thereon huts and other temporary structures serving only those objects.

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in the exercise of his functions. The main responsibilities of the governor are external affairs and public services. Effectively under this constitution, the Falkland Islands are self-governing with the exception of foreign policy, although the FIG represents itself at the

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seeking endorsement of his venture. The British acquiesced, and asked for a report on the islands. Vernet took settlers, including British Captain Matthew Brisbane, and before leaving once again sought permission from the British Consulate in Buenos Aires. He established a

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The British Task Force began offensive action against Argentina on 23 April 1982 and recaptured South Georgia after a short naval engagement. The operation to recover the Falklands began on 1 May and after fierce naval and air engagements an amphibious landing was made at

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Whilst maintaining the British claim, the British Government considered a transfer of sovereignty less than two years before the outbreak of war. However, the British Government had limited room for manoeuvre owing to the strength of the Falkland Islands lobby in the

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has passed several resolutions on the issue. In 1988, the General Assembly reiterated a 1965 request that both countries negotiate a peaceful settlement to the dispute and respect the interests of the Falkland Islanders and the principles of UN GA resolution 1514.

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in 1833 (referred to as an "act of force" by Argentina) was illegal under international law, and this has been noted and protested by Argentina on 17 June 1833 and repeated in 1841, 1849, 1884, 1888, 1908, 1927, 1933, 1946, and yearly thereafter in the

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in Falklands waters. (Traditionally ships in a foreign country's waters would fly the country's maritime flag as a courtesy.) The British Government suspected Argentina would attempt another expedition in the manner of its Southern Thule operation.

1154:, Argentina's military airline. In 1972, after an Argentine request, the United Kingdom agreed to allow Argentina to construct a temporary air strip near Stanley. On 15 November 1972 a temporary runway was inaugurated with the first arrival of a 2882:

Denying that Argentine officials had the right of seizure or the right to restrain American citizens from use of the fisheries, he said he regarded Anchorema's note as an avowal of Vernet's captures. He protested against the decree of June 10,

1174:. Any measure that the Foreign Office suggested on the sovereignty issue was loudly condemned by the islanders, who reiterated their determination to remain British. This led to the British Government maintaining a position that the right to 4460: 997:

Colonial Offices agreed to take on the Falklands as one of these colonies, if only to prevent colonisation by others. In May 1840, a permanent colony was established in the Falklands. A British colonial administration was formed in 1842.

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was constructed. This allowed fighter jets to be based on the islands and strengthened the UK's ability to reinforce the Falklands at short notice. The military garrison was substantially increased and a new garrison was established on

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Speech by Dr. José María Ruda (Argentina) to the UN Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 9 September 1964 cited in

1631:. In a secret article, it was stated that this was conditional on no third party settling in the areas mentioned in article 6 of the treaty. The conventions were unilaterally repudiated by Spain in 1795 but implicitly revived by the 4216: 4363: 833:

asserted in his report that he destroyed the settlement's powder store and spiked the guns, though Vernet later claimed that during the raid the Argentine settlement at Puerto Luis was also destroyed. Upon leaving to return to

1330:, and initially took a neutral stance, although in private substantial material aid was made available to the UK from the moment of invasion. The US publicly supported the UK's position following the failure of peace talks. 636: 1130:

ship to transport him to the islands. In response Argentina severed diplomatic links with the UK. An Argentine naval vessel later fired upon the ship carrying Shackleton as he visited his father's grave in South Georgia.

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forced Great Britain to withdraw from the Falklands along with many of its other overseas settlements. They left behind a plaque and flag at Port Egmont asserting British sovereignty over the islands. This left Spain in

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Gustafson, pp. 21–25. "But at the very least, Jewitt had publicly claimed possession in the name of Argentina, whose government could later confirm or deny his claim. The government would confirm Jewitt's claim." (p.

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After their return, the British did not attempt to develop the islands as a colony. Initially, plans were based upon the settlers remaining in Puerto Luis, supported by the annual visit of a warship. Vernet's deputy,

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In 1976, the British Government commissioned a study on the future of the Falklands, which looked at the ability of the islands to sustain themselves, and the potential for economic development. The study was led by

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There is some limited evidence resulting in speculation of a possible human presence on the islands predating European arrival. The British were the first to land on the Falklands, and did so in 1690, when Captain

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The United States and the European Union recognise the de facto administration of the Falkland Islands and take no position over their sovereignty. The islands were subject to EU law in some areas until 2020 when

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from Spain in 1816, although this was not then recognised by any of the major powers. The UK informally recognised Argentine independence on 15 December 1823, as the "province of Buenos Aires", and formally

1313:. Immediately, the UK severed diplomatic ties with Argentina and began to assemble a task force to retake the islands. A diplomatic offensive began, to gain support for economic and military sanctions. The 1469:, visited Argentina and said he hoped the UK and Argentina could resolve their differences that led to the 1982 war. However, no talks on sovereignty took place during the visit, and Argentina's President 2341:

At a time of growing unrest in its American colonies, the Falklands appeared expensive and of marginal strategic value and so Saunders Island was left voluntarily in 1774 as Britain concentrated on North

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on a 92% turnout, was an exercise in self-determination that "demonstrated beyond all doubt" the islanders' views on the dispute; and that the result should be respected by all other countries including

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That Argentine leaders indicated in the 1860s that there was no dispute between Argentina and the UK, and that Argentine maps printed between 1850 and 1884 did not show the islands as part of Argentina.

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which at that time was part of the Falkland Islands Dependency. The landing was reported in the UK only in 1978, although the British government issued a rejection of the notion of sending a force of

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exercise of sovereignty, respecting the way of life for its inhabitants and according to the principles of international law, constitute a permanent and unwavering goal of the Argentine people.

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in 1959, the Falkland Islands Dependencies were reduced to include just South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Territory south of the 60th parallel was formed into a new dependency, the

3774: 907:. The insurers argued that Vernet was the legal governor of the Falkland Islands, the sealing was therefore illegal and so they ought not to have to pay. The ruling of the Supreme Court was: 750:

In 1829, he sought a naval vessel from the United Provinces to protect his colony. As none were available, the Buenos Aires government, headed by General Juan Galo de Lavalle, appointed him

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calling on the UK and Argentina to proceed with negotiations on finding a peaceful solution to the sovereignty question which would be "bearing in mind the provisions and objectives of the

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declined and many colonies gained their independence. Argentina saw this as an opportunity to push its case for gaining sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, and raised the issue in the

450: 6417: 5805: 5499: 1577: 938: 926: 605:. In this period, 18 Spanish governors were appointed to rule the islands. Spanish troops remained until 1811, when Governor Pablo Guillen Martinez was called back to Montevideo as the 1095:, first stating its claim after joining the UN in 1945. Following this claim, the United Kingdom offered to take the dispute over the Falkland Islands Dependencies to mediation at the 879:

found the colony in an uproar. In Pinedo's absence, there had been a mutiny led by a man named Gomila; Mestivier had been murdered and his wife raped. The captain of the French vessel

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officer was not enthusiastic about Royal Navy officers engaged in encouraging commerce and rebuked Smith. Smith resigned and subsequent residents allowed the settlement to stagnate.

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visit in 1833 confirmed the squalid conditions in the settlement, although Captain Matthew Brisbane, Vernet's deputy, later insisted that these were the result of the attack by the

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calling on Argentina to withdraw forces from the Falklands and on both parties to seek a diplomatic solution. Another resolution called for an immediate ceasefire, but this was

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jets, after the completion of a permanent runway funded by the British Government. This service, the only air connection to the islands, was maintained until the 1982 war. Also

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almost continuously since 1833. Argentina has long disputed this claim, having been in control of the islands for a few years prior to 1833. The dispute escalated in 1982, when

8097: 5855: 5825: 1573:, sovereignty was obtained when the islands were formally claimed in Argentina's name in 1820, followed by Argentina's confirmation and effective occupation from 1826 to 1833. 8211: 7421: 7236: 7161: 1643:

British subjects shall not navigate or carry on their fishery, in the said seas, within the space of ten sea-leagues from any part of the coasts already occupied by Spain.

8834: 4792: 378: 1461:, visited London, where he reaffirmed his country's claims to the islands, although he stated that Argentina would use only peaceful means for their recovery. In 2001, 1378:, which granted full British citizenship to the islanders. To show British commitment to the islands, high-profile British dignitaries visited the Falklands, including 1507:

for the territory to remain British. Argentina dismissed this referendum. The British Government urged Argentina and other countries to respect the islanders' wishes.

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of Boxing Day, 1824; the British did not even decide their position on the status of Uruguay, then disputed with the Empire of Brazil, until 1825; George P. Mills,

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of the islanders was paramount. But Argentina did not recognise the rights of the islanders and so negotiations on the sovereignty issue remained at a stalemate.

8498: 6422: 4031: 684:(the nation that would become Argentina) and claimed possession of the islands for the new state. Weddell reported that the letter he received from Jewett read: 568: 3898: 8125: 8025: 1138:

After the two nations signed the Communications Agreement of 1971, whereby external communications would be provided to the Falkland Islands by Argentina, the

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That the UN ratified this inapplicability of self-determination when the Assembly rejected proposals to condition sovereignty on the wishes of the islanders.

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There was a more serious confrontation in 1977 when the Argentine Navy cut off the fuel supply to Port Stanley Airport and said they would no longer fly the

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that had been seized by Vernet brought claims against their insurers and in 1839 these claims reached the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of

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in 1764. The French colony consisted of a small fort and some settlements with a population of around 250. The islands were named after the Breton port of

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Falkland Islands, History, War and Economics. Chapter 2: Beginning of the disputes over the Falkland islands sovereignty among Spanish, British and French

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That the islands have been continuously and peacefully occupied by the UK since 1833, with the exception of "2 months of illegal occupation" by Argentina.

1776:"is not a universally accepted principle of international law" and Argentina could not inherit the islands upon independence anyway as Spain did not have 875:, under the command of its captain, José María Pinedo, then began to patrol the surrounding seas. Upon its return to Puerto Luis on 29 December 1832, the 9283: 9072: 8683: 8559: 7720: 6656: 17: 4764: 883:

had meanwhile provided assistance, disarming and incarcerating the mutineers. Pinedo dispatched the mutineers to Buenos Aires with the British schooner

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to Jorge Pacheco in 1823, and fishing and hunting rights the following year. Pacheco was a businessman from Buenos Aires who owed money to the merchant

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Luis Vernet, appointed by the Buenos Aires government as Military and Civil Commander of Falkland Islands and the Islands adjacent to Cape Horn in 1829

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The Falklands War of 1982 was the largest and most severe armed conflict over the sovereignty of the islands. It started following the occupation of

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by Argentine scrap merchants who included some Argentine Marines. The UK had reduced its presence in the islands by announcing the withdrawal of

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The Falklands/Malvinas Case Breaking The Deadlock in the Anglo-Argentine Sovereignty Dispute, Developments in International Law, V. 40 (Book 40)

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Theoretically, the governor has the power under the 2009 constitution to exercise executive authority; in practice he is obliged to consult the

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That Argentina's attempts to colonise the islands were ineffectual and there was no indigenous or settled population before British settlement.

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The Argentine government argues that it has maintained a claim over the Falkland Islands since 1833. It considers the archipelago part of the

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on 21 May. On 14 June the Argentine forces surrendered and control of the islands returned to the UK. Two Royal Navy ships then sailed to the

9258: 8839: 7916: 7373: 7191: 5745: 5720: 1278:, the Royal Navy's icebreaker ship and only permanent presence in the South Atlantic. The UK had also denied Falkland Islanders full British 3844: 8760: 8042: 7830: 6671: 6584: 6319: 5656: 5606: 4869:"UK Ambassador responds to 'manifestly absurd' Argentine claims (Transcript of a Press Conference held by Ambassador Sir Mark Lyall Grant)" 4654: 4628: 1743: 1670: 1504: 1414: 1268: 5057: 3160:"The Official Position of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Falklands (Malvinas) Question and on the Historical Background" 1760:

That the UK abandoned its settlement in 1774 due to economic pressures, but left a plaque behind proving sovereignty was not relinquished.

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bloc agreed to close ports to ships flying the Falkland Islands flags, whilst other British-flagged ships would continue to be allowed.

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over the islands' sovereignty. The UK has also maintained controls on arms exports to Argentina, although these were relaxed in 1998.

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France was the first country to establish a permanent settlement in the Falkland Islands, with the foundation of Port-Saint-Louis on

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resolutions calling for negotiations "are flawed because they make no reference to the Islanders' right to choose their own future".

779: 442:

at that time. The British were keen to settle the islands as they had the potential to be a strategic naval base for passage around

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after an eight-month voyage and with most of her crew incapacitated by scurvy and other disease. A storm had severely damaged the

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The British squadron to restore sovereignty arrived at Port Egmont on 20 December 1832, and reached Port Louis on 2 January 1833.

8935: 1851:, while the Republic of China on Taiwan (as of 2013) has acknowledged British sovereignty of the Falkland Islands. Although the 1008:, claimed in 1820, the UK unilaterally declared sovereignty over more Antarctic territory south of the Falklands, including the 9014: 8996: 8947: 8601: 7906: 7810: 7649: 7639: 7614: 7539: 7520: 7464: 7347: 7045: 6940: 6607: 4904: 4842: 435: 2182:

the expenses incurred by the St. Malo Company in equipments for founding their intrusive establishments in the Malvina Islands

2165: 8342: 8256: 8177: 7997: 7870: 7845: 7775: 7725: 7664: 7609: 7584: 7579: 7510: 7386: 7352: 7326: 7311: 7246: 7231: 6798: 5945: 5519: 5164: 4600: 3291: 3194: 3116: 3078: 3048: 3002: 2904: 2875: 2831: 2790: 2743: 2716: 2585: 2370: 2327: 2269: 2200: 2085: 1535: 1310: 631: 332: 1843:

countries have expressed support for the Argentine position and called for negotiations to restart at regional summits. The

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governments stated that this announcement did not affect the waters surrounding the islands. Despite the new restrictions,

1466: 1390:. The UK has also pursued links to the islands from Chile, which provided help to British Forces during the Falklands War. 1217: 817:

Although the colony was successful enough to be advertising for new colonists at this time, a report by the captain of the

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spread through the continent. As the Spanish government withdrew, he left behind a plaque claiming sovereignty for Spain.

9148: 8926: 8804: 8794: 8584: 8430: 7880: 7865: 7855: 7840: 7835: 7800: 7770: 7755: 7735: 7669: 7659: 7629: 7564: 7554: 7505: 7444: 7406: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7321: 7316: 7286: 7266: 7066: 7035: 6899: 6894: 6879: 6778: 6622: 6476: 4590: 4445: 3325: 2938: 1882: 1805: 1600: 1516: 1297:

In 1982, Argentina was in the midst of a devastating economic crisis and large-scale civil unrest against the repressive

1119: 711: 4276:

De este modo, a lo largo de 47 años (1764-1811) España ocupó ininterrumpidamente las islas perfeccionando sus derechos.

3960: 3322:"Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, Argentina's Position on Different Aspects of the Question of the Malvinas Islands" 1599:

That the islands are located on the continental shelf facing Argentina, which would give them a claim, as stated in the

1553:

That sovereignty of the islands was transferred to Argentina from Spain upon independence in 1816, a principle known as

985: 514:. He then explored the coasts of the other islands and claimed the archipelago for Britain. The following year, Captain 9103: 8865: 7875: 7815: 7795: 7689: 7654: 7624: 7594: 7559: 7531: 7525: 7515: 7401: 7381: 7306: 7261: 7251: 7241: 6990: 6834: 6829: 6617: 6302: 4102: 3487: 3277:

The reluctant colonization of the Falkland Islands, 1833–1851: a study of British Imperialism in the Southwest Atlantic

2244: 515: 511: 439: 8503: 5151: 4035: 1839:

Argentina has pursued an aggressive diplomatic agenda, regularly raising the issue and seeking international support.

1493:

began drilling for oil on 22 February 2010, about 54 nautical miles (100 km, 62 mi) north of the Falklands.

1114:

and of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and the interests of the population of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)".

1072: 8613: 8579: 8564: 7604: 7549: 7544: 7411: 7391: 7061: 6889: 6849: 6808: 6512: 6483: 6447: 6442: 5840: 5534: 5381: 5368: 5327: 5309: 5261: 4699: 4504: 4262: 3601: 3361: 2617: 2422: 8667: 5007: 4032:"Press conference with Chief Cabinet Aníbal Fernández (Conferencia de Prensa del Jefe de Gabinete Aníbal Fernández)" 1871: 1566:

by not protesting the many years of peaceful and effective Spanish occupation, after the abandonment of Port Egmont.

1442: 9236: 8952: 8628: 8591: 8464: 8335: 7000: 6965: 6884: 6874: 6788: 6562: 6339: 6307: 6279: 5690: 5680: 5256:(in Spanish), Buenos Aires: GEL/Nuevohacer under auspices of Argentine Council for International Relations (CARI), 4806: 4128: 1068: 8789: 8735: 8596: 4394: 1481:, the Argentine president, over sovereignty of the islands, when they met in Chile on his world tour prior to the 639:

on 2 February 1825, but, like the US, did not recognise the full extent of the territory claimed by the new state.

9268: 8695: 8677: 8510: 7040: 7005: 6970: 6955: 6945: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6869: 6824: 6803: 6753: 6723: 6708: 6539: 6394: 6185: 5990: 5815: 5810: 5616: 5571: 5566: 5486: 4984:(in Chinese). Bureau of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). Archived from 3568:"UK held secret talks to cede sovereignty: Minister met junta envoy in Switzerland, official war history reveals" 1911: 1314: 916:

As the United States recognized the British and not the Argentine claim to the islands, the insurers had to pay.

362: 270: 3724: 9133: 9081: 9054: 8816: 8413: 8037: 7030: 7015: 7010: 6995: 6985: 6960: 6950: 6909: 6904: 6859: 6783: 6763: 6758: 6713: 6694: 6567: 6347: 6255: 6105: 5880: 5870: 5710: 5452: 4467:

Convention on the Continental Shelf, Geneva, 29 April 1958. UN.org. The 1958 Convention was superseded by 1982

1875: 1708: 1096: 6738: 4927: 3663: 1166:, which was then the Argentine national oil and gas company, was in charge of supplying the island regularly. 8652: 8544: 8418: 7106: 7025: 6980: 6864: 6844: 6839: 6768: 6718: 6594: 6495: 6459: 6100: 5765: 5675: 5591: 5184: 4197: 1844: 1398: 1111: 606: 492: 476: 8988: 3870: 2469: 2439: 1037: 8885: 8288: 7020: 6854: 6793: 6773: 6552: 6215: 6170: 5730: 5695: 4280:

In this way, during 47 years (1764-1811) Spain uninterruptedly occupied the islands, perfecting its rights.

3749: 1283: 735: 8745: 1326:

contracts with the Argentine military. The United States supported mediated talks, via Secretary of State

8962: 8930: 8880: 8688: 8638: 8529: 6975: 6220: 6125: 6010: 5556: 5409: 4687: 3140:"Islas del Atlántico Sur, Islas Malvinas, Historia, Ocupación británica: Port Stanley (Puerto Argentino)" 1025: 8406: 4743: 1798:

of 1850 (the 'Convention of Settlement') ended all possible claims by Argentina on the Falkland Islands.

9111: 8844: 8618: 6240: 5985: 1903: 1747: 1410: 592: 9067: 3377:

Bluth, Christoph (March 1987). "The British Resort to Force in the Falklands/Malvinas Conflict 1982".

1757:

That the 1771 Anglo-Spanish agreement preserved the claims of both Spain and Britain, not Spain alone.

1185:

and forced it to land in Port Stanley, in an unsuccessful attempt to seize the islands for Argentina.

8235: 6230: 6095: 6025: 6005: 5478: 5445: 5276: 4567: 1666: 1657:"the islands adjacent" includes the Falklands and that the UK renounced any claim by the agreements. 1402: 575:, allowing the British to return to Port Egmont with neither side relinquishing sovereignty claims. 1473:

stated that he regarded gaining sovereignty over the islands as a "top priority" of his government.

8910: 8890: 8447: 8381: 6488: 6402: 6145: 6000: 5494: 5407:

Raimondo, F. (2012). "The Sovereignty Dispute over the Falklands/Malvinas: What Role for the UN?".

4985: 3822: 1914:

summits, Canada has continued to state its support for the islanders' right to self-determination.

1788:

That in 1833 an Argentine garrison was expelled but the civilian residents were encouraged to stay.

1724: 564: 124: 82: 5205: 613:

also used the islands to shelter from the South Atlantic weather and to take on fresh provisions.

9062: 8227: 8203: 7967: 5970: 3922: 3159: 2058: 1899: 1767:

only stipulated against further establishments and did not affect existing claims to sovereignty.

1764: 1482: 1401:, comprising at that time the island groups of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and 1021: 778:

Vernet's attempts to regulate fishing and sealing led to conflict with the United States and the

475:. However, the treaty only promised to restore the territories in the Americas held prior to the 370: 203: 8437: 8401: 4658: 4632: 3184: 1847:

has backed Argentina's sovereignty claim, reciprocating Argentina's support of the PRC claim to

1707:

sovereignty over the islands was "not negotiable". Following a report by the Special Committee,

740: 8870: 8824: 8673: 8296: 6466: 6297: 4871:(Press release). United Kingdom Mission to the United Nations. 10 February 2012. Archived from 3688: 3018: 1868: 1543: 1458: 1339: 1221: 1193: 1009: 1005: 556: 8312: 5337: 5267: 2649: 2527:

recognition from the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded 2 February 1825, in Buenos Aires.

2044:

The Lines of demarcation of Pope Alexander VI and the Treaty of Tordesillas A.D. 1493 and 1494

863:

was appointed interim governor and tasked by the United Provinces with the establishment of a

9212: 8147: 6642: 5129: 4872: 4524: 3353:

The Falklands/Malvinas case: breaking the deadlock in the Anglo-Argentine sovereignty dispute

2414: 2403: 1795: 1682:

In addition, Argentina demonstrates its claim to the islands by stating they are part of its

1259: 1064: 1052:

offered to relinquish any Argentine territorial claims in return for relief of debts owed to

431: 415: 8829: 5107: 3567: 1309:

as the main architect and supporter of the operation, a combined Argentine amphibious force

1142:

broke the islands' airways isolation by opening an air route with an amphibious flight from

8983: 8700: 8264: 8156: 8110: 7437: 7082: 6527: 6085: 4894: 2927: 2577:

The Malvinas, the South Georgias, and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain

1772: 1606:

That Great Britain was looking to extend its territories in the Americas as shown with the

1555: 1539: 1360: 1272: 1171: 1049: 1029: 1013: 1001: 5302:

The Malvinas, the South Georgias and the South Sandwich Islands, the conflict with Britain

4955: 3108:

The Dictionary of Falklands Biography (Including South Georgia): From Discovery Up to 1981

2760:"February 1833: Parallel truths in parallel universes – can that be the only explanation?" 2294: 1020:, grouping them into the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Following the introduction of the 856:. Vernet had returned to Buenos Aires in 1831 before the attack and resigned as governor. 525: 8: 8705: 6367: 6362: 6210: 4568:"The Argentine Seizure of the Malvinas [Falkland] Islands: History and Diplomacy" 4480: 3545: 3036: 2990: 2172:(in Spanish). Dirección General de Cultura y Educación, Buenos Aires Provincia, Argentina 1886: 1848: 1231: 1139: 9027: 8442: 5376:

Hope, Adrián F. J. "Sovereignty and decolonization of the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands."

5083:"Putin rings Cristina Fernandez to praise her Falklands/Crimea double-standard argument" 4252: 4013: 3139: 2920:

s:Report by Silas Duncan Commander U.S.S. Lexington sent to Navy Secretary Levi Woodbury

2551: 8750: 8534: 6646: 6522: 6454: 6357: 6265: 5425: 4899: 4323: 3526: 3507: 3394: 2498:

Recognizing states international society and the establishment of new states since 1776

2146: 1971: 1732: 1355: 1175: 1143: 479:. The Falkland Islands was not held at the time, and were not mentioned in the treaty. 423: 342: 4418: 4174: 2513: 1470: 1354:

Following the 1982 war, the British increased their presence in the Falkland Islands.

8902: 8280: 8047: 6379: 5975: 5912: 5800: 5429: 5364: 5323: 5305: 5286: 5257: 5160: 4695: 4692:

Falkland Islands Review: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors. Chmn.Lord Franks

4596: 4500: 4439:

Although a signatory to the 1958 convention, Argentina never ratified the convention.

4303: 4258: 3800: 3597: 3398: 3357: 3190: 3112: 3074: 3044: 2998: 2900: 2871: 2827: 2739: 2712: 2613: 2581: 2418: 2366: 2323: 2265: 2240: 2138: 1628: 1478: 1379: 1123: 860: 389: 60: 7153:

Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship

4765:"UK says Falklands' self determination is a universal right enshrined in UN charter" 4342: 821:

suggests that the conditions on the islands were quite miserable as a result of the

654: 418:

between those countries agreed that the dividing line between the two should be 370

9217: 8374: 7091: 6557: 6070: 5865: 5835: 5581: 5468: 5417: 4746:(Press release). United Kingdom: Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 21 January 2012 4315: 3386: 2128: 2016: 1815: 1624: 1490: 1238: 970: 715: 463:

Spain made claims that the Falkland Islands were held under provisions in the 1713

306: 302: 4049: 3941: 3299: 2798: 2208: 2093: 1754:

That the UK both claimed and settled the islands in 1765 before Argentina existed.

583: 9202: 8776: 8452: 8195: 7955: 6384: 6250: 6235: 6180: 5940: 5850: 5785: 4547: 4476: 4464: 4442:"Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General- TREATY I-XXI--4.asp" 4398: 4392:

Argentina’s Position on Different Aspects of the Question of the Malvinas Islands

3553: 3534: 3515: 3495: 3351: 3259: 3242: 3147: 3106: 3068: 2865: 2848: 2821: 2733: 2706: 2575: 2520: 2505: 2360: 2317: 2042: 1335: 1213: 1201: 1147: 993: 959: 805:

was allowed to continue its work for Vernet's benefit, but property on board the

744: 551:

in 1767. On 10 June 1770, a Spanish expedition was sent to the British colony at

5180: 9086: 8714: 8710: 8361: 8304: 7194: 6374: 6225: 6190: 6175: 6160: 6045: 6035: 6020: 5900: 5895: 5845: 5830: 5820: 5735: 5705: 5631: 5596: 5561: 5514: 5278:

The Argentine Seizure of the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands: History and Diplomacy

4540: 3390: 2501: 2410: 1975: 1864: 1812: 1703: 1453:

Relations between the UK and Argentina improved further in the 1990s. In 1998,

1327: 1302: 1189: 1092: 1088: 1057: 849: 668: 548: 468: 318: 290: 253: 5421: 4606: 3324:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship. Archived from 2978:

Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle

2388:

The Struggle for the Falkland Islands: A Study in Legal and Diplomatic History

1445:

speaks during a commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War in

1158:; subsequent flights arrived twice weekly. Flights were improved in 1978 with 642: 345:

overwhelmingly prefer to remain British. Following the British victory in the

9252: 9076: 8272: 6260: 6200: 6155: 6130: 6120: 6115: 6015: 5980: 5965: 5906: 5875: 5790: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5740: 5700: 5685: 5662: 5646: 5641: 5621: 5524: 5356: 5228:"OAS declaration in support of Malvinas UK/Argentina talks; Canada disagreed" 4791:. British Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO). March 2012. Archived from 4414: 3725:"Argentine president calls for direct flights from Falklands to Buenos Aires" 3464:"1971 Agreement on Communications between the Falkland Islands and Argentina" 3412:"The Falkland Islands: A history of the 1982 conflict, Preface to a conflict" 2934: 2547: 2142: 1840: 1254: 1197: 1071:, was signed between the United Kingdom and Argentina. It has been argued by 719: 680: 488: 419: 398: 346: 336: 175: 4807:"Falkland Islands: respect overwhelming 'yes' vote, Cameron tells Argentina" 4492: 4129:"Falkland Islands: respect overwhelming 'yes' vote, Cameron tells Argentina" 3961:"Britain and Argentina dispute rights to seabed around the Falkland Islands" 3617: 2952: 887:. Gomila was condemned to exile, while seven other mutineers were executed. 7212: 6352: 6150: 6065: 6055: 5955: 5860: 5551: 5352: 4391: 3965: 3102: 2923: 1852: 1620: 1563: 1454: 1406: 1343: 1084: 1053: 864: 664: 540: 8327: 5387:

Metford, J. C. J. "Falklands or Malvinas? The background to the dispute."

2752: 1723:, Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, stated in the 8457: 6165: 6110: 6080: 6075: 6050: 6040: 5995: 5795: 5651: 5601: 5509: 4156: 4075: 1391: 1383: 1306: 1279: 1159: 1155: 1017: 844: 723: 552: 519: 328: 298: 4473:

Could Oil Exploration of the Falklands Lead to a Renewal of Hostilities?

2166:"Instrumento que otorgó M. Bougainville para la entrega de las Malvinas" 1910:

have competed in nine editions of the Commonwealth Games since 1982. At

9020: 8663: 6245: 6195: 5960: 5950: 5885: 5770: 5504: 4364:

Argentine diplomatic protest for the occupation of the Malvinas in 1833

2150: 1736: 1619:

In 1789, both the United Kingdom and Spain attempted settlement in the

1462: 1208: 1127: 925:

was again necessary, and so the British dispatched a naval squadron to

835: 765: 507: 496: 449: 393: 4327: 4217:"El estoppel y la problemática jurídicopolítica de las Islas Malvinas" 2168:[Document from M. Bougainville for delivery of the Falklands] 1665:

The Argentine claim is included in the transitional provisions of the

1346:, leaving no Argentine presence in the Falkland Islands Dependencies. 1076:

restore "perfect relations of friendship" between the two countries.

616: 8940: 7973:

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

6689: 6135: 6060: 1100: 660: 443: 403: 314: 265: 5058:"Argentina blasts double-standard in addressing Crimea and Malvinas" 5033:"Malvinas/Crimea: Cristina Fernandez blasts UK on 'double standard'" 2133: 2116: 697: 8358: 6205: 5935: 5437: 4343:"Sovereignty and Decolonization of the Makvinas (Falkland) Islands" 4319: 3529:. Asociación Tripulantes de Transporte Aéreo. Argentine Air Force. 3510:. Asociación Tripulantes de Transporte Aéreo. Argentine Air Force. 3261:

El gaucho Antonio Rivero: la mentira en la historiografía académica

3244:

La agresión norteamericana a las Islas Malvinas: Crónica documental

1778: 1694: 1497: 939:

Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833)

597: 560: 472: 453: 411: 323: 36: 5392: 4387: 4385: 4383: 3777:. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 5 November 2009. Archived from 3209: 434:

sailed through Falkland Sound, naming this passage of water after

7152: 6140: 6090: 6030: 5668: 4719:"Falklands: 'No return to the 80s', tacit UK/Argentine agreement" 2287:"Declarations signed by Masserano and Rochford January 22nd 1771" 1885:, which annually recommends dialogue to resolve the dispute. The 1446: 1228: 946: 702: 651: 426:. The Falklands lie on the western (Spanish) side of this line. 4419:"Secession and Self-Determination: A Territorial Interpretation" 4103:"UK 'disappointed' as Argentina turns down talks over Falklands" 3775:"Country Profile: Falkland Islands (British Overseas Territory)" 2262:

The Falklands War: Britain versus the past in the South Atlantic

1992:

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute

1867:

has since voiced sympathy for Argentina's position after former

1818:

ratifies that the Falkland Islands belong to the United Kingdom.

1549:

Supporters of the Argentine position make the following claims:

867:. He arrived at Puerto Luis with his family aboard the schooner 4380: 3041:

Imperial Skirmishes: War and Gunboat Diplomacy in Latin America

2995:

Imperial Skirmishes: War and Gunboat Diplomacy in Latin America

2607: 1997:

East Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Strait of Magellan Dispute

1895: 1860: 1503:

In March 2013 the Falkland Islanders voted overwhelmingly in a

4887: 4789:"Travel Advice: Falkland Islands (British Overseas Territory)" 4250: 1526: 1289: 932: 5108:"United Nations Documents on the Falklands-Malvinas Conflict" 3845:"Britain Eases Post-Falklands Arms Embargo Against Argentina" 1394:

now provides a direct air link to Chile from Mount Pleasant.

1293:

Commander-in-chief of the Argentine Navy, Admiral Jorge Anaya

1103:(1947, 1948 and 1955). On each occasion Argentina declined. 1033: 407: 103: 8140: 4895:"The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008: Schedule" 4157:"Falklands referendum: Voters choose to remain UK territory" 3801:"UN A/RES/37/9. Question of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" 3070:

The Sovereignty Dispute Over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands

2610:

David Jewett; una biografía para la historia de las Malvinas

2059:"Evidence of prehistoric human activity in Falkland Islands" 675:

and had sunk a Portuguese ship pirated by Jewett called the

547:

The Spanish took control of Port Saint Louis and renamed it

27:

Territorial dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom

4175:"Malvinas: la ONU hará más gestiones para abrir el diálogo" 3446:"UN 2065 (XX). Question of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" 3019:"Williams v. Suffolk Insurance Company, 38 U.S. 415 (1839)" 1151: 572: 379:

Sovereignty of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

31: 3450:

Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Fourth Committee

2400: 1702:

In 1964 the Argentine government raised the matter at the

1374:

As well as this military build-up, the UK also passed the

679:. The captain sought assistance from the British explorer 6505: 4347:

Boston College International & Comparative Law Review

3923:"Gordon Brown rejects Argentina's claim to the Falklands" 3750:"The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008 Section 56" 3183:

Pedro Peña, Manuel; Ángel Peña, Juan (20 November 2017).

2573: 2405:

Sovereignty in Dispute: The Falklands/Malvinas, 1493–1982

518:

returned to Saunders Island and constructed a fort named

8482: 4956:"Q&A: Argentina's diplomatic offensive on Falklands" 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4014:"Argentina toughens shipping rules in Falklands oil row" 2676: 375:

Re-establishment of British rule on the Falklands (1833)

6645:

in England, and national diploma / NVQ students attend

5378:

Boston College International and Comparative Law Review

4950: 4948: 4368: 2953:"Commander Silas Duncan and the Falkland Island Affair" 1874:

voiced criticism against countries which condemned the

1746:, in which 99.8% of Falklands voters voted to remain a 797:, for disobeying his restrictions on seal hunting. The 706:

British minister chargé d'affaires, Sir Woodbine Parish

591:

However, in 1774, economic pressures leading up to the

349:, they were granted full British citizenship under the 4744:"Falkland Islanders must be masters of their own fate" 4721:. MercoPress South Atlantic News Agency. 29 March 2010 4214: 3152: 2157: 1627:. On 25 October 1790, these two kingdoms approved the 1043: 757: 4774: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 3043:. Oxford, England: Signal Books Limited. p. 51. 2997:. Oxford, England: Signal Books Limited. p. 50. 2612:(in Spanish). Sudamericana-Planeta. pp. 105–15. 1716:

that the UK's occupation of the Islands was illegal.

814:, to Puerto Luis to retake the confiscated property. 8916:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

4945: 3182: 2899:. New York: University Publishers Inc. p. 106. 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2040: 1976:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1739:, and applies in the case of the Falkland Islanders. 1060:. The British Government chose to ignore the offer. 3566:Norton-Taylor, Richard; Evans, Rob (28 June 2005). 3546:"La Fuerza Aérea en Malvinas desde 1971 hasta 1982" 3210:The Senate and Chamber of Deputies (8 March 2006). 3101:Gurney, Alan (1 June 2008). "Matthew Brisbane". In 2955:. USS Duncan DDR 874 Crew & Reunion Association 1834: 8876:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 8734: 5130:"U.S. Position on the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands" 4553: 4050:"Drilling for oil begins off the Falkland Islands" 3897: 3803:. United Nations General Assembly. 4 November 1982 3565: 2863: 2681:(2nd ed.). Ediciones Peuser. pp. 195–99. 2402: 1881:Since 1964, Argentina has lobbied its case at the 1428:United Nations Special Committee on Decolonisation 356: 4825:"Falkland Islanders' right to self-determination" 4529:. Kalman Dubov. pp. 75ff. GGKEY:PHSWYUL1X8F. 4471:, ratified by Argentina in 1995. Rupert Cornwall 4034:(Press release). 16 February 2010. Archived from 2626: 2315: 2232: 1301:that was governing the country. On 2 April, with 785:of 1831. Vernet seized three American ships, the 698:United Provinces governance with British approval 578: 503:, which remains the French name for the islands. 9250: 5253:Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas 4254:Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas 3899:"Argentina renews campaign over Falklands claim" 3376: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2259: 2086:"Part 1 – The Discovery of the Falkland Islands" 1822: 213: 5351: 5250:Escudé, Carlos; Cisneros, Andrés, eds. (2000), 4541:British Columbia from Earliest Times to Present 4469:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 4076:"Argentina and the Falklands: Rocking the boat" 3498:Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 25 August 2006 3356:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 88–89. 2791:"Part 3 – Louis Vernet: The Great Entrepreneur" 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2672: 2670: 2643:"False Falklands History at the United Nations" 2556:. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. 2401:Hoffman, Fritz L.; Hoffman, Olga Mingo (1984). 2278: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2163: 2083: 1614: 1376:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 1220:, ordered the dispatch of a nuclear submarine, 1000:This was expanded in 1908, when in addition to 625: 367:Timeline of the history of the Falkland Islands 351:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 115: 73: 5281:, US Marine Corps Staff College Research Paper 5249: 5008:"Falkland Islands and Crimea the new cold war" 4843:"Coffey: Falklands are British, not Argentine" 4595:. Juan Carlos Martínez Coll. pp. 252–53. 3643:United Nations Security Council 2350th meeting 3142:. Cpel.uba.ar. Retrieved on 20 November 2011. 2385: 2354: 2352: 2350: 529:French nobleman, Louis Antoine de Bougainville 8343: 8126: 7177: 6672: 5453: 5338:"Sovereignty and the Falkland Islands Crisis" 4526:Journeys to Antarctica: Review & Analysis 3988:"Oil drilling begins in the Falkland Islands" 3539: 3062: 3060: 2777: 2560: 2514:the website of the Argentine Foreign Ministry 1430:as the British Government no longer attends. 533: 8171:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 8043:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 7102:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 5291:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4631:(in Spanish). 22 August 1994. Archived from 4522: 4518: 4516: 4409: 4407: 4208: 4127:Watts, Jonathan; Goni, Uki (12 March 2013). 3914: 3689:"Sanctions during Falkland Islands Conflict" 3174: 3035: 2989: 2857: 2704: 2685: 2667: 2358: 2309: 2187: 2108: 2077: 1660: 1415:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 8357: 4925: 4499:. Buenos Aires: La Nación. pp. 12–17. 4198:"Uti Possidetis Juris: From Rome To Kosovo" 4151: 4149: 3585: 3289: 2347: 1964:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1601:1958 UN Convention on the Continental Shelf 1188:In 1976, Argentina landed an expedition in 1181:In 1966, a group of Argentine nationalists 973:, returned in March 1833 aboard the sealer 933:British return and establishment of control 555:. Facing a greater force, the British were 9284:Territorial disputes of the United Kingdom 8350: 8336: 8133: 8119: 7954: 7184: 7170: 6679: 6665: 5460: 5446: 4713: 4711: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 3933: 3251: 3057: 2867:Argentina and the United States: 1810–1960 2608:da Fonseca Figueira; José Antonio (1985). 2470:"Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation" 8979:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5345:Australian Year Book of International Law 5299: 4513: 4413: 4404: 4374: 4251:Escude, Carlos; Cisneros, Andres (2000). 4195: 4126: 3895: 3501: 3440: 3438: 3422: 3420: 3290:Lewis, Jason; Inglis, Alison (May 1983). 3234: 3066: 2972: 2970: 2897:Argentina and the United States 1810–1960 2201:"Part 2 – Fort St. Louis and Port Egmont" 2164:de Bougainville, Louis (4 October 1766). 2132: 2034: 1530:Falklands War memorial in Argentina, 2015 1342:and expelled the Argentine military from 8212:Patagonia west of the continental divide 8141:Territorial disputes involving Argentina 6413:Falkland Islands General Employees Union 6408:Falkland Islands Development Corporation 5406: 5275:Chenette, Lt Cdr Richard D, USN (1987), 5274: 5198: 4353:(2). Boston College Law School: 413–416. 4146: 3691:. Columbia International Affairs Online. 3682: 3559: 3296:The Long View of the Falklands Situation 3186:Falklands or Malvinas: Myths & facts 2894: 2850:Las Islas Malvinas: una tierra argentina 1941:Map of the Islands, with Argentine names 1693: 1608:British invasions of the Río de la Plata 1562:That the British dropped their claim by 1525: 1436: 1288: 1258: 1135:question of sovereignty of the islands. 958:Captain James Onslow, of the brig-sloop 945: 764: 701: 641: 615: 582: 524: 448: 383: 51: 7211: 7200:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom 6518:Falkland Islands Government Air Service 4835: 4708: 4673: 4533: 4301: 4295: 3958: 3656: 3274: 3268: 2944: 2795:A brief history of the Falkland Islands 2788: 2546: 2540: 2467: 2437: 2394: 2316:Lawrence Freedman (10 September 2012). 2228: 2226: 2205:A brief history of the Falkland Islands 2114: 2090:A brief history of the Falkland Islands 1968:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 156:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata 14: 9251: 4686: 4655:"Constitution of the Argentine Nation" 4588: 4189: 4100: 3939: 3920: 3871:"Blair y Kirchner adelantaron diálogo" 3435: 3417: 3405: 3257: 2967: 2950: 2913: 2379: 2284: 2117:"Sovereignty and the Falklands crisis" 1929:Map of the Islands, with British names 1735:is a universal right enshrined in the 1183:hijacked an Aerolineas Argentinas DC-4 1028:, which overlaps claims by Argentina ( 954:, by Cmdr. William Farrington, c. 1812 587:British Royal Naval Captain John Byron 436:Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland 8331: 8114: 8014: 7953: 7210: 7165: 6660: 5441: 5335: 3910:from the original on 12 January 2022. 3628: 3591: 3370: 3349: 3283: 3240: 3067:Gustafson, Lowell S. (7 April 1988). 2951:Monroe, Alexander G. (27 July 1997). 2847:Ricardo Rodolfo Caillet-Bois (1952). 2390:. Yale University Press. p. 483. 1589:external self-determination doctrine. 1367:was strengthened to include both HMS 1106:In 1965, the United Nations passed a 950:Sketch of a brig-sloop, probably HMS 905:Williams v. Suffolk Insurance Company 9259:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 8188:Disputes settled in the 20th century 8093: 5467: 5173: 4928:"Argentina and the Falkland Islands" 4861: 4491: 4340: 4334: 4244: 3722: 3488:"H.Cámara de Diputados de la Nación" 3481: 3431:. London. 27 April 1982. p. 13. 3133: 2438:Canning, George (15 December 1823). 2223: 1829:Constitution of the Falkland Islands 1467:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 890: 563:control of the Islands. The British 482: 8921:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 5317: 3520: 3452:. United Nations. 16 December 1965. 2823:The History of the Falkland Islands 2735:The History of the Falkland Islands 2708:The History of the Falkland Islands 2468:Canning, George (2 February 1825). 2440:"Foreign Office December 15th 1823" 2291:The history of the Falkland Islands 2233:Laver, Roberto C. (February 2001). 1806:Special Committee on Decolonization 1517:List of Falkland Islands placenames 1371:and a Falkland Islands guard ship. 1044:British-Argentine relations pre-war 919: 859:With the colony in disarray, Major 801:escaped to raise the alarm and the 773: 718:through commerce, granting land on 712:United Provinces of the River Plate 24: 18:Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands 9264:Argentina–United Kingdom relations 5399: 5159:. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2012. 4101:Borger, Julian (1 February 2013). 3942:"Argentina claims vast ocean area" 3896:McDermott, Jeremy (30 June 2006). 3527:"Fokker F-27 Troopship/Friendship" 3279:(Masters). University of Richmond. 3264:. A. Peña Lillo. pp. 235–237. 2574:Laurio Hedelvio Destéfani (1982). 1962:The United Kingdom was called the 1883:Decolonization Committee of the UN 646:American privateer, Colonel Jewett 467:, which defined the limits of the 25: 9295: 9279:Territorial disputes of Argentina 6448:Falkland Islands Community School 6418:Falkland Landholdings Corporation 6298:Falkland Islands pound (currency) 4523:Kalman Dubov (10 November 2020). 4479:, 23 February 2010; cited by the 4423:Yale Journal of International Law 4215:Rizzo Romano; Alfredo H. (1987). 3940:Piette, Candace (22 April 2009). 3921:Bourne, Brendan (28 March 2009). 3664:"U.N. Resolution on Falkland War" 3618:"Secret Falklands fleet revealed" 3216:Chamber of Deputies of the Nation 3189:. Pentian. pp. Appendix II. 2677:Caillet-Bois, Ricardo R. (1952). 2319:Official History of the Falklands 2207:. falklands.info . Archived from 2092:. falklands.info . Archived from 2017:"John Strong | English statesman" 1689: 1510: 456:control over the Falkland Islands 9274:Politics of the Falkland Islands 9232: 9231: 9073:Palestinian expulsion and flight 8092: 8081: 8080: 8064:Prime Ministerial overseas trips 7422:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7237:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7193: 6737: 6688: 5220: 5144: 5122: 5100: 5075: 5050: 5025: 5000: 4974: 4919: 4817: 4799: 4758: 4736: 4657:. 22 August 1994. Archived from 4647: 4621: 4582: 4304:"The Struggle for The Falklands" 3702:"Falkland Islands Patrol Vessel" 3298:. falklands.info. Archived from 3023:Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center 2853:. Ediciones Peuser. p. 209. 2846: 2797:. falklands.info. Archived from 2500:, pp. 68, 77 n. 88, which cites 1934: 1922: 1835:International and regional views 1263:Location of the Falkland Islands 1248: 1200:to dismantle the Argentine base 1122:, son of the Antarctic explorer 927:re-establish direct British rule 659:, under the command of American 283: 264: 246: 215: 196: 168: 148: 117: 96: 75: 53: 8936:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 8871:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 8678:Causes of the Armenian genocide 4485: 4433: 4357: 4285: 4202:Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 4167: 4120: 4094: 4068: 4042: 4024: 4006: 3980: 3959:Bowcott, Owen (23 April 2009). 3952: 3889: 3863: 3837: 3815: 3793: 3767: 3742: 3716: 3694: 3610: 3456: 3343: 3314: 3203: 3111:. D. Tatham. pp. 115–119. 3094: 3029: 3011: 2983: 2888: 2840: 2813: 2725: 2601: 2553:A Voyage Towards the South Pole 2530: 2490: 2461: 2431: 2253: 2047:. Hope & Sons. p. 543. 1315:United Nations Security Council 1245:1982 during the Falklands War. 567:over the issue, but both sides 363:History of the Falkland Islands 357:Historical basis of the dispute 9208:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9082:Zionism as settler colonialism 8038:British entry into World War I 6695:Foreign relations of Argentina 6348:Falkland Islands Defence Force 5153:The Commonwealth Yearbook 2012 4257:(in Spanish). GEL/Nuevohacer. 3645:. 3 April 1982. Archived from 2826:. Anthony Nelson. p. 51. 2789:Lewis, Jason; Inglis, Alison. 2738:. Anthony Nelson. p. 48. 2199:Lewis, Jason; Inglis, Alison. 2127:(3). Chatham House RIIA: 406. 2084:Lewis, Jason; Inglis, Alison. 2051: 2009: 1956: 1876:2014 Crimean status referendum 1872:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 1709:UN General Assembly Resolution 1443:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 1097:International Court of Justice 603:Viceroyalty of the River Plate 579:British and Spanish withdrawal 13: 1: 8178:Southern Patagonian Ice Field 8015: 7107:Southern Patagonian Ice Field 6325:Representative Office, London 5347:, vol. 8, pp. 20–70 5300:Destéfani, Laurio H. (1982), 5185:Commonwealth Games Federation 3292:"Falkland Islands Newsletter" 2819: 2731: 2362:The Falkland Story, 1592–1982 2285:Harris, Chris (27 May 2002). 2041:Samuel Edward Dawson (1899). 2002: 1823:Falkland Islands Constitution 1399:Falkland Islands Dependencies 1112:Charter of the United Nations 895:The American sealing vessels 493:Louis Antoine de Bougainville 477:War of the Spanish Succession 333:Argentina invaded the islands 8289:Laguna del Desierto incident 5361:The Battle for the Falklands 4302:Reisman, W. Michael (1983). 2115:Calvert, Peter (July 1983). 1949: 1906:in their 2012 yearbook. The 1615:The Nootka Sound Conventions 1521: 1284:British Nationality Act 1981 752:Military and Civil Commander 626:Colonel Jewett's declaration 7: 8840:German resistance to Nazism 8696:Persian famine of 1917–1919 7983:International Monetary Fund 7123:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4314:(2). Yale Law School: 299. 3851:. Reuters. 18 December 1998 3825:. United Kingdom Government 3100: 3073:. Oxford University Press. 2870:. SUNY Press. p. 104. 2864:Harold F. Peterson (1964). 1985: 1978:has been in use since 1927. 1349: 1305:commander-in-chief Admiral 1026:British Antarctic Territory 1004:, claimed in 1775, and the 842:declared the islands to be 440:First Lord of the Admiralty 276: 259: 239: 229: 209: 189: 181: 161: 141: 131: 109: 89: 67: 45: 10: 9300: 8845:Nazi foreign policy debate 5304:, Buenos Aires: Edipress, 5242: 4982:"英屬福克蘭群島 Falkland Islands" 4933:. House of Commons Library 3877:(in Spanish). 14 July 2003 3723:Goni, Uki (1 March 2012). 3636:"UN Resolution 502 (1982)" 3508:"Grumman HU-16B Albatross" 3391:10.1177/002234338702400102 3247:. Emecé. pp. 372–373. 3241:Fitte, Ernesto J. (1966). 2648:. May 2012. Archived from 2365:. Anthony Nelson Limited. 1974:in 1922. The current name 1904:British Overseas Territory 1845:People's Republic of China 1748:British Overseas Territory 1514: 1411:British overseas territory 1252: 1038:Antártica Chilena Province 936: 593:American Revolutionary War 534:First sovereignty disputes 414:. The following year, the 360: 9226: 9195: 9159: 9053: 9007: 8993:Second Sino-Japanese War 8971: 8901: 8853: 8815: 8775: 8651: 8473: 8392: 8368: 8246: 8187: 8146: 8076: 8021: 8010: 7963: 7949: 7925: 7899: 7698: 7473: 7335: 7224: 7220: 7206: 7150: 7115: 7075: 7054: 6918: 6817: 6746: 6735: 6701: 6635: 6593: 6538: 6438: 6431: 6393: 6338: 6278: 5926: 5542: 5533: 5485: 5475: 5422:10.1017/S0165070X12000277 5208:. Results.glasgow2014.com 4546:29 September 2007 at the 3823:"UK current arms embargo" 3594:Falkland Islanders at War 3494:27 September 2007 at the 3379:Journal of Peace Research 3350:Laver, Roberto C (2001). 3275:Warnick, Shannon (2008). 2895:Peterson, Harold (1964). 2519:28 September 2011 at the 2264:. McFarland. p. 26. 2260:Daniel K. Gibran (2008). 1684:Tierra del Fuego Province 1667:Constitution of Argentina 1661:Constitution of Argentina 1578:establishment of British 1536:Tierra del Fuego Province 1067:, otherwise known as the 829:raid. The captain of the 761:raid and escalating chaos 714:attempted to control the 632:declared its independence 557:expelled from Port Egmont 8911:Auschwitz bombing debate 8597:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8448:Late Bronze Age collapse 8382:List of military museums 7374:Turks and Caicos Islands 6489:Falkland Islands English 6403:Falkland Islands Company 6146:Pebble Island Settlement 5500:1833 British Reassertion 5206:"Glasgow 2014 - Nations" 5132:. US Department of State 5110:. South Atlantic Council 3596:. Pen & Swords Ltd. 3533:22 February 2014 at the 3514:13 February 2012 at the 3427:"The issue is the law". 1902:listed the islands as a 1148:Grumman HU-16B Albatross 1069:Convention of Settlement 977:during the visit of HMS 8861:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 8720:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 7968:Commonwealth of Nations 6641:) Sixth-formers attend 6573:Christ Church Cathedral 4629:"Constitución Nacional" 4397:9 November 2013 at the 3552:14 January 2007 at the 3218:(in Spanish). Argentina 2386:Goebel, Julius (1927). 2021:Encyclopedia Britannica 1900:Commonwealth of Nations 1765:Nootka Sound Convention 1629:Nootka Sound Convention 1483:2009 G-20 London Summit 1022:Antarctic Treaty System 371:Falkland Crisis of 1770 204:Argentine Confederation 9269:International disputes 8984:"Battle for Australia" 8866:Soviet offensive plans 8835:Broad vs. narrow front 8674:Late Ottoman genocides 8297:Sinking of Chian-der 3 8055:Diplomatic missions of 7721:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7133:Diplomatic missions of 7095: 6523:Mount Pleasant Airport 6467:Falklands Conservation 5391:44.3 (1968): 463–481. 4589:Todini, Bruno (2007). 4497:Los conflictos armados 3592:Bound, Graham (2002). 3258:Tesler, Mario (1971). 3146:15 August 2007 at the 2820:Cawkell, Mary (2001). 2523:. Other sources count 1869:President of Argentina 1699: 1680: 1654: 1645: 1544:South Sandwich Islands 1531: 1459:President of Argentina 1450: 1340:South Sandwich Islands 1294: 1264: 1218:British Prime Minister 1194:South Sandwich Islands 1010:South Sandwich Islands 1006:South Shetland Islands 955: 914: 770: 710:The Government of the 707: 691: 647: 622: 588: 530: 457: 310: 9213:Torsion mangonel myth 9145:Sri Lankan Civil War 8220:Encuentro-Alto Palena 8059:in the United Kingdom 7417:Saint Kitts and Nevis 6643:Peter Symonds College 6423:Falklands Oil and Gas 5495:1770 Falklands crisis 5389:International Affairs 4907:, SI 2008/2846 (sch.) 4905:The National Archives 4795:on 25 September 2012. 4231:on 5 September 2011. 4227:(847). Archived from 2732:Mary Cawkell (2001). 2705:Mary Cawkell (2001). 2409:. Boulder, Colorado: 2359:Mary Cawkell (1983). 2121:International Affairs 1796:Arana-Southern Treaty 1697: 1675: 1649: 1640: 1582:rule on the Falklands 1569:That, in addition to 1529: 1440: 1365:South Atlantic patrol 1311:invaded the Falklands 1292: 1262: 1150:aircraft operated by 1065:Arana-Southern Treaty 949: 909: 871:in October 1832. The 848:(nobody's property). 838:, the captain of the 768: 705: 686: 650:In October 1820, the 645: 619: 586: 528: 452: 416:Treaty of Tordesillas 384:Pre-settlement claims 327:sovereignty over the 182:January–December 1832 8830:"Blitzkrieg" concept 8701:Powder keg of Europe 8576:Franco-Prussian War 8265:Corbeta Uruguay base 8236:Martín García Island 8157:Argentine Antarctica 7675:United Arab Emirates 7438:Special Relationship 7083:Argentine Antarctica 6585:Scouting and Guiding 6528:Port Stanley Airport 6320:Legislative Assembly 5320:Eyewitness Falklands 5318:Fox, Robert (1992), 4463:26 June 2007 at the 4308:The Yale Law Journal 3556:Argentine Air Force. 3037:Graham-Yooll, Andrew 2991:Graham-Yooll, Andrew 1773:uti possidetis juris 1719:On 2 December 1980, 1698:British style police 1571:uti possidetis juris 1556:uti possidetis juris 1409:, became a distinct 1172:Houses of Parliament 1030:Argentine Antarctica 1014:South Orkney Islands 607:revolutionary forces 335:, precipitating the 9166:Russo-Georgian War 9139:Sovereignty dispute 9118:Iranian Revolution 8948:"Polish death camp" 8925:In relation to the 8634:Myth of English aid 8625:War of the Pacific 8402:Albigensian Crusade 8257:Beagle channel maps 8228:Laguna del Desierto 7427:Trinidad and Tobago 7343:Antigua and Barbuda 6330:Sovereignty dispute 5410:Neth. Int. Law Rev. 5336:Greig, D.W (1983), 4875:on 17 February 2013 4831:. 21 December 2018. 4609:on 29 November 2009 4481:Global Policy Forum 4020:. 17 February 2010. 3652:on 3 February 2014. 2941:on 2 February 1832. 2764:Buenos Aires Herald 2512:, p. 203; see also 1887:UN General Assembly 1782:control since 1811. 1192:, an island in the 1140:Argentine Air Force 491:by French explorer 210:January–August 1833 42: 9181:Syrian revolution 9093:Malayan Emergency 9068:1948 Palestine war 8801:Spanish Civil War 8751:War guilt question 8560:American Civil War 8540:Invasion of Russia 8516:New Russian School 6647:Chichester College 6603:Commonwealth Games 6501:Telecommunications 6455:Falkland Islanders 6358:RAF Mount Pleasant 6266:Weddell Settlement 5181:"Falkland Islands" 4988:on 14 October 2013 4900:legislation.gov.uk 4539:E.O.S Scholefield 4082:. 31 December 2011 4056:. 22 February 2010 3994:. 21 February 2010 3849:The New York Times 3754:legislation.gov.uk 3668:The New York Times 3469:. 16 December 2018 3414:. Royal Air Force. 3331:on 6 November 2012 3162:. 16 December 2018 2976:FitzRoy, R. 1839. 2679:Las Islas Malvinas 1972:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1896:the UK left the EU 1733:self determination 1700: 1532: 1451: 1388:Princess Alexandra 1356:RAF Mount Pleasant 1295: 1265: 1176:self-determination 1144:Comodoro Rivadavia 956: 771: 708: 648: 623: 589: 569:concluded a treaty 531: 458: 424:Cape Verde Islands 343:Falkland Islanders 32: 9246: 9245: 9049: 9048: 8927:Armenian genocide 8790:Polish–Soviet War 8785:Burning of Smyrna 8771: 8770: 8761:Reichstag inquiry 8684:Patriotic consent 8555: 8554: 8530:War in the Vendée 8494:French Revolution 8476:century conflicts 8465:Peloponnesian War 8426:Eighty Years' War 8325: 8324: 8281:Hope Bay incident 8108: 8107: 8072: 8071: 8048:Foreign Secretary 8006: 8005: 7993:League of Nations 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7159: 7158: 7142:Visa requirements 7127:List of ministers 6654: 6653: 6631: 6630: 6618:Rifle Association 6578:Roman Catholicism 6380:RRH Byron Heights 6274: 6273: 6086:Johnson's Harbour 5976:Cape Bougainville 5166:978-0-9563060-9-8 4926:Miller, Vaughne. 4771:, 25 January 2013 4694:. Pimlico Books. 4602:978-84-690-6590-7 4177:. Lanacion.com.ar 4038:on 26 March 2010. 3875:BBC World Service 3302:on 6 October 2007 3196:978-1-5243-0127-9 3118:978-0-9558985-0-1 3080:978-0-19-536472-9 3050:978-1-902669-21-2 3004:978-1-902669-21-2 2939:US Navy Secretary 2906:978-0-87395-010-7 2877:978-0-87395-010-7 2833:978-0-904614-55-8 2745:978-0-904614-55-8 2718:978-0-904614-55-8 2587:978-950-01-6904-2 2474:Official document 2444:Official document 2372:978-0-904614-08-4 2329:978-1-135-77589-6 2271:978-0-7864-3736-8 2211:on 6 October 2007 2096:on 6 October 2007 1647:Article 6 reads: 1638:Article 4 reads: 1479:Cristina Kirchner 1423:Executive Council 1380:Margaret Thatcher 1363:. The Royal Navy 1124:Ernest Shackleton 891:American position 861:Esteban Mestivier 741:chargé d'affaires 559:, and Spain took 506:In 1765, Captain 483:Early settlements 465:Treaty of Utrecht 390:Pope Alexander VI 313:) is disputed by 296: 295: 16:(Redirected from 9291: 9235: 9234: 9218:War and genocide 9042: 9028:Résistancialisme 9015:Battle of France 8997:Nanjing Massacre 8851: 8850: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8692: 8642: 8524: 8507: 8480: 8479: 8407:Catharism debate 8393:Pre-18th century 8375:Military history 8352: 8345: 8338: 8329: 8328: 8318: 8308: 8300: 8292: 8284: 8276: 8268: 8260: 8239: 8231: 8223: 8215: 8207: 8199: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8164:Falkland Islands 8159: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8112: 8111: 8096: 8095: 8084: 8083: 8012: 8011: 7951: 7950: 7917:Papua New Guinea 7222: 7221: 7208: 7207: 7198: 7197: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7088:Falkland Islands 6741: 6693: 6692: 6681: 6674: 6667: 6658: 6657: 6436: 6435: 6303:Government House 6071:Hornby Mountains 5540: 5539: 5469:Falkland Islands 5462: 5455: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5373: 5348: 5342: 5332: 5314: 5296: 5290: 5282: 5271: 5266:, archived from 5236: 5235: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5158: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4847:Washington Times 4839: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4813:. 12 March 2013. 4803: 4797: 4796: 4785: 4772: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4715: 4706: 4705: 4684: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4605:. Archived from 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4564: 4551: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4489: 4483: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4444:. Archived from 4437: 4431: 4430: 4411: 4402: 4389: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4273: 4271: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4163:. 12 March 2013. 4153: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4010: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3901: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3640: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3563: 3557: 3543: 3537: 3524: 3518: 3505: 3499: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3330: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3225: 3223: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3150: 3137: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3064: 3055: 3054: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2987: 2981: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2948: 2942: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2786: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2702: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2639: 2624: 2623: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2571: 2558: 2557: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2408: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2356: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2293:. Archived from 2282: 2276: 2275: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2196: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2171: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2136: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2013: 1979: 1960: 1938: 1926: 1908:Falkland Islands 1816:Treaty of Lisbon 1725:House of Commons 1633:Treaty of Madrid 1625:Vancouver Island 1491:Desire Petroleum 992:In Britain, the 971:Matthew Brisbane 920:British response 774:Vernet's actions 736:fledgling colony 303:Falkland Islands 289: 287: 286: 269: 268: 252: 250: 249: 225: 221: 219: 218: 202: 200: 199: 174: 172: 171: 154: 152: 151: 127: 123: 121: 120: 102: 100: 99: 85: 81: 79: 78: 63: 59: 57: 56: 43: 21: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9249: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9222: 9203:Conflict thesis 9191: 9155: 9045: 9036: 9003: 8967: 8897: 8849: 8811: 8777:Interwar period 8767: 8737: 8730: 8722: 8706:Schlieffen Plan 8686: 8647: 8636: 8551: 8518: 8501: 8486: 8475: 8469: 8453:Dorian invasion 8438:Fall of Babylon 8394: 8388: 8387: 8364: 8356: 8326: 8321: 8311: 8303: 8295: 8287: 8279: 8271: 8263: 8255: 8242: 8234: 8226: 8218: 8210: 8204:Puna de Atacama 8202: 8196:Beagle conflict 8194: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8155: 8148:Latent disputes 8142: 8139: 8109: 8104: 8068: 8017: 8002: 7959: 7937: 7921: 7895: 7831:North Macedonia 7694: 7469: 7331: 7216: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7160: 7155: 7146: 7111: 7071: 7050: 6914: 6813: 6742: 6733: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6655: 6650: 6627: 6589: 6568:Anglican parish 6534: 6506:Internet domain 6496:Law Enforcement 6427: 6389: 6385:RRH Mount Alice 6334: 6288:Chief Executive 6270: 6251:Volunteer Point 6236:Stanley Harbour 6181:Port San Carlos 5941:Bay of Harbours 5922: 5529: 5481: 5471: 5466: 5436: 5402: 5400:Further reading 5397: 5380:6 (1983): 391+ 5371: 5340: 5330: 5312: 5284: 5283: 5264: 5245: 5240: 5239: 5234:. 17 June 2015. 5226: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5167: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4954: 4953: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4787: 4786: 4775: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4685: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4635:on 17 June 2004 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4603: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4566: 4565: 4554: 4548:Wayback Machine 4538: 4534: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4477:The Independent 4465:Wayback Machine 4451: 4449: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4412: 4405: 4399:Wayback Machine 4390: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4339: 4335: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4249: 4245: 4213: 4209: 4196:Hasani, Enver. 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3957: 3953: 3938: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3673: 3671: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3564: 3560: 3554:Wayback Machine 3544: 3540: 3535:Wayback Machine 3525: 3521: 3516:Wayback Machine 3506: 3502: 3496:Wayback Machine 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3288: 3284: 3273: 3269: 3256: 3252: 3239: 3235: 3221: 3219: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3148:Wayback Machine 3138: 3134: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3065: 3058: 3051: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3005: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2949: 2945: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2893: 2889: 2878: 2862: 2858: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2801:on 1 April 2010 2787: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2746: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2703: 2686: 2675: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2655:on 4 March 2016 2652: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2627: 2620: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2572: 2561: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2521:Wayback Machine 2506:Woodbine Parish 2496:Mikulas Fabry, 2495: 2491: 2478: 2476: 2466: 2462: 2448: 2446: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2380: 2373: 2357: 2348: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2297:on 16 June 2008 2283: 2279: 2272: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2231: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2197: 2188: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2162: 2158: 2134:10.2307/2618794 2113: 2109: 2099: 2097: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2039: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2005: 1988: 1983: 1982: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1930: 1927: 1855:abstained from 1837: 1825: 1721:Nicholas Ridley 1692: 1671:amended in 1994 1663: 1617: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1471:Néstor Kirchner 1384:Prince of Wales 1352: 1257: 1251: 1214:James Callaghan 1202:Corbeta Uruguay 1120:Lord Shackleton 1073:several authors 1046: 994:Reform Act 1832 941: 935: 922: 893: 776: 763: 745:Woodbine Parish 700: 628: 581: 536: 512:Saunders Island 485: 460: 402:, dividing the 386: 381: 359: 284: 282: 278: 263: 260:April–June 1982 247: 245: 241: 231: 216: 214: 197: 195: 191: 169: 167: 163: 149: 147: 144:– December 1831 143: 133: 118: 116: 111: 97: 95: 92:– February 1811 91: 76: 74: 69: 54: 52: 48:– February 1767 47: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9297: 9287: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9244: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9187: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9175:Responsibility 9172: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9106: 9101: 9100: 9099: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9087:New Historians 9084: 9079: 9065: 9059: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9043: 9031: 9024: 9017: 9011: 9009: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8953:Responsibility 8950: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8933: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8907: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8821: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8807: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8787: 8781: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8748: 8742: 8740: 8729: 8717: 8711:Spirit of 1914 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8681: 8671: 8668:Fischer thesis 8657: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8643: 8631: 8623: 8622: 8621: 8611: 8609:Paraguayan War 8606: 8605: 8604: 8594: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8535:Napoleonic era 8532: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8513: 8508: 8499:Pre-revolution 8490: 8488: 8484:Coalition Wars 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8398: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8378: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8362:historiography 8355: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8309: 8305:Snipe incident 8301: 8293: 8285: 8277: 8269: 8261: 8252: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8232: 8224: 8216: 8208: 8200: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8152: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8090: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8040: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8008: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7998:United Nations 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7978:European Union 7975: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7929: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7741:Czech Republic 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7532:Cayman Islands 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452:Cayman Islands 7448: 7441: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7228: 7226: 7218: 7217: 7204: 7203: 7189: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7166: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7130: 7119: 7117: 7116:Related topics 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7096:Islas Malvinas 7085: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7046:United Kingdom 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6941:European Union 6938: 6933: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6684: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6661: 6652: 6651: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6498: 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5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5691:Eddystone Rock 5688: 5683: 5681:Eddystone Rock 5678: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5546: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5515:Puerto Soledad 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5435: 5434: 5416:(3): 399–423. 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5385: 5374: 5369: 5357:Jenkins, Simon 5349: 5333: 5328: 5315: 5310: 5297: 5272: 5270:on 28 May 2007 5262: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5219: 5197: 5172: 5165: 5143: 5121: 5099: 5074: 5049: 5024: 4999: 4973: 4962:. 14 June 2012 4944: 4918: 4886: 4860: 4834: 4816: 4798: 4773: 4757: 4735: 4707: 4700: 4688:Franks, Oliver 4672: 4661:on 4 June 2011 4646: 4620: 4601: 4581: 4552: 4532: 4512: 4505: 4484: 4448:on 16 May 2008 4432: 4415:Brilmayer, Lea 4403: 4379: 4375:Gustafson 1988 4367: 4356: 4333: 4320:10.2307/796308 4294: 4284: 4263: 4243: 4207: 4188: 4166: 4145: 4119: 4093: 4067: 4041: 4023: 4005: 3992:Channel 4 News 3979: 3951: 3932: 3913: 3888: 3862: 3836: 3814: 3792: 3781:on 24 May 2011 3766: 3741: 3715: 3693: 3681: 3655: 3627: 3609: 3602: 3584: 3558: 3538: 3519: 3500: 3480: 3455: 3434: 3416: 3404: 3369: 3362: 3342: 3313: 3282: 3267: 3250: 3233: 3202: 3195: 3173: 3151: 3132: 3117: 3093: 3079: 3056: 3049: 3028: 3010: 3003: 2982: 2966: 2943: 2912: 2905: 2887: 2876: 2856: 2839: 2832: 2812: 2776: 2751: 2744: 2724: 2717: 2684: 2666: 2625: 2618: 2600: 2586: 2559: 2548:Weddell, James 2539: 2529: 2502:George Canning 2489: 2460: 2430: 2423: 2411:Westview Press 2393: 2378: 2371: 2346: 2328: 2308: 2277: 2270: 2252: 2246:978-9041115348 2245: 2222: 2186: 2156: 2107: 2076: 2050: 2033: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1865:Vladimir Putin 1841:South American 1836: 1833: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1813:European Union 1809: 1802: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1768: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1742:That the 2013 1740: 1704:United Nations 1691: 1690:United Kingdom 1688: 1662: 1659: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610:years earlier. 1604: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1523: 1520: 1512: 1511:Current claims 1509: 1449:, 2 April 2012 1351: 1348: 1336:San Carlos Bay 1328:Alexander Haig 1319:Resolution 502 1303:Argentine Navy 1299:military junta 1253:Main article: 1250: 1247: 1190:Southern Thule 1093:United Nations 1089:British Empire 1058:City of London 1045: 1042: 986:Gaucho murders 984:Following the 934: 931: 921: 918: 892: 889: 775: 772: 762: 756: 699: 696: 669:Puerto Soledad 627: 624: 580: 577: 571:on 22 January 565:threatened war 549:Puerto Soledad 535: 532: 501:Îles Malouines 484: 481: 469:Spanish Empire 385: 382: 358: 355: 319:United Kingdom 311:Islas Malvinas 294: 293: 291:United Kingdom 280: 274: 273: 261: 257: 256: 254:United Kingdom 243: 237: 236: 233: 232:– January 1834 227: 226: 223:United Kingdom 211: 207: 206: 193: 192:– January 1833 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 165: 164:– January 1832 159: 158: 145: 139: 138: 135: 129: 128: 113: 110:September 1771 107: 106: 93: 87: 86: 71: 65: 64: 49: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9296: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9238: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160:Post-Cold War 9158: 9150: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9134:Falklands War 9132: 9130: 9129:Iran–Iraq War 9127: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9077:Ongoing Nakba 9074: 9071: 9070: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9040: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008:Western Front 9006: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8989:Bengal famine 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8942: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8903:The Holocaust 8900: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8854:Eastern Front 8852: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8814: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8774: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8733: 8726: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8685: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8650: 8640: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8586: 8585:Paris Commune 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8570:Turning point 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8522: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8505: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8478: 8474:18th and 19th 8472: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8419:Islamic views 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8391: 8384: 8383: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8360: 8353: 8348: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8273:Falklands War 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8136: 8131: 8129: 8124: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8101: 8100: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8079: 8078: 8075: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8020: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7988:Latin America 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7948: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7806:Liechtenstein 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7432:United States 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7187: 7182: 7180: 7175: 7173: 7168: 7167: 7164: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6799:United States 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6691: 6682: 6677: 6675: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6613:Football team 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6261:Weddell Point 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6201:Rincon Grande 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186:Port Stephens 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6156:Pleasant Peak 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6131:New Year Cove 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6121:Mount Weddell 6119: 6117: 6116:Mount Usborne 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6016:Eagle Passage 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5981:Cape Pembroke 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Byron Heights 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5907:West Falkland 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5686:Elephant Cays 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5663:East Falkland 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5622:Burdwood Bank 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5525:Falklands War 5523: 5521: 5520:1982 invasion 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5370:0-330-35284-9 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5353:Hastings, Max 5350: 5346: 5339: 5334: 5331: 5329:0-7493-1215-7 5325: 5321: 5316: 5313: 5311:950-01-6904-5 5307: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5280: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5263:950-694-546-2 5259: 5255: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5207: 5201: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5168: 5162: 5155: 5154: 5147: 5131: 5125: 5109: 5103: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4929: 4922: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4745: 4739: 4732: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4703: 4701:9780712698405 4697: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4585: 4569: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4527: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4506:950-49-1123-4 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4377:, p. 34. 4376: 4371: 4365: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4341:Hope (1983). 4337: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4288: 4281: 4279: 4266: 4264:950-694-546-2 4260: 4256: 4255: 4247: 4240: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4176: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4081: 4080:The Economist 4077: 4071: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3904:The Telegraph 3900: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3824: 3818: 3802: 3796: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3670:. 5 June 1982 3669: 3665: 3659: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3631: 3624:, 1 June 2005 3623: 3619: 3613: 3605: 3603:1-84415-429-7 3599: 3595: 3588: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3465: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3430: 3423: 3421: 3413: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3365: 3363:9789041115348 3359: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3262: 3254: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3230: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3177: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3120: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3103:Tatham, David 3097: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2971: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2936: 2935:Levi Woodbury 2932: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2860: 2852: 2851: 2843: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2680: 2673: 2671: 2651: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2621: 2619:950-37-0168-6 2615: 2611: 2604: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2533: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2504:'s letter to 2503: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2457: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2426: 2424:0-86531-605-8 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2397: 2389: 2382: 2374: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2343: 2331: 2325: 2322:. Routledge. 2321: 2320: 2312: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2248: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2229: 2227: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2183: 2167: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2111: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2065:. Chris Hogan 2064: 2063:Science Daily 2060: 2054: 2046: 2045: 2037: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1955: 1937: 1932: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1712:(Malvinas)". 1710: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1685: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1540:South Georgia 1538:, along with 1537: 1528: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397:In 1985, the 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:South Georgia 1357: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1269:South Georgia 1261: 1256: 1255:Falklands War 1249:Falklands War 1246: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1198:Royal Marines 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063:In 1850, the 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050:General Rosas 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:South Georgia 998: 995: 990: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 966: 964: 963: 953: 948: 944: 940: 930: 928: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 846: 841: 837: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 813: 812:USS Lexington 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 782: 767: 760: 755: 753: 748: 746: 742: 737: 731: 729: 728:Susannah Anne 725: 721: 720:East Falkland 717: 713: 704: 695: 690: 685: 682: 681:James Weddell 678: 674: 670: 667:, arrived in 666: 662: 658: 657: 653: 644: 640: 638: 637:recognised it 633: 618: 614: 610: 608: 604: 599: 594: 585: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 542: 541:French livres 527: 523: 521: 517: 516:John MacBride 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489:East Falkland 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 455: 451: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 400: 399:Inter caetera 395: 391: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 354: 352: 348: 347:Falklands War 344: 340: 338: 337:Falklands War 334: 330: 326: 325: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 292: 281: 275: 272: 267: 262: 258: 255: 244: 238: 234: 228: 224: 212: 208: 205: 194: 190:December 1832 188: 184: 180: 177: 176:United States 166: 162:December 1831 160: 157: 146: 140: 136: 134:– August 1829 132:February 1811 130: 126: 125:Great Britain 114: 108: 105: 94: 90:February 1767 88: 84: 83:Great Britain 72: 66: 62: 50: 44: 39: 38: 30: 19: 9138: 9108:Six-Day War 9104:Algerian War 9075: / 9034:Vichy France 9026: 9019: 8929: / 8817:World War II 8713: / 8380: 8373: 8313: 8163: 8098: 8085: 7956:Multilateral 7635:Saudi Arabia 7530: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7372: 7302:South Africa 7137:in Argentina 7087: 6729:South Africa 6638: 6608:Cricket team 6548:Coat of arms 6472:Human rights 6353:Mare Harbour 6329: 6293:Constitution 6256:Walker Creek 6066:Hope Harbour 6011:Dunnose Head 5956:Brenton Loch 5905: 5661: 5479:Port Stanley 5413: 5408: 5388: 5377: 5360: 5344: 5322:, Mandarin, 5319: 5301: 5277: 5268:the original 5252: 5231: 5222: 5210:. 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Retrieved 2020: 2011: 1970:, following 1958: 1892: 1880: 1853:Soviet Union 1838: 1826: 1804:That the UN 1777: 1771: 1718: 1714: 1701: 1681: 1676: 1664: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1621:Nootka Sound 1618: 1579: 1570: 1564:acquiescence 1554: 1548: 1533: 1502: 1496:In 2011 the 1495: 1487: 1475: 1455:Carlos Menem 1452: 1432: 1419: 1407:Clerke Rocks 1396: 1373: 1368: 1353: 1344:Thule Island 1332: 1296: 1274: 1266: 1240: 1233: 1223: 1206: 1187: 1180: 1168: 1137: 1133: 1116: 1105: 1085:World War II 1082: 1078: 1062: 1054:Barings Bank 1047: 999: 991: 983: 978: 974: 967: 961: 957: 951: 942: 923: 915: 910: 904: 900: 896: 894: 884: 881:Jean Jacques 880: 876: 872: 868: 865:penal colony 858: 853: 843: 839: 830: 826: 825:seizure and 822: 818: 816: 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 780: 777: 758: 749: 732: 727: 709: 692: 687: 676: 672: 665:David Jewett 655: 649: 629: 611: 590: 546: 537: 505: 500: 486: 462: 459: 428: 422:west of the 397: 387: 341: 322: 297: 242:– April 1982 240:January 1834 68:January 1765 35: 34:Timeline of 29: 9037: [ 8972:Pacific War 8756:Article 231 8746:Reparations 8723: [ 8687: [ 8664:Color books 8653:World War I 8637: [ 8614:War of 1812 8519: [ 8502: [ 8487:(1792–1815) 8458:Sea Peoples 8443:Gallic Wars 8267:(1976–1982) 8259:(1898–1984) 7912:New Zealand 7886:Switzerland 7826:Netherlands 7645:South Korea 7620:Philippines 7600:North Korea 7481:Afghanistan 7067:New Zealand 7036:Switzerland 6900:South Korea 6895:Philippines 6880:North Korea 6779:El Salvador 6623:Rugby union 6368:1435 Flight 6363:1312 Flight 6166:Port Howard 6111:Mount Maria 6106:Mount Alice 6081:Hoste Inlet 6051:Green Patch 6041:Goose Green 5996:Circum Peak 5781:North Point 5510:Port Egmont 5136:22 February 5114:22 February 4992:26 November 4966:22 February 4937:22 February 4916:. Chapter 1 4613:27 February 4493:Luna, Félix 4270:4 September 4060:22 February 3674:20 November 3473:16 December 3385:(1): 5–20. 3166:16 December 1307:Jorge Anaya 1280:citizenship 1224:Dreadnought 1160:Fokker F-28 1156:Fokker F-27 1018:Graham Land 845:res nullius 724:Luis Vernet 553:Port Egmont 520:Port Egmont 432:John Strong 329:archipelago 299:Sovereignty 230:August 1833 142:August 1829 70:– July 1770 9253:Categories 9170:Background 9021:Guilty Men 8963:Uniqueness 8886:Background 8881:Winter War 8805:Background 8738:Versailles 8592:Great Game 7933:Yugoslavia 7861:San Marino 7821:Montenegro 7680:Uzbekistan 7575:Kyrgyzstan 7570:Kazakhstan 7501:Bangladesh 7491:Azerbaijan 7297:Somaliland 7277:Mozambique 6991:Montenegro 6835:Bangladesh 6830:Azerbaijan 6649:in England 6246:Teal Inlet 6216:San Carlos 6171:Port Louis 6101:Mount Adam 5961:Bull Point 5951:Bluff Cove 5913:West Point 5856:Seal Rocks 5801:Phillimore 5776:North East 5505:Hope Place 5232:Mercopress 5092:2 November 5087:MercoPress 5067:2 November 5062:MercoPress 5042:2 November 5037:MercoPress 5017:2 November 5012:MercoPress 4769:MercoPress 4570:. May 2008 4429:: 177–202. 4112:26 January 4086:16 January 3759:7 February 2980:. Vol. II. 2711:. Nelson. 2413:. p. 2003:References 1966:until the 1863:president 1751:Argentina. 1744:referendum 1737:UN charter 1515:See also: 1505:referendum 1463:Tony Blair 1441:President 1403:Shag Rocks 1282:under the 1209:Red Ensign 1128:Royal Navy 1108:resolution 1083:Following 937:See also: 901:Breakwater 836:Montevideo 799:Breakwater 795:Breakwater 630:Argentina 510:landed on 508:John Byron 497:Saint-Malo 394:Papal bull 361:See also: 112:– May 1774 46:April 1764 8941:Pius Wars 8736:Treaty of 8395:conflicts 8314:Soberanía 8248:Incidents 8031:1814–1919 8016:Diplomacy 7958:relations 7907:Australia 7811:Lithuania 7650:Sri Lanka 7640:Singapore 7615:Palestine 7540:Indonesia 7521:Hong Kong 7465:Venezuela 7348:Argentina 7215:relations 7213:Bilateral 7062:Australia 6890:Palestine 6850:Indonesia 6809:Venezuela 6513:Transport 6484:Languages 6443:Education 6136:North Arm 6126:New Haven 6061:Hill Cove 5928:Locations 5866:Speedwell 5836:Sandy Bay 5582:Beauchene 5535:Geography 5477:Capital: 5430:145587892 3929:. London. 3927:The Times 3855:6 January 3829:6 January 3577:5 January 3429:The Times 3399:145424339 3335:4 January 3124:15 August 2930:Lexington 2525:effective 2510:Argentina 2143:0020-5850 2026:15 August 1950:Footnotes 1794:That the 1763:That the 1635:in 1814. 1576:That the 1522:Argentina 1369:Endurance 1275:Endurance 1273:HMS 1239:HMS 1232:HMS 1222:HMS 1101:The Hague 1048:In 1841, 960:HMS 854:Lexington 840:Lexington 831:Lexington 827:Lexington 819:Lexington 781:Lexington 759:Lexington 739:minister 661:privateer 444:Cape Horn 404:New World 392:issued a 388:In 1493, 315:Argentina 301:over the 279:– present 277:June 1982 271:Argentina 9237:Category 9055:Cold War 8958:Slovakia 8545:Waterloo 8414:Crusades 8359:Military 8087:Category 7871:Slovakia 7846:Portugal 7776:Holy See 7726:Bulgaria 7665:Thailand 7610:Pakistan 7585:Mongolia 7580:Malaysia 7511:Cambodia 7387:Colombia 7353:Barbados 7336:Americas 7327:Zimbabwe 7312:Tanzania 7247:Ethiopia 7232:Botswana 7076:Disputes 7021:Slovenia 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facto 561:de facto 539:618,108 473:Americas 454:De facto 412:Portugal 406:between 324:de facto 317:and the 37:de facto 9196:Related 9149:Origins 9112:Origins 9063:Origins 8619:Origins 8565:Origins 8431:Origins 8099:Commons 8026:History 7900:Oceania 7891:Ukraine 7851:Romania 7791:Ireland 7786:Iceland 7781:Hungary 7766:Germany 7761:Georgia 7751:Estonia 7746:Denmark 7731:Croatia 7716:Belgium 7711:Austria 7706:Albania 7685:Vietnam 7590:Myanmar 7496:Bahrain 7486:Armenia 7460:Uruguay 7445:Bermuda 7397:Grenada 7292:Somalia 7282:Namibia 7272:Morocco 7257:Liberia 7092:Spanish 7055:Oceania 7041:Ukraine 7006:Romania 6976:Ireland 6971:Hungary 6956:Germany 6946:Finland 6936:Croatia 6931:Austria 6926:Andorra 6870:Lebanon 6825:Armenia 6804:Uruguay 6754:Bolivia 6724:Morocco 6709:Algeria 6540:Culture 6460:Origins 6432:Society 6395:Economy 6231:Stanley 6141:Orqueta 6091:Lafonia 6031:Fox Bay 6026:Fitzroy 6006:Douglas 5991:Chatham 5901:Weddell 5846:Sea Dog 5821:Ruggles 5786:Passage 5736:Hummock 5706:Golding 5669:Lafonia 5632:Carcass 5597:Bleaker 5562:Barclay 5544:Islands 5487:History 5363:, Pan, 5243:Sources 5190:21 July 4911:4 April 4879:27 July 4750:30 June 4725:4 April 4665:17 June 4639:17 June 3998:4 April 3972:4 April 3881:14 June 3734:1 March 3708:1 March 3306:19 July 3105:(ed.). 2959:28 June 2805:19 July 2769:30 June 2659:27 July 2537:169–71. 2479:29 July 2456:Canning 2449:29 July 2301:28 June 2215:19 July 2151:2618794 2100:19 July 1861:Russian 1447:Ushuaia 1317:issued 1056:in the 897:Harriet 877:Sarandí 873:Sarandí 869:Sarandí 823:Harriet 807:Harriet 787:Harriet 716:islands 694:event. 677:Carlota 673:Heroína 656:Heroína 652:frigate 499:as the 471:in the 420:leagues 307:Spanish 40:control 9185:Causes 9122:Causes 9097:Causes 8891:Spirit 8825:Causes 8795:Causes 8660:Causes 8629:Causes 8602:Causes 8580:Causes 8511:Causes 8317:(1978) 8307:(1958) 8299:(1986) 8291:(1965) 8283:(1952) 8275:(1982) 8238:(1973) 8230:(1994) 8222:(1966) 8214:(1902) 8206:(1904) 8198:(1984) 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