158:
1373:". The "Soviet people" were said to be a "new historical, social, and international community of people having a common territory, economy, and socialist content; a culture that reflected the particularities of multiple nationalities; a federal state; and a common ultimate goal: the construction of communism." Russian was meant to become the common language of this community, considering the role that Russian was playing for the nations and nationalities of the Soviet Union. However, in 1978, Soviet authorities had to face the opposition of thousands of Georgians, who gathered in downtown Tbilisi to hold mass demonstration after Soviet officials accepted removal of the constitutional status of the
1126:
790:
1803:
904:
1791:
1767:
843:
1398:
287:
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173:
818:
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804:
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1420:). On 9 April 1989, Soviet troops were used to break up a peaceful demonstration at the government building in Tbilisi. Twenty Georgians were killed and hundreds wounded. The event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many—even some Georgian communists—to conclude that independence was preferable to Soviet unity and would provide Georgia with a chance to fully integrate both South Ossetia and Abkhazia, whose peoples were still loyal to the Union.
1320:
1381:
on April 14, 1978, Moscow approved
Shevardnadze's reinstatement of the constitutional guarantee the same year. April 14 was established as a Day of the Georgian Language. In 1981, massive celebrations took place in honour of the republic's 60th anniversary, with a mass event taking place in front of
1346:
officials to build their own regional power base. A thriving pseudo-capitalist shadow economy emerged alongside the official state-owned economy. While the official growth rate of the economy of the
Georgia was among the lowest in the USSR, such indicators as savings level, rates of car and house
276:
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ownership were the highest in the Union, making
Georgia one of the most economically successful Soviet republics. Among all the union republics, Georgia had the highest number of residents with high or special secondary education.
1416:. Towards the end of the late 1980s, increasingly violent clashes occurred between the Communist authorities, the resurgent Georgian nationalist movement and nationalist movements in Georgia's minority-populated regions (notably
245:
1366:. Shevardnadze ascended to the post of First Secretary with the blessings of Moscow. He was an effective and able ruler of Georgia from 1972 to 1985, improving the official economy and dismissing hundreds of corrupt officials.
1452:
1423:
On
October 28, 1990, democratic parliamentary elections were held. On November 14 a transitional period was declared until the restoration of Georgia's independence and in this regard, the republic changed its name to
1463:
in August, which was supported by a declining number of hardliners. However, this was unrecognized by the Soviet government and
Georgia remained a part of the Soviet Union until its collapse in December 1991.
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272:
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243:
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never reached as far as
Georgia. The country contributed almost 700,000 fighters (350,000 were killed) to the Red Army, and was a vital source of textiles and munitions. During this period
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244:
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was signed, which established the common borders between Turkey and the three
Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union. Georgian SSR was forced to cede Georgian-dominated
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623:
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in the course of the 19th century. The
Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. Until 1936 it was a part of the
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339:
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On 14 November 1990, article 6 on the monopoly of the
Communist Party of Georgia on power was excluded from the Constitution of the Georgian SSR
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However, Georgia was invaded by
Bolshevik troops in early 1921, and a Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was proclaimed on 25 February.
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is not estimated, but some scholars suggest it varies from 30,000 to 60,000. During the purges, many eminent Georgian intellectuals such as
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1358:, the country's interior minister between 1964 and 1972, gained a reputation as a fighter of corruption and engineered the removal of
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1311:. He also abolished their respective autonomous republics. The Georgian SSR was briefly granted some of their territory until 1957.
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took over the country and proclaimed the establishment of the Georgian SSR. Some small-scale battles between Bolshevik troops and
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within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the
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990:
1942:
From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh
1133:
In 1922 the Georgian SSR was incorporated into Soviet Union. From March 12, 1922, to December 5, 1936, it was part of the
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Avalishvili, Levan: "The “Great Terror” of 1937–1938 in Georgia: Between the Two Reports of Lavrentiy Beria" in the
1335:'s policy of de-Stalinization that was accompanied by an offhanded remark he made about Georgians at the end of his
3227:
3169:
2180:
1417:
1354:, it became so widespread and blatant in Georgia that it came to be an embarrassment to the authorities in Moscow.
1090:
also took place in Western Georgia. In March 1921 the government of the Georgian Democratic Republic was forced in
942:, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the
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17:
1711:"Закон об объявлении переходного периода в республике Грузия — Российский правовой портал: Библиотека Пашкова"
1621:
1577:. Geronti Kikodze (1954) Notes of a Contemporary, first published in 1989, Mnatobi, Issue 1, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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2100:
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1050:, multi-party system, but faced some internal and external problems. Georgia was dragged into wars against
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on the basis of the Independence Act of 26 May 1918. The majority of voters voted in favor of the act.
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The decentralisation program introduced by Khrushchev in the mid-1950s was soon exploited by Georgian
3520:
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1845:(October 1988), "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921–1928",
1746:
1401:
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572:
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Shevardnadze's appointment as Soviet Foreign Minister in 1985 brought his replacement in Georgia by
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Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia
1523:
1059:
907:
2680:
2389:
1547:
1157:. In 1936, the TSFSR was dissolved and Georgia became the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1026:
was formed, though it only lasted for a month before being replaced by three new states: the
2787:
2464:
1412:, a conservative and generally ineffective Communist who coped poorly with the challenges of
1180:
2069:
1665:
1082:. On 25 February, after a one-week offence by the Red Army, Tbilisi fell to the Bolsheviks.
3196:
2690:
1252:
1216:
1200:
524:
498:
445:
424:
2015:
1094:. On March 2 of the following year the first constitution of Soviet Georgia was accepted.
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8:
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2577:
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2416:
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2023:
2002:
1981:
1963:
1945:
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1909:
1888:
1885:
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939
1870:
1829:
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378:
137:
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1826:
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus
1659:
1616:, ‘The "Second Economy" of the USSR’, Problems of Communism, vol. 26 no. 5, 1977,
3547:
3023:
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1901:
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513:
430:
427:
382:
207:
2020:
The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus
1211:
officials also suffered the purges. Many prominent Georgian Bolsheviks, such as
3342:
1821:
1268:
1264:
1232:
1192:
1098:
1055:
955:
2057:
Anchabadze, George: "Mass Terror in the USSR: The Story of One Family" in the
1858:
1692:
3604:
3505:
3400:
3377:
3335:
3247:
3118:
1693:"საქართველოს გასაბჭოების 60 წლისთვისადმი მიძღვნილი საზეიმო დემონსტრაცია 1981"
1437:
1370:
1272:
1260:
745:
457:
439:
421:
404:
394:
354:
341:
1960:
Familiar Strangers: The Georgian Diaspora and the Evolution of Soviet Empire
3530:
3363:
3315:
1772:
Map of the Georgian & Abkhazian Socialist Soviet Republics in 1922–1931
1304:
1248:
1176:
292:
3500:
1730:
1413:
1256:
1114:
1428:". Georgia (excluding Abkhazia) was one of the six republics along with
3542:
1280:
1062:
in rural regions accounted for some Soviet-backed peasants' revolts in
865:
1120:
970:
on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.
229:
Sakartvelos sabch’ota sotsialist’uri resp’ublik’is sakhelmts’ipo himni
3455:
2988:
2334:
1319:
1288:
1067:
978:
3510:
3113:
2546:
2409:
2001:(Second ed.), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press,
1710:
1386:
1377:
as Georgia's sole official state language. Bowing to pressure from
1369:
In the 1970s Soviet authorities adopted a new policy of forming a "
1292:
1276:
1244:
943:
749:
466:
448:
321:
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2356:
1731:Референдум о восстановлении независимости Грузии 31 марта 1991 г.
1654:
1300:
1079:
1071:
1019:
861:
333:
1446:
referendum was held on the restoration of Georgia's independence
3320:
3088:
2649:
2629:
2371:
1978:
Red Nations: The Nationalities Experience in and after the USSR
1924:
Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him
1308:
1110:
1106:
1011:
974:
873:
251:
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as one of the republics to secede just four months before the
2099:
1204:
1063:
225:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი
1699:
from the original on 2021-12-12 – via www.youtube.com.
1743:"АКТ о Восстановлении Государственной Независимости Грузии"
1046:
come to power in Georgia. It tried to establish a moderate
1808:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957–1991
1796:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944–1955
1784:
Map of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1931–1943
1980:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
1129:
Members of the first Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR
2333:
2045:
Georgia, land of the Golden Fleece, reveals its riches
934:
from its second occupation (by Russia) in 1921 to its
1530:
Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
1528:
1263:, an ethnic Georgian, ordered the deportation of the
981:
to the west. Within the Soviet Union it bordered the
2048:
a propaganda pamphlet about the GSSR from the 1960s.
1962:, Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press,
1590:
The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953
1121:
Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics
952:
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
824:
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
1175:The exact number of Georgians executed during the
233:"Anthem of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"
1506:sakartvelos sabch'ota sotsialist'uri resp'ublik'a
1352:corruption was hardly unknown in the Soviet Union
973:Geographically, the Georgian SSR was bordered by
3602:
1519:Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика
95:Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика
1364:First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
938:. Coterminous with the present-day republic of
2066:Georgian museum of Soviet Occupation, Tbilisi.
1887:, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,
1493:
1440:who boycotted participation in the March 1991
1167:(OGPU) and was transferred to Moscow in 1938.
115:
79:
43:
27:Union republic of the Soviet Union (1921–1991)
3686:States and territories disestablished in 1991
2562:
2319:
2085:
1633:. Department of Peace and Conflict Research,
1329:about a hundred Georgian students were killed
1145:. During this period the province was led by
1078:invaded Georgia from the south and headed to
1024:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
129:
93:
57:
2022:, New York City: New York University Press,
1247:oilfields was one of the main objectives of
59:Социалистическая Советская Республика Грузия
3696:1991 disestablishments in Georgia (country)
1593:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 102.
1495:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა
1392:
81:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა
45:საქართველოს სოციალისტური საბჭოთა რესპუბლიკა
3701:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
3681:States and territories established in 1921
2569:
2555:
2326:
2312:
2092:
2078:
1658:; James Nichol; Darrell L. Slider (1996).
1163:became head of the Georgian branch of the
1074:. In 1921, the crisis came to a head. The
285:
1726:
1724:
1544:The Europa World Year Book 2004, Volume I
3691:1921 establishments in Georgia (country)
1921:
1900:
1864:
1396:
1323:Workers at a factory in the Georgian SSR
1318:
1124:
902:
2014:
1939:
1820:
1586:
1117:within Georgian SSR under Soviet rule.
962:on November 14, 1990, and subsequently
214:"Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
14:
3603:
1882:
1721:
203:Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, sheertdit!
193:პროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით!
2550:
2307:
2073:
1975:
1957:
1906:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
1841:
1314:
1235:were removed from office and killed.
1058:, while the rapid spread of ideas of
810:Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia
291:Location of Georgia (red) within the
2576:
1993:
1255:in June 1941, but the armies of the
36:Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia
1307:for alleged collaboration with the
24:
3611:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
2861:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
1442:union-wide preservation referendum
1389:on Tbilisi's Constitution Square.
916:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
72:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
3712:
3626:20th century in Georgia (country)
2711:Unification of the Georgian realm
2059:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 22
2053:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 22
2037:
1999:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1637:. p. 149. University of Uppsala,
1165:Joint State Political Directorate
946:prior to the first occupation of
2956:
2830:Absorption by the Russian Empire
2535:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1661:Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
1006:On November 28, 1917, after the
1001:
841:
816:
802:
788:
268:
241:
171:
156:
1926:, New York City: Random House,
1813:
1735:
1402:Flag of the Republic of Georgia
1331:when they demonstrated against
1238:
968:dissolution of the Soviet Union
729:• Independence recognized
3616:Communism in Georgia (country)
2846:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2513:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1867:The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule
1703:
1685:
1648:
1607:
1580:
1571:
1536:
1505:
1482:
1473:
1036:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
796:Democratic Republic of Georgia
645:Soviet invasion and occupation
13:
1:
3636:Republics of the Soviet Union
2101:Republics of the Soviet Union
1664:. DIANE Publishing. pp.
1461:failed coup against Gorbachev
1203:were executed or sent to the
1149:, the first secretary of the
932:republics of the Soviet Union
325:independent state (1990–1991)
3106:Russian-occupied territories
2937:Timeline of Georgian history
2292:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR
2064:საქართველოს ეროვნული მუზეუმი
1944:, New York City: Routledge,
1869:, New York City: Routledge,
1745:. www.rrc.ge. Archived from
1467:
1028:Georgian Democratic Republic
693:• Sovereignty declared
7:
1529:
1016:Transcaucasian Commissariat
10:
3717:
3676:1990s in Georgia (country)
3671:1980s in Georgia (country)
3666:1970s in Georgia (country)
3661:1960s in Georgia (country)
3656:1950s in Georgia (country)
3651:1940s in Georgia (country)
3646:1930s in Georgia (country)
3641:1920s in Georgia (country)
3631:Post–Russian Empire states
3621:Former socialist republics
2665:Christianization of Iberia
1908:, London: Reaktion Books,
1379:mass street demonstrations
1155:Communist Party of Georgia
1151:Georgian Central Committee
996:
977:to the south-west and the
3562:
3493:
3436:
3301:
3292:
3223:
3214:
3140:
3131:
3104:
3064:
2974:
2965:
2954:
2899:
2838:
2820:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2793:Principality of Mingrelia
2673:
2597:
2588:
2533:
2503:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2495:
2455:Principality of Mingrelia
2435:
2380:
2349:
2345:
2260:
2237:
2199:
2158:
2115:
2108:
1922:Rayfield, Donald (2004),
1859:10.1080/09668138808411783
1587:Parrish, Michael (1996).
1550:(45th ed.). London:
1518:
1494:
1170:
1032:First Republic of Armenia
910:of the Georgian SSR, 1923
879:
857:
767:
756:
741:
737:
727:
714:
701:
691:
677:
664:
654:
641:
637:
629:
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219:
189:
152:
147:
130:
116:
94:
80:
58:
44:
34:
3074:Administrative divisions
2815:Shah Abbas I's invasions
2778:Principality of Abkhazia
2721:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2487:Principality of Samtskhe
2460:Principality of Abkhazia
2422:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1940:Saparov, Arsène (2015),
1828:, London: Curzon Press,
1393:End of the Soviet period
2783:Principality of Svaneti
2706:Kingdom of the Iberians
2610:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
2470:Principality of Svaneti
1958:Scott, Erik R. (2016),
1865:Marshall, Alex (2010),
1554:. 2004 . p. 1806.
1097:On 13 October 1921 the
1060:revolutionary socialism
1044:Social Democratic Party
1040:parliamentary elections
908:Order of the Red Banner
889:
882:
2681:Principality of Iberia
2390:Principality of Iberia
1976:Smith, Jeremy (2013),
1883:Martin, Terry (2001),
1629:June 30, 2007, at the
1548:Europa World Year Book
1455:on 9 April 1991 under
1444:. On 31 March 1991, a
1405:
1324:
1130:
911:
117:საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა
2825:1795 Persian Invasion
2788:Principality of Guria
2465:Principality of Guria
1453:declared independence
1400:
1322:
1189:Vakhtang Kotetishvili
1181:Mikheil Javakhishvili
1128:
989:to the south and the
954:, which existed as a
906:
718:Independence declared
371:Common languages
355:41.72250°N 44.79250°E
3421:World Heritage Sites
3004:Environmental issues
1620:Cornell, Svante E.,
1253:invasion of the USSR
1217:Mamia Orakhelashvili
1201:Dimitri Shevardnadze
1113:, which was granted
1054:and remnants of the
936:independence in 1991
499:Mamia Orakhelashvili
2871:Independent Georgia
2701:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2615:Kura–Araxes culture
2605:Prehistoric Georgia
2395:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2261:Non-union republics
2251:Transcaucasian SFSR
1995:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1695:. 8 November 2017.
1552:Europa Publications
1426:Republic of Georgia
1356:Eduard Shevardnadze
1221:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
1135:Transcaucasian SFSR
1084:Georgian Bolsheviks
993:to the south-east.
960:Republic of Georgia
705:Republic of Georgia
610:Besarion Gugushvili
351: /
311:Transcaucasian SFSR
108:Republic of Georgia
3263:Telecommunications
2891:Russo-Georgian War
2805:Kingdom of Kakheti
2773:Kingdom of Imereti
2768:Turkmen incursions
2763:Samtskhe atabegate
2726:Kingdom of Georgia
2696:Emirate of Tbilisi
2686:Bagrationi dynasty
2482:Kingdom of Kakheti
2450:Kingdom of Imereti
2445:Kingdom of Georgia
2427:Emirate of Tbilisi
2404:Principalities of
2337:states throughout
2245:Karelo-Finnish SSR
2016:Zürcher, Christoph
1822:Cornell, Svante E.
1457:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1410:Jumber Patiashvili
1406:
1337:anti-Stalin speech
1327:On March 9, 1956,
1325:
1315:Post-Stalin period
1137:together with the
1131:
1115:political autonomy
1022:. On April 22 the
1008:October Revolution
985:to the north, the
964:became independent
912:
703:• Renamed to
573:Head of government
562:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
431:socialist republic
360:41.72250; 44.79250
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3451:Ethnic minorities
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3288:
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3192:Political parties
3155:Foreign relations
3127:
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2952:
2951:
2856:Red Army invasion
2800:Kingdom of Kartli
2758:Timur's invasions
2741:Battle of Didgori
2716:Kingdom of Hereti
2645:Kingdom of Iberia
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2508:Republic of Guria
2477:Kingdom of Kartli
2417:Kingdom of Hereti
2301:
2300:
2233:
2232:
2029:978-0-81-479709-9
2008:978-0-25-320915-3
1987:978-0-52-112870-4
1969:978-0-19-939637-5
1951:978-0-41-565802-7
1933:978-0-37-575771-6
1915:978-1-78-023030-6
1894:978-0-80-143813-4
1876:978-0-41-541012-0
1843:Jones, Stephen F.
1835:978-0-70-071162-8
1717:. 6 January 2010.
1527:
1384:General Secretary
1375:Georgian language
1360:Vasil Mzhavanadze
1333:Nikita Khrushchev
1291:peoples from the
930:, was one of the
901:
900:
892:South Ossetian AO
853:
852:
849:
848:
829:
828:
656:• Formation
554:• 1990–1991
547:Filipp Makharadze
539:• 1922–1923
506:• 1989–1990
491:• 1921–1922
464:semi-presidential
305:independent state
277:
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131:Республика Грузия
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3079:Cities and towns
3014:Greater Caucasus
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2922:Military history
2907:Names of Georgia
2753:Mongol invasions
2625:Colchian culture
2620:Trialeti culture
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2130:Azerbaijan SSR
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1847:Soviet Studies
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1193:Paolo Iashvili
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1099:Treaty of Kars
1056:Ottoman Empire
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2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
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2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:Modern period
2494:
2488:
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2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
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2443:
2442:
2440:
2436:High and Late
2434:
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2418:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
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2287:
2284:
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2275:
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2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2225:Moldavian SSR
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2150:Ukrainian SSR
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
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2081:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1749:on 2012-11-20
1748:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1675:0-7881-2813-2
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1644:
1643:91-506-1600-5
1640:
1636:
1635:Report No. 61
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1600:0-275-95113-8
1596:
1592:
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1561:1-85743-254-1
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1502:
1491:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Baltic States
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:South Ossetia
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Soviet people
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:Joseph Stalin
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:Reaching the
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
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1140:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:Georgian Army
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:11th Red Army
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:Establishment
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
909:
905:
893:
886:
881:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:
858:Today part of
856:
840:
838:
835:
834:
831:
825:
822:
815:
814:
811:
808:
801:
800:
797:
794:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Soviet rouble
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
722:
719:
713:
709:
706:
700:
696:
690:
686:
682:
676:
672:
669:
663:
659:
653:
649:
646:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
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614:
611:
608:
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593:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:
560:
551:
548:
545:
536:
532:
528:
526:
525:Head of state
522:
518:
515:
512:
503:
500:
497:
488:
484:
480:
478:
474:
468:
465:
462:
459:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:parliamentary
444:
441:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
416:
415:
413:
409:
406:
405:State atheism
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
335:
332:
328:
324:
323:
317:
312:
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
283:
257:
253:
230:
226:
222:
218:
209:
204:
198:
192:
188:
180:
174:
165:
159:
151:
146:
139:
125:
103:
89:
67:
53:
33:
30:
19:
3531:Saint George
3516:Coat of arms
3482:
3438:Demographics
3425:
3311:Architecture
3277:
3233:Central bank
3165:Human rights
3145:Constitution
3093:
3066:Subdivisions
3053:
2941:
2860:
2851:Armenian War
2518:Georgian SSR
2517:
2274:Bukharan SSR
2268:SSR Abkhazia
2210:Estonian SSR
2163:Russian SFSR
2145:Russian SFSR
2140:Georgian SSR
2139:
2125:Armenian SSR
2044:
2019:
1998:
1977:
1959:
1941:
1923:
1905:
1884:
1866:
1850:
1846:
1825:
1814:Bibliography
1751:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1737:
1714:
1705:
1687:
1679:
1660:
1650:
1634:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1543:
1538:
1484:
1475:
1450:
1422:
1407:
1368:
1349:
1341:
1326:
1305:Central Asia
1295:; they were
1249:Adolf Hitler
1242:
1239:World War II
1225:Budu Mdivani
1177:Great Purges
1174:
1159:
1139:Armenian SSR
1132:
1103:Artvin Okrug
1096:
1005:
987:Armenian SSR
983:Russian SFSR
972:
927:
926:, or simply
924:Georgian SSR
923:
919:
915:
913:
778:Succeeded by
777:
772:
757:Calling code
723:9 April 1991
602:• 1991
587:• 1922
453:
435:
417:
320:
309:Part of the
293:Soviet Union
255:
228:
220:
191:Motto:
190:
179:State emblem
29:
3473:Health care
3228:Agriculture
2999:Earthquakes
2736:Seljuk wars
2438:Middle Ages
2383:Middle Ages
2294:(1990–1991)
2288:(1990–1991)
2286:Abkhaz ASSR
2282:(1920–1924)
2280:Khorezm SSR
2276:(1920–1924)
2270:(1921–1931)
2253:(1922–1936)
2247:(1940–1956)
2238:Short-lived
2215:Latvian SSR
2200:Annexed in
2186:Kirghiz SSR
2176:Turkmen SSR
2103:(1922–1991)
1618:quoted from
1414:perestroika
1404:, 1990–2004
1297:transported
1257:Axis powers
1038:. The 1919
966:before the
773:Preceded by
763:881/882/883
620:Legislature
461:multi-party
443:multi-party
358: /
318:(1936–1991)
313:(1922–1936)
307:(1921–1922)
264:(1990–1991)
237:(1946–1990)
182:(1981–1990)
166:(1951–1990)
112:(1990–1991)
76:(1936–1990)
40:(1921–1936)
3605:Categories
3543:Saint Nino
3371:Mingrelian
3352:Languages
3187:Parliament
3160:Government
2748:Golden Age
2181:Kazakh SSR
1753:2019-12-10
1281:Karapapaks
948:annexation
866:Azerbaijan
683:dissolved
436:1990–1991:
418:1921–1990:
411:Government
391:Mingrelian
346:44°47′33″E
343:41°43′21″N
3456:Georgians
3446:Education
3396:Mythology
3273:Transport
3238:Companies
3197:President
3150:Elections
3049:Volcanoes
2989:Black Sea
2967:Geography
2876:Civil War
2691:Arab rule
2655:Roman era
2350:Antiquity
2191:Uzbek SSR
2171:Tajik SSR
2109:Principal
1680:Abkhazia.
1524:romanized
1511:‹See Tfd›
1501:romanized
1468:Footnotes
1350:Although
1289:Balkarian
1068:Samegrelo
979:Black Sea
428:one-party
401:Religion
3585:Category
3511:Borjgali
3466:Diaspora
3411:Religion
3357:Georgian
3348:Gambling
3306:Alphabet
3182:Military
3133:Politics
3114:Abkhazia
3009:Glaciers
2912:Monarchs
2900:By topic
2582:articles
2410:Klarjeti
2335:Georgian
2117:Founders
2018:(2007),
1997:(1994),
1904:(2012),
1824:(2001),
1697:Archived
1627:Archived
1490:Georgian
1451:Georgia
1436:and the
1387:Brezhnev
1293:Caucasus
1277:Karachay
1245:Caucasus
1141:and the
1042:saw the
1034:and the
944:Caucasus
742:Currency
467:republic
449:republic
387:Ossetian
375:Georgian
322:De facto
197:Georgian
124:Georgian
88:Georgian
52:Georgian
3569:Outline
3494:Symbols
3331:Cuisine
3294:Culture
3268:Tourism
3216:Economy
3089:Regions
3084:Tbilisi
3029:Mammals
2994:Climate
2979:Borders
2932:Battles
2640:Colchis
2635:Diauehi
2590:History
2578:Georgia
2523:Georgia
2362:Colchis
2357:Diauehi
2339:history
1526::
1515:Russian
1434:Moldova
1430:Armenia
1301:Siberia
1265:Chechen
1153:of the
1080:Tbilisi
1072:Dusheti
1052:Armenia
997:History
940:Georgia
928:Georgia
890:In the
883:In the
870:Georgia
862:Armenia
837:Georgia
748:(Rbl) (
716:•
679:•
666:•
643:•
630:History
589:(first)
541:(first)
493:(first)
458:Unitary
440:Unitary
422:Unitary
379:Russian
334:Tbilisi
330:Capital
260:"Glory"
221:Anthem:
138:Russian
102:Russian
66:Russian
3590:Portal
3501:Anthem
3416:Sports
3326:Cinema
3321:Chokha
3253:Mining
3243:Energy
3044:Rivers
2917:States
2839:Modern
2674:Middle
2650:Lazica
2630:Mushki
2580:
2408:&
2372:Lazica
2367:Iberia
2026:
2005:
1984:
1966:
1948:
1930:
1912:
1891:
1873:
1832:
1672:
1641:
1597:
1558:
1492::
1273:Ingush
1269:German
1171:Purges
1111:Adjara
1107:Turkey
1030:, the
1020:Tiflis
1012:Russia
975:Turkey
922:, the
874:Russia
633:
604:(last)
577:
556:(last)
529:
508:(last)
481:
383:Abkhaz
300:Status
256:Dideba
252:დიდება
223:
134:
120:
98:
84:
62:
48:
3576:Index
3548:cross
3536:cross
3526:Motto
3478:Women
3401:Names
3391:Music
3386:Media
3343:Dance
3019:Lakes
2984:Birds
2598:Early
2381:Early
1309:Nazis
1209:Party
1205:Gulag
1092:exile
1064:Racha
681:TSFSR
303:Semi-
3521:Flag
3484:more
3461:List
3427:more
3378:Svan
3336:Wine
3279:more
3170:LGBT
3095:more
3055:more
2943:more
2927:Wars
2202:1940
2161:the
2024:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1303:and
1287:and
1231:and
1199:and
1070:and
1048:left
914:The
395:Svan
164:Flag
3364:Laz
3316:Art
2406:Tao
1855:doi
1666:186
1299:to
1251:'s
1105:to
1010:in
750:SUR
3607::
1851:40
1849:,
1723:^
1713:.
1678:.
1668:.
1564:.
1546:.
1521:,
1517::
1508:;
1498:,
1432:,
1339:.
1283:,
1279:,
1275:,
1271:,
1267:,
1227:,
1223:,
1219:,
1215:,
1207:.
1195:,
1191:,
1187:,
1183:,
1066:,
761:+7
2570:e
2563:t
2556:v
2327:e
2320:t
2313:v
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
1857::
1756:.
1645:.
1603:.
1533:)
1503::
1488:(
1424:"
894:.
887:.
752:)
210:)
206:(
199:)
195:(
140:)
136:(
126:)
122:(
104:)
100:(
90:)
86:(
68:)
64:(
54:)
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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