20:
134:
accepted a creation in the early 7th century, but the title is clearly attested only from the early 9th century on. In the 9th-century lists of precedence (
19:
442:
102:
195:, the dignity corresponds to specific positions in the lower tier of the senior civil and military hierarchy, such as those of
452:
76:
107:, both of which were types of palace guards in the 4th–6th centuries. The earliest references to the title occur in the
418:
243:. The last attested mention of the title is in 1094, and it was dropped from use at the latest in the 12th century.
437:
384:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
409:
251:
The title is rarely encountered in popular culture, but in Season 3, Episode 3 of the historical drama series
447:
238:
362:
136:
120:
8:
382:
414:
404:
400:
388:
252:
175:
The dignity was not given to eunuchs, for whom the corresponding dignity was that of
361:
Vikings: Valhalla (2022–2024) Full Cast & Crew. IMDB, Internet Movie
Database.
274:
269:
are depicted receiving it as reward for a victory in Sicily. Hardrada is played by
222:
263:
256:
116:
206:
182:
61:
53:
392:
431:
32:
131:
38:
185:
evidence, the dignity was associated mostly with mid-level ranks, such as
230:
214:
88:
378:
151:
143:
94:
270:
260:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
198:
196:
186:
176:
167:
161:
149:
141:
100:
92:
73:
46:
30:
24:
363:
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11311302/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm
157:
112:
413:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1936.
156:
among the dignities intended for 'bearded men' (i.e. non-
191:
and lower judges. In the lists of offices known as the
343:
319:
255:, the characters representing the Byzantine general
331:
307:
429:
16:Byzantine court dignity, 7th–11th centuries.
66:
18:
399:
301:
430:
297:
295:
293:
291:
289:
246:
443:Guards units of the Byzantine Empire
377:
349:
337:
325:
313:
211:(commander of a frontier district),
387:. London: Oxford University Press.
140:), the dignity ranks below that of
13:
410:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
286:
14:
464:
403:(1991). "Spatharokandidatos". In
259:and the Viking Harald Sigurdsson
79:used in the 7th–11th centuries.
125:
355:
1:
280:
453:Byzantine titles and offices
273:, and Maniakes is played by
261:
237:
235:(divisional commander) of a
229:
221:
213:
205:
197:
187:
177:
168:
162:
160:). Its distinctive insigne (
150:
142:
101:
93:
47:
31:
25:
7:
87:The title was created as a
10:
469:
371:
82:
172:) worn around the chest.
57:
219:(deputy commander) of a
365:retrieved 12 July 2024.
438:Byzantine court titles
178:spatharokoubikoularios
166:) was a golden chain (
67:
42:
22:
203:(senior secretary),
121:Leo III the Isaurian
72:, was a mid-ranking
448:Medieval bodyguards
352:, pp. 150–151.
328:, pp. 22, 134.
115:and in a letter by
41:(10th/11th century)
405:Kazhdan, Alexander
401:Kazhdan, Alexander
247:In Popular Culture
148:and above that of
68:spatharocandidatus
48:Spatharokandidatos
43:
26:spatharokandidatos
257:Georgios Maniakes
253:Vikings: Valhalla
58:σπαθαροκανδιδᾶτος
23:Seal of Niketas,
460:
424:
396:
366:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
275:Florian Munteanu
268:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
190:
180:
171:
165:
155:
147:
129:
127:
106:
98:
70:
59:
50:
36:
28:
468:
467:
463:
462:
461:
459:
458:
457:
428:
427:
421:
374:
369:
360:
356:
348:
344:
336:
332:
324:
320:
312:
308:
304:, p. 1936.
300:
287:
283:
264:Harald Hardrada
249:
181:. Judging from
124:
117:Pope Gregory II
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
466:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
426:
425:
419:
397:
373:
370:
368:
367:
354:
342:
340:, p. 150.
330:
318:
306:
284:
282:
279:
248:
245:
207:kleisourarches
183:sigillographic
128: 717–741
91:of the titles
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
465:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
433:
422:
420:0-19-504652-8
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
364:
358:
351:
346:
339:
334:
327:
322:
316:, p. 26.
315:
310:
303:
298:
296:
294:
292:
290:
285:
278:
276:
272:
267:
265:
258:
254:
244:
241:
240:
233:
232:
225:
224:
217:
216:
209:
208:
201:
200:
194:
189:
184:
179:
173:
170:
164:
159:
154:
153:
146:
145:
139:
138:
133:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
104:
97:
96:
90:
80:
78:
77:court dignity
75:
71:
69:
63:
55:
51:
49:
40:
35:
34:
33:chartoularios
27:
21:
408:
383:
357:
345:
333:
321:
309:
302:Kazhdan 1991
250:
192:
174:
135:
132:John B. Bury
108:
86:
65:
45:
44:
39:Cibyrrhaeots
379:Bury, J. B.
231:tourmarches
215:topoteretes
119:to Emperor
89:portmanteau
432:Categories
393:1046639111
281:References
152:spatharios
144:dishypatos
103:kandidatos
95:spatharios
350:Bury 1911
338:Bury 1911
326:Bury 1911
314:Bury 1911
271:Leo Suter
199:asekretis
169:maniakion
74:Byzantine
62:Latinized
381:(1911).
188:notarioi
163:brabeion
407:(ed.).
372:Sources
193:Taktika
158:eunuchs
137:Taktika
109:History
83:History
37:of the
417:
391:
113:Sebeos
239:thema
227:, or
223:tagma
54:Greek
415:ISBN
389:OCLC
99:and
29:and
130:).
111:of
64:as
60:),
434::
288:^
277:.
126:r.
56::
423:.
395:.
266:)
262:(
123:(
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.