69:
428:
533:
87:
94:
76:
137:
153:
165:
345:
this etymology is linguistically impossible. The Slovak and the Polish name could not be derived from
Hungarian Szepes because the combination "consonant-e-consonant-e-consonant" is valid and common in Slovak (but also in other Slavic languages) without any need for phonetic adaptation and similar
804:
Historically, economic activity in the region has been based principally on agriculture and forestry (formerly mining, too), which explains why Spiš belongs to the relatively poor regions of
Slovakia. Since the late 19th century, tourism has helped the local economy, and
764:(or Slovak-Polish dialect continuum by some considered a language), especially elders. They consider themselves as Slovaks and, in present, speak mostly Slovak language. Official Slovak 2011's census reported only 3084 Poles living in Slovakia.
502:, the so-called "districtus Podoliensis", was incorporated only in the 1290s. The northern border of the county stabilized in the early 14th century. Around 1300, the royal county became a noble county.
255:
513:
settlers had been invited to the territory from the mid-12th century onwards. The settlements founded by them in southern Spiš were mainly mining settlements (later towns). Consequently, until
696:
After World War II the prewar borders of Spiš were restored, with most of the county going to
Czechoslovakia, and a small part to Poland. In 1948, it became part of the newly created
789:
777:
742:
The current ethnic composition of the region, however, is much different. As mentioned above, many Jews and ethnic
Germans were removed or left during World War II.
739:
comprised the following nationalities: Slovaks 50.4%, (58.2%, 58%), Germans 35% (25%, 25%), Carpatho-Rusyns 13.8% (8.4%, 8%) and 0.7% (6%, 6%) Magyars (Hungarians).
713:
414:. Throughout its history, the territory has been characterized by a large percentage of forests - in the late 19th century, as much as 42.2% of Spiš was forest.
685:
forces approached from the east at the end of 1944, most of the ethnic
Germans in Spiš fled westward, between mid-November 1944 and 21 January 1945 (see also
712:), whose borders however were completely different from those of the present-day regions of the same name. From July 1960 it became part of the newly created
1230:
760:; literally Highlanders). Although a negligible number in census terms, they are a distinctive minority with their own culture, and speak a dialect of
278:. The region is not an administrative division in its own right, but between the late 11th century and 1920 it was an administrative county of the
643:
602:
In 1868, 21 Spiš settlements sent their demands, the 'Spiš Petition', to the Diet of the
Kingdom of Hungary, requesting special status for
274:(more specifically encompassing 14 villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory, but it is also the name of one of the 21
68:
325:. Spiš probably means "a cut forest". The theory is supported also by the fact that almost all early Latin documents mention Spiš as
992:
1220:
1036:
943:
The present population of the Spiš region is about 320,000; almost half the population lives in towns, the largest of which are
1215:
490:) was created in the 2nd half of the 12th century. In the 1250s the border of the Kingdom of Hungary shifted to the north to
1144:
1040:
275:
1225:
1116:
973:
735:
According to censuses carried out in the
Kingdom of Hungary in 1869 (and later in 1900 and 1910) the population of
673:) from 1940 to 1945. Slovakia joined the Axis, and the Polish part of Spiš (together with the Polish part of the
881:
Spiš today is one of
Slovakia's 21 tourist regions but, unlike its predecessor, is not an administrative region.
833:
National Park at the Slovak-Polish border. Other tourist destinations include the region's historical sites like
483:
869:
Castle. The tourism industry has developed rapidly in Spiš, aided by the introduction of regular flights to
1171:
217:
391:
136:
627:
948:
905:
592:
93:
933:
564:
838:
626:), amounting to 195 km after an internal border dispute had been confirmed to be part of
379:
86:
842:
666:
478:
at the end of the 11th century, when the border of the
Kingdom ended near the modern town of
196:
17:
917:
901:
866:
576:
499:
387:
858:
411:
206:
494:
and in 1260 even further to the north (the
Dunajec River). The northeastern region around
75:
8:
1107:
Kamocki, J.; Skawiński, M. "Problemy etniczności a narodowości na przykładzie Spiszu" In
584:
929:
686:
568:
518:
475:
333:
318:- to stab, to cut → prefixed form sъ-pich-jь → after palatalization and extinction of
279:
246:
346:
changes are not documented. On the other hand, the assumed phonetic adaptation Slavic
1112:
1028:
1024:
969:
615:
596:
556:
342:
53:
354:
depends on well known changes in the Hungarian language like vowel insertion (i.e.
1210:
889:
885:
705:
697:
690:
453:
1148:
822:
793:
773:
761:
631:
395:
259:
238:
113:
1141:
674:
619:
427:
402:
in the east. The core of the Spiš region is formed by the basins of the rivers
303:
834:
646:. In 1923 Slovak Spiš was divided between the newly formed Sub-Tatra county (
108:
1204:
1186:
1173:
810:
746:
736:
522:
510:
464:
437:
283:
892:
and is covered approximately by the following six administrative districts:
654:). In 1928-1939 and 1945-1948 it was part of the newly created Slovak Land (
682:
662:
560:
532:
514:
383:
1071:
Ondruš, Šimon (1980). "Pôvod názvov stovenských vrchov, hradov a stotíc".
1020:
580:
526:
491:
1130:
Spisz i Orawa w 75. rocznicę powrotu do Polski północnych części obu ziem
814:
781:
635:
506:
445:
367:
952:
897:
862:
479:
355:
818:
806:
449:
1016:
920:
District that had been within Saris county and three villages of the
622:. A tiny part of the territory (situated in today's Poland below the
399:
187:
1008:
909:
850:
403:
119:
1075:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenská akadémia vied. pp. 281–282.
1032:
1000:
996:
724:
603:
572:
529:. Many smaller settlements were populated by settlers from Poland.
495:
267:
158:
925:
846:
1004:
913:
830:
678:
371:
665:, when Czechoslovakia was divided, Spiš was part of independent
436:
The history of the region until 1920 is given in more detail at
307:
1044:
1012:
944:
937:
921:
893:
870:
854:
753:
639:
588:
468:
407:
271:
213:
192:
180:
170:
124:
575:. Among the towns that for 360 years belonged to Poland were:
559:, 16 towns, two castles and a number of villages in Spiš were
375:
1163:
460:
310:) - a (cut) stick, a piece of wood or sugar, etc. Old Slavic
230:
609:
785:
623:
329:(or with similar transcription) - the name of forest area.
723:
In 1993, Czechoslovakia was split and Spiš became part of
749:
settlements and Romani are a substantial minority there.
467:(Veľká Morava), and after its dissolution became part of
319:
517:
Spiš had a large German population (called Zipsers; see
474:
The southern part of the territory was conquered by the
1111:
Gładkiewicz R., Homza M. (eds.) Wrocław: Lewocz, 2003.
772:
In Spiš are the biggest and oldest churches such as a
677:) was transferred to Slovakia. During the war all the
884:
Since 1996, Spiš has been divided between the modern
689:). Their property was confiscated after the war (see
398:, currently the longest in Slovakia), to the town of
459:The territory of Spiš was later populated first by
1109:Terra Scepusiensis. Stav badań nad dziejami Spiszu
386:in the south, and a line running from the town of
341:– nice, beautiful → Szepes. However, according to
873:Airport and improving rail and road connections.
618:in 1920), the county became part of newly formed
1202:
644:border dispute between Poland and Czechoslovakia
294:The name is probably related to the appellative
669:, and formed the eastern part of Tatra county (
336:
1231:Historical regions in the Kingdom of Hungary
1142:http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab-10.pdf
792:. In the present is the biggest church is a
720:), which ceased to exist in September 1990.
681:of the area were deported or murdered. When
42:
36:
16:"Spis" redirects here. For other uses, see
270:, with a very small area in south-eastern
778:Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession
642:and became the subject of a long-running
610:Spiš after the creation of Czechoslovakia
505:Many of the towns of Spiš developed from
1066:
1064:
531:
525:; now, the only Zipser-speaking town is
426:
358:→ Szelepcsény) and vowel harmonization.
302:known from Slovak (Eastern Slovakia and
23:Historical region in Slovakia and Poland
374:River in the north, the springs of the
1203:
1070:
966:Sixteen Scepus Towns from 1412 to 1876
1061:
916:, except for the eastern half of the
382:Mountains (Slovak Ore Mountains) and
332:Another theory is a derivation from
276:official tourism regions of Slovakia
235:Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia/Scepusium
394:(under which lies the 4,822 m long
366:The region is situated between the
13:
630:(at that time the western part of
595:. In 1772 all were annexed by the
448:era have been found in remains at
14:
1242:
1157:
968:, Spišska Nova Vés: Spiš Museum.
745:Present-day Spiš has a number of
730:
431:Aerial photograph of Spiš Castle
422:
163:
151:
135:
92:
85:
74:
67:
1221:Traditional regions of Slovakia
813:resorts have been built in the
266:) is a region in north-eastern
1135:
1122:
1101:
1088:
1079:
986:
638:northern Spiš was united with
614:In 1918 (and confirmed by the
463:. It belonged to the state of
1:
1054:
876:
752:There are also 40,000-48,000
567:to finance his wars with the
1216:Historical regions in Poland
853:(all of which are listed by
829:) in the south-west and the
444:Traces of settlement in the
361:
289:
7:
928:including Tatranská Štrba,
788:the biggest was church the
767:
141:Spiš on the map of Slovakia
10:
1247:
1164:(Unofficial) Spiš web site
1073:Studia Academica Slovaca 9
958:
799:
634:) as early as 1902. After
417:
306:) and Moravian dialects (
15:
1226:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
203:
186:
176:
146:
134:
107:From top, left to right:
60:
51:
31:
1132:Kraków, 1995. pp. 24-37.
1094:Dudášová-Kriššáková, J.
979:
821:, and areas such as the
628:Galicia (Central Europe)
565:Sigismund of Luxembourg
378:River in the west, the
1085:Krempaska (2012), 2-5.
552:
488:comitatus Scepusiensis
432:
337:
282:(see separate article
263:
250:
242:
43:
37:
1128:Trajdos, T. M. (ed.)
794:Roman Catholic Church
774:Roman Catholic Church
718:Východoslovenský kraj
714:Eastern Slovak region
650:) and Košice county (
535:
527:Chmeľnica (Hopgarten)
430:
205: • Summer (
18:SPIS (disambiguation)
859:World Heritage Sites
606:within the Kingdom.
412:High Tatra Mountains
1183: /
964:Krempaská, Zuzana,
555:In 1412, under the
536:Spisz in 1412–1772:
507:German colonization
380:Slovenské rudohorie
1147:2012-11-14 at the
934:Liptovská Teplička
790:Evangelical Church
687:Carpathian Germans
569:Republic of Venice
553:
519:Carpathian Germans
476:Kingdom of Hungary
433:
280:Kingdom of Hungary
1187:49.083°N 20.500°E
839:Spišské Podhradie
656:Slovenská krajina
648:Podtatranská župa
616:Treaty of Trianon
597:Habsburg monarchy
557:Treaty of Lubowla
392:Branisko mountain
286:in this regard).
224:
223:
54:Historical region
26:Historical region
1238:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1151:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1096:Goralské nárečia
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1048:
990:
949:Spišská Nová Ves
906:Spišská Nová Ves
849:and the town of
843:Spišská Kapitula
593:Spišská Nová Ves
549:
543:
540:
340:
258:
251:Szepesség/Szepes
210:
169:
167:
166:
157:
155:
154:
139:
96:
89:
78:
71:
46:
40:
29:
28:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1149:Wayback Machine
1140:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1098:Bratislava 1993
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1051:
991:
987:
982:
961:
879:
823:Slovak Paradise
802:
784:). In the year
770:
733:
675:county of Orava
632:Austria-Hungary
612:
551:
547:
545:
541:
538:
537:
456:(Besenyőfalu).
425:
420:
396:Branisko Tunnel
364:
292:
254:
204:
164:
162:
161:
152:
150:
142:
130:
129:
114:Niedzica Castle
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
90:
81:
80:
79:
72:
56:
47:
34:
27:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1192:49.083; 20.500
1167:
1166:
1159:
1158:External links
1156:
1153:
1152:
1134:
1121:
1100:
1087:
1078:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
984:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
960:
957:
878:
875:
801:
798:
769:
766:
732:
729:
710:Prešovský kraj
671:Tatranská župa
620:Czechoslovakia
611:
608:
585:Spišská Sobota
546:
424:
421:
419:
416:
363:
360:
291:
288:
222:
221:
211:
201:
200:
190:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
148:
144:
143:
140:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
116:
111:
104:
103:
91:
84:
83:
82:
73:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
52:
49:
48:
35:
32:
25:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1243:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1117:83-88430-25-4
1114:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
985:
975:
974:9788085173062
971:
967:
963:
962:
956:
954:
951:(39,000) and
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
930:Štrbské Pleso
927:
923:
919:
918:Stará Ľubovňa
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:Stará Ľubovňa
899:
895:
891:
890:Prešov Region
887:
886:Košice Region
882:
874:
872:
868:
867:Stará Ľubovňa
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:Slovenský raj
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:winter sports
808:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
765:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
743:
740:
738:
737:Szepes county
731:Nationalities
728:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Prešov Region
703:
702:Košický kraj
699:
698:Košice Region
694:
692:
691:Beneš decrees
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
607:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Stará Ľubovňa
574:
570:
566:
563:to Poland by
562:
558:
550: Hungary
534:
530:
528:
524:
523:Zipser German
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
500:Stará Ľubovňa
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
465:Great Moravia
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
442:
441:
439:
438:Szepes County
429:
423:Early history
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Stará Ľubovňa
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
285:
284:Szepes County
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
219:
215:
212:
208:
202:
198:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
160:
149:
145:
138:
133:
126:
123:
121:
118:Town hall in
117:
115:
112:
110:
106:
105:
95:
88:
77:
70:
59:
55:
50:
45:
39:
30:
19:
1168:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1119:pp. 707-716.
1108:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1029:Łapsze Wyżne
1025:Łapsze Niżne
988:
965:
942:
883:
880:
826:
803:
771:
757:
751:
744:
741:
734:
722:
717:
709:
701:
695:
670:
663:World War II
660:
655:
652:Коšická župa
651:
647:
613:
601:
554:
521:) who spoke
515:World War II
504:
487:
484:royal county
473:
458:
452:(Gánóc) and
443:
435:
434:
384:Hnilec River
365:
351:
350:→ Hungarian
347:
343:Šimon Ondruš
331:
326:
322:
315:
311:
299:
295:
293:
234:
226:
225:
177:Largest city
1190: /
993:Czarna Góra
837:and nearby
835:Spiš Castle
815:High Tatras
636:World War I
486:of Szepes (
446:Neanderthal
368:High Tatras
327:silva Zepus
109:Spiš Castle
1205:Categories
1055:References
1037:Nowa Biała
955:(17,000).
947:(55,000),
924:district (
877:Spiš today
819:Low Tatras
410:, and the
390:, via the
1021:Łapszanka
1017:Krempachy
940:county.)
807:sanatoria
782:Lutherans
756:(Slovak:
581:Podolínec
492:Podolínec
400:Margecany
362:Geography
334:Hungarian
290:Etymology
256:‹See Tfd›
247:Hungarian
188:Time zone
1145:Archived
1041:Rzepiska
1033:Niedzica
1001:Falsztyn
997:Dursztyn
953:Kežmarok
898:Kežmarok
863:Kežmarok
817:and the
768:Religion
725:Slovakia
667:Slovakia
573:Dalmatia
496:Hniezdne
480:Kežmarok
454:Bešeňová
370:and the
356:Slepčany
316:pichjati
312:pьchjati
268:Slovakia
159:Slovakia
1178:20°30′E
1005:Frydman
959:Sources
914:Gelnica
831:Pieniny
800:Economy
661:During
604:Slovaks
450:Gánovce
418:History
372:Dunajec
147:Country
1175:49°5′N
1115:
1045:Trybsz
1013:Kacwin
1009:Jurgów
972:
945:Poprad
938:Liptov
922:Poprad
910:Levoča
894:Poprad
871:Poprad
865:, and
855:UNESCO
851:Levoča
762:Polish
758:Gorali
754:Gorals
747:Romani
704:) and
683:Soviet
640:Poland
589:Poprad
561:pawned
548:
544:Poland
542:
539:
511:German
509:. The
482:. The
469:Poland
408:Poprad
404:Hornád
352:Szepes
300:špiška
296:spiška
272:Poland
260:German
239:Polish
181:Poprad
171:Poland
168:
156:
125:Poprad
120:Levoča
980:Notes
936:from
926:Štrba
847:Žehra
461:Celts
304:Orava
243:Spisz
231:Latin
214:UTC+2
193:UTC+1
44:Spisz
1211:Spiš
1113:ISBN
970:ISBN
932:and
912:and
888:and
809:and
786:1600
776:and
679:Jews
624:Rysy
591:and
498:and
406:and
348:Spiš
338:szép
323:spiš
320:yers
308:Haná
264:Zips
227:Spiš
218:CEST
38:Spiš
33:Spiš
861:),
857:as
693:).
658:).
571:in
376:Váh
207:DST
197:CET
1207::
1063:^
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
1031:,
1027:,
1023:,
1019:,
1015:,
1011:,
1007:,
1003:,
999:,
995:,
908:,
904:,
900:,
896:,
845:,
841:,
796:.
727:.
599:.
587:,
583:,
579:,
471:.
314:,
298:,
262::
253:,
249::
245:,
241::
237:,
233::
41:,
1047:;
825:(
780:(
716:(
708:(
700:(
440:.
229:(
220:)
216:(
209:)
199:)
195:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
