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572:, helped greatly by the presence of the Theological College and the increasing prosperity of the village. The West door came into use, a new vicarage was built to the west, and the last of the monastic cloister was demolished. The nave and transepts were re-roofed, and to accommodate a new organ in 1867 the west Gallery was taken down. The altar was moved from under the tower east into a new chancel, which occupied one bay of the monastic choir. The tower was re-built in the Romanesque style to the design of
560:. The monastic chancel, which had been roofless since the Dissolution, was re-roofed to become the main college lecture room and library. The students lodged in the village and the Principal was also the Vicar of St Bees. The college was very successful; training over 2,600 clergy, but closed in 1895, both at the prospect of falling numbers as it could not award degrees, and its vulnerability as a private institution as students now favoured the larger colleges that had sprung up using the St Bees model.
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674:. Although the body was about six hundred years old, his nails, skin and stomach contents were found to be in near-perfect condition. After his death the vault was enlarged to take the body of his sister, Maud de Lucy, who died in 1398. The probable effigies of both Maud and Anthony can be seen in the extensive history display in the priory, which includes the shroud in which he was wrapped.
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continuing attention by a series of small repairs going through the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 18th century the west door was not used, probably because the land abutting the door had passed into secular ownership, and the congregation entered via a north porch. By the early 1800s the building was in a poor state of repair. However, help was at hand from an unexpected quarter.
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404:, a mysterious figure from pre-Norman Britain, is said to have been an Irish princess who fled across the sea to St Bees to avoid an enforced marriage. Legend has it that she then lived a life of piety at St Bees. The most likely period for her journey would have been sometime in the thirty years after 850, when the Vikings were settling Ireland.
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14th-century chapel in the chancel aisle. The monastic chancel is currently separated from the body of the church by the altar wall, though there is a modern connecting doorway. It is currently used as a parish room. Beneath the elevated wooden floor of the present building is the original stone floor of the medieval church.
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sea. Also granted were the chapel of
Egremont, churches at Whicham and Bootle, land in Rottington and the manor of Stainburn at Workington. St Bees was therefore the principal religious centre in the west of Cumbria, and the large number of existing medieval grave slabs of the local nobility testify to its to its importance.
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The monks were active in early coal mining, and the earliest reference to mining in the
Whitehaven area is in the time of Prior Langton (1256–82), concerning the coal mines at Arrowthwaite. Apart from the usual husbandry, we have evidence the monks ran a mill in the village. Charter 423 of the priory
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and had a Prior and six monks. To endow the Priory, there were many original grants of property and churches from local lords including the parish of
Kirkeby Becok itself; stretching from the coast at present-day Whitehaven to the River Keekle, and down to where the river "Egre" (Ehen) falls into the
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During an archaeological dig in 1981 in the area of the 14th-century ruined chapel at the east end, a number of medieval burials were uncovered, and the remains of an earlier building on a different alignment to the Priory was found. The most significant find was of a man aged 35–45 in a lead coffin
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and
Whitbeck, and the chapels of Harrington, Clifton, Loweswater and Weddicar. These and a number of other gifts made St Bees the third-richest monastic house in the county. The Priory was enlarged in about 1190 by construction of a new chancel at the east end, and further enlarged ca. 1270-1300 by
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The continuance of the cult of St Bega following the arrival of the
Normans is recorded in the Register of the Priory by the swearing of oaths on the "Bracelet of St Bega". This relic was touched as the means of taking a binding oath; oaths are recorded up to 1279, and offerings to the bracelet were
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lintel, which may have served an earlier church, dating from circa 1120. The six nave arcades are Early
English arches sitting on the original Norman pillars, and the base of the tower is Norman but the arches are Early English. The east wall of the north transept has plain Norman windows above the
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The church continues in use as the parish church of St Bees. In 1953 the
Butterfield Romanesque spire was removed, and the bells were re-hung. In the 1960s the central pew arrangement was removed to give a centre aisle, and in the 1980s a doorway was built between the church and the monastic choir,
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The monastic Priory was dissolved on 16 October 1539. The nave, tower and transepts continued in use as the Parish Church, and some of the cloister range was retained as a residence for the parish priest. This was finally demolished in 1816, when a new vicarage was built and the theological college
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None of the priors rose to great prominence in the wider church, though two became Abbots of York. Possibly the relative isolation of St Bees meant that it was out of the mainstream of monastic politics. However its proximity to the
Scottish border had disadvantages. It is known the Priory suffered
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Following the
Dissolution, the nave continued in use as the parish church. But by 1611 it was necessary to undertake considerable repairs, including the large bell tower which was structurally repaired to prevent further collapse; it had deteriorated to not far above the present arches. There was
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At the east end, beyond the present chancel wall built by
Butterfield, is the monastic chancel of about 1190, still almost complete, with a fine range of lancet windows on the north side, and on the south an arcade of arches (now infilled and with modern windows) which would have led to the
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chapel altar, and there is a fine Norman window on the north side of the present chancel, though with Victorian plate tracery. The St Bega chapel in the north transept has two fine Norman windows above the altar. Flanking the altar are the two sculptures of St Bega and the Virgin Mary by
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There is sculptural and place-name evidence for the existence of a pre-Norman religious site, although no existing buildings from that time. The St Bees place-name is derived from "Kirkeby Becok" - the "Church town of Bega", which was used in the 12th Century.
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In the graveyard is a cross shaft dating from the 10th century, showing Viking influence, and from the same era is a cross shaft of the Cumbrian spiral-scroll school, now in the church, both of which testify to this being a pre-Norman religious
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The magnificent Norman west doorway of the Priory dates from 1150 to 1160, and is the most richly decorated in the county, with three orders of columns, zig-zag and beak-head decoration. Opposite in the west courtyard is a fine
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in the south aisle there is one of the finest collections of effigies and carved stones in the county, including a very fine incised stone of Prior Cotyngham, and there is a comprehensive history display created in 2010.
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Pre-Norman parish boundaries suggest that St Bees had considerable pre-Norman influence in the west, and it has been suggested that St Bees was a "minster church" serving the west coast, but there is no firm evidence.
431:, supported by Archbishop Thurstan, used the existing religious site to found a Benedictine Priory not earlier than 1120 and not later than 1135. The priory was subordinate to the great Benedictine monastery of
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From sculptural and charter evidence, the site was a principal centre of religious influence in the west of the county, and an extensive parish grew up with detached portions covering much of the Western Lakes.
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501:' view of 1739. It shows the remains of the cloister, and right, the ruined chancel of the monastic church. The nave continued in use as the parish church after the closure in 1539 as a monastery.
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when the eight bells were installed in 1858. The north and south aisles were partly rebuilt and completely furnished with new stained glass. In 1899 the present magnificent "Father"
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Text of lecture given by John M Todd at the Post Graduate Seminar on Medieval history, Lancaster University, Sept, 1987, and later at Oxford, Copenhagen and St Andrews universities.
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1081:. It was the first Church of England college for the training of clergy outside Oxford and Cambridge and was an immediate success due to its more vocational approach.
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James Douglas came south and raided the Priory and destroyed two of its mansions. There is also an undated raid, possibly 1216, 1174 or further back in the reign of
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In its most prosperous and active period, the 14th-15th centuries, the Priory had not only a large church, but an impressive range of monastic domestic buildings.
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openings were inserted by Butterfield into the medieval east walls of the transepts. The side aisles are a Victorian restoration down to the string course.
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Outside to the south of the chancel are the remains of the chapel built 1270–1300, which may have fallen due to structural problems before the Dissolution.
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was founded. Otherwise the monastic chancel at the east end was rendered roofless and the east arch of the tower was infilled with a dividing wall. The
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Mary C Fair "Romanesque beakhead ornament in Cumberland". Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archeological Society Transactions Vol LXVI (1941)
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662:, whose body was in a remarkable state of preservation. It has now been determined with a high degree of probability that he was Anthony de Lucy, a
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Nave, tower crossing and transepts; still used as the parish church. Monastic chancel; formerly the theological college, now used as parish rooms
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The Priory was dissolved in 1539, and since then, the buildings have been the Anglican church of St Bees parish, and is now a Grade I
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Despite this prosperity it is likely, as with many monastic houses, that the Priory was running down by the time of the
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Medieval effigies. Top: thought to be Anthony de Lucy. Middle: Maud de Lucy. Bottom: possibly Robert de Harington.
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are still standing and in use by the parish. However, nothing remains of the domestic buildings of the monks.
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refers to a grant of all the water in Rottington for the use of the priory sometime between 1240 and 1265.
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994:, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and archaeological Society, Vol III, 2003.
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959:, Transactions of Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Volume LXXX 1980
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In the ruined fragment of the south wall can be seen the top steps of the monks' night stairs and a
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Further details on the cult of St Bega see: Clare Downham 'St Bega - myth, maiden or bracelet?'
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C J Knusel et al - The identity of the St Bees lady, Cumbria: An osteobiographical approach.
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2007.01.003?journalCode=rmed20
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486:' view of the Priory dating from 1739, and some of the ruins are still visible.
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which make up the "Vision of St Bega" (1950). In the 19th century two large
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Wilson, Rev J, The Registers of St Bees Priory, The Surtees Society 1915.
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List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches
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St Bees College - Pioneering Higher Education in 19th Century Cumbria
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Proceedings of the Paleopathology Association, 4th European meeting,
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The pre-Conquest Church in St Bees, Cumbria: a possible minster?
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Interior – the restored monastic chancel, now a parish room
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The Normans did not reach this part of Cumbria until 1092.
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the addition of a chancel aisle to the south of this.
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The remains of the 10th-century cross in the graveyard
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Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
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The buildings of England, Cumberland and Westmorland
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Later grants endowed the Priory with the churches of
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556:, in whose diocese the Priory then was, founded the
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Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation
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589:which now acts as one of the parish rooms. In the
331:was founded by the first Norman Lord of Egremont
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1092:The medieval cross slab grave covers in Cumbria.
904:St Bees History project newsletter 15th Jan 1977
757:The Priory's 8 bells shown in the "up" position.
268:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
136:The Priory Church of Saint Mary and Saint Bega
1580:Church of England church buildings in Cumbria
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1199:(Middelburg Antwerpen 1982) pp. 171–187.
691:The nave, showing the wrought-iron screen by
510:and east range of buildings were demolished.
781:St Bees graveyard war memorial, designed by
1181:The pre-Conquest Church in St Bees, Cumbria
463:in 1315 from Scots raiders, when after the
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610:All of the church buildings in use at the
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327:religious site, and on this a Benedictine
90:Show map of the former Borough of Copeland
1555:English churches with Norman architecture
1443:St Michael and All Angels, Nether Wasdale
919:"Church of St Mary and St Bega (1336027)"
339:of York, sometime between 1120 and 1135.
292:Learn how and when to remove this message
902:Chronological outline of village history
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1033:", pub Michael Moon, Whitehaven 1979.
769:The history information and study area
706:The late 12th-century monastic chancel
568:The 19th century was the great era of
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1460:Benefice of the Western Lake District
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1195:Further details on St Bees Man see:
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1565:Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria
1345:Benefice of Lamplugh with Ennerdale
837:Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria
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924:National Heritage List for England
832:Grade I listed churches in Cumbria
827:List of monastic houses in Cumbria
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60:West Door of St Bees Priory Church
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1570:1539 disestablishments in England
1267:St John in the Hall, Cleator Moor
1255:Churches in the Deanery of Calder
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1051:St Bees History Newsletter No. 15
1031:Whitehaven an illustrated history
658:in a stone vault, given the name
144:Priory Church of SS Mary and Bega
1305:St Mary and St Michael, Egremont
1129:English Romanesque Art 1066-1200
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1005:St Bees History Newsletter No.3
957:St Bega - Cult, Fact and Legend
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1131:, Ed; Zarnecki & others
87:Location in Copeland Borough
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1482:St John the Baptist, Corney
1204:Journal of Medieval History
842:Listed buildings in St Bees
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558:St Bees Theological College
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666:, who died in 1368 in the
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1094:CWAAS extra series XXXII
1018:Ye Boke of ye Busie Bee"
852:Josefina de Vasconcellos
798:Josefina de Vasconcellos
624:Josefina de Vasconcellos
1530:St Nicholas, Whitehaven
1020:Dickinson, Millom, 1940
544:The Theological College
335:, and was dedicated by
1550:Monasteries in Cumbria
1519:Benefice of Whitehaven
1317:Benefice of Hensingham
1261:Benefice of Crosslacon
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606:St Bees Priory in 2008
520:William de Lancaster I
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34:54.493777°N 3.593461°W
1500:St Michael, Muncaster
1477:St John, Waberthwaite
1472:St Catherine, Eskdale
1448:St Olaf, Wasdale Head
1428:St Cuthbert, Seascale
1413:Benefice of Seatallan
1369:Benefice of Mirehouse
796:Vision of St Bega by
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514:Burials in the priory
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433:St Mary's Abbey, York
408:made as late as 1516.
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354:The Pre-Norman Church
181:St Mary's Abbey, York
128:Monastery information
1526:St James, Whitehaven
1375:St Andrew, Mirehouse
1360:St Michael, Lamplugh
1275:St Michael, Arlecdon
1149:Medieval Archaeology
391:circa 1120, showing
39:54.493777; -3.593461
1397:Benefice of St Bees
1389:St Bridget, Moresby
1383:Benefice of Moresby
1323:St John, Hensingham
1279:St Paul, Frizington
1271:St Leonard, Cleator
972:. cumbriancoastline
693:William Butterfield
574:William Butterfield
337:Archbishop Thurstan
118:Show map of Cumbria
115:Location in Cumbria
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1495:St Michael, Bootle
1433:St John, Beckermet
1356:St Mary, Ennerdale
970:"The Viking Coast"
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272:You can assist by
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1438:St Mary, Gosforth
1331:Benefice of Kells
1179:See John M. Todd
783:W. G. Collingwood
668:Teutonic Crusades
554:Bishop of Chester
535:The Parish Church
395:fighting a dragon
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264:may require
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177:Mother house
15:
1115:Pevsner N,
660:St Bees Man
653:St Bees Man
647:St Bees Man
612:Dissolution
584:Present use
570:restoration
564:Restoration
161:Established
155:Benedictine
141:Other names
37: /
1544:Categories
1049:Todd J M,
1007:, Feb 1977
1003:Todd J M,
900:Todd J M,
863:References
628:cinquefoil
619:Romanesque
591:lapidarium
446:Workington
418:The Priory
393:St Michael
386:Romanesque
274:editing it
202:Founder(s)
22:54°29′38″N
1419:Beckermet
1309:Thornhill
1090:Ryder P.
227:, England
133:Full name
25:3°35′36″W
1452:Ponsonby
1352:Kirkland
1029:Hay D,
976:25 March
805:See also
548:In 1816
450:Gosforth
423:Founding
217:Location
192:Carlisle
164:Ca. 1130
1590:St Bees
1404:St Bees
930:10 July
678:Gallery
672:Prussia
402:St Bega
368:St Bees
364:St Bega
321:England
317:Cumbria
313:St Bees
307:is the
225:Cumbria
221:St Bees
188:Diocese
1135:
1119:. 1967
1077:
1073:2008,
1037:
664:knight
454:Corney
389:lintel
329:priory
325:Norman
197:People
1295:Haile
1167:Notes
499:Bucks
484:Bucks
411:site.
319:, in
150:Order
1133:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1053:1981
1035:ISBN
978:2016
932:2015
212:Site
172:1539
670:in
366:at
311:of
243:Yes
1546::
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289:(
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280:(
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270:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
