722:
38:
218:
authority over all governmental affairs. In particular, it oversaw Venice's diplomatic and intelligence services, managed its military affairs, and handled legal matters and enforcement. By the end of the sixteenth century, the
Council of Ten had become Venice's spy chiefs, overseeing the city's vast intelligence network.
171:
217:
The
Council was formally tasked with maintaining the security of the Republic and preserving the government from overthrow or corruption. However, its small size and ability to rapidly make decisions led to more mundane business being referred to it, and by 1457 it was enjoying almost unlimited
237:
In 1539 the
Council established the State Inquisitors, a tribunal of three judges chosen from among its members to deal with threats to state security. The Inquisitors were given equal authority to that of the entire Council of Ten, and could try and convict those accused of
157:
in 1432. The body's deliberations were highly secretive, and members of the
Council of Ten took an oath of secrecy. Thomas Madden wrote: "The three capi of the Ten served for a month at a time and, to avoid any opportunity for bribery, were forbidden to leave the
182:
wrote: "The
Council of Ten stood somewhat apart from the hierarchy of offices but was proverbially powerful. With its secret funds, system of anonymous informers, police powers, and broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of
225:(lion's mouths) placed around the city which allowed Venetians to report suspected illegal activities by placing a written note into the mouth. The lion's mouths were seen by later observers such as
133:
of around 15 to 20 members also served on the
Council. No more than one member of the same family could serve on the Council at any one time, and members could not be re-elected to successive terms.
229:
to represent an oppressive autocratic government that spied on its citizens, but in reality the reports placed in lion's mouths were examined and only credible reports were investigated.
980:
985:
945:
1308:
1163:
568:
L'Archivio di Stato di
Venezia. Indice Generale, Storico, Descrittivo ed Analitico. Tomo I: Archivi dell' Amministrazione Centrale della Repubblica Veneta e Archivi Notarili
1313:
141:
Elections took place annually in August and others in
September. The Council, which met at least weekly, had the power to impose punishments upon nobles, including
935:
616:
1323:
566:
1046:
191:, rotated offices among themselves and constituted the inner circle of oligarchical patricians who, in effect, ruled the republic." During the
1298:
1275:
1078:
1083:
1041:
495:
1214:
609:
214:(exclusive social societies). The law specifically prohibited women other than the wives of members from attending such dinners.
1303:
1025:
661:
1000:
777:
258:, which was established three years later. From 1624 onward, the Council of Ten was charged with the prosecution of all
1015:
647:
602:
395:
1318:
1209:
1114:
642:
17:
479:
Iordanou, Ioanna (2018). "The Spy Chiefs of
Renaissance Venice: Intelligence Leadership in the Early Modern World".
496:"What News on the Rialto? The Trade of Information and Early Modern Venice's Centralized Intelligence Organization"
119:
and Marco
Querini, the powers of the Council were made formally permanent in 1455. The Council was composed of ten
154:
1246:
711:
370:
353:
323:
285:
990:
676:
1199:
1073:
995:
192:
1268:
950:
580:
195:, for example, the Council had responsibility for finding ways to pay for the state's military expenses.
31:
1109:
1068:
1005:
901:
721:
129:
1229:
975:
886:
706:
671:
1020:
1219:
1194:
891:
242:
independently of their parent body. To further these activities, the Inquisitors created a large
179:
124:
87:. Elections took place annually and the Council of Ten had the power to impose punishments upon
930:
1224:
1010:
970:
198:
From the 1490s through the 1530s, the Council of Ten and other Venetian authorities enacted
1204:
960:
792:
752:
159:
30:
For the Council of Ten in the peace negotiations in Versailles after the World War I, see
8:
1234:
1251:
874:
869:
859:
835:
625:
518:
146:
84:
246:
network of spies and informants, both in Venice and abroad. Inquisitors could conduct
918:
896:
849:
787:
767:
745:
572:
522:
467:
Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297–1797
437:
Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297–1797
401:
391:
255:
251:
184:
120:
116:
92:
88:
72:
1063:
925:
879:
772:
689:
510:
112:
64:
514:
1124:
908:
782:
762:
42:
757:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1131:
824:
694:
666:
481:
Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia
199:
150:
51:
1292:
1168:
1119:
1058:
1053:
854:
655:
576:
405:
170:
1156:
864:
699:
684:
461:
Stanley Chojnacki, "Identity and Ideology in Renaissance Venice: The Third
431:
Stanley Chojnacki, "Identity and Ideology in Renaissance Venice: The Third
420:
Civic Christianity in Renaissance Italy: The Hospital of Treviso, 1400-1530
247:
188:
100:
96:
48:
254:, and the inquisitors' practices bore strong similarities to those of the
550:
Information and Communication in Venice: Rethinking Early Modern Politics
537:
Information and Communication in Venice: Rethinking Early Modern Politics
207:
91:. The Council of Ten had a broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of
226:
203:
142:
37:
1241:
829:
594:
243:
115:. Originally created as a temporary body to investigate the plot of
365:
David Chambers & Brian Pullan with Jennifer Fletcher (eds.).
348:
David Chambers & Brian Pullan with Jennifer Fletcher (eds.).
318:
David Chambers & Brian Pullan with Jennifer Fletcher (eds.).
280:
David Chambers & Brian Pullan with Jennifer Fletcher (eds.).
239:
83:, was from 1310 to 1797 one of the major governing bodies of the
843:
740:
259:
187:, the members of the Council of Ten, along with those of the
314:
312:
276:
274:
206:
law, seeking to prevent ambitious noblemen from engaging in
309:
271:
103:
patricians who effectively ruled the Republic of Venice.
298:
296:
294:
1309:
14th-century establishments in the Republic of Venice
291:
369:(2001, reprinted 2004). University of Toronto Press/
352:(2001, reprinted 2004). University of Toronto Press/
322:(2001, reprinted 2004). University of Toronto Press/
284:(2001, reprinted 2004). University of Toronto Press/
262:
involving the private lives of Venetian patricians.
174:
The governmental structure of the Venetian Republic
469:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003) pp. 263-64.
439:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003) pp. 263-64
385:
1314:1797 disestablishments in the Republic of Venice
1290:
571:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca d'arte editrice.
111:The Council of Ten was created in 1310 by Doge
422:(University of Rochester Press, 2007), p. 136.
610:
127:to one-year terms. Until 1582, an additional
617:
603:
1324:Defunct law enforcement agencies of Italy
968: Administrative magistracies
564:
493:
478:
367:Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630
350:Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630
320:Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630
282:Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630
210:by hosting lavish dinner parties at the
169:
36:
32:Treaty of Versailles § Negotiations
14:
1291:
624:
598:
483:(Georgetown University Press): 43–66.
452:. Princeton University Press. p. 168.
1299:Government of the Republic of Venice
381:
379:
339:. Princeton University Press. p. 20.
232:
943: Judicial magistracies
306:. Princeton University Press p. 20.
202:. In 1506, the Ten enacted an anti-
27:Governing body of Venice, 1310–1797
24:
1016:Riformatori dello studio di Padova
503:Intelligence and National Security
450:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice
337:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice
304:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice
25:
1335:
981:Provveditori sopra beni communali
958: Fiscal magistracies
552:. Oxford University Press. p. 34.
376:
720:
539:. Oxford University Press p. 34.
162:during their tenure of office."
149:. On the council's orders, Doge
99:constituted the inner circle of
986:Provveditori sopra beni inculti
542:
529:
487:
472:
455:
442:
822: Principal organs
425:
412:
371:Renaissance Society of America
359:
354:Renaissance Society of America
342:
329:
324:Renaissance Society of America
286:Renaissance Society of America
153:was executed in 1355, and the
136:
13:
1:
1304:1310 establishments in Europe
991:Esecutori contro la bestemmia
677:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
515:10.1080/02684527.2015.1041712
265:
95:. The Council of Ten and the
1164:Venetian commercial shipping
1074:Provveditore Generale da Mar
193:War of the League of Cambrai
7:
681:Wars of expansion in Italy
390:. New York: Penguin Books.
123:magistrates elected by the
10:
1340:
1069:Captain General of the Sea
1006:Cinque savi alla mercanzia
558:
386:Madden, Thomas F. (2012).
106:
29:
1264:
1230:Accademia degli Incogniti
1190:
1183:
1105:
1098:
1034:
887:Procurators of Saint Mark
814:
807:
736:
729:
718:
635:
565:Da Mosto, Andrea (1937).
535:De Vivo, Filippo (2007).
165:
1319:Anti-corruption agencies
548:De Vivo, Filippo (2007)
418:David Michael D'Andrea,
1195:Scuole Grandi of Venice
180:Edward Wallace Muir Jr.
76:
1021:Magistrato alla SanitĂ
976:Provveditori all'Armar
212:compaginie della calza
175:
68:
56:
1047:Conflicts and battles
1011:Magistrato alle pompe
971:Magistrato alle acque
936:Correttori alle Leggi
707:Ottoman–Venetian wars
672:Venetian–Genoese wars
494:Iordanou, I. (2015).
388:Venice: A New History
221:The Council utilized
173:
40:
1205:Venetian Renaissance
961:Camerlenghi di Comun
753:Domini di Terraferma
448:Edward Muir (1981).
335:Edward Muir (1981).
302:Edward Muir (1981).
1235:Accademia Veneziana
1200:Gothic architecture
931:Avogadoria de ComĂąn
155:Count of Carmagnola
69:Consiglio dei Dieci
1252:Carnival of Venice
951:Lords of the Night
875:Savi di Terraferma
870:Savi del Consiglio
860:Signoria of Venice
836:promissione ducale
662:Chrysobull of 1082
627:Republic of Venice
176:
147:capital punishment
85:Republic of Venice
77:Consejo de i Diexe
57:
1286:
1285:
1260:
1259:
1179:
1178:
1094:
1093:
919:State Inquisitors
850:Commune of Venice
803:
802:
256:Roman Inquisition
252:standard of proof
233:State Inquisitors
117:Bajamonte Tiepolo
79:), or simply the
47:The Death of the
18:State Inquisitors
16:(Redirected from
1331:
1278:
1271:
1188:
1187:
1110:Economic history
1103:
1102:
1064:Venetian Arsenal
1042:Military history
1026:Grand chancellor
969:
959:
944:
926:Council of Forty
880:Savi agli Ordini
846:(abolished 1423)
823:
812:
811:
773:Venetian Albania
734:
733:
724:
690:Wars in Lombardy
628:
619:
612:
605:
596:
595:
591:
589:
588:
579:. Archived from
553:
546:
540:
533:
527:
526:
500:
491:
485:
484:
476:
470:
459:
453:
446:
440:
429:
423:
416:
410:
409:
383:
374:
363:
357:
346:
340:
333:
327:
316:
307:
300:
289:
278:
223:bocche dei leoni
113:Pietro Gradenigo
21:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1256:
1175:
1090:
1030:
1001:Savi all'eresia
967:
957:
942:
821:
799:
725:
716:
631:
626:
623:
586:
584:
561:
556:
547:
543:
534:
530:
498:
492:
488:
477:
473:
460:
456:
447:
443:
430:
426:
417:
413:
398:
384:
377:
364:
360:
347:
343:
334:
330:
317:
310:
301:
292:
279:
272:
268:
235:
168:
139:
109:
43:Francesco Hayez
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1152:Via Argentaria
1146:
1144:Venetian glass
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:Banco del Giro
1132:Bank of Venice
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
964:
963:
954:
953:
948:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
922:
921:
914:Council of Ten
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
889:
884:
883:
882:
877:
872:
862:
857:
852:
847:
841:
840:
839:
832:
818:
816:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:
797:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
778:Ionian Islands
775:
770:
765:
755:
750:
749:
748:
737:
731:
727:
726:
719:
717:
715:
714:
709:
704:
703:
702:
697:
695:War of Ferrara
692:
687:
679:
674:
669:
667:Fourth Crusade
664:
659:
652:
651:
650:
639:
637:
633:
632:
622:
621:
614:
607:
599:
593:
592:
560:
557:
555:
554:
541:
528:
509:(3): 305–326.
486:
471:
454:
441:
424:
411:
397:978-0147509802
396:
375:
358:
341:
328:
308:
290:
269:
267:
264:
234:
231:
200:sumptuary laws
185:state security
167:
164:
151:Marino Faliero
138:
135:
108:
105:
93:state security
61:Council of Ten
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1336:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:Trade routes
1147:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1085:
1084:Sailing ships
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:Venetian navy
1057:
1055:
1054:Venetian army
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
966:
965:
962:
956:
955:
952:
949:
947:
941:
940:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
916:
915:
912:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
892:Great Council
890:
888:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Minor Council
853:
851:
848:
845:
842:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
820:
819:
817:
813:
810:
806:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
754:
751:
747:
744:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
732:
728:
723:
713:
710:
708:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:
656:Pax Nicephori
653:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
640:
638:
634:
629:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
601:
600:
597:
583:on 2021-11-13
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
563:
562:
551:
545:
538:
532:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
490:
482:
475:
468:
464:
458:
451:
445:
438:
434:
428:
421:
415:
407:
403:
399:
393:
389:
382:
380:
372:
368:
362:
355:
351:
345:
338:
332:
325:
321:
315:
313:
305:
299:
297:
295:
287:
283:
277:
275:
270:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:secret trials
245:
241:
230:
228:
224:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
172:
163:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
134:
132:
131:
126:
125:Great Council
122:
118:
114:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
54:
53:
52:Marin Faliero
50:
44:
41:"The Ten" in
39:
33:
19:
1210:Architecture
1157:Via de Zenta
913:
865:Full College
834:
758:Stato da MĂ r
700:Italian Wars
685:War of Padua
654:
585:. Retrieved
581:the original
567:
549:
544:
536:
531:
506:
502:
489:
480:
474:
466:
462:
457:
449:
444:
436:
432:
427:
419:
414:
387:
373:. pp. 56-57.
366:
361:
356:. pp. 55-56.
349:
344:
336:
331:
319:
303:
281:
236:
222:
220:
216:
211:
197:
177:
160:Ducal Palace
140:
128:
110:
101:oligarchical
97:Full College
80:
60:
58:
46:
250:with a low
208:vote buying
137:Composition
1293:Categories
897:Patriciate
815:Government
587:2021-11-13
266:References
227:Mark Twain
204:banqueting
178:Historian
143:banishment
89:patricians
1242:Bucentaur
1215:Humanists
830:Dogaressa
730:Geography
577:772861816
523:155406514
406:837179158
244:espionage
121:patrician
1270:Category
1225:Painting
1035:Military
946:Auditors
808:Politics
768:Dalmatia
746:Sestieri
648:Timeline
326:. p. 54.
288:. p. 55.
189:Collegio
73:Venetian
1184:Culture
1115:Coinage
1099:Economy
996:Censori
643:History
636:History
559:Sources
463:Serrata
433:Serrata
240:treason
107:Origins
65:Italian
909:Senate
844:Concio
783:Cyprus
763:Istria
741:Dogado
630:
575:
521:
404:
394:
260:crimes
166:Powers
55:(1867)
1277:Index
1220:Music
1125:Zecca
1079:Ranks
902:Zonta
793:Morea
788:Crete
519:S2CID
499:(PDF)
465:" in
435:" in
130:zonta
1247:Flag
1169:Muda
1120:Lira
825:Doge
712:Fall
573:OCLC
402:OCLC
392:ISBN
145:and
59:The
49:Doge
511:doi
81:Ten
45:'s
1295::
517:.
507:31
505:.
501:.
400:.
378:^
311:^
293:^
273:^
75::
71:;
67::
618:e
611:t
604:v
590:.
525:.
513::
408:.
63:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
