Stomach cancer - Knowledge

1447: 1150: 1166: 1340: 1624: 1210: 1074: 1186: 1751:, a test using an endoscope to examine the stomach, is a useful diagnostic tool that can also take samples of the suspected mass for histopathological analysis to confirm or rule out cancer. The most definitive method of cancer diagnosis is through open surgical biopsy. Most stomach tumors are malignant with evidence of spread to lymph nodes or liver, making treatment difficult. Except for lymphoma, surgery is the most frequent treatment option for stomach cancers but it is associated with significant risks. 53: 569:(which may also be present in other related or unrelated disorders) in its early stages. By the time symptoms are recognized, the cancer has often reached an advanced stage (see below) and may have metastasized (spread to other, perhaps distant, parts of the body), which is one of the main reasons for its relatively poor prognosis. Stomach cancer can cause the following signs and symptoms: Unexplained nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. Patients also can experience unexplained weight loss. 1725:

a registry system for all countries. Variation as drastic as estimated rates from 0.3/100000 in Botswana to 20.3/100000 in Mali have been observed. In Uganda, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased from the 1960s measurement of 0.8/100000 to 5.6/100000. Gastric cancer, though present, is relatively low when compared to countries with high incidence like Japan and China. One suspected cause of the variation within Africa and between other countries is due to different strains of the

815:(GERD). The exact mechanism by which obesity causes GERD is not completely known. Studies hypothesize that increased dietary fat leading to increased pressure on the stomach and the lower esophageal sphincter, due to excess adipose tissue, could play a role, yet no statistically significant data have been collected. However, the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, with GERD present, has been found to increase more than two times for an obese person. There is a correlation between 522: 1459:

as dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis. Construction of a "pouch", which serves as a "stomach substitute", reduced the incidence of dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis by 73% and 63% respectively, and led to improvements in quality-of-life, nutritional outcomes, and body mass index. Proximal gastrectomy (PG) can be considered a viable alternative for upper third early gastric cancer (EGC) Of the different surgical techniques,

1108:. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumour cells describe irregular tubular structures, harbouring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma ("back to back" aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighbouring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. 542: 857:

the same mutation. Diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer usually takes place when at least two cases involving a family member, such as a parent or grandparent, are diagnosed, with at least one diagnosed before the age of 50. The diagnosis can also be made if at least three cases occur in the family, in which case age is not considered.

1467:) that was pioneered in Japan and is available in the United States at some centers. In EMR, the tumor, together with the inner lining of stomach (mucosa), is removed from the wall of the stomach using an electrical wire loop through the endoscope. The advantage is that it is a much smaller operation than removing the stomach. 1488:. Unfortunately, stomach cancer has not been particularly sensitive to these drugs, and chemotherapy, if used, has usually served to palliatively reduce the size of the tumor, relieve symptoms of the disease, and increase survival time. Some drugs used in stomach cancer treatment have included: fluorouracil or its analog 1516:, often using drugs in various combinations. The relative benefits of these different drugs, alone and in combination, are unclear. Clinical researchers are exploring the benefits of giving chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, or as adjuvant therapy after surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. 1697:

In 2012, stomach cancer was the fifth most-common cancer with 952,000 cases diagnosed. It is more common both in men and in developing countries. In 2012, it represented 8.5% of cancer cases in men, making it the fourth most-common cancer in men. Also in 2012, the number of deaths was 700,000, having

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found low-quality evidence of no difference in short-term mortality between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy (removal of stomach), and that benefits or harms of laparoscopic gastrectomy cannot be ruled out. Post-operatively, up to 70% of people undergoing total gastrectomy develop complications such

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Incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer vary greatly in Africa. The GLOBOCAN system is currently the most widely used method to compare these rates between countries, but African incidence and mortality rates are seen to differ among countries, possibly due to the lack of universal access to

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The prognosis of stomach cancer is generally poor, because the tumor has often metastasized by the time of discovery, and most people with the condition are elderly (median age is between 70 and 75 years) at presentation. The average life expectancy after being diagnosed is around 24 months, and the

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Those with metastatic disease at the time of presentation may receive palliative surgery, and while it remains controversial, due to the possibility of complications from the surgery itself and because it may delay chemotherapy, the data so far are mostly positive, with improved survival rates being

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infection increases the risk for gastric cancer, but this is not the case in Africa, giving this phenomenon the name the "African enigma". Although this bacterial species is found in Africa, evidence has supported that different strains with mutations in the bacterial genotype may contribute to the

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Sequence of 123-iodine human scintiscans after an intravenous injection: (from left) after 30 minutes, 20 hours, and 48 hours - a high and rapid concentration of radio-iodine is evident in gastric mucosa of the stomach, in salivary glands, oral mucosa, and the periencephalic and cerebrospinal fluid

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Various gastroscopic modalities have been developed to increase yield of detected mucosa with a dye that accentuates the cell structure and can identify areas of dysplasia. Endocytoscopy involves ultra-high magnification to visualise cellular structure to better determine areas of dysplasia. Other

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gene, which codes for E-cadherin, lies on the 16th chromosome. When the gene experiences a particular mutation, gastric cancer develops through a mechanism that is not fully understood. This mutation is considered autosomal dominant, meaning that half of a carrier's children will likely experience

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tract that holds food and begins the digestive process by secreting gastric juice. The most common cancers of the stomach are adenocarcinomas, but other histological types have been reported. Signs vary, but may include vomiting (especially if blood is present), weight loss, anemia, and lack of

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In 2018, stomach cancer was the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, representing 5.7% of all cancer cases, and the third leading cause of death from cancers, being responsible for 8.2% of all cancer deaths. Among men, 683 754 cases were diagnosed, accounting for 7.2% of all cancer

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Globally, stomach cancer is the fifth-leading type of cancer and the third-leading cause of death from cancer, making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths. In 2018, it newly occurred in 1.03 million people and caused 783,000 deaths. Before the 1930s, it was a leading cause of cancer deaths in the

1221:, or find out the extent of the disease. Various tests determine whether the cancer has spread, and if so, what parts of the body are affected. Because stomach cancer can spread to the liver, pancreas, and other organs near the stomach, as well as to the lungs, the doctor may order a 2689:

Al-Azri M, Al-Kindi J, Al-Harthi T, Al-Dahri M, Panchatcharam SM, Al-Maniri A (June 2019). "Awareness of Stomach and Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms and Time Taken to Seek Medical Help Among Public Attending Primary Care Setting in Muscat Governorate, Oman".

501:, however rates have sharply declined among younger generations in the West, while they remain high for people living in East Asia. The decline in the West is believed to be due to the decline of salted and pickled food consumption, as a result of the development of 492:

in the Western world for advanced cases. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease. In the United States, five-year survival is 31.5%, while in South Korea it is over 65% and Japan over 70%, partly due to screening efforts.

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to other organs. A cure is very rarely possible at this stage. Some other techniques to prolong life or improve symptoms are used, including laser treatment, surgery, and/or stents to keep the digestive tract open, and chemotherapy by drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,

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Almost 300 genes are related to outcomes in stomach cancer, with both unfavorable genes where high expression is related to poor survival and favorable genes where high expression is associated with longer survival times. Examples of poor prognosis genes include

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is a similar technique pioneered in Japan, used to resect a large area of mucosa in one piece. If the pathologic examination of the resected specimen shows incomplete resection or deep invasion by tumor, the patient would need a formal stomach resection.

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or CT scanning of the abdomen may reveal gastric cancer. It is more useful to determine invasion into adjacent tissues or the presence of spread to local lymph nodes. Wall thickening of more than 1 cm that is focal, eccentric, and enhancing favours

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Smoking increases the risk of developing gastric cancer significantly, from 40% increased risk for current smokers to 82% increase for heavy smokers. Gastric cancers due to smoking mostly occur in the upper part of the stomach near the esophagus.

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difference in cancer development between African countries and others outside the continent. Increasing access to health care and treatment measures have been commonly associated with the rising incidence, though, particularly in Uganda.

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Cancer of the stomach is difficult to cure unless it is found at an early stage (before it has begun to spread). Unfortunately, because early stomach cancer causes few symptoms, the disease is usually advanced when the diagnosis is made.

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In the United Kingdom, stomach cancer is the 15th most-common cancer (around 7,100 people were diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2011), and it is the 10th most-common cause of cancer-related deaths (around 4,800 people died in 2012).

1296:– Penetration to the third layer and more distant lymph nodes, or penetration to the fourth layer and either nearby tissues or nearby or more distant lymph nodes, it is treated as for stage II; a cure is still possible in some cases. 893:

Heavy metals, such as arsenic, are commonly found in groundwater and have been linked to gastric cancers. There is a positive and significant relationship between arsenic concentration in groundwater and gastric cancer mortality.

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Ezzeddini R, Somi MH, Taghikhani M, Moaddab SY, Masnadi Shirazi K, Shirmohammadi M, et al. (February 2021). "Association of Foxp3 rs3761548 polymorphism with cytokines concentration in gastric adenocarcinoma patients".

749: 1358:, patients were diagnosed 7% in stage I, 17% in stage II, and 28% in stage III. A Minnesota population was diagnosed 10% in stage I, 13% in stage II, and 18% in stage III. However, in a high-risk population in the 1116:

or leather-bottle stomach) tumour cells are discohesive and secrete mucus, which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically "empty" spaces). It is poorly differentiated. In

1286:– Penetration to the second layer and more distant lymph nodes, or the third layer and only nearby lymph nodes, or all four layers but not the lymph nodes, it is treated as for stage I, sometimes with additional 6670: 6655: 3100: 1712:

In 2014, stomach cancer resulted in 0.61% of deaths (13,303 cases) in the United States. In China, stomach cancer accounted for 3.56% of all deaths (324,439 cases). The highest rate of stomach cancer was in

1046:, is associated with intra-abdominal cancers such as gastric cancer. Other cutaneous manifestations of gastric cancer include "tripe palms" (a similar darkening hyperplasia of the skin of the palms) and the 952:

To find the cause of symptoms, the doctor asks about the patient's medical history, does a physical examination, and may order laboratory studies. The patient may also have one or all of these exams:

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examination under a microscope to check for the presence of cancerous cells. A biopsy, with subsequent histological analysis, is the only sure way to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

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Scartozzi M, Galizia E, Verdecchia L, Berardi R, Antognoli S, Chiorrini S, et al. (April 2007). "Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: across the years for a standard of care".

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Staging may not be complete until after surgery. The surgeon removes nearby lymph nodes and possibly samples of tissue from other areas in the abdomen for examination by a pathologist.

2733: 5165:"Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials" 4630:

Inoue H, Kudo SE, Shiokawa A (January 2005). "Technology insight: Laser-scanning confocal microscopy and endocytoscopy for cellular observation of the gastrointestinal tract".

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appetite. Bowel movements may be dark and tarry in nature. To determine whether cancer is present in the stomach, special X-rays and/or abdominal ultrasounds may be performed.

2381:"Targeting the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Compartment for Inducing Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Is Best Limited to Specific Subtypes of Gastric Cancers" 4530:

Amal H, Leja M, Funka K, Skapars R, Sivins A, Ancans G, et al. (March 2016). "Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath".

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Paterson HM, McCole D, Auld CD (May 2006). "Impact of open-access endoscopy on detection of early oesophageal and gastric cancer 1994 - 2003: population-based study".

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Pentenero M, Carrozzo M, Pagano M, Gandolfo S (July 2004). "Oral acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms and sign of leser-trélat in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma".

753:(left). In the thyroid gland, I-concentration is more progressive, also in the reservoir (from 1% after 30 minutes to 5.8% after 48 hours, of the total injected dose). 5723:

Narayan R, Kim J, Park DJ (2024). "Robotic-assisted proximal gastrectomy with a laparoscopic-assisted double-tract reconstruction for proximal early gastric cancer".

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Syn NL, Wee I, Shabbir A, Kim G, So JB (December 2018). "Pouch Versus No Pouch Following Total gastrectomy: Meta-analysis of Randomized and Non-randomized Studies".

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Lim JS, Yun MJ, Kim MJ, Hyung WJ, Park MS, Choi JY, et al. (2006). "CT and PET in stomach cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring of response to therapy".

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Qin J, Liu M, Ding Q, Ji X, Hao Y, Wu X, et al. (October 2014). "The direct effect of estrogen on cell viability and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells".

3636:"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study" 3137: 1709:

Less than 5% of stomach cancers occur in people under 40 years of age, with 81.1% of that 5% in the age-group of 30 to 39 and 18.9% in the age-group of 20 to 29.

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supplementation did not find supporting evidence and possibly worse outcomes. Modern technology is used to promote early diagnosis, e.g. based on serum markers.

1093: 3880: 7401: 6147:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" 6213:"PRESS RELEASE N° 224 Global battle against cancer won't be won with treatment alone: Effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis" 1810: 1254:– Limited to the inner lining of the stomach, it is treatable by endoscopic mucosal resection when found very early (in routine screenings), or otherwise by 6808: 5752:"Clinical significance of palliative gastrectomy on the survival of patients with incurable advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 6349: 3772:

Josefssson M, Ekblad E (2009). "22. Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in Gastric Mucosa: Gastric Iodide Secretion". In Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson R (eds.).

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Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB (August 2005). "Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications".

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Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M (August 2000). "Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life?".

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intake are associated with a lower risk of stomach cancer. A Mediterranean diet is associated with lower rates of stomach cancer, as is regular

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Dietary factors are not proven causes, and the association between stomach cancer and various foods and beverages is weak. Some foods including

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Pretz JL, Wo JY, Mamon HJ, Kachnic LA, Hong TS (July 2013). "Chemoradiation therapy: localized esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer".

4005:"Germline E-cadherin mutations in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: assessment of 42 new families and review of genetic screening criteria" 2740: 7039: 5794: 4054:"The association of arsenic exposure with mortality due to cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's and congenital anomalies using Poisson regression" 2951: 1556:

overexpression in gastric neoplasia is heterogeneous and comprises a minority of tumor cells (less than 10% of gastric cancers overexpress

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Obesity is a physical risk factor that has been found to increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma by contributing to the development of

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in those who are infected decreases the risk of stomach cancer. A 2014 meta-analysis of observational studies found that a diet high in

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and carbohydrate antigen may be ordered, as their levels correlate to extent of metastasis, especially to the liver, and the cure rate.

6279: 4252:"Gastric-and-intestinal mixed-type intestinal metaplasia: aberrant expression of transcription factors and stem cell intestinalization" 3208: 3191: 2473:

Stewart BW, Wild C, et al. (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2014). "1.1 The global and regional burden of cancer".

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changes involved in stomach cancer. A very small percentage of diffuse-type gastric cancers (see Histopathology below) arise from an

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decreases the future risk. If stomach cancer is treated early, it can be cured. Treatments may include some combination of surgery,

7572: 6801: 3523:"Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence" 1446: 7289: 5312:

Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (July 2008). "Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers".

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Rahmani A, Khamutian S, Doosti-Irani A, Shokoohizadeh MJ, Shirmohammadi-Khorram N, Sahraeei F, et al. (19 September 2023).

7498: 7421: 7149: 5255:"Vitamin intake reduce the risk of gastric cancer: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and observational studies" 861: 4732: 2825: 2237: 6522: 6099: 6034: 4824: 4803: 3781: 2647: 2612: 2585: 2558: 2482: 2301: 2270: 1088:

is a malignant epithelial tumour, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are about 90%

6834: 7670: 7589: 5002: 7338: 7294: 6794: 6685: 3375:"Association of Fried Food Intake with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies" 2500:"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" 2182:"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" 988:-style breath test intended to diagnose stomach cancer by analyzing exhaled chemicals without the need for an intrusive 7555: 3133: 5453:

Wadhwa R, Taketa T, Sudo K, Blum MA, Ajani JA (June 2013). "Modern oncological approaches to gastric adenocarcinoma".

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Thrumurthy SG, Chaudry MA, Hochhauser D, Mughal M (November 2013). "The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer".

1575:(also called radiotherapy) may be used to treat stomach cancer, often as an adjuvant to chemotherapy and/or surgery. 849: 835: 424: 7197: 3955: 3577:"Fruits and vegetables intake and gastric cancer risk: A pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling Project" 1802: 1564:

testing, particularly in small samples such as biopsies, requiring the evaluation of more than one bioptic sample.

1096:): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the 7629: 7466: 7441: 3981: 3904:"Association of polymorphisms in TP53 and the promoter region of IL10 with gastric cancer in a Kazakh population" 1339: 1287: 812: 6540:"Gastrointestinal neoplasia: carcinogenic interaction between bile acids and Helicobacter pylori in the stomach" 5345:"Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases" 4575:"Volatile organic compounds as a potential screening tool for neoplasm of the digestive system: a meta-analysis" 2015: 1694:

cases, and among women, stomach cancer was diagnosed in 349 947 cases, accounting for 4.1% of all cancer cases.

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Kulmambetova G, Shtefanov I, Aitkulova A, Imanbekova M, Iskakova A, Makishev A, et al. (November 2020).

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Chandanos E, Lagergren J (November 2008). "Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer".

1133: 6773: 4211:"Menetrier's disease in korea: report of two cases and review of cases in a gastric cancer prevalent region" 2427:

Stathis A, Bertoni F, Zucca E (September 2010). "Treatment of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type".

7634: 7545: 7456: 7328: 7002: 6825: 5490:"Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopy-assisted and open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer" 1460: 1024: 7599: 6293: 4749:

Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, Chang Y, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N, et al. (October 1991).

4337:"The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: A retrospective study" 3101:"Developing a vaccine for the Epstein–Barr Virus could prevent up to 200,000 cancers globally say experts" 1698:

decreased slightly from 774,000 in 1990, making it the third-leading cause of cancer-related death (after

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infection, the virulence genotypes of the infecting strain and gastric cancer in the African setting".

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in more than 5% of tumor cells). Hence, this heterogeneous expression should be taken into account for

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Gastric cancer can occur as a result of many factors. It occurs twice as commonly in males as females.

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are other risk factors. About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to

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Buckland G, Agudo A, Luján L, Jakszyn P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, et al. (February 2010).

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Louw JA, Kidd MS, Kummer AF, Taylor K, Kotze U, Hanslo D (December 2001). "The relationship between

5859:"HER2 in gastric cancer: a digital image analysis in pre-neoplastic, primary and metastatic lesions" 5404:"Gastric Cancer Pre-Stage Detection and Early Diagnosis of Gastritis Using Serum Protein Signatures" 2070:

Orditura M, Galizia G, Sforza V, Gambardella V, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, et al. (February 2014).

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infection and germline pathogenic variants in homologous-recombination genes. It was estimated that

580:). However, fewer than one in every 50 people referred for endoscopy due to indigestion has cancer. 7624: 7535: 7493: 7461: 7411: 7144: 6998: 6696: 5065:"Survival trends in patients with gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas: a population-based study" 4887:

Qu Q, Xuan W, Fan GH (January 2015). "Roles of resolvins in the resolution of acute inflammation".

4460:"A nanomaterial-based breath test for distinguishing gastric cancer from benign gastric conditions" 1238: 1121:, the mucus remains inside the tumour cell and pushes the nucleus to the periphery, giving rise to 794: 458:

lowers the risk of stomach cancer, as does not smoking. Tentative evidence indicates that treating

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Fusco N, Rocco EG, Del Conte C, Pellegrini C, Bulfamante G, Di Nuovo F, et al. (June 2013).

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Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects

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Initiative for Vaccine Research team of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals

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Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. (4 April 2024).

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infection is an essential risk factor in 65–80% of gastric cancers, but only 2% of people with

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Brooks-Wilson AR, Kaurah P, Suriano G, Leach S, Senz J, Grehan N, et al. (July 2004).

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Ferro A, Costa AR, Morais S, Bertuccio P, Rota M, Pelucchi C, et al. (December 2020).

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Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).

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was associated with a lower risk of stomach cancer in the Korean population. Low doses of

557:. Left above: normal, right above: FICE, left low: acetate stained, right low: AIM stained 427:. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. Diagnosis is usually by 8: 6674: 5933:

Uhlen M, Zhang C, Lee S, Sjöstedt E, Fagerberg L, Bidkhori G, et al. (August 2017).

5898: 4840:"Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models" 2757: 1764: 1031: 972: 687: 460: 400: 196: 6248:

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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, et al. (May 2022).

6162: 4966:"Detailed Guide: Stomach Cancer Treatment Choices by Type and Stage of Stomach Cancer" 4508: 3053:

Usui Y, Taniyama Y, Endo M, Koyanagi YN, Kasugai Y, Oze I, et al. (March 2023). "

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WHO report on cancer: setting priorities, investing wisely and providing care for all

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Calik I, Calik M, Sarikaya B, Ozercan IH, Arslan R, Artas G, et al. (May 2020).

5956: 5880: 5828: 5786: 5697: 5659: 5610: 5556: 5521: 5470: 5435: 5384: 5325: 5294: 5235: 5194: 5145: 5094: 5037: 4947: 4904: 4869: 4799: 4776: 4690: 4686: 4647: 4612: 4559: 4547: 4489: 4440: 4366: 4321: 4309: 4273: 4232: 4191: 4150: 4099: 4081: 4034: 3933: 3845: 3814: 3777: 3746: 3711: 3657: 3616: 3554: 3499: 3460: 3431:"Meat intake and risk of gastric cancer in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) project" 3406: 3355: 3306: 3263: 3213: 3172: 3086: 3074: 3027: 3012: 2925: 2890: 2840: 2806: 2707: 2643: 2608: 2581: 2554: 2521: 2478: 2444: 2402: 2361: 2297: 2266: 2211: 2203: 2103: 1984: 1928: 1572: 1427: 1359: 1047: 956: 907: 816: 554: 498: 469: 260: 225: 185: 73: 6679: 6495: 6085: 5840: 5709: 5063:

Crane SJ, Locke GR, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Romero Y, Talley NJ (October 2008).

5049: 4916: 4702: 4659: 4411:"Neoplastic stomach lesions and their mimickers: spectrum of imaging manifestations" 4384: 3758: 3429:

Ferro A, Rosato V, Rota M, Costa AR, Morais S, Pelucchi C, et al. (July 2020).

3326:"Nature, Nurture, and Cancer Risks: Genetic and Nutritional Contributions to Cancer" 3275: 3225: 2937: 2533: 2330:

Wagner AD, Syn NL, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai BC, et al. (August 2017).

2229: 1996: 7660: 7107: 6981: 6896: 6884: 6608: 6600: 6559: 6551: 6475: 6431: 6421: 6261: 6198: 6176: 6166: 6158: 6107: 6063: 5995: 5987: 5946: 5870: 5820: 5776: 5766: 5732: 5689: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5600: 5590: 5548: 5511: 5501: 5462: 5425: 5415: 5374: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5321: 5317: 5284: 5274: 5225: 5184: 5176: 5135: 5125: 5084: 5076: 5029: 4939: 4896: 4859: 4851: 4766: 4717: 4682: 4639: 4602: 4594: 4539: 4479: 4471: 4430: 4422: 4356: 4348: 4301: 4263: 4222: 4181: 4140: 4130: 4089: 4073: 4024: 4016: 3923: 3915: 3806: 3738: 3701: 3691: 3647: 3606: 3596: 3588: 3544: 3534: 3491: 3450: 3442: 3396: 3386: 3345: 3337: 3298: 3255: 3203: 3066: 3039: 3017: 3007: 2917: 2882: 2848: 2796: 2788: 2719: 2699: 2511: 2456: 2436: 2392: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2193: 2093: 2083: 1974: 1918: 1910: 1743: 1540:

in inoperable locally advanced or metastatic gastric carcinoma over-expressing the

1485: 1366:, only 5% of patients were diagnosed in the first two stages and 10% in stage III. 1122: 1113: 1109: 828: 585: 526: 473: 448: 264: 78: 6747: 5230: 5213: 4409:

Virmani V, Khandelwal A, Sethi V, Fraser-Hill M, Fasih N, Kielar A (August 2012).

944:

was found to be a likely risk factor for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.

6949: 6932: 6701: 5693: 5279: 2498:

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A (November 2018).

2440: 2397: 2380: 1894: 1455: 1438:

and improved ways of using current methods are being studied in clinical trials.

1383: 1273: 1259: 1089: 966: 882: 481: 436: 417: 325: 4771: 4750: 4426: 699:

induces stomach cancer potentially involves chronic inflammation, the action of

52: 7263: 7226: 7156: 7054: 6994: 6937: 6856: 6712: 5875: 5858: 4598: 4543: 4305: 4077: 3834:"Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach" 3810: 2886: 2792: 1755: 1277: 1218: 1084: 993: 941: 930: 778: 663: 624: 604: 581: 550: 510: 317: 111: 5552: 5466: 5420: 4458:

Xu ZQ, Broza YY, Ionsecu R, Tisch U, Ding L, Liu H, et al. (March 2013).

4268: 4251: 4227: 4210: 3832:

Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A (January 2000).

3302: 2921: 2703: 7649: 7207: 6889: 6786: 6426: 6068: 6051: 5991: 5824: 5771: 5506: 5114:"Incidence and survival of stomach cancer in a high-risk population of Chile" 4718:"Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Detection, Interpretation, and Evaluation" 4085: 3919: 3818: 3539: 3495: 2207: 1583: 1431: 827:

About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1 and 3% of cases are due to

659: 655: 502: 61: 6664: 5951: 5934: 4352: 4135: 4020: 3951: 3652: 3635: 2088: 7381: 7169: 6622: 6573: 6487: 6445: 6190: 6077: 6009: 5960: 5884: 5832: 5790: 5701: 5663: 5614: 5579:"Critical appraisal of trastuzumab in treatment of advanced stomach cancer" 5560: 5525: 5474: 5439: 5388: 5329: 5298: 5239: 5198: 5149: 5098: 5041: 4951: 4908: 4873: 4694: 4651: 4643: 4616: 4573:

Wang L, Li J, Xiong X, Hao T, Zhang C, Gao Z, et al. (December 2021).

4551: 4493: 4444: 4370: 4313: 4277: 4236: 4195: 4154: 4103: 4038: 3937: 3849: 3750: 3715: 3696: 3661: 3620: 3558: 3503: 3464: 3410: 3359: 3310: 3267: 3078: 3031: 2929: 2894: 2844: 2810: 2711: 2525: 2448: 2406: 2365: 2215: 2107: 1988: 1932: 1703: 1489: 1435: 1423: 1403: 1328: 1302:– Cancer has spread to nearby tissues and more distant lymph nodes, or has 1234: 1196: 1176: 1156: 985: 762: 562: 465: 256: 5033: 4780: 4335:

Li D, Zhang J, Yao WZ, Zhang DL, Feng CC, He Q, et al. (April 2020).

3977: 3217: 3209:

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<565::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O

3176: 3070: 1484:

The use of chemotherapy to treat stomach cancer has no firmly established

7234: 7187: 7130: 7074: 6731: 5750:

Sun J, Song Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Gao P, Xu Y, et al. (December 2013).

4943: 4051: 1914: 1748: 1699: 1533: 1505: 1501: 1407: 1395: 1324: 1303: 1269: 1255: 1035: 981: 960: 874: 842: 801: 758: 616: 573: 444: 357: 349: 208: 149: 139: 5976:"P2X7 receptor as an independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer" 5736: 5595: 5369: 5343:

Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (March 2012).

5130: 4475: 3901: 3601: 2777:"Should Loss of Appetite Be Palliated in Patients with Advanced Cancer?" 7320: 6100:"Are the number of cancer cases increasing or decreasing in the world?" 5080: 4900: 4855: 3391: 3190:

Trédaniel J, Boffetta P, Buiatti E, Saracci R, Hirsch A (August 1997).

2996:"Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis" 2516: 2499: 2198: 2181: 1590:

infection is treated. This results in remission in about 80% of cases.

1493: 1463:(EMR) is a treatment for early gastric cancer (tumor only involves the 1332: 1312: 1092:. Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma ( 591:

Gastric cancers that have enlarged and invaded normal tissue can cause

505:

as a method of preserving food. Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in

389: 385: 369: 321: 6647: 6604: 6555: 5180: 4186: 4169: 3627: 3592: 3446: 3324:

Theodoratou E, Timofeeva M, Li X, Meng X, Ioannidis JP (August 2017).

3259: 1979: 1962: 7216: 7139: 6957: 6742: 5903: 4838:

Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Williams JM, Pritchard DM (February 2017).

3833: 1759: 1552:

is overexpressed in 13–22% of patients with gastric cancer. Of note,

1509: 1497: 1468: 1454:

Surgery remains the only curative therapy for stomach cancer. A 2016

1320: 1316: 1308: 1272:(stage 1B): Stage 1A is treated by surgery, including removal of the 1139: 1101: 1016: 1012: 989: 911: 648: 640: 577: 521: 506: 432: 396: 361: 337: 329: 271: 234: 154: 100: 5212:

Woo HD, Park S, Oh K, Kim HJ, Shin HR, Moon HK, et al. (2014).

1217:

If cancer cells are found in the tissue sample, the next step is to

841:

A genetic risk factor for gastric cancer is a genetic defect of the

324:, which can be divided into a number of subtypes, including gastric 7279: 1714: 1548: 1542: 1525: 1513: 1355: 1226: 903: 869: 831: 782: 675: 620: 612: 600: 592: 534: 484:

may be advised. Some types of lymphoma can be cured by eliminating

439:

to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body.

420: 353: 201: 181: 144: 105: 81: 5253:

Kong P, Cai Q, Geng Q, Wang J, Lan Y, Zhan Y, et al. (2014).

678:

may protect women against the development of this form of cancer.

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3480:"Human carcinogenesis and bracken fern: a review of the evidence" 3245: 3159:

Nomura A, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN, Severson RK (November 1990).

1399: 1391: 1222: 1155:

Poor to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

1004: 959:

is the diagnostic method of choice. This involves insertion of a

805: 790: 530: 413: 408:

have greater risks than others. Smoking, dietary factors such as

218: 121: 6690: 5342: 5311: 2688: 2069: 404:, which accounts for more than 60% of cases. Certain strains of 6659: 5003:"Detailed Guide: Stomach Cancer: How Is Stomach Cancer Staged?" 4672: 4002: 3189: 1464: 1387: 1039: 1000: 865: 644: 636: 632: 608: 546: 428: 365: 341: 313: 230: 159: 116: 65: 4290: 4167: 3192:"Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: review and meta-analysis" 3158: 1128:

Around 5% of gastric cancers are lymphomas. These may include

980:

In 2013, Chinese and Israeli scientists reported a successful

372:

from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the

7379: 5856: 2497: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599:

five-year survival rate for stomach cancer is less than 10%.

1379: 1363: 1027:

are being tested investigationally for similar applications.

926: 533:

is invaded, leading to a leather bottle-like appearance with

440: 377: 373: 6586: 5488:

Chen K, Xu XW, Zhang RC, Pan Y, Wu D, Mou YP (August 2013).

5062: 2826:"Environmental and lifestyle risk factors of gastric cancer" 1406:, decrease the risk of stomach cancer. A previous review of 1034:

are associated with gastric cancer. A condition of darkened

336:

may also develop in the stomach. Early symptoms may include

7276: 6410:"Gastric cancer in Africa: current management and outcomes" 5163:

Ford AC, Forman D, Hunt RH, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P (May 2014).

4632:

Nature Clinical Practice. Gastroenterology & Hepatology

4249: 3831: 3288: 1233:

exam, or other tests to check these areas. Blood tests for

934: 878: 800:

Fresh fruit and vegetable intake, citrus fruit intake, and

774: 766: 716: 704: 381: 6247: 5111: 3323: 1050:, which is the rapid development of skin lesions known as 885:

and treatment options are available for families at risk.

695:

infections develop stomach cancer. The mechanism by which

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Venturi S (2011). "Evolutionary Significance of Iodine".

3633: 3574: 2952:"Proceedings of the fourth Global Vaccine Research Forum" 1450:

Anatomy before Roux-en-y surgery to resect stomach cancer

5112:

Heise K, Bertran E, Andia ME, Ferreccio C (April 2009).

3052: 2179: 565:(producing no noticeable symptoms) or it may cause only 549:

in early stage. Its histology was poorly differentiated

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Abnormal tissue seen in a gastroscope examination is

447:, two countries that have high rates of the disease, 6637: 6515:

Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology

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Stage 1B may be treated with chemotherapy ( 1057:Various blood tests may be done, including a 929:polymorphism (rs3761548) might contribute to 5804: 5567: 5532: 5481: 5446: 5211: 4968:. American Cancer Society. 3 November 2009. 4923: 4880: 4755:infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma" 4666: 4243: 4202: 4110: 3996: 3565: 3514: 3232: 2987: 2907: 2631: 2580:(8th ed.). Wolter Kluwer. p. 127. 2547:Tobias SJ, Hochhauser D, Souhami RL (2010). 2016:"Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)" 647:or extension of the gastric tumour into the 529:, a type of stomach cancer where the entire 354:yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes 320:. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric 145:yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes 5716: 5634:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5349:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5314:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4823:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKumar2010 ( 3478:Alonso-Amelot ME, Avendaño M (March 2002). 3128: 3126: 2664:"Statistics and outlook for stomach cancer" 2573: 2379:Kodach LL, Peppelenbosch MP (August 2021). 2336:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2125:"Cancer of the Stomach - Cancer Stat Facts" 1939: 1262:without need for chemotherapy or radiation. 1247:The clinical stages of stomach cancer are: 7372: 7358: 6809: 6795: 6517:(5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 402–3. 6252:[Gastric Cancer in Young Adults]. 5852: 5850: 5541:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America 5218:Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 4116: 3980:. International Cancer Genome Consortium. 3970: 3954:. 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For certain subtypes of gastric cancer, 395:The most common cause is infection by the 51: 7065:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer 6612: 6563: 6435: 6425: 6265: 6180: 6170: 6092: 6067: 5999: 5980:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5950: 5874: 5780: 5770: 5653: 5604: 5594: 5515: 5505: 5455:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 5429: 5419: 5378: 5368: 5288: 5278: 5229: 5188: 5139: 5129: 5088: 4886: 4863: 4770: 4606: 4483: 4434: 4360: 4267: 4226: 4185: 4144: 4134: 4093: 4028: 3927: 3908:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3705: 3695: 3651: 3610: 3600: 3548: 3538: 3454: 3400: 3390: 3349: 3207: 3021: 3011: 2994:Hatakeyama M, Higashi H (December 2005). 2800: 2515: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2396: 2355: 2197: 2147: 2145: 2097: 2087: 1978: 1922: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1130:extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas 7402:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6457: 6455: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6346:"Stomach Cancer: Death Rate Per 100,000" 6138: 5105: 4985:"What Are The Stages Of Stomach Cancer?" 3944: 3123: 2491: 2310: 2289: 2065: 2063: 2061: 1622: 1445: 1343:Stomach cancer metastasized to the lungs 1338: 1208: 1072: 963:camera into the stomach to visualise it. 747: 540: 520: 7290:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm 6508: 6043: 5847: 5205: 4831: 4506: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3796: 3743:10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00006 3673: 3671: 2621:from the original on 16 September 2015. 2279:from the original on 15 September 2015. 2170: 2114: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 1963:"Gastric cancer: epidemiologic aspects" 1742:The stomach is a muscular organ of the 1354:In a study of open-access endoscopy in 738:increased risk with alcohol consumption 719:is also associated with elevated risk. 480:is an option as well. If treated late, 348:. Later signs and symptoms may include 14: 7666:Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases 7648: 6352:from the original on 13 September 2014 6021: 6019: 5908: 4982: 4794:Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kuma V (2010). 4738:from the original on 22 November 2010. 3161:"Cigarette smoking and stomach cancer" 2944: 2600: 2413: 2258: 2142: 1825: 862:International Cancer Genome Consortium 797:with a higher risk of stomach cancer. 7353: 6790: 6774:"Gastric cancer treatment guidelines" 6593:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 6544:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 6452: 6394: 6267:10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2000v46n3.2441 5675: 5673: 4818: 3825: 2781:Current Treatment Options in Oncology 2656: 1758:interaction was demonstrated between 572:Early cancers may be associated with 516: 6300:from the original on 14 January 2016 5891: 4991:from the original on 2 January 2010. 4972:from the original on 8 October 2009. 4675:International Journal of Dermatology 4389:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 4117:Tseng CH, Tseng FH (February 2014). 3984:from the original on 7 February 2014 3883:from the original on 20 October 2014 3856: 3722: 3668: 3521:Jakszyn P, Gonzalez CA (July 2006). 2038: 1768:in a mouse model of gastric cancer. 1536:, has been demonstrated to increase 969:(may be called barium roentgenogram) 7499:Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease 7339:Desmoplastic small round cell tumor 6538:Alizadeh M, Raufman JP (May 2022). 6382:from the original on 7 October 2014 6326:from the original on 3 January 2016 6250:"Câncer gástrico em adultos jovens" 6106:. WHO. 1 April 2008. Archived from 6056:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 6016: 5009:from the original on 25 March 2008. 4759:The New England Journal of Medicine 3678:Crew KD, Neugut AI (January 2006). 3059:The New England Journal of Medicine 2910:Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2824:Lee YY, Derakhshan MH (June 2013). 2739:. NHS. January 2001. Archived from 2670:from the original on 5 January 2014 2504:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2186:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 1519: 1430:. New treatment approaches such as 1132:(MALT type) and to a lesser extent 1112:adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, 24: 7040:Polymerase proofreading-associated 5800:from the original on 7 April 2014. 5670: 3958:from the original on 21 April 2014 3342:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051004 3111:from the original on 19 March 2017 2775:Ehret C, Jatoi A (February 2021). 2635:Cancer, culture, and communication 2632:Moore RJ, Spiegel D, eds. (2004). 2574:Khleif RT, Skeel SN, eds. (2011). 1717:, at 28 cases per 100,000 people. 1191:Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and 25: 7682: 6902:Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer 6633: 6414:World Journal of Gastroenterology 6282:from the original on 3 July 2009. 6229:from the original on 3 March 2014 5813:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 5494:World Journal of Gastroenterology 5118:World Journal of Gastroenterology 4123:World Journal of Gastroenterology 3952:"Gastric Cancer — Adenocarcinoma" 3684:World Journal of Gastroenterology 3527:World Journal of Gastroenterology 2961:. WHO. April 2004. Archived from 2429:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2076:World Journal of Gastroenterology 1899:"Role of bacteria in oncogenesis" 1803:"Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)" 1068: 1065:to check for blood in the stool. 850:hereditary diffuse gastric cancer 836:hereditary diffuse gastric cancer 545:Endoscopic images of the stomach 425:hereditary diffuse gastric cancer 213:Smoking, dietary factors such as 7198:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia 6480:10.1046/j.1523-5378.2001.00044.x 6364: 6338: 6312: 6286: 6241: 6205: 6122: 6052:"Global cancer statistics, 2002" 5967: 5926: 4687:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02159.x 4170:"Gastric neuroendocrine tumours" 3680:"Epidemiology of gastric cancer" 3140:from the original on 6 July 2010 3013:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x 2240:from the original on 4 July 2014 2026:from the original on 4 July 2014 1813:from the original on 5 July 2014 1737: 1469:Endoscopic submucosal dissection 1184: 1164: 1148: 1023:gastroscopic modalities such as 1011:. This tissue is then sent to a 940:In a human retrospective study, 933:development through influencing 615:. Further enlargement may cause 64:that was diagnosed as cancer on 6294:"Health profile: United States" 5743: 5621: 5395: 5336: 5305: 5246: 5156: 5056: 5013: 4995: 4976: 4958: 4844:Disease Models & Mechanisms 4812: 4787: 4742: 4709: 4623: 4566: 4523: 4500: 4451: 4402: 4377: 4328: 4284: 4045: 3895: 3790: 3765: 3471: 3366: 3282: 3196:International Journal of Cancer 3183: 3152: 3093: 3046: 2901: 2866: 2817: 2768: 2750: 2726: 2682: 2625: 2594: 2577:Handbook of cancer chemotherapy 2567: 2540: 2372: 2283: 2252: 2222: 1618: 1479: 1038:of the skin, frequently of the 888: 864:is leading efforts to identify 813:gastroesophageal reflux disease 669: 561:Stomach cancer is often either 368:, among others. The cancer may 7300:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm 7103:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 7060:Familial adenomatous polyposis 5646:10.1002/14651858.CD011389.pub2 5583:Cancer Management and Research 5361:10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 5322:10.1002/14651858.CD004183.pub3 3838:Advances in Clinical Pathology 3776:. Elsevier. pp. 215–220. 2348:10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4 1134:diffuse large B-cell lymphomas 13: 1: 7108:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic) 6163:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 5231:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8509 2607:. Author House. p. 339. 2477:. World Health Organization. 2290:Sim F, McKee M, eds. (2011). 2072:"Treatment of gastric cancer" 1903:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1771: 1413: 1369: 1142:and stromal tumors may occur. 681: 7329:Primary peritoneal carcinoma 7003:traditional serrated adenoma 5694:10.1097/sla.0000000000003082 5280:10.1371/journal.pone.0116060 2833:Archives of Iranian Medicine 2758:"Symptoms of stomach cancer" 2441:10.1517/14656566.2010.497141 2398:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.047 1593: 1567: 1461:endoscopic mucosal resection 1061:to check for anaemia, and a 1025:optical coherence tomography 947: 707:, or an interaction between 603:of the stomach after meals, 7: 7671:Infectious causes of cancer 7269:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma 6372:"Stomach cancer statistics" 5005:. American Cancer Society. 4796:Pathologic Basis of Disease 4772:10.1056/NEJM199110173251603 4427:10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0031 4009:Journal of Medical Genetics 3873:"Hereditary Diffuse Cancer" 3731:Annals of Internal Medicine 3484:Current Medicinal Chemistry 3136:. American Cancer Society. 2692:Journal of Cancer Education 2638:. Kluwer Academic. p. 1578: 1119:signet ring cell carcinomas 902:Other risk factors include 822: 635:) and sometimes leading to 10: 7687: 7285:Serous microcystic adenoma 6880:Signet ring cell carcinoma 6818:Digestive system neoplasia 5876:10.1038/modpathol.2012.228 4889:Cell Biology International 4599:10.1038/s41598-021-02906-8 4544:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308536 4507:Paddock C (6 March 2013). 4306:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155351 4078:10.1038/s41598-023-42744-4 3811:10.2174/187231311796765012 3330:Annual Review of Nutrition 2887:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.031 2875:European Journal of Cancer 2793:10.1007/s11864-021-00829-0 2230:"Stomach (Gastric) Cancer" 1441: 1213:T stages of stomach cancer 1204: 1173:signet ring cell carcinoma 731: 722: 703:virulence factors such as 281:< 10% (advanced cases), 7389: 7319: 7248: 7206: 7193:Focal nodular hyperplasia 7129: 7120: 7095: 7073: 6971: 6948: 6923: 6914: 6865: 6842: 6833: 6824: 6779:National Cancer Institute 6722: 6641: 6220:World Health Organization 5553:10.1016/j.soc.2013.02.005 5467:10.1016/j.gtc.2013.01.011 5421:10.3390/molecules27092857 4983:Slowik G (October 2009). 4464:British Journal of Cancer 4269:10.1007/s10120-006-0375-6 4228:10.3349/ymj.2004.45.3.555 3303:10.1089/10507250050137851 2922:10.1007/s11010-014-2115-2 2704:10.1007/s13187-017-1266-8 2550:Cancer and its management 1524:Recently, treatment with 1504:(Adriamycin), as well as 643:suggests a tumour in the 449:screen for stomach cancer 295: 287: 270: 251: 240: 224: 207: 191: 176: 168: 87: 72: 59: 50: 42: 37: 7573:Motor vehicle collisions 7295:Mucinous cystic neoplasm 7145:Hepatocellular carcinoma 6999:sessile serrated adenoma 6427:10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3875 6131:World Cancer Report 2014 6069:10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74 5992:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4620 5825:10.1517/14656566.8.6.797 5772:10.1186/1471-2407-13-577 5507:10.3748/wjg.v19.i32.5365 5351:(Submitted manuscript). 3920:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4761 3799:Current Chemical Biology 3540:10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296 3496:10.2174/0929867023370743 2475:World Cancer Report 2014 1876:World Cancer Report 2014 1288:neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1280:) and radiation therapy. 1239:carcinoembryonic antigen 897: 576:or a burning sensation ( 340:, upper abdominal pain, 7334:Peritoneal mesothelioma 7083:Squamous cell carcinoma 6852:Squamous cell carcinoma 6320:"Health profile: China" 5952:10.1126/science.aan2507 5069:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 4353:10.1111/1751-2980.12858 4136:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1701 4021:10.1136/jmg.2004.018275 3653:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28209 2293:Issues in public health 2089:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635 1063:fecal occult blood test 743: 490:five-year survival rate 316:that develops from the 277:Five-year survival rate 7422:Cardiovascular disease 7175:Hepatocellular adenoma 6963:Pseudomyxoma peritonei 4644:10.1038/ncpgasthep0072 4215:Yonsei Medical Journal 3697:10.3748/wjg.v12.i3.354 2666:. Cancer Research UK. 1873:"5.4 Stomach Cancer". 1690: 1451: 1344: 1214: 1078: 754: 607:in the upper abdomen, 558: 538: 435:. This is followed by 68:and surgically removed 7600:Risky sexual behavior 7384:of medical conditions 6172:10536/DRO/DU:30050819 5034:10.1055/s-2006-925124 3877:No Stomach for Cancer 3071:10.1056/NEJMoa2211807 2982:and gastric cancer... 1626: 1546:gene. In particular, 1449: 1342: 1231:endoscopic ultrasound 1212: 1193:intestinal metaplasia 1094:Lauren classification 1076: 920:intestinal metaplasia 751: 544: 524: 386:lining of the abdomen 362:difficulty swallowing 318:lining of the stomach 283:32% (US), 71% (Japan) 155:difficulty swallowing 7590:Periodontal diseases 7180:Cavernous hemangioma 7031:Familial adenomatous 7018:Polyposis syndromes: 6513:. In Vail DM (ed.). 5920:www.proteinatlas.org 4944:10.1148/rg.261055078 4511:. Medical News Today 2854:on 18 September 2020 2764:. 17 September 2018. 2022:. 27 February 2014. 1915:10.1128/CMR.00012-10 1508:, and more recently 1402:, especially from a 1059:complete blood count 1052:seborrheic keratoses 1044:acanthosis nigricans 1042:and groin, known as 1032:cutaneous conditions 819:and gastric cancer. 582:Abdominal discomfort 567:nonspecific symptoms 525:Endoscopic image of 478:cancer immunotherapy 180:Gastric carcinomas, 6509:Withrow SJ (2013). 6464:Helicobacter pylori 6254:Rev. Bras. Cancerol 6222:. 3 February 2014. 6157:(9859): 2095–2128. 5596:10.2147/CMAR.S12698 5271:2014PLoSO...9k6060K 5131:10.3748/wjg.15.1854 4753:Helicobacter pylori 4591:2021NatSR..1123716W 4476:10.1038/bjc.2013.44 4070:2023NatSR..1315456R 3055:Helicobacter pylori 2980:Helicobacter pylori 2746:on 13 October 2012. 1765:Helicobacter pylori 973:Computed tomography 916:Menetrier's disease 910:, chronic atrophic 688:Helicobacter pylori 401:Helicobacter pylori 197:Helicobacter pylori 7556:Metabolic syndrome 7240:Gallbladder cancer 7222:Cholangiocarcinoma 7162:Liver angiosarcoma 7096:Upper and/or lower 7045:Serrated polyposis 6782:. 14 October 2022. 6723:External resources 6376:Cancer Research UK 6104:WHO Online Q&A 5945:(6352): eaan2507. 5081:10.4065/83.10.1087 4901:10.1002/cbin.10345 4856:10.1242/dmm.027649 4579:Scientific Reports 4058:Scientific Reports 3510:on 6 October 2011. 3392:10.3390/nu15132982 3105:Cancer Research UK 2601:Knight JA (2010). 2517:10.3322/caac.21492 2259:Ruddon RW (2007). 2199:10.3322/caac.21834 1973:(Suppl 1): 34–38. 1691: 1452: 1349:TNM staging system 1345: 1215: 1106:muscularis propria 1098:muscularis mucosae 1079: 1009:gastroenterologist 787:pickled vegetables 755: 736:Some studies show 713:Epstein–Barr virus 629:blood in the stool 559: 539: 517:Signs and symptoms 456:Mediterranean diet 410:pickled vegetables 366:blood in the stool 334:mesenchymal tumors 245:Mediterranean diet 215:pickled vegetables 160:blood in the stool 7643: 7642: 7630:Teenage pregnancy 7516:Domestic violence 7511:Diabetes mellitus 7347: 7346: 7315: 7314: 7307:Pancreatoblastoma 7259:exocrine pancreas 7116: 7115: 7091: 7090: 6910: 6909: 6875:Gastric carcinoma 6768: 6767: 6605:10.1172/JCI147822 6556:10.1172/JCI160194 6524:978-0-323-24197-7 6420:(14): 3875–3879. 6036:978-92-4-000129-9 5737:10.24296/jomi/427 5682:Annals of Surgery 5500:(32): 5365–5376. 5224:(19): 8509–8519. 5181:10.1136/bmj.g3174 5124:(15): 1854–1862. 5075:(10): 1087–1094. 4987:. ehealthmd.com. 4805:978-1-4160-3121-5 4765:(16): 1127–1131. 4187:10.1159/000342988 4174:Digestive Surgery 3783:978-0-12-374135-6 3593:10.1002/ijc.33134 3587:(11): 3090–3101. 3533:(27): 4296–4303. 3447:10.1002/ijc.32707 3260:10.1136/bmj.f6367 3107:. 24 March 2014. 3065:(13): 1181–1190. 2881:(16): 2397–2403. 2649:978-0-306-47885-7 2614:978-1-4520-6722-3 2587:978-1-60831-782-0 2560:978-1-4443-0637-8 2484:978-92-832-0429-9 2435:(13): 2141–2152. 2303:978-0-335-24422-5 2272:978-0-19-517543-1 1980:10.1111/hel.12082 1809:. 17 April 2014. 1573:Radiation therapy 1428:radiation therapy 1360:Valdivia Province 1123:signet-ring cells 1048:Leser-Trelat sign 992:. A larger-scale 957:Gastroscopic exam 908:pernicious anemia 829:genetic syndromes 817:iodine deficiency 555:signet ring cells 470:radiation therapy 418:genetic syndromes 303: 302: 261:radiation therapy 226:Diagnostic method 186:mesenchymal tumor 32:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 7678: 7561:Mental disorders 7374: 7367: 7360: 7351: 7350: 7127: 7126: 7026:MUTYH-associated 7011:Cronkhite–Canada 6982:Colorectal polyp 6921: 6920: 6897:Linitis plastica 6885:Gastric lymphoma 6840: 6839: 6831: 6830: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6639: 6638: 6627: 6626: 6616: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6567: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6439: 6429: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6348:. Le Duc Media. 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6322:. Le Duc Media. 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6296:. Le Duc Media. 6290: 6284: 6283: 6269: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6228: 6217: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6184: 6174: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6071: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6023: 6014: 6013: 6003: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5954: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5912: 5906: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5878: 5863:Modern Pathology 5854: 5845: 5844: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5784: 5774: 5756: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5688:(6): 1041–1053. 5677: 5668: 5667: 5657: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5608: 5598: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5509: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5433: 5423: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5372: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5292: 5282: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5233: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5192: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5143: 5133: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5017: 5011: 5010: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4867: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4487: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4438: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4385:"Gastric Cancer" 4381: 4375: 4374: 4364: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4230: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4189: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4148: 4138: 4129:(7): 1701–1711. 4114: 4108: 4107: 4097: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4032: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3931: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3869: 3854: 3853: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3709: 3699: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3655: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3614: 3604: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3552: 3542: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3506:. Archived from 3475: 3469: 3468: 3458: 3426: 3415: 3414: 3404: 3394: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3353: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3243: 3230: 3229: 3211: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3025: 3015: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2978:Epidemiology of 2975: 2973: 2967: 2956: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2853: 2847:. Archived from 2830: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2804: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2519: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2470: 2461: 2460: 2424: 2411: 2410: 2400: 2385:Gastroenterology 2376: 2370: 2369: 2359: 2327: 2308: 2307: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236:. January 1980. 2226: 2220: 2219: 2201: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2149: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2121: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2091: 2082:(7): 1635–1649. 2067: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2012: 2001: 2000: 1982: 1958: 1937: 1936: 1926: 1897:(October 2010). 1890: 1881: 1880: 1870: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1799: 1744:gastrointestinal 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1538:overall survival 1520:Targeted therapy 1496:), methyl-CCNU ( 1486:standard of care 1188: 1168: 1152: 1114:linitis plastica 586:loss of appetite 537:coming out of it 527:linitis plastica 474:targeted therapy 346:loss of appetite 308:, also known as 265:targeted therapy 127:loss of appetite 79:Gastroenterology 55: 35: 34: 21: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7385: 7378: 7348: 7343: 7311: 7244: 7202: 7112: 7087: 7069: 6967: 6944: 6933:Duodenal cancer 6925:Small intestine 6906: 6861: 6820: 6815: 6772: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6718: 6717: 6650: 6636: 6631: 6630: 6585: 6581: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6507: 6503: 6460: 6453: 6406: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6246: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6143: 6139: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6025: 6024: 6017: 5972: 5968: 5931: 5927: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5896: 5892: 5855: 5848: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5754: 5748: 5744: 5721: 5717: 5678: 5671: 5640:(3): CD011389. 5626: 5622: 5575: 5568: 5537: 5533: 5486: 5482: 5451: 5447: 5400: 5396: 5355:(3): CD007176. 5341: 5337: 5316:(3): CD004183. 5310: 5306: 5265:(12): e116060. 5251: 5247: 5210: 5206: 5161: 5157: 5110: 5106: 5061: 5057: 5018: 5014: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4981: 4977: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4928: 4924: 4885: 4881: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4792: 4788: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4710: 4671: 4667: 4628: 4624: 4571: 4567: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4456: 4452: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4333: 4329: 4289: 4285: 4248: 4244: 4207: 4203: 4166: 4162: 4115: 4111: 4050: 4046: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3871: 3870: 3857: 3830: 3826: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3770: 3766: 3727: 3723: 3676: 3669: 3632: 3628: 3573: 3566: 3519: 3515: 3476: 3472: 3427: 3418: 3371: 3367: 3322: 3318: 3287: 3283: 3244: 3233: 3188: 3184: 3165:Cancer Research 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3051: 3047: 3006:(12): 835–843. 2992: 2988: 2971: 2969: 2968:on 27 July 2009 2965: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2916:(1–2): 99–107. 2906: 2902: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2773: 2769: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2630: 2626: 2615: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2545: 2541: 2496: 2492: 2485: 2471: 2464: 2425: 2414: 2377: 2373: 2342:(8): CD004064. 2328: 2311: 2304: 2288: 2284: 2273: 2257: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2178: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2123: 2122: 2115: 2068: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2014: 2013: 2004: 1959: 1940: 1891: 1884: 1872: 1871: 1826: 1816: 1814: 1801: 1800: 1779: 1774: 1740: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1596: 1581: 1570: 1522: 1482: 1456:Cochrane review 1444: 1416: 1374:Getting rid of 1372: 1260:lymphadenectomy 1207: 1200: 1189: 1180: 1169: 1160: 1153: 1090:adenocarcinomas 1071: 967:Upper GI series 950: 937:cell activity. 900: 891: 883:Genetic testing 825: 771:salt-rich foods 746: 734: 725: 684: 672: 611:and occasional 519: 482:palliative care 437:medical imaging 326:adenocarcinomas 282: 280: 164: 131: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7684: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7656:Stomach cancer 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7417:Binge drinking 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7377: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7354: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7325: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7264:Adenocarcinoma 7254: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7230: 7229: 7227:Klatskin tumor 7224: 7212: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7157:Hepatoblastoma 7154: 7153: 7152: 7135: 7133: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7079: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7055:Adenocarcinoma 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7028: 7023: 7014: 7013: 6977: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6938:Adenocarcinoma 6929: 6927: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6882: 6877: 6871: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6857:Adenocarcinoma 6854: 6848: 6846: 6837: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6814: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6759:Stomach cancer 6750: 6739: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6704: 6693: 6682: 6667: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642:Classification 6635: 6634:External links 6632: 6629: 6628: 6579: 6530: 6523: 6501: 6474:(4): 268–273. 6451: 6393: 6363: 6337: 6311: 6285: 6260:(3): 299–304. 6240: 6204: 6137: 6121: 6110:on 14 May 2009 6091: 6042: 6035: 6015: 5986:(2): 188–196. 5966: 5925: 5907: 5899:Gastric Cancer 5890: 5869:(6): 816–824. 5846: 5819:(6): 797–808. 5803: 5742: 5715: 5669: 5620: 5566: 5547:(3): 511–524. 5531: 5480: 5461:(2): 359–369. 5445: 5394: 5335: 5304: 5245: 5204: 5155: 5104: 5055: 5028:(5): 503–507. 5012: 4994: 4975: 4957: 4938:(1): 143–156. 4922: 4879: 4830: 4811: 4804: 4786: 4741: 4708: 4681:(7): 530–532. 4665: 4622: 4565: 4538:(3): 400–407. 4522: 4499: 4470:(4): 941–950. 4450: 4421:(1): 269–278. 4415:Cancer Imaging 4401: 4376: 4347:(4): 222–229. 4327: 4283: 4262:(3): 156–166. 4256:Gastric Cancer 4242: 4221:(3): 555–560. 4201: 4180:(4): 331–348. 4160: 4109: 4044: 4015:(7): 508–517. 3995: 3969: 3943: 3914:(4): 539–546. 3894: 3855: 3824: 3805:(3): 155–162. 3789: 3782: 3764: 3737:(3): 199–211. 3721: 3690:(3): 354–362. 3667: 3646:(2): 381–390. 3626: 3564: 3513: 3490:(6): 675–686. 3470: 3416: 3365: 3316: 3297:(8): 727–729. 3281: 3231: 3202:(4): 565–573. 3182: 3151: 3122: 3092: 3045: 3000:Cancer Science 2986: 2943: 2900: 2865: 2839:(6): 358–365. 2816: 2767: 2749: 2725: 2698:(3): 423–434. 2681: 2655: 2648: 2624: 2613: 2593: 2586: 2566: 2559: 2539: 2510:(6): 394–424. 2490: 2483: 2462: 2412: 2371: 2309: 2302: 2282: 2271: 2262:Cancer biology 2251: 2221: 2192:(3): 229–263. 2169: 2141: 2113: 2037: 2002: 1938: 1909:(4): 837–857. 1882: 1824: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1739: 1736: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1620: 1617: 1595: 1592: 1584:MALT lymphomas 1580: 1577: 1569: 1566: 1521: 1518: 1481: 1478: 1443: 1440: 1415: 1412: 1371: 1368: 1351:is also used. 1337: 1336: 1297: 1291: 1281: 1278:5-fluorouracil 1263: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1154: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1126: 1085:adenocarcinoma 1070: 1069:Histopathology 1067: 994:clinical trial 978: 977: 970: 964: 949: 946: 942:biliary reflux 931:gastric cancer 899: 896: 890: 887: 824: 821: 779:processed meat 745: 742: 733: 730: 724: 721: 683: 680: 671: 668: 664:tropical sprue 625:vomiting blood 605:abdominal pain 551:adenocarcinoma 518: 515: 511:Eastern Europe 509:, followed by 310:gastric cancer 306:Stomach cancer 301: 300: 299:659,853 (2022) 297: 293: 292: 291:968,350 (2022) 289: 285: 284: 274: 268: 267: 253: 249: 248: 242: 238: 237: 228: 222: 221: 211: 205: 204: 193: 189: 188: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 152: 150:vomiting blood 147: 142: 136: 130: 129: 124: 119: 114: 112:abdominal pain 108: 103: 97: 91: 85: 84: 76: 70: 69: 57: 56: 48: 47: 46:Gastric cancer 44: 40: 39: 38:Stomach cancer 31: 26: 18:Stomach Cancer 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7683: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7605:Schizophrenia 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7375: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7208:Biliary tract 7205: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7150:Fibrolamellar 7148: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7007:Peutz–Jeghers 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6890:MALT lymphoma 6888: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6805: 6800: 6798: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6526: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6456: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6225: 6221: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6133: 6132: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6062:(2): 74–108. 6061: 6057: 6053: 6046: 6038: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5851: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5725:J Med Insight 5719: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5674: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5571: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5441: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4932:Radiographics 4926: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4850:(2): 89–104. 4849: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4826: 4821:, p. 786 4820: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4754: 4745: 4734: 4731:(2): 153–58. 4730: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4510: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254:(16): f6367. 3253: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2983: 2981: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2651: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2597: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2486: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2467: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2305: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2255: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2176: 2174: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1738:Other animals 1735: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1687: 176–400 1681: 129–175 1675: 103–128 1625: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1574: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1448: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1432:immunotherapy 1429: 1425: 1420: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1235:tumor markers 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1211: 1198: 1197:H&E stain 1194: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1177:H&E stain 1174: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1157:H&E stain 1151: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1104:and then the 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 958: 955: 954: 953: 945: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 925:In addition, 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 895: 886: 884: 880: 877: 876: 871: 867: 863: 858: 855: 851: 847: 845: 839: 837: 833: 830: 820: 818: 814: 809: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 750: 741: 739: 729: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 689: 679: 677: 667: 665: 661: 660:gastric ulcer 657: 656:stomach virus 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 556: 552: 548: 543: 536: 532: 528: 523: 514: 512: 508: 504: 503:refrigeration 500: 499:Western world 494: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 462: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 298: 294: 290: 286: 278: 275: 273: 269: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 247:, not smoking 246: 243: 239: 236: 232: 229: 227: 223: 220: 216: 212: 210: 206: 203: 199: 198: 194: 190: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 134: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 95: 92: 90: 86: 83: 80: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 62:stomach ulcer 58: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 7635:Tuberculosis 7546:Malnutrition 7390:Health topic 7382:epidemiology 7275: 7257: 7233: 7215: 7186: 7168: 7138: 7051: 7017: 6991:hyperplastic 6980: 6973:Colon/rectum 6866: 6777: 6752: 6741: 6730: 6706: 6695: 6684: 6669: 6654: 6596: 6592: 6582: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6514: 6504: 6471: 6468:Helicobacter 6467: 6463: 6417: 6413: 6384:. Retrieved 6375: 6366: 6354:. Retrieved 6340: 6328:. Retrieved 6314: 6302:. Retrieved 6288: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6231:. Retrieved 6219: 6207: 6154: 6150: 6140: 6129: 6124: 6112:. Retrieved 6108:the original 6103: 6094: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6026: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5919: 5910: 5897: 5893: 5866: 5862: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5762: 5758: 5745: 5728: 5724: 5718: 5685: 5681: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5586: 5582: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5411: 5407: 5397: 5370:10138/136201 5352: 5348: 5338: 5313: 5307: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5025: 5021: 5015: 4997: 4978: 4960: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4847: 4843: 4833: 4814: 4795: 4789: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4711: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4638:(1): 31–37. 4635: 4631: 4625: 4585:(1): 23716. 4582: 4578: 4568: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4513:. Retrieved 4502: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4392:. Retrieved 4388: 4379: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4064:(1): 15456. 4061: 4057: 4047: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3986:. Retrieved 3972: 3960:. Retrieved 3946: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3885:. Retrieved 3876: 3844:(1): 11–17. 3841: 3837: 3827: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3773: 3767: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3687: 3683: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3602:10216/143193 3584: 3581:Int J Cancer 3580: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3508:the original 3487: 3483: 3473: 3441:(1): 45–55. 3438: 3435:Int J Cancer 3434: 3385:(13): 2982. 3382: 3378: 3368: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3251: 3247: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3171:(21): 7084. 3168: 3164: 3154: 3142:. Retrieved 3113:. Retrieved 3104: 3095: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2970:. Retrieved 2963:the original 2958: 2946: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2856:. Retrieved 2849:the original 2836: 2832: 2819: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2741:the original 2728: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2672:. Retrieved 2658: 2634: 2627: 2603: 2596: 2576: 2569: 2549: 2542: 2507: 2503: 2493: 2474: 2432: 2428: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2339: 2335: 2292: 2285: 2261: 2254: 2242:. Retrieved 2233: 2224: 2189: 2185: 2160:. Retrieved 2156: 2132:. Retrieved 2128: 2079: 2075: 2028:. Retrieved 2019: 1970: 1967:Helicobacter 1966: 1906: 1902: 1874: 1815:. Retrieved 1806: 1763: 1756:carcinogenic 1753: 1741: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1708: 1704:liver cancer 1696: 1692: 1669: 77–102 1619:Epidemiology 1601: 1597: 1587: 1582: 1571: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1527: 1523: 1490:capecitabine 1483: 1480:Chemotherapy 1474: 1453: 1436:gene therapy 1424:chemotherapy 1421: 1417: 1404:healthy diet 1396:green onions 1375: 1373: 1362:of southern 1353: 1346: 1329:capecitabine 1304:metastasized 1299: 1293: 1283: 1265: 1251: 1246: 1243: 1216: 1110:Diffuse type 1082: 1056: 1030:A number of 1029: 1021: 1017:histological 998: 986:breathalyzer 979: 951: 939: 924: 901: 892: 889:Heavy metals 873: 859: 853: 852:(HDGC). The 843: 840: 826: 810: 799: 763:smoked foods 756: 735: 726: 708: 700: 696: 692: 686: 685: 673: 670:Risk factors 653: 590: 571: 563:asymptomatic 560: 495: 485: 466:chemotherapy 459: 453: 431:done during 405: 399: 394: 309: 305: 304: 257:chemotherapy 233:done during 209:Risk factors 195: 132: 93: 29: 7526:Hepatitis D 7521:Hepatitis C 7489:Chikungunya 7235:gallbladder 7188:hyperplasia 6732:MedlinePlus 5414:(9): 2857. 4895:(1): 3–22. 3988:24 February 3962:24 February 3336:: 293–320. 2674:19 February 1895:Parsonnet J 1749:Gastroscopy 1700:lung cancer 1663: 52–76 1657: 34–51 1651: 25–33 1645: 17–24 1639: 12–16 1534:trastuzumab 1532:inhibitor, 1506:mitomycin C 1502:doxorubicin 1408:antioxidant 1325:oxaliplatin 1270:lymph nodes 1256:gastrectomy 1036:hyperplasia 1013:pathologist 982:pilot study 976:malignancy. 961:fibre optic 802:antioxidant 759:fried foods 617:weight loss 588:can occur. 574:indigestion 445:South Korea 390:lymph nodes 350:weight loss 169:Usual onset 140:Weight loss 43:Other 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