800:, making them very flexible. But they are also extremely hygroscopic, which makes them susceptible to pitch fluctuation as a result of changing humidity. Exposure to moisture from the sweat of a musician's hands can cause plain (unwound) gut strings to fray and eventually break. This is not as much of a problem with wound gut strings, in which the gut core, being protected from contact with perspiration by the metal winding (and underlayer, if there is one), lasts a much longer time. Nonetheless, as such a gut string ages and continually responds to cyclic changes in temperature and humidity, the core becomes weak and brittle, and eventually breaks. Furthermore, all gut strings are vulnerable to going out of tune due to changes in
1259:. A newer set of strings will often be in a region on the stress vs. strain curve past the Young's modulus called the plastic region. In the plastic region, plastic deformation occursâdeformation the material cannot recover from. Thus, in the plastic region, the relationship is not linear (Young's modulus is no longer a constant). The elastic region is where elastic deformation is occurring, or deformation from where the string can recover. The linear (i.e. elastic) region is where musicians want to play their instrument.
398:) or pressing the exterior part of the winding until it is practically flat. This results in the flat, comfortable playing feel of flatwounds, along with less squeaking, with a brightness generally between roundwounds and flatwounds. The polishing process removes almost half of the winding wire's mass; thus, to compensate for it, manufacturers use winding wire of a heavier gauge. Because of the extra manufacturing process involved, they are normally more expensive than roundwounds, but less than flatwounds.
468:
417:
fingers, and it improves tone due to closer bond between the core and the winding. The drawback that hex wound strings strings used to have was that relatively sharp hexagonal corners are less comfortable for fingers and wear down the fingerboard and fret wire even faster than regular round wound strings, but that drawback has been addressed by having the corners slightly rounded to make them more comfortable on the fingers and to protect the fingerboard and frets from scratches.
537:
1080:
the lack of corrosion resistance. To help solve the corrosion problem strings are either metal plated or polymer coated. The polymer coating is claimed to reduce finger squeak and fret wear, and has better tuning capability. Some companies sell lubricating oils that slow down the oxidation process, increasing the string's life-span. These special lubricating oils are applied to the strings as a barrier to the air, to help slow the oxidation process.
288:
378:
353:
640:
43:
402:
1117:
strings. Heating the strings can expand these particles and separate them from the windings. Some players use deionized water to boil strings, believing that mineral deposits in tap water may aid corrosion of the string core. After boiling, strings may have less elasticity and be more brittle, depending on the quality of the alloys involved. Putting the strings through a cycle in the dishwasher has also been known to work.
626:
example, a 14 1/2 PM gauge string has is .725 mm in diameter. Pirazzi (now known as
Pirastro) continues to sell its Oliv, Eudoxa, and Passione brand premium gut core strings by PM gauge. Each string is available in 5 or more discrete gauges. Manufacturers of traditional plain gut strings, often used in historically informed performance, sell their products by light/medium/heavy, by PM, by mm or some combination.
1108:. On the microscopic level Teflon has very tightly packed polymeric chains, and these tightly packed chains create a slippery surface that not only helps keep the oil from the player's hands off the strings but makes them smooth to play as well. Ethylene tetrafluorothylene (ETFE) is another polymer that is sometimes used to coat strings. It is abrasion and cut resistant and has many characteristics similar to Teflon.
140:
1047:
258:(the part of the instrument that turns to tighten or loosen string tension) is usually plain. Depending on the instrument, the string's other, fixed end may have either a plain, loop, or ball end (a short brass cylinder) that attaches the string at the end opposite the tuning mechanism. When a ball or loop is used with a
1196:. The string is connected to this similar sound wave through the air, which picks up the vibrations of the sound waves at the same frequency, and in turn causes the string to vibrate on its own. When an outside source applies forced vibration that matches a string's natural frequency, the string vibrates.
1039:
732:
evolved through innovations with the piano. In fact, the first wound metal strings ever used were used in a piano. However, when it came to getting super small diameter strings with good elastic properties, the electric guitar took the metal string to the next level adapting it for the use of pickups.
366:
Flatwound strings are strings that have either a round or hex core, and have winding wire that has a rounded square cross-section that has a shallower profile (in cross-section) when tightly wound. This makes for more comfortable playing, and decreased wear for frets and fretboards (this makes them a
1079:
reacts with the iron in the steel and it creates rust. As a result, the string loses its brilliance over time. Water, another by-product of oxidation, increases the potential for acid corrosion in oils. Wound strings, such as bronze acoustic strings, are very difficult to keep fresh sounding due to
374:. Flatwounds also are more expensive than roundwounds because of less demand, less production, and higher overhead costs. Manufacturing is also more difficult, as precise alignment of the flat sides of the winding must be maintained (some rotation of the winding on roundwound strings is acceptable).
226:
today, due to its unique sound. The invention of wound strings (particularly steel) was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a plain gut string of similar thickness. This enabled stringed instruments to be made with thinner bass
1000:
80/20 bronze strings are 80 percent copper and 20 percent zinc. The zinc also gives it a brighter tone, additional hardness and slows down the aging process. With additional string coating, they are preserved even more. Although, If some of the coating is applied poorly, the strings can lose their
416:
Hex wound strings are basically hexagon shaped versions of round wound strings in which they have a hex core with a round winding that is wrapped in the shape of a hexagon. This winding process solves the second problem: it secures the winding around the core so it cannot rotate and slip under the
1254:
Tuning a stringed instrument such as a guitar to pitch puts the strings under a large amount of strain, which indicates the amount of stress inside the string. Stress is relative to the stretch or elongation of the strings. As the string is tuned to a higher pitch, it gets longer and thinner. The
1245:
For a typical high-E nylon string, the maximum transverse force is roughly 40 times greater than the maximum longitudinal force amplitude. However, the longitudinal force increases with the square of the pulse amplitude, so the differences diminish with increasing amplitude. The elastic (Young's)
625:
On the other hand, modern gut core strings with metal winding, typically have been sold either ungauged for less expensive brands, or by specific gauge. The Gustav
Pirazzi company in Germany introduced the Pirazzi meter (PM) measurement early in the 20th century. One PM equals .05 mm. For
731:
Steel or metal strings have become the foundation of strings for the electric guitar and bass. They have a pleasingly bright tone when compared to nylon strung guitars. Their metal composition varies greatly, sometimes using many different alloys as plating. Much of the history of metal strings
1116:
Some musicians boil guitar or bass strings to rejuvenate them. The high temperature of the boiling water helps free the strings of oil, salt, and grime from the player's hands. When a string is played, very small metal shavings from fret wear may break off and lodge between the windings of the
622:). These tension levels are not standardized between manufacturers, and do not correlate to specific diameters. One brand's medium strings may have quite a different tension from another brand's medium. Based on available historical records, gut strings were sold before 1900 in a similar way.
302:
are the simplest and most basic wound strings, they have round wire wrapped in a tight spiral around either a round or hexagonal core. Such strings are usually simple to manufacture, are the least expensive, and are convenient. Despite these advantages, they have several drawbacks, however:
933:. Classical guitar strings are typically nylon, with the basses being wound with either silver or bronze. Electric guitar strings are usually wound with nickel-plated steel; pure nickel and stainless steel are also used. Bass guitar strings are most commonly wound with
437:
core wire and a tight (usually round) winding. Hexcore string design prevents the winding from slipping around the core â which can occur with round core strings. This may improve tuning stability, flexibility, and reduce string breakage, compared to round core strings.
393:
Halfround (also referred to as halfwound, ground wound, or pressure wound strings) are string that are cross between roundwound and flatwound. Such strings are usually made by winding round wire around a round or hex core first, then polishing, grinding (thus the name,
1074:
in the player's skin produces oils that can be acidic. The oils, salts, and moisture from the player's fingers are the largest source of corrosion. The composition of the oil and the oxygen in the air also helps to oxidize and corrode the strings. In steel strings the
735:
Because of the higher tension of steel strings, steel-strung guitars are more robustly made than 'classical' guitars, which use synthetic strings. Most jazz and folk string players prefer steel-core strings for their faster response, low cost, and tuning stability.
972:" appearance. This practice improves the acoustic performance of heavier gauge gut strings by adding mass and making the string thinner for its tension. Specimens of such open wound strings are known from the early 18th century, in a collection of artifacts from
752:
performs on a nylon strung guitar). Nylon strings are made of a softer, less dense material and are under less tension than steel strings (about 50% less). This means they can be used on older guitars that can't support the tension of modern steel strings.
190:
There are two main kinds of strings; plain and wound. "Plain" strings are simply one piece of long cylindrical material, commonly consisted of nylon or gut. "Wound" strings have a central core, with other material being tightly wound around the string .
1203:. For example, in a setup with an acoustic guitar and a PA system, the speaker vibrates at the same natural frequency of a string on the guitar and can force it into vibrational motion. Audio feedback is often seen as an undesirable phenomenon with an
905:
are still produced, while some silver-wound silk strings are still available for classical guitars and ukuleles. The quality in ancient times was high enough that one brand was praised as 'ice strings' for their smoothness and translucent appearance.
991:
in the early 1970s. Phosphor bronze is said to keep its "new" sound longer than other strings. Small amounts of phosphorus and zinc are added to the bronze mixture. This makes the phosphor bronze slightly more corrosion resistant than 80/20 bronze.
367:
popular choice for fretless instruments). Squeaking sounds due to fingers sliding along the strings are also decreased significantly. Flatwound strings also have a longer playable life because of smaller grooves for dirt and oil to build up in.
815:
For players of plucked instruments, Nylgut strings are a recently developed alternative to gut strings. They are made from a specialty nylon and purport to offer the same acoustic properties as gut strings without the tuning problems.
446:
Round core strings are composed of regular round core and a tight (usually round) winding. Round core is the traditional "vintage" way of manufacturing and results in a greater contact between the winding and the core of the string.
483:âthe diameter of the string. The tone of a string depends partly on weight, and, therefore, on its diameterâits gauge. Usually, string manufacturers that do not describe strings by tension list string diameter in thousandths of an
864:
than nylon, so that a nylon string can be replaced by a carbon string of smaller diameter. This improves the precision of higher fretted notes, and the resulting vibrational behaviour leads to a more brilliant sound with improved
307:
Roundwound strings have a bumpy surface profile (the bumps of the winding) that produce friction on the player's fingertips. This causes squeaking sounds when the player's fingers slide over the strings, especially when used on
1255:
instrument can go out of tune because if it has been stretched past its elastic limit, it will not recover its original tension. On a stress vs. strain curve, there is a linear region where stress and strain are related called
597:
Since the 20th century, with the advent of steel and synthetic core strings, most bowed instrument string makers market their strings by tension rather than by diameter. They typically make string sets in three tension levels:
458:
Octagonal Core
Strings (made by Mapes) have an Octagonal Core w/ a tight Round winding. The Octagonal Core String design combines the Flexibility of a Round Core string w/ the Tuning Stability of a Hex Core string all in 1.
1029:
Some acoustic players use strings, wound with nickel-plated-steel, meant for electric guitar. The properties of the nickel-plated strings make it a good choice for flattop guitars with sound hole-mounted magnetic pickups.
278:
systems. Strings for some instruments may be wrapped with silk at the ends to protect the string. The color and pattern of the silk often identify attributes of the string, such as manufacturer, size, intended pitch, etc.
499:") to maintain playing ease or keep the strings from buzzing against the frets. The action height of fretless instruments is also adjusted to suit the string gauge or material, as well as the intended playing style.
793:, though cats were never used as a source for this material) is one of the first materials used to make musical strings. In fact, the Ancient Greek word for string, "khordá¸," has "gut" as its original meaning.
811:
movement use wound and unwound gut strings as part of an effort to recreate the sound of music of the
Classical, Baroque, and Renaissance periods, as listeners would have heard it at the time of composition.
584:
Bass guitar strings are sometimes made for a particular scale length and come in short, medium, long and extra long (sometimes called super long) scale. Almost all bass guitar strings are made wound. Typical
511:
usually come in sets of matched strings. Sets are usually referenced either by the gauge of the first string (e.g., 9), or by pair of first and last (e.g., 9â42); measurements in thousands of an inch are the
384:
Modern bowed strings are plain (typically the higher-pitched, thinner strings) or flatwound, to allow smooth playing and reduce bow hair breakage. There is a niche market for roundwound fiddle strings.
1348:
807:
However, even after the introduction of metal and synthetic core materials, many musicians still prefer to use gut strings, believing that they provide a superior tone. Players associated with the
487:(0.001 in = 0.0254 mm). The larger the diameter, the heavier the string. Heavier strings require more tension for the same pitch and are, as a consequence, harder to press down to the
234:), this enabled instrument makers to use thinner strings for the lowest-pitched strings, which made the lower-pitch strings easier to play. On stringed instruments in which the player presses a
1173:, etc. Due to the physical nature of the strings, however, the higher up the overtones go, the more out of tune (or "false") they are to the fundamental. This is an important consideration for
479:
Bowed instrument strings, such as for the violin or cello, are usually described by tension rather than gauge. Fretted instruments (guitar, banjo, etc.) strings are usually described by
1167:), the overtones for an ideal string tuned to that pitch are 880 Hz, 1320 Hz, 1760 Hz, 2200 Hz, etc. The note names for those pitches would be A, A, E, A, C
1001:
tone in just a matter of hours, and if left in high humidity can turn a hint of green because of the copper and corrode with time. The name "80/20 bronze" is a misnomer since
1246:
modulus for steel is about 40 times greater than for nylon, and string tensions are about 50% greater, so the longitude and transverse force amplitudes are nearly equal.
1159:
of the string. Above that frequency, overtones (or harmonics) are heard, each one getting quieter the higher it is. For example, if the fundamental pitch is 440 Hz (
925:
are common windings for bowed instruments like violin and viola, whereas acoustic guitar strings are usually wound with bronze and piano strings are usually wound with
767:
Currently, stranded nylon is one of the most popular materials for the cores of violin, viola, cello, and double bass strings. It is often sold under the trade name of
576:
are typically strung with a heavier gauge than electric guitars. The need for projection due to lack of amplification is one of the main reasons for this.
1968:
703:
forms the core of most metal strings. Certain keyboard instruments (e.g., harpsichord) and the Gaelic harp use brass. Other natural materials, such as
2306:
1135:
A string vibrates in a complex harmonic pattern. Every time the player sets a string in motion, a specific set of frequencies resonate based on the
1899:
748:, has a more mellow tone, and the responsiveness of it can be enjoyed typically for folk but other styles of music use it as well (for example,
1873:
350:
When the core is round, the winding is less secure and may rotate freely around the core, especially if the winding is damaged after use.
242:, this enabled piano builders to use shorter, thicker strings to produce the lowest-pitched bass notes, enabling the building of smaller
1890:
2118:
1937:
1904:
1846:
1616:
898:
1829:
1104:
is the most commonly used. Teflon is resistant to many corrosive agents such as: chlorine, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and
107:
79:
520:
are used in a country. Some manufacturers may have slightly different gauge sequences; the sample data below comes from
1816:
2093:
1510:
1268:
965:
957:
are used for some instruments. Silver and gold are more expensive and are used for their resistance to corrosion and
808:
687:
126:
669:
370:
On the other hand, flatwound strings sound less bright than roundwounds and tend to be harder to bend, thus produce
86:
266:
of the guitar. When a ball or loop is used with a violin-family instrument, this keeps the string end fixed in the
661:
60:
17:
495:
that is restrung with different string gauges may require adjustment to the string height above the frets (the "
665:
64:
93:
1930:
2301:
1771:
1088:
Some common types of metal plating on strings include tin, nickel, gold, and silver. Some metals such as
988:
521:
75:
1298:
179:, with looser strings producing lower pitches, and tighter strings producing higher pitches. However, a
1964:
1684:
886:
2072:
976:. "Silk and steel" guitar strings are overwound steel strings with silk filaments under the winding.
828:
757:
548:
175:
so that they can vibrate freely, but with control. This is to make the string vibrate at the desired
873:
who feel that a nylon G string sounds too dull can use strings that include a carbon G string.
1923:
1870:
1706:
1515:
1373:
772:
650:
1481:
827:
strings are available for classical guitar, harp, and ukulele. This is the same material used for
2083:
2031:
1136:
723:, is hardened and tempered.) Some violin E strings are gold-plated to improve tone quality.
654:
53:
1596:"Through Qin strings, inquiring about the guqin's past, present, and future path of development"
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1637:
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until replaced by metal and nylon strings in the 1950s. Only purely silk strings used for the
2056:
2027:
1887:
1185:
1140:
1559:
1188:, a string seems to vibrate by itself. This happens when sound waves strike the string at a
882:
275:
144:
1915:
1457:
100:
8:
2275:
2098:
1985:
1278:
1152:
172:
2061:
1256:
1231:
1181:
the tuning across the piano to keep overtones more in tune as they go up the keyboard.
1126:
973:
156:
1882:
1535:
1394:
764:
strings that can interact with the magnetic field of the pickups to produce a signal.
371:
222:
strings became more favored in string making. Although catgut is still prized by many
2044:
1955:
1909:
1825:
1662:
1595:
1415:
1216:
1105:
929:. To resist corrosion from sweat, aluminium may be used as a resistant alloy such as
329:
160:
1794:
2163:
2108:
2088:
1323:
1273:
1224:
1220:
1178:
1160:
1130:
870:
313:
235:
183:
produces very little sound in of itself. Therefore, most string instruments have a
180:
1436:
1223:
purposely create feedback by holding an electric guitar close to a powerful, loud
1046:
2113:
2039:
1894:
1877:
1227:
1212:
1204:
1071:
984:
934:
745:
573:
472:
317:
309:
2151:
2078:
2002:
1641:
1200:
958:
517:
496:
274:
strings have a larger cylinder for more stable tuning on guitars equipped with
263:
184:
31:
1416:"Handmade Guitar Strings: What's the difference? | Stringjoy Handmade Strings"
2295:
2260:
2198:
2103:
2007:
1749:
1506:
1156:
824:
749:
467:
325:
271:
243:
176:
425:
There are 3 types, or shapes, of core wire typically used in wound strings.
2280:
1235:
1174:
922:
843:
837:
255:
195:
1520:
2255:
2213:
2168:
2133:
2017:
1997:
1980:
1070:
in their winding. These two metals are very vulnerable to corrosion. The
1038:
969:
930:
586:
572:
String gauge is subject to the personal preferences of the musician, but
488:
340:
231:
536:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2012:
1990:
1951:
720:
333:
211:
1824:. Stanford, CA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. pp. 20â21.
2235:
2173:
2128:
2066:
1727:
1239:
1208:
1189:
1059:
1055:
866:
797:
784:
388:
321:
287:
267:
230:
On string instruments that the player plucks or bows directly (e.g.,
168:
639:
377:
352:
42:
2250:
2203:
2146:
2035:
1795:"What really makes your guitar or bass sound they way YOU like it?"
1193:
1164:
954:
914:
401:
223:
1912:â technical information on string tension, with tension calculator
2270:
2245:
2228:
2223:
2156:
2141:
1900:
Guitar
Strings From The Nineteenth Century To The Advent Of Nylon
1144:
1097:
1096:
give the strings a different sound. Among strings coated with a
861:
761:
434:
1234:
turned up loud, creating unique high-pitched, sustained sounds.
1017:. "80/20 bronze" strings would be more correctly referred to as
787:, or gut, of sheep, cattle, and other animals (sometimes called
719:
are also used for string cores. (Steel used for strings, called
2240:
2218:
2208:
2178:
1148:
1101:
1093:
1076:
1067:
1010:
1002:
950:
942:
938:
926:
918:
849:
789:
716:
708:
524:
string charts for regular, round-wound, nickel-plated strings.
508:
339:
Roundwound strings' higher friction surface profile may hasten
259:
207:
203:
199:
139:
2265:
1063:
1018:
1006:
902:
712:
700:
239:
219:
215:
164:
1905:
String
Calculation; String Measurement; Mass Per Unit Length
744:
Nylon (typically 610 or 612) string, traditionally used for
210:, a type of cord made from refined natural fibers of animal
2022:
1945:
1685:"What is The Guitar String Tone Curve Doing To Your Sound?"
1089:
946:
835:. These strings are usually traded under descriptions like
832:
704:
492:
484:
344:
1349:"HE HISTORY, EVOLUTION, AND MAINTENANCE OF VIOLIN STRINGS"
819:
1014:
1299:"00.05.05: The Science of Sound and Musical Instruments"
1211:, because it causes a loud howling sound. However, with
1155:
of the string. This is the frequency we identify as the
238:, causing a mechanism to strike the strings, such as a
1192:
close to the string's fundamental pitch or one of its
254:
The end of the string that mounts to the instrument's
1617:"The Unspoken Mystery Behind Acoustic Guitar Strings"
1111:
1536:"50 Easy Guitar Tabs For Beginners and Instructors"
1482:"Should I choose a nylon or a steel string guitar?"
324:. (Some artists use this sound creatively, such as
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1871:Videos explaining differences among guitar strings
1033:
389:Halfround, halfwound, ground wound, pressure wound
262:, this ensures that the string stays fixed in the
475:wound around steel) with a ball end, 0.044" gauge
2293:
1242:were notable users of electric guitar feedback.
771:. Nylon guitar strings were first developed by
347:wear, compared with smoother flatwound strings.
336:down the lower-pitched strings for an effect.)
1931:
246:designed for small rooms and practice rooms.
1505:
1062:. Wound strings commonly use metals such as
214:. During the mid-twentieth century however,
27:Sound producing musical instrument component
1143:is the lowest, and it is determined by the
668:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1938:
1924:
1888:Vibrations of strings with both ends fixed
1321:
968:strings use an open metal winding with a "
796:Animal intestines are composed largely of
1707:"Looking Forward to Lubricant Oxidation?"
688:Learn how and when to remove this message
198:, strings of many instruments (including
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2307:Musical instrument parts and accessories
1045:
1037:
466:
138:
1883:Identify strings by their silk patterns
1814:
1576:US patent application US20070084329 A1.
1346:
899:traditional Chinese musical instruments
897:Silk was extensively used in China for
206:) were composed of a material known as
14:
2294:
1533:
1083:
1024:
589:strings come in the following gauges:
249:
1919:
1560:"Pyramid maximum performance strings"
1249:
1054:All metal strings are susceptible to
853:, which is scientifically incorrect.
909:
666:adding citations to reliable sources
633:
531:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1434:
1120:
24:
1792:
1682:
1660:
979:
567:
527:
400:
376:
351:
286:
25:
2318:
1864:
1844:
1818:The Science of String Instruments
1704:
1269:Violin construction and mechanics
1112:Boiling strings (guitar and bass)
876:
831:, and a typical chemical used is
629:
453:
1395:"Other notes: Bass string types"
638:
592:
535:
516:standard, regardless of whether
471:A wound acoustic guitar string (
433:Hexcore strings are composed of
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30:For the orchestral section, see
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1808:
1786:
1764:
1742:
1720:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1630:
1609:
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1579:
1570:
1552:
1527:
1499:
1034:String corrosion and prevention
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756:Nylon strings do not work with
52:needs additional citations for
1474:
1450:
1428:
1408:
1387:
1366:
1340:
1315:
1291:
579:
13:
1:
1663:"Guitar and Bass Strings FAQ"
1437:"The Guide to Guitar Strings"
1284:
820:Fluoropolymers (aka "Carbon")
507:Steel strings for six-string
441:
420:
294:
1100:, (polytetrafluoroethylene)
411:
361:
7:
1585:US patent no. US 5900314 A.
1262:
10:
2323:
1353:University of North Dakota
1303:teachersinstitute.yale.edu
1124:
887:polybutylene terephthalate
881:Other polymers, including
829:monofilament fishing lines
428:
29:
2127:
2073:Music On A Long Thin Wire
1976:
1962:
1847:"Engineer and the Guitar"
1774:. www.professorstring.com
1598:. Silkqin.com. 1999-08-15
1534:Lozano, Ed (2023-02-17).
1347:PecotiÄ, Iva (May 2023).
1322:Sweetwater (2009-12-10).
1207:that is plugged into the
1042:An uncoated guitar string
502:
171:. Strings are held under
1969:HornbostelâSachs numbers
1815:Rossing, Thomas (2010).
1772:"Boiling Guitar Strings"
1516:Albert Augustine Strings
1458:"Steel strings 101"
1374:"Bassist FAQ on strings"
773:Albert Augustine Strings
739:
726:
462:
332:electric guitarists who
157:long flexible structures
1184:In a phenomenon called
966:"historically-informed"
892:
889:, have also been used.
711:âor synthetics such as
143:Flatwound strings on a
2050:Long-string instrument
1376:. Houston Bass Lessons
1051:
1050:A coated guitar string
1043:
860:material has a higher
778:
476:
405:
381:
356:
291:
187:to amplify the sound.
148:
1845:Agile, Technologies.
1619:. Professorstring.com
1462:www.premierguitar.com
1215:, some guitarists in
1186:sympathetic vibration
1141:fundamental frequency
1049:
1041:
470:
404:
380:
355:
290:
142:
1397:. Joeysbassnotes.com
1199:Resonance can cause
1005:is by definition an
883:polyetheretherketone
871:classical guitarists
662:improve this section
320:amplified through a
276:synchronized tremolo
145:fretless bass guitar
61:improve this article
1793:String, Professor.
1683:String, Professor.
1661:String, Professor.
1511:"From gut to nylon"
1324:"Wound or Unwound?"
1279:Harmonic oscillator
1084:Coating and plating
1025:Nickel-plated steel
250:String construction
76:"String" music
2302:String instruments
2057:Melde's experiment
1893:2005-12-19 at the
1876:2013-09-16 at the
1540:Revo Guitar Straps
1250:Tensile properties
1052:
1044:
987:was introduced by
974:Antonio Stradivari
809:period performance
547:. You can help by
493:fretted instrument
477:
406:
382:
357:
300:Roundwound strings
292:
161:string instruments
149:
2289:
2288:
2045:Longitudinal wave
1831:978-1-4419-7109-8
1752:. Fluorotherm.com
1750:"ETFE Properties"
1217:heavy metal music
1106:hydrochloric acid
959:hypoallergenicity
910:Winding materials
869:. In particular,
698:
697:
690:
565:
564:
330:heavy metal music
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2314:
2109:String vibration
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1519:. Archived from
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1295:
1274:Electronic tuner
1225:guitar amplifier
1221:psychedelic rock
1172:
1171:
1131:Vibrating string
1121:String vibration
760:, which require
758:magnetic pickups
693:
686:
682:
679:
673:
642:
634:
574:acoustic guitars
560:
557:
539:
532:
314:guitar amplifier
256:tuning mechanism
181:vibrating string
132:
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69:
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21:
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2292:
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2290:
2285:
2194:Japanese fiddle
2132:
2123:
2114:Transverse wave
2062:Mersenne's laws
2040:String harmonic
1972:
1958:
1944:
1895:Wayback Machine
1878:Wayback Machine
1867:
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1486:FirstGuitar.com
1480:
1479:
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1451:
1442:
1440:
1439:. Open D Tuning
1433:
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1292:
1287:
1265:
1257:Young's modulus
1252:
1228:speaker cabinet
1213:electric guitar
1205:acoustic guitar
1169:
1168:
1137:harmonic series
1133:
1127:Mersenne's laws
1125:Main articles:
1123:
1114:
1086:
1072:sebaceous gland
1036:
1027:
998:
985:Phosphor bronze
982:
980:Phosphor bronze
935:stainless steel
912:
895:
879:
822:
781:
746:classical music
742:
729:
694:
683:
677:
674:
659:
643:
632:
595:
582:
570:
568:Acoustic guitar
561:
555:
552:
545:needs expansion
530:
528:Electric guitar
505:
473:phosphor bronze
465:
456:
450:
444:
431:
423:
414:
408:
391:
364:
334:scrape the pick
318:acoustic guitar
310:electric guitar
297:
285:
252:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Strings (music)
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2152:Bladder fiddle
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2015:
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2005:
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1983:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1943:
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1935:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:String Tension
1907:
1902:
1897:
1885:
1880:
1866:
1865:External links
1863:
1860:
1859:
1837:
1830:
1807:
1785:
1763:
1741:
1719:
1697:
1675:
1653:
1642:Elixir Strings
1629:
1608:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1564:Pyramid-Saiten
1551:
1526:
1523:on 2009-08-03.
1498:
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1201:audio feedback
1122:
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997:
994:
981:
978:
911:
908:
894:
891:
878:
877:Other polymers
875:
856:The so-called
821:
818:
780:
777:
741:
738:
728:
725:
696:
695:
678:September 2007
646:
644:
637:
631:
630:Core materials
628:
594:
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563:
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529:
526:
518:Imperial units
504:
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454:Octagonal Core
452:
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244:upright pianos
185:sounding board
135:
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49:
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40:
32:String section
26:
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2:
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2261:Tromba marina
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2104:Standing wave
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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1996:
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1705:Toyer, Drew.
1701:
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1197:
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1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1177:, who try to
1176:
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1128:
1118:
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830:
826:
825:Fluoropolymer
817:
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799:
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786:
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770:
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763:
759:
754:
751:
750:Willie Nelson
747:
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718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
692:
689:
681:
671:
667:
663:
657:
656:
652:
647:This section
645:
641:
636:
635:
627:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:Bowed strings
590:
588:
577:
575:
559:
550:
546:
543:This section
541:
538:
534:
533:
525:
523:
519:
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510:
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474:
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386:
379:
375:
373:
368:
354:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
326:hardcore punk
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
305:
304:
301:
289:
283:Winding types
280:
277:
273:
272:Fender Bullet
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:that produce
162:
158:
154:
146:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2281:Washtub bass
2134:musical bows
2094:Scale length
2071:
1991:Third bridge
1947:
1850:. Retrieved
1840:
1817:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1656:
1645:. Retrieved
1632:
1621:. Retrieved
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1572:
1566:(in German).
1563:
1554:
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1529:
1521:the original
1514:
1507:Mairants, I.
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1441:. Retrieved
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1389:
1378:. Retrieved
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1317:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
1293:
1253:
1244:
1236:Jimi Hendrix
1198:
1183:
1175:piano tuners
1134:
1115:
1087:
1053:
1028:
999:
996:80/20 bronze
983:
963:
923:chrome steel
913:
896:
880:
857:
855:
848:
844:carbon fiber
842:
838:fluorocarbon
836:
823:
814:
806:
801:
795:
788:
782:
768:
766:
755:
743:
734:
730:
699:
684:
675:
660:Please help
648:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:
583:
571:
553:
549:adding to it
544:
513:
506:
480:
478:
457:
449:
445:
432:
424:
415:
407:
396:ground wound
395:
392:
383:
369:
365:
299:
298:
253:
229:
196:World War II
193:
189:
152:
150:
123:
117:January 2019
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2256:Psalmodicon
2169:Diddley bow
2028:Fundamental
2018:Fingerboard
1998:Chordophone
1956:instruments
1852:12 December
1800:12 December
1756:12 December
1734:12 December
1712:12 December
1668:12 December
1491:12 December
1358:January 10,
1230:, with the
970:barber pole
931:hydronalium
802:atmospheric
587:bass guitar
580:Bass guitar
489:fingerboard
341:fingerboard
316:or with an
232:double bass
2296:Categories
2189:Ichigenkin
2184:Ground bow
2129:Monochords
2119:Tuning peg
2099:Soundboard
2013:Enharmonic
1778:28 January
1730:. Lenntech
1690:28 January
1647:2017-05-27
1623:2017-05-27
1602:2017-05-27
1545:2023-02-20
1467:2016-08-13
1443:2017-05-27
1421:2016-08-13
1401:2017-05-27
1380:2017-05-27
1333:2024-01-04
1308:2024-06-18
1285:References
1232:distortion
804:humidity.
798:elastomers
721:music wire
442:Round core
421:Core types
295:Roundwound
212:intestines
151:In music,
87:newspapers
2236:Langeleik
2174:Duxianqin
2067:Monochord
2036:Overtones
2032:Harmonics
1435:TuneMan.
1240:Brian May
1209:PA system
1194:overtones
1190:frequency
1060:corrosion
1056:oxidation
989:D'Addario
867:harmonics
785:intestine
775:in 1947.
649:does not
522:D'Addario
435:hexagonal
412:Hex wound
362:Flatwound
322:PA system
268:tailpiece
227:strings.
224:musicians
194:Prior to
169:vibration
2251:Onavillu
2204:Genggong
2199:Jaw harp
2147:Berimbau
2089:Re-entry
1946:Musical
1891:Archived
1874:Archived
1728:"Teflon"
1509:(1980).
1263:See also
1170:♯
1165:middle C
955:tungsten
915:Aluminum
610:(German
556:May 2024
514:de facto
236:keyboard
167:through
2271:Umuduri
2246:Masenqo
2229:Mukkuri
2224:Morsing
2164:ÄĂ n bầu
2157:Boom-ba
2142:Ahardin
1948:strings
1179:stretch
1153:tension
1145:density
1098:polymer
862:density
762:ferrous
670:removed
655:sources
429:Hexcore
372:vibrato
312:with a
204:guitars
200:violins
173:tension
153:strings
101:scholar
2276:Unitar
2241:Lesiba
2219:Kubing
2214:Khomuz
2209:Gogona
2179:Ektara
2003:Course
1986:Bridge
1954:, and
1828:
1638:"FAQs"
1328:inSync
1163:above
1149:length
1139:. The
1102:Teflon
1094:silver
1077:oxygen
1068:bronze
1011:copper
1003:bronze
953:, and
951:silver
943:Copper
939:nickel
927:copper
921:, and
919:silver
858:Carbon
850:carbon
790:catgut
769:Perlon
717:kevlar
618:, and
616:mittel
606:, and
604:medium
509:guitar
503:Guitar
497:action
264:bridge
260:guitar
208:catgut
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2266:Tumbi
2008:Drone
1952:wires
1822:(PDF)
1157:pitch
1064:brass
1019:brass
1007:alloy
964:Some
903:guqin
847:, or
740:Nylon
727:Steel
713:nylon
701:Steel
620:weich
612:stark
608:light
600:heavy
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1013:and
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885:and
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783:The
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653:any
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2084:Nut
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937:or
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