2406:. In May 1741 Juwana was captured by the Chinese. The Javanese at first sided with the Dutch and reinforced Demak on 10 June 1741. Two days later, a detachment of Javanese forces together with the VOC forces of Europeans, Balinese and Buginese in Semarang to defend Tugu, west of Semarang. The Chinese rebel lured them into their main forces's position in Mount Bergota through narrow road and ambushed them. The allied forces were dispersed and ran as fast as they could back to Semarang. The Chinese pursued them but were repulsed by Dutch cannons in the fortress. Semarang was seized by panic. By July 1741, the Chinese occupied Kaligawe, south of Semarang, Rembang, and besieged Jepara. This is the most dangerous time for the VOC. Military superiority would enable the VOC to hold Semarang without any support from Mataram forces, but it would mean nothing since a turbulent interior would disrupt trade and therefore profit, the VOC's main objective. One VOC high official, Abraham Roos, suggested that the VOC assumed royal function in Java by denying Pakubuwana II's "legitimacy" and asking the regents to take an oath of loyalty to the VOC's sovereignty. This was turned down by the Council of Indies (Raad van Indie) in Batavia, since even if the VOC managed to conquer the coast, it would not be strong enough to conquer the mountainous interior of Java, which do not provide much level plain required by Western method of warfare. Therefore, the Dutch East India Company must support its superior but inadequate military by picking the right allies. One such ally had presented itself, that is Cakraningkrat IV of Madura who could be relied on to hold the eastern coast against the Chinese, but the interior of Eastern and Central Java was beyond the reach of this quarrelsome prince. Therefore, the VOC had no choice but to side with Pakubuwana II.
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help of
Balinese mercenaries in 1717. Pakubuwana I's tributes to the VOC secured him a power which was feared by his subjects in Central Java, but this is for the first time since 1646 that Mataram was ruled by a king without any eastern connection. Surabaya had no reason to submit any more and thirst for vengeance made the brother regents openly contest Mataram's power in Eastern Java. Cakraningkrat III who ruled Madura after ousting the VOC's loyal ally Cakraningrat II, had every reason to side with his cousins this time. The VOC managed to capture Surabaya after a bloody war in 1718 and Madura was pacified when Cakraningrat III was killed in a fight on board of the VOC's ship in Surabaya in the same year though the Balinese mercenaries plundered eastern Madura and was repulsed by the VOC in the same year. However, similar to the situation after Trunajaya's uprising in 1675, the interior regencies in East Java (Ponorogo, Madiun, Magetan, Jogorogo) joined the rebellion en masse. Pakubuwana I sent his son, Pangeran Dipanagara (not to be confused with another prince with the same title who fought the Dutch in 1825–1830) to suppress the rebellion in the eastern interior but instead Dipanagara joined the rebel and assumed the messianic title of Panembahan Herucakra.
2309:, dragged on for five years before the Dutch managed to install Pakubuwana. In August 1705, Pakubuwono I's retainers and VOC forces captured Kartasura without resistance from Amangkurat III, whose forces cowardly turned back when the enemy reached Ungaran. Surapati's forces in Bangil, near Pasuruan, was crushed by the alliance of the VOC, Kartasura and Madura in 1706. Jangrana II, who tended to side with Amangkurat III and did not venture any assistance to the capture of Bangil, was called to present himself before Pakubuwana I and murdered there by the VOC's request in the same year. Amangkurat III ran away to Malang with Surapati's descendants and his remnant forces but Malang was then a no-man's-land who offered no glory fit for a king. Therefore, though allied operations to the eastern interior of Java in 1706–08 did not gain much success in military terms, the fallen king surrendered in 1708 after being lured with the promises of household (lungguh) and land, but he was banished to Ceylon along with his wives and children. This is the end of Surabayan faction in Mataram, and – as we shall see later – this situation would ignite the political time bomb planted by Sultan Agung with his capture of Surabaya in 1625.
2460:, Pakuwana II's brother, who would later establish the royal house of Yogyakarta took the challenge and defeated Mas Said in 1746. But when he claimed his prize, his old enemy, patih Pringgalaya, advised the king against it. In the middle of this problem, the VOC's governor general, van Imhoff, paid a visit to the kraton, the first one to do so during the whole history of the relation between Mataram and the VOC, to confirm the de facto Dutch possession of coastal and several interior regions. Pakubuwana II hesitantly accepted the cession in lieu of 20,000 real per year. Mangkubumi was dissatisfied with his brother's decision to yield to van Imhoff's insistence, which was made without consulting the other members of royal family and great nobles. van Imhoff had neither experience nor tactfulness to understand the delicate situation in Mataram and he rebuked Mangkubumi as "too ambitious" before the whole court when Mangkubumi claimed the 3000 households. This shameful treatment from a foreigner who had wrested the most prosperous lands of Mataram from his weak brother led him to raise his followers into rebellion in May 1746, this time with the help of Mas Said.
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royal brother, Pangeran Arya
Mataram, ran to Japara and proclaimed himself king, thus began the Second War of Succession. Before the year ended, Arya Mataram surrendered and was strangled in Japara by king's order, and Blitar and Purbaya was dislodged from their stronghold in Mataram in November. In 1720, these two princes ran away to the still rebellious interior of East Java. Luckily for the VOC and the young king, the rebellious regents of Surabaya, Jangrana III and Jayapuspita died in 1718–20 and Pangeran Blitar died in 1721. In May and June 1723, the remnants of the rebels and their leaders surrendered, including Surengrana of Surabaya, Pangeran Purbaya and Dipanagara, all of whom were banished to Ceylon, except Purbaya, who was taken to Batavia to serve as "backup" to replace Amangkurat IV in case of any disruption in the relationship between the king and VOC since Purbaya was seen to have equal "legitimacy" by the VOC. It is obvious from these two Wars of Succession that even though the VOC was virtually invincible in the field, mere military prowess was not sufficient to pacify Java.
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attack the Javano-Chinese alliance but they were repulsed. On 30 June 1742, the rebels captured
Kartasura and van Hohendorff had to run away from a hole in kraton wall with the helpless Pakubuwana II on his back. The Dutch, however, ignored Kartasura's fate in rebel hands and concentrated its forces under Captain Gerrit mother and Nathaniel Steinmets to repulse the rebels around Demak, Welahan, Jepara, Kudus and Rembang. By October 1742, the northern coast of Central Java was cleaned of the rebels, who seemed to disperse into the traditional rebel hideout in Malang to the east and the Dutch forces returned to Semarang in November. Cakraningrat IV, who wished to free the eastern coast of Java from Mataram influence, could not deter the Dutch from supporting Pakubuwana II but he managed to capture and plunder Kartasura in November 1742. In December 1742, the VOC negotiated with Cakraningrat and managed to persuade him to relieve Kartasura of Madurese and Balinese troops under his pay. The treasures, however, remained in Cakraningrat's hand.
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resulting in a series of malaria outbreaks in 1733–1795. This was aggravated by the fall of sugar price in
European market, bringing bankruptcy to sugar factories in the areas around Batavia (the Ommelanden), which were mostly operated by Chinese labour. The unrest prompted the VOC authorities to reduce the number of unlicensed Chinese settlers, who had been smuggled into Batavia by Chinese sugar factory owners. These labourers were loaded onto ships out of Batavia but the rumour that these people were thrown into the sea as soon as the ship was beyond the horizon caused panic among the remaining Chinese. On 7 October 1740, several Chinese mobs attacked Europeans outside the city and incited the Dutch to order a massacre two days later. The Chinese settlement in Batavia was looted for several days, in which
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ordering the Arch-Regent (Adipati) of Jipang (Bojonegoro), one
Tumenggung Mataun, to join the Chinese. In September 1741, the king ordered Patih Natakusuma and several regents to help the Chinese besiege Semarang and let Natakusuma attack the VOC garrison in Kartasura, who were starved into submission in August. However, reinforcement from the VOC's posts in Outer Islands were arriving since August and they were all wisely concentrated to repel the Chinese around Semarang. In the beginning of November, the Dutch attacked Kaligawe, Torbaya around Semarang, and repulsed the alliance of Javanese and Chinese forces who were stationed in four separate fortress and did not co-ordinate with each other. At the end of November,
2085:. The initial stages of the campaign against Batavia proved difficult due to a lack of logistical support for Agung's troops. To avoid a repeat of such inadequacy, Agung established farming settlements along the northern coast of West Java. This saw support from constructed rice barns and Javanese ships filled with rice rations to support Mataram troops. Upon discovery from Dutch ships and spies however, operations of these Javanese ships and rice barns were eventually put to a stop or burned down. As a result, large numbers of Mataram troops again suffered from ill-adequate logistical support and eventually, starvation. Agung's attempt to invade Batavia ultimately ended in failure.
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2761:, and prior the island was completely ruled by the Dutch. For some Central Javanese, especially those hailed from Yogyakarta and Surakarta city, the Mataram Sultanate, especially Sultan Agung's era, was remembered with pride as a glorious past, as Mataram become the regional hegemon after Majapahit, almost completely unified Java island, and almost succeed to drive the Dutch out of Java. However, for those of former Mataram's rivals or vassals; East Javanese Surabayan, Madurese and Blambangan, also Priangan and Cirebon of West Java, Mataram era is remembered as the era of Central Javanese overlordship over them, marked with
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Pangiri, was an unpopular ruler, and Benowo quickly rallied support to regain his throne and recruited
Sutawijaya's support against Pajang. Subsequently, Pajang was attacked from two directions: by Prince Benowo from Jipang and by Sutawijaya from Mataram, and was finally defeated. After the defeat of Pajang, Prince Benowo did not dare to stand against Senapati and agreed to bow down to him and submit Pajang to Mataram's rule. This event in 1586, marked the end of Pajang kingdom and the rise of its former vassal, the Mataram Sultanate.
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Under Sultan Agung, Mataram was able to expand its territory to include most of Java after capturing several port cities of northern Java. Surabaya with its strong fortification and surrounded by swamps, was still the most formidable enemy of
Mataram. In 1614, Surabaya forged an alliance with Kediri, Tuban and Pasuruan, and launched invasion against Mataram. In the following year, Sultan Agung managed to repel allied Surabaya forces in Wirasaba (present day Mojoagung, near Mojokerto). He also conquered
2285:. However, this time the Dutch believed they had found a more reliable client, and hence supported his uncle Pangeran Puger, formerly Susuhunan ing Alaga, who had previously been defeated by the VOC and Amangkurat II. Before the Dutch, he accused Amangkurat III of planning an uprising in East Java. Unlike Pangeran Puger, Amangkurat III inherited family connection with Surabayan ruler, Jangrana II, from Amangkurat II and this lent credibility to the allegation that he cooperated with the now powerful
2347:, this time without any serious resistance from anybody. The history for the period of 1723 until 1741 was dominated by a series of intrigues which further showed the fragile nature of Javanese politics, held together by Dutch's effort. In this relatively peaceful situation, the king could not gather the support of his "subjects" and instead was swayed by short-term ends siding with this faction for a moment and then to another. The king never seemed to lack challenges to his "legitimacy".
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behaviour in court, his alleged homosexuality which was abhorred by the pious king and rumours of his planning a rebellion against the "heathen" (the Dutch) caused unrest in
Kartasura and hatred from the nobles. After his sister, the Queen, died of miscarriage in 1738, the king asked the Dutch to banish him, to which the Dutch complied gladly. Despite these faction struggles, the situation in general did not show any signs of developing into full-scale war. Eastern Java was quiet: though
2467:, Pakubuwana II fell ill and called van Hohendorff, his trusted friend who saved his life during the fall of Kartasura in 1742. He asked Hohendorff to assume control over the kingdom. Hohendorff was naturally surprised and refused, thinking that he would be made king of Mataram, but when the king insisted on it, he asked his sick friend to confirm it in writing. On 11 December 1749, Pakubuwana II signed an agreement in which the "sovereignty" of Mataram was given to the VOC.
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his son in-law. He also closed ports and destroyed ships in
Javanese coastal cities to prevent them from getting too powerful from their wealth. This action devastated the Javanese coastal economy and crippled the Javanese maritime prowess that had been nurtured since the Singhasari and Majapahit era. This thus turned Mataram into a mainly agricultural inland kingdom for the next centuries. Because of this, Amangkurat I was notarized as a ruthless king. He even
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to two reason: first, rebellions against Sultan Agung already began as far back as 1617 and occurred in Pati even during his peak of invincibility after taking
Surabaya in 1625. The second, and more importantly, the military failure to capture Batavia was not seen as political failure by Javanese point of view. After the failed Batavia campaign, Gresik tried to regain power in East Java and led a revolt that quickly cracked down completely in 1635.
1702:, the third king of Mataram, are difficult to determine. There are several annals used by H.J. de Graaf in his histories such as Babad Sangkala and Babad Momana which contain list of events and dates from the Javanese calendar (A.J., Anno Javanicus), but besides de Graaf's questionable practice of simply adding 78 to Javanese years to obtain corresponding Christian years, the agreement between Javanese sources themselves is also less than perfect.
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1743 Mataram only consists of areas around Surakarta, Yogyakarta, Kedu and Bagelen. Cakraningrat IV was definitely not pleased with this situation and he began to make alliance with Surabaya, the descendants of Untung Surapati, and hired more Balinese mercenaries. He stopped paying tribute to the VOC in 1744, and after a failed attempt to negotiate, the Dutch attacked Madura in 1745 and ousted Cakraningrat, who was banished to the Cape in 1746.
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military conquest as a means to coerce Banten into Mataram's hegemony. However, if Agung were march his armies to Banten, the port city of Batavia would stand as a potential opponent too near to the proximity of the Banten region. This did not deter Agung from pursuing his claim as he already perceived Dutch rule of Batavia as a threat to the Mataram hegemony, thereby inciting further reason to march upon Batavia whilst en route to Banten.
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1728:(1628–29) until the first War of Succession (1704), the years of events in which foreigners participated can be accepted as certain, but – again – are not always consistent with Javanese versions of the story. The events in the period 1704–1755 can be dated with greater certainty since, in this period, the Dutch interfered deeply in Mataram affairs but events behind kraton walls are, in general, difficult to date precisely.
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kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java, also Madura and Sukadana on southwest Borneo, except for the west and east end of the island and its mountainous south (except for Mataram — of course). Sultan Agung consolidated his political unity by forging marriage alliance of his Adipati to the Princesses of Mataram. Agung himself took the hand of Cirebon Princess as his consort, in an effort to sealed
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the first genuine puppet of the Dutch. On paper, these terms seemed very advantageous to the Dutch, since the VOC itself was in financial difficulties during the period of 1683–1710. But the ability of the king to fulfil the terms of agreement depended largely on the stability of Java, for which the VOC has made a guarantee. It turned out later that the VOC's military might was incapable of such a huge task.
2490:, under Pakubuwana. Mas Said, however, proved to be stronger than the combined forces of Solo, Yogya and the VOC. In 1756, he even almost captured Yogyakarta, but he realised that he could not defeat the three powers all by himself. In February 1757 he surrendered to Pakubuwana III and was given 4000 households, all taken from Pakubuwana III's own lungguh, and a parcel of land near Solo, the present day
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grandfather, Pangeran Pekik of Surabaya, making Amangkurat I suspicious of a conspiracy among Surabayan factions to grab power in the capital by using Pekiks’ grandson's powerful position as the Crown Prince. He conspired with Panembahan Rama from Kajoran, west of Magelang, who proposed a stratagem in which the Crown Prince financed Rama's son-in-law, Trunajaya, to begin a rebellion in the East Java.
1876:(VOC) occurred under Susuhunan Anyokrowati. Dutch activities at the time were limited to trading from limited coastal settlements, so their interactions with the inland Mataram kingdom were limited, although they did form an alliance against Surabaya in 1613. Susuhunan Anyokrowati died accidentally that year when he was in Krapyak forest, hunting for deer. He was given posthumous title
2183:, leaving his younger son Pangeran Puger in Mataram. Apparently more interested in profit and revenge than in running a struggling empire, the rebel Trunajaya looted the court and withdrew to his stronghold in Kediri, East Java, leaving Prince Puger in control of a weak court. Seizing this opportunity, Puger assumed the throne in the ruins of Plered with the title Susuhanan ing Alaga.
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Danureja. At the same time, the patih tried to strengthen his position by installing his relatives and clients in the regencies, sometimes without king's consent, at the expense of other nobles’ interests, including the powerful queens dowager, Ratu Amangkurat (Amangkurat IV's wife) and Ratu Pakubuwana (Pakubuwana I's wife), much to the confusion of the Dutch.
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II but the king arranged a ruse in which he pretended to help Tack. Tack was killed when pursuing Surapati in Kartasura, then capital of Mataram (present day Kartasura near Solo), but Batavia decided to do nothing since the situation in Batavia itself was far from stable, such as the insurrection of Captain Jonker, native commander of
2602:, the passive form of "bathara", god). Javanese kingship is a matter of royal-divine presence, not a specific territory or population. People may come and go without interrupting the identity of a kingdom which lies in the succession of semi-divine kings. Power, including royal power is not qualitatively different from the power of
2811:. During the height of the Mataram Sultanate in the first half of the 17th century, Javanese culture expanded, much of Western and East Java region are being Javanized. Mataram's campaign on Eastern Javanese principalities such as Surabaya and Pasuruan expanded Mataraman influences on Java. Mataram expansion includes
2574:. Islam is presented in Java adaptively to the original Javanese culture. This cultural adaptation was acceptable to the Javanese community, so the indigenousization of Islam was considered successful because Islam developed rapidly in Java naturally and through the cultural process of the Javanese community itself.
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rebellion got stronger day by day and even in 1753 the Crown Prince of Surakarta joined the rebels. The VOC decided that it did have not the military capability to suppress this rebellion, though in 1752, Mas Said broke away from Hamengkubuwana. By 1754, all parties were tired of war and ready to negotiate.
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VOC and Amangkurat II forced Susuhunan ing Alaga (Puger) to relinquish the throne in favour of his elder brother Amangkurat II. In 1680, Amangkurat II ascended as the king of Mataram by receiving his crown from the Dutch. As the compensation for Dutch supports, other than Semarang, Mataram has to hand over
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With the installation of Pakubuwana, the Dutch substantially increased their control over the interior of Central Java. Pakubuwana I was more than willing to agree to anything the VOC asked of him. In 1705 he agreed to cede the regions of Cirebon and eastern part of Madura (under Cakraningrat II), in
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and the court sheltered people wanted by the Dutch for attacking colonial offices or disrupting shipping such as Untung Surapati. In 1685, Batavia sent Captain Tack, the officer who captured Trunojoyo, to capture Surapati and negotiate further details into the agreement between the VOC and Amangkurat
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tried to bring long-term stability to Mataram's realm, by murdering local leaders that were insufficiently deferential to him, including the still-powerful noble from Surabaya, Pangeran Pekik, his father-in-law, and executed Panembahan Adiningkusuma (posthumous: Panembahan Girilaya), king of Cirebon,
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1601–1613), the son of Senapati, was dominated by further warfare, especially against powerful Surabaya, already a major centre of power in East Java. He faced rebellion from his relatives who were installed in the newly conquered Demak (1601–4), Ponorogo (1607–8) and Kediri (1608). In 1612 Surabaya,
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The formation of Catur Sagotra began in 2004. King of Surakarta Sri Susuhunan Paku Buwono XII (before he died) once gave the mandate to Mrs. Nani Soedarsono to continue the noble ideals of Catur Sagotra. Catur Sagotra is a joint idea of the four Javanese kings at that time, namely Sri Susuhunan Paku
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The VOC's dire situation after the Battle of Tugu in July 1741 did not escape the king's attention, but – like Amangkurat II – he avoided any open breach with the VOC since his own kraton was not lacking of factions against him. He ordered Patih Natakusuma to do all the dirty work, such as
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The king tried to break the dominance of this Danureja by asking the help of the Dutch to banish him, but Danureja's successor, Natakusuma, was influenced heavily by the Queen's brother, Arya Purbaya, son of the rebel Pangeran Purbaya, who was also Natakusuma's brother-in-law. Arya Purbaya's erratic
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In 1719, Pakubuwana I died and his son Amangkurat IV took the throne in 1719, but his brothers, Pangeran Blitar and Purbaya, contested the succession. They attacked the kraton in June 1719. When they were repulsed by the cannons in the VOC's fort, they retreated south to the land of Mataram. Another
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and Ukur in West Java. Ricklefs and de Graaf argued that these rebellions in the later part of Sultan Agung's reign was mainly due to his inability to capture Batavia in 1628–29, which shattered his reputation of invincibility and inspired Mataram's vassal to rebel. This argument seems untenable due
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The reinstatement of Pakubuwana II in Kartasura on 14 December 1742 marked the end of the Chinese war. It showed who was in control of the situation. Accordingly, Sunan Kuning surrendered in October 1743, followed by other rebel leaders. In the mid-18th century, Mataram lost much of their lands, by
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In May, the Dutch agreed to support Pakubuwana II after considering that after all, the regencies in eastern interior were still loyal to this weak king but the Javano-Chinese rebel alliance had occupied the only road from Semarang to Kartasura and captured Salatiga. The princes in Mataram tried to
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After 1723, the situation seemed to stabilise, much to the delight of the Dutch. Javanese nobility had learned that the alliance of the VOC's military with any Javanese faction made them nearly invincible. It seemed that the VOC's plan to reap the profit from a stable Java under a kingdom which was
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The descendants of Amangkurat III, who were allowed to return from Ceylon, and the royal brothers, especially Pangeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar and the banished Pangeran Arya Mangkunegara, tried to gain the support of the Dutch by spreading gossips of rebellion against the king and the patih (vizier),
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of rice. Any debt made before 1705 was cancelled. In 1709, Pakubuwana I made another agreement with the VOC in which Mataram would pay annual tribute of wood, indigo and coffee (planted since 1696 by the VOC's request) in addition to rice. These tributes, more than anything else, made Pakubuwana I
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By providing help in regaining his throne, the Dutch brought Amangkurat II under their tight control. Amangkurat II was apparently unhappy with the situation, especially the increasing Dutch control of the coast, but he was helpless in the face of a crippling financial debt and the threat of Dutch
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The multinational Dutch forces, consisting of light-armed troops from Makasar and Ambon, in addition to heavily equipped European soldiers, first defeated Trunajaya in Kediri in November 1678 and Trunajaya himself was captured in 1679 near Ngantang west of Malang, then in 1681, the alliance of the
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Despite being an Islamic Sultanate, Mataram had never adopted Islamic culture, systems and institutions thoroughly. Its political system was more like a syncretism of earlier Javanese Hindu civilisation merged with Islamic elements. The major formation took place during Sultan Agung's reign as he
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On 15 December 1749, Hohendorff announced the accession of Pakubuwana II's son as the new king of Mataram with the title Pakubuwana III. However, three days earlier, Mangkubumi in his stronghold in Yogyakarta also announced his accession with the title Mangkubumi, with Mas Said as his patih. This
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The last years of Pakubuwana's reign, from 1717 to 1719, were dominated by rebellion in East Java against the kingdom and its foreign patrons. The murder of Jangrana II in 1706 incited his three brothers, regents of Surabaya, Jangrana III, Jayapuspita and Surengrana, to raise a rebellion with the
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5,000–6,000 ulema and their family members due to their alleged involvement in a coup plot. Despite his political ruthlessness, unlike his father, Amangkurat I was not an accomplished military leader and dare not to pursue confrontation against the Dutch, as in 1646 he signed peace agreement with
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in West Java in 1597 — witnessed by Dutch sailors — failed, perhaps due to lack of water transport. Later, Demak and Pati revolted and their forces almost reach the Mataram capital, before Senapati's cavalry manage to destroy them. Panembahan Senapati died in 1601 and entombed in Kota
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of contemporary Indonesian politics, such as dishonesty, deceptive, treacherousness, rigidity of social hierarchy, authoritarianism and arbitrariness, accompanied by fondness of status display and arrogance, is often attributed to and called as "Mataramization". A typical negative description of
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In the next year 1742, the alliance of Javanese and Chinese let Semarang alone and captured Kudus and Pati in February. In March, Pakubuwana II sent a messenger to negotiate with the Dutch in Semarang and offered them absolute control over all northern coasts of Java and the privilege to appoint
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In the meantime, the Dutch were contending with other problems. The excessive use of land for sugar cane plantation in the interior of West Java reduced the flow of water in Ciliwung River (which flows through the city of Batavia) and made the city canals an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes,
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II of Madura, the VOC's most trusted ally, persuaded the Dutch to support Pangeran Puger. Though Cakraningrat II harboured personal hatred towards Puger, this move is understandable since alliance between Amangkurat III and his Surabaya relatives and Surapati in Bangil would be a great threat to
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After five years of war, Agung finally conquered Surabaya in 1625. The city was taken not through outright military invasion, but instead through a siege; Agung installed a tight blockade from the land and sea, starving Surabaya into submission. With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram
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Panembahan ing Alaga was an able military general and also a warlike ambitious leader, and he aspired to unite Java under Mataram's banner. He responsible for the great expansion and lasting historical legacy of Mataram due to the extensive military conquests of his long reign from 1613 to 1646.
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as Mataram's loyal ally. By 1625, Mataram was undisputed ruler of Java. Such a mighty feat of arms, however, did not deter Mataram's former overlords from rebellion. Pajang rebelled in 1617, and Pati rebelled in 1627. After the capture of Surabaya in 1625, expansion stopped while the empire was
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By the mid-1670s dissatisfaction with the king was turning into open revolt, beginning from the recalcitrant Eastern Java and creeping inward. The Crown Prince (future Amangkurat II) felt that his life was not safe in the court after he took his father's concubine with the help of his maternal
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or Panembahan Senapati Ingalaga, replaced his father around 1584, and he began to release Mataram from Pajang's control. Under Sutawijaya, Mataram grew substantially through military campaigns against Mataram's overlord of Pajang and Pajang's former overlord, Demak. The new Pajang Sultan, Arya
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remained outside of Agung's control. In his effort to unite Java, Agung claimed Mataram as the successor state of Demak, which historically held Banten as a vassal state. However, the Banten Sultanate opposed Agung's claim, preferring to remain as a sovereign state. Agung therefore considered
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Details in Javanese sources about the early years of the kingdom are limited, and the line is unclear between the historical record and myths since there are indications of the efforts by later rulers, especially Agung, to establish a long line of legitimate descent by inventing predecessors.
2132:, his burial place, about fifteen kilometres south of Yogyakarta. Imogiri remains the resting place of most of the royalty of Yogyakarta and Surakarta to this day. Agung died in the spring of 1646, leaving behind an empire that covered most of Java and stretched to its neighbouring islands.
1679:, are that they are often undated, obscure and incorporate non-historic, mythological and fantastic elements because these Javanese historical accounts were used as a tool to legitimize the authority of the ruler. An example of a mythical element is the sacred bonds between
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patih. The VOC promptly sent van Hohendorff with a small force to observe the situation in Kartasura. Things began to get worse for Pakubuwana II. In April, the rebels set up Raden Mas Garendi, a descendant of Amangkurat III, as king with the title of Sunan Kuning.
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Catur Sagotra means four entities that still have a single root kinship, referring to the royal families who succeeded the Islamic Mataram dynasty. These kingdoms are Kasunanan Surakarta, Kasultanan Yogyakarta, Kadipaten Mangkunagaran, and Kadipaten Pakualaman.
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Susuhunan Anyokrowati was succeeded by his son, Adipati Martapura. Adipati Martapura, however, was of poor health and quickly replaced by his brother, Raden Mas Rangsang in 1613, who assumed the title Panembahan ing Alaga, and later in 1641 took the title of
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adapted Islam to the Hindu-Javanese tradition and introduced a new calendar in 1633 based on Islamic and Javanese practice. The arts during Sultan Agung's reign were a mixture of Islamic and Hindu-Javanese elements. The mainstream belief system was the
2455:
in Solo, and several other princes of the royal blood still maintained rebellion. Pakubuwana II declared that anyone who can suppress the rebellion in Sukawati, areas around present day Sragen, would be rewarded with 3000 households. Pangeran
2968:
Buwono XII, Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX, Sri Paku Alam VIII and Sri Mangku Nagoro VIII. The purpose of Catur Sagotra is to unite the four breeds in the bonds of the same cultural philosophy and historical linkages of Mataram's ancestors.
2258:
in the land of Pajang (northern part of the stretch of land between Mount Merapi and Mount Lawu, the southern part being Mataram). The Dutch also erected a fort in Kartasura in an effort to control as well as protect the new capital.
2233:
if they lend him some troops. For the Dutch, a stable Mataram empire that was deeply indebted to them would help ensure continued trade on favourable terms. They were willing to lend their military might to keep the kingdom together.
2038:, another ally of Surabaya, was taken in 1624 after a fierce battle. Soon Madura's fortifications in Sumenep and Pamekasan fell, Agung installed Adipati of Sampang as the Adipati of Madura, stylised as Prince Cakraningrat I.
1987:"). The Mataram Sultanate under the reign of Sultan Agung is popularly remembered as the apogee of Mataram's rule on Java, and the golden age of native Javanese power prior to European colonisation in the following century.
2021:
Surabaya was Mataram's most difficult enemy. Senapati was not strong enough to attack this powerful city and Anyokrowati attacked it to no avail. Sultan Agung tried to weakened Surabaya by launching a naval campaign across
2868:), subtleness, politeness, courtesy, indirectness, emotional restraint and consciousness to one's social stature, has made Mataram politics quite complicated, intricate and deceitful. As the result the negative aspects of
2359:
refused to pay homage to the court with various excuses, Madura was held under firm control by the VOC and Surabaya did not stir. But dark clouds were forming. This time, the explosion came from the west: Batavia itself.
2117:
that treated it as a buffer against the Islamic expansion of Muslim Mataram. Blambangan surrendered in 1639, but quickly regained their independence in 1659 and rejoined Bali in 1697, after the Mataram troops withdrew.
2272:
settlement in Batavia, in 1689. Mainly due to this incident, by the end of his reign, Amangkurat II was deeply distrusted by the Dutch, but Batavia were similarly uninterested in provoking another costly war on Java.
2446:
The fall of Kartasura made the palace inauspicious for the king and Pakubuwana II built a new kraton in Surakarta or Solo and moved there in 1746. However, Pakubuwana II was far from secure in this throne.
2263:
military power. The king engaged in a series of intrigues to try to weaken the Dutch position without confronting them head on; for example, by trying to co-operate with other kingdoms such as Cirebon and
175:
1762:
However, by the time more reliable records begin in the mid-17th century the kingdom was so large and powerful that most historians concur it had already been established for several generations.
1853:
Gede, he succeed on establishing a firm foundation of a new state. His successor, Mas Jolang or later known as Susuhunan Anyokrawati or Panembahan Sedo ing Krapyak, would face further rebellion.
1840:, who may have used his threat to reduce pressure from the then powerful Surabaya. After his campaign in Central and East Java, Panembahan Senapati turned his attention to the West, as he forced
2864:
during the last period of its history, has made Mataram being remembered in quite unflattering way. Combined with Javanese behaviour, such as obsession with elegance and refinements (Javanese:
1724:
Therefore, the following rule of thumb is suggested: the dates from de Graaf and Ricklefs for the period before the Siege of Batavia can be accepted as best-guesses. For the period after the
2414:
had controlled the stretch of east coast from Tuban to Sedayu and the Dutch relieved Tegal of Chinese rebels. This caused Pakubuwana II to change sides and open negotiations with the Dutch.
2313:
which Mataram had no real control anyway, to the VOC. The VOC was given Semarang as new headquarters, the right to build fortresses anywhere in Java, a garrison in the kraton in Kartasura,
2254:
too was forced to shift allegiance from Mataram to the Dutch, and becomes Dutch's protectorate state. Since the fallen Plered was considered inauspicious, Amangkurat II move the capital to
5219:
3406:(First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore
1746:
2225:
king in 1677. He too was nearly helpless, having fled without an army nor treasury to build one. In an attempt to regain his kingdom, he made substantial concessions to the
2163:
them. To further his glory, the new king abandoned Karta, Sultan Agung's capital, and moved to a grander red-brick palace in Plered (formerly the palace was built of wood).
3369:
Anderson, BRO’G. The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture dalam Anderson, BRO’G. Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Cornell University Press. 1990.
3549:
1909:
4019:
3620:
398:
384:
370:
345:
2006:, south of Surabaya. In 1616, Surabaya tried to attack Mataram but this army was crushed by Sultan Agung's forces in Siwalan, Pajang (near Solo). The coastal city of
2706:
2294:
4300:
2650:
2179:
moved swiftly and strong, and captured the king's court at Plered in Mataram in mid-1677. The king escaped to the north coast with his eldest son, the future king
2007:
1857:
1544:
by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the interior of Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century.
1168:
2819:
highlands; from Galuh Ciamis, Sumedang, Bandung and Cianjur. It was during this period that Sundanese people were exposed and assimilated further into Javanese
5302:
2498:". This settlement proved successful in that political struggle was again confined to palace or inter-palace intrigues and peace was maintained until 1812.
5285:
4755:
3561:
1709:(palaces), the deaths of important princes, great wars, etc. are the only kind of events deemed important enough to be dated, by using a poetic formula
5181:
2343:
deeply indebted to the VOC would soon be realised. In 1726, Amangkurat IV fell to an illness that resembled poisoning. His son assumed the throne as
2197:
1148:
1902:
2765:
and arbitrariness of feudal Javanese regime. In the future this would lead to interregional Madura – Central Java animosity. Also to some degree,
1128:
3947:
2125:. Mecca also sent numbers of ulama to Agung's court. His Islamic name and title gained from Mecca is "Sultan Abdul Muhammad Maulana Matarami".
1486:
5307:
3326:
2594:, or a centre of the world, in the sense of both a central location and a central being, focused on the person of the king (variously called
5324:
3464:
1217:
1645:, specifically by the location of its capital. Historically, there were two kingdoms that have existed in this region and both are called
4533:
4004:
2403:
1895:
3387:
de Graaf, H.J. dan T.H. Pigeaud. 2003. Kerajaan Islam Pertama Di Jawa: Tinjauan Sejarah Politik Abad XV dan XVI. Pustaka Utama Graffiti.
2937:
2305:
upon his accession in June 1704. The conflict between Amangkurat III and Pakubuwana I, the latter allied with the Dutch, usually termed
1795:
Meanwhile, in Pajang, there were major power struggles that took place after the death of Sultan Hadiwijaya in 1582. Hadiwijaya's heir,
4516:
2610:, but it is much stronger. Javanese kingship is not based on the legitimacy of a single individual, since anyone can contest power by
2451:, or Pangeran Sambernyawa (meaning "Soul Reaper"), son of banished Arya Mangkunegara, who later would establish the princely house of
1717:, which can be expressed verbally and pictorially, the rest being simply described in narrative succession without dates. Again these
5290:
4489:
5405:
4748:
4477:
2951:
1765:
According to Javanese records, the kings of Mataram were descended from one Ki Ageng Sela (Sela is a village near the present-day
4386:
3957:
3419:
Ricklefs, M.C. 2002. Yogyakarta di Bawah Sultan Mangkubumi 1749–1792: Sejarah Pembagian Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Matabangsa.
2121:
In 1641, Javanese envoys sent by Agung to Arabia have arrived home after obtaining permission to wear the title "Sultan" from
1784:, as the reward for his service of defeating Arya Panangsang, Hadiwijaya's enemy. Pajang was located near the current site of
4722:
2534:
area near court's mosque. The Javanese court ceremonies, culture and rituals of Mataram still bears Hindu-Buddhist elements.
1262:
2802:
were formulated, codified and took its present form during this period, inherited and preserved diligently by its successor
5415:
4077:
3952:
1403:
17:
4741:
4668:
3937:
1363:
2923:
2590:), or both. The Javanese language does not include words with these meanings. The concept of the Javanese kingdom is a
2558:
were formulated, codified and took its present form during this period, and inherited by its successors, the courts of
1558:), and began to decline after his death in 1645. By the mid-18th century, Mataram lost both power and territory to the
1479:
1425:
3372:
Blusse, Leonard. 2004. Persekutuan Aneh: Pemukim Cina, Wanita Peranakan, dan Belanda di Batavia VOC. LKiS: Yogyakarta.
2582:
Javanese kingship varies from Western kingship, which is essentially based on the idea of legitimacy from the people (
3845:
3588:
3431:
3411:
3363:
3302:
3049:
2506:
2159:
1956:
1383:
92:
74:
4335:
3457:
3219:
2728:
2464:
2306:
1966:
1951:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1373:
3375:
Carey, Peter. 1997. Civilization on loan: the making of an upstart polity: Mataram and its successors, 1600–1830.
161:
5061:
4072:
2909:
1816:"). He revealed the expansive nature of his reign and began the fateful campaign to the East along the course of
2856:
In political aspect, the incessant war of succession, treason, rebellion and court intrigue of Javanese Mataram
1824:
rose against Panembahan Senapati. Senapati however was unable to penetrate Surabayan defence. He then conquered
4663:
4310:
2977:
2769:–Mataraman rivalry. Within Mataraman realm, the disintegration of the Mataram Sultanate into several competing
1435:
1227:
475:
59:
2145:
1665:
The key sources to uncover the history of the Mataram Sultanate are local Javanese historical accounts called
4717:
4712:
3962:
3554:
1472:
1440:
1430:
1413:
1378:
1302:
1272:
1207:
1037:
740:
563:
447:
2321:
and textiles, and the right to buy as much rice as they wanted. Mataram would pay an annual tribute of 1300
4648:
4418:
4177:
3757:
3416:
Remmelink, Willem G.J. 2002. Perang Cina dan Runtuhnya Negara Jawa 1725–1743. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Jendela.
1996:
1936:
1056:
749:
1788:, and Mataram was originally a vassal of Pajang. Pamanahan was often referred to as Kyai Gedhe Mataram. A
4643:
3625:
3450:
3437:
Ricklefs. M.C. 2001. Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200–2004. PT. Serambi Ilmu Semesta. Cetakan I: April 2005.
2745:
The Mataram Sultanate was the last major native polity in Java prior the kingdom broke into of courts of
1282:
2061:
1705:
The Javanese sources are very selective in putting dates to events. Events such as the rise and fall of
5410:
5395:
4906:
4036:
2943:
1773:
1586:
itself was never the official name of any polity, as the Javanese often refer to their realm simply as
1237:
4435:
3021:
5420:
4699:
4430:
4290:
4148:
3900:
2678:
2282:
1388:
3390:
De Graaf, H.J. Puncak Kekuasaan Mataram: Politik Ekspansi Sultan Agung. Pustaka Utama Graffiti 2002.
3250:
2957:
5400:
5319:
5051:
4423:
4225:
4107:
4097:
4087:
4041:
3967:
3787:
2982:
2929:
2692:
2671:
2482:
and rebellious prince Mangkubumi. The treaty divided nominal control over central Java between the
2369:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2202:
2180:
2113:
in the extreme eastern Java. At that time Blambangan kingdom was supported by Kingdom of Gelgel in
1961:
1873:
1672:
1559:
1368:
789:
35:
2841:
began to adopt the stratified degree of term and vocabulary to denote politeness, as reflected in
2217:
On his way to Batavia to ask for Dutch's help, Amangkurat I died in the village of Tegalarum near
1812:
Senapati assumed royal status by wearing the title "Panembahan" (literally "one who is worshipped/
1799:(Prince) Benowo, was ousted by Arya Pangiri of Demak, and was removed to Jipang. Pamanahan's son,
180:
The maximum extent of Mataram Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo (1613–1645)
4182:
4128:
3977:
3942:
3932:
3805:
3487:
2664:
2657:
2635:
2154:
1980:
1548:
535:
70:
4359:
5329:
4275:
4133:
4092:
3982:
3870:
3722:
3684:
3492:
2915:
5093:
5046:
4689:
4305:
4031:
3972:
3747:
3292:
2587:
2384:
1292:
1019:
484:
2171:, a prince from Arosbaya, Madura, led a revolt supported by itinerant fighters from faraway
5346:
5336:
5209:
5191:
5128:
5056:
5026:
4916:
4891:
4881:
4240:
4230:
4014:
3742:
3727:
3566:
3017:
2750:
2563:
2483:
2251:
2229:(VOC), who then went to war to reinstate him. He promised to give the VOC the port town of
1320:
1083:
1046:
999:
929:
899:
869:
839:
456:
377:
66:
8:
5341:
5295:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5083:
5036:
4494:
4280:
4235:
3830:
2643:
2387:. The Chinese ran away and captured Bekasi, which was dislodged by the VOC in June 1741.
2192:
2176:
1946:
1138:
1103:
969:
889:
759:
258:
120:
1865:
again, rose against Mataram, as the response Anyokrowati conquered Mojokerto, destroyed
5369:
5361:
5351:
5176:
5161:
5041:
4911:
4840:
4785:
4694:
4285:
4205:
3987:
3767:
3699:
3603:
3473:
2838:
2746:
2559:
1654:
1343:
1328:
989:
959:
879:
799:
632:
363:
2895:
2829:
are Sundanese taking on Javanese Wayang Kulit culture, similar shared culture such as
2298:
Madura's position, even though Jangrana II's father was Cakraningrat II's son-in-law.
467:
5214:
5151:
5031:
5011:
4970:
4901:
4621:
4270:
4215:
4051:
3895:
3850:
3732:
3689:
3657:
3593:
3427:
3407:
3359:
3298:
3045:
2842:
2598:). The king is regarded as a semi-divine being, a union of divine and human aspects (
2479:
2475:
2043:
2018:, one of the oldest and largest port cities on the coast of Java, was taken in 1619.
1887:
1841:
1178:
1158:
829:
819:
779:
514:
391:
350:
308:
212:
134:
5374:
5103:
5006:
4876:
4810:
4353:
4138:
4056:
4026:
3885:
3815:
3382:
2812:
2779:
2762:
2611:
2535:
2082:
2070:
2056:
1941:
1849:
1766:
1725:
1692:
1506:
1462:
1338:
1093:
919:
909:
602:
1848:
in West Java to acknowledge Mataram's overlordship in 1595. His effort to conquer
5088:
5021:
5016:
4886:
4835:
4825:
4658:
4653:
4638:
4391:
4265:
4200:
4009:
3860:
3704:
3613:
3399:
2846:
2411:
2391:
2356:
2286:
2206:
1631:
1533:
1333:
1074:
949:
849:
809:
642:
3358:. 2nd edition. Penerbit Kanisius 1973. 5th reprint edition in 2003. Yogyakarta.
2014:, was conquered in 1616 and Pasuruan, southeast of Surabaya, was taken in 1617.
5312:
5280:
5272:
5204:
4996:
4955:
4830:
4815:
4795:
4456:
4210:
4195:
3880:
3875:
3855:
3825:
3810:
3694:
3667:
3573:
3404:
Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java
2799:
2720:
2555:
2513:
dance, many of traditional Javanese courtly artforms and dances found today in
2495:
2448:
1623:
1009:
979:
859:
682:
612:
1869:
and burned villages around Surabaya. Surabaya however, was still indomitable.
5389:
4855:
4790:
4733:
4684:
4501:
4450:
4082:
4046:
3772:
3662:
2754:
2713:
2699:
2567:
2491:
2452:
2344:
2035:
1828:
in 1590-1 instead, and turned east from Madiun to conquer Kediri in 1591 and
1653:
or "Mataram Sultanate" to distinguish it from the Hindu-Buddhist 9th-century
1537:
662:
273:
1638:
area, the capital of the Sultanate on the outskirts of southern Yogyakarta.
5199:
4860:
4595:
4590:
4143:
3992:
3840:
3820:
3762:
3737:
3647:
3642:
3583:
3578:
3294:
Chapter 3. Javanization, Inside Indonesian Society: Cultural Change in Java
2869:
2826:
2795:
2740:
2685:
2551:
2395:
2378:
Chinese prisoners were executed by the Dutch in Batavia on 10 October 1740.
2302:
2218:
1781:
1699:
1688:
1615:
1571:
1541:
652:
582:
545:
144:
2778:
In art and culture, the Mataram Sultanate has left an everlasting mark in
2390:
In 1741, Chinese rebels were present in Central Java, particularly around
2374:
5113:
5108:
5001:
4945:
4600:
4521:
4102:
3890:
3777:
3752:
3677:
3672:
3637:
2186:
1836:) and Jagaraga (north of present-day Magetan). He reached east as far as
769:
692:
494:
222:
3527:
2901:
5229:
5156:
5075:
4845:
4538:
4467:
4295:
4187:
3927:
3865:
3782:
3652:
3632:
3608:
2758:
2571:
2526:
tradition, while the Islamic beliefs was held by a handful of kiyai or
2457:
2322:
2110:
2031:
1833:
1817:
1800:
1792:
is a Muslim cleric who is well educated and tend to be well-respected.
1754:
1710:
1684:
1680:
1627:
712:
3497:
1820:
that would bring endless conflicts. In 1586, the wealthy port city of
4980:
4850:
4820:
4805:
4615:
4552:
4546:
4482:
4381:
4247:
3598:
3442:
2583:
2487:
2255:
2168:
1832:. Perhaps during the same time he also conquered Jipang (present day
1785:
1750:
1698:
The dates for events before the Siege of Batavia during the reign of
1635:
722:
672:
622:
525:
416:
201:
189:
31:
77:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
5247:
5242:
5143:
4975:
4800:
4579:
4557:
4528:
4472:
3997:
2816:
2766:
2439:
2399:
2314:
2290:
2269:
2247:
2243:
2230:
2172:
2098:
2027:
2023:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1642:
1619:
504:
2434:
1753:, the former capital of the Mataram Sultanate, founded in 1582 by
5252:
4950:
4930:
4462:
4445:
4408:
4403:
4369:
3510:
3505:
2874:
2830:
2821:
2783:
2771:
2591:
2539:
2523:
2514:
2510:
2281:
Amangkurat II died in 1703 and was briefly succeeded by his son,
2129:
2074:
2011:
592:
2088:
30:
This article is about a historic kingdom on Java in what is now
5262:
5257:
4965:
4562:
4511:
4506:
4440:
4413:
4398:
4374:
4364:
4123:
3515:
2731:. The incident is referred to in Javanese as 'Palihan Nagari'.
2607:
2094:
2093:
In 1630, Mataram crushed a rebellion in Tembayat (southeast of
2003:
1984:
1866:
1825:
1777:
702:
196:
5237:
5171:
5098:
4960:
4610:
4345:
4340:
3835:
3396:
Mangunwijaya Y.B. 1983. Rara Mendut. Jakarta : Gramedia.
2834:
2787:
2603:
2543:
2527:
2318:
2264:
2239:
2122:
2106:
2015:
1845:
1667:
1524:
572:
1521:
5166:
4770:
4605:
4585:
4330:
3327:"Catur Sagotra Nusantara, untuk Melestarikan Empat Keraton"
3220:
Saat 6.000 Ulama dan Keluarga Dibantai Sultan Mataram Islam
2791:
2547:
2114:
1512:
2614:
or asceticism, and many did contest the kings of Mataram.
1990:
1641:
A common practice in Java is to refer to their kingdom by
2050:
4301:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
2837:
also flourished. It is probably during this times that
2617:
2097:) and in 1631–36, Mataram had to suppress rebellion of
1776:
was awarded rule of the land of Mataram by the King of
2858:
2804:
2187:
Amangkurat II and the beginning of foreign involvement
1917:
1547:
Mataram reached its peak of power during the reign of
1769:). In the 1570s, one of Ki Ageng Sela's descendants,
2474:
The kingdom of Mataram was divided in 1755 under an
1518:
2775:, also would lead to Surakarta–Yogyakarta rivalry.
1515:
1509:
3222:, Tirto.id, 24 October 2017, retrieved 26 May 2018
2877:behaving like the member of Javanese upper class.
1614:refers to the historical areas of plains south of
2782:, as many of Javanese cultural elements, such as
5387:
2727:Mataram was divided in 1755, as a result of the
112:
2634:was only used in 1641-1645 during the reign of
2337:
1741:
4763:
3948:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
2622:The kings of Mataram initially held the title
2153:Upon taking the throne, Agung's son Susuhunan
1675:(VOC). The problems with traditional Javanese
1649:. The later kingdom, however, is often called
126:
4749:
3458:
3230:
3228:
2478:between the Dutch under the Governor General
2089:Cracking down rebellions and eastern campaign
1903:
1480:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3154:
3152:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
1691:as his spiritual consort, as claimed in the
3278:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200
1595:
431:The incident is referred to in Javanese as
4756:
4742:
3465:
3451:
3424:A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200
3225:
1910:
1896:
1872:The first contact between Mataram and the
1487:
1473:
174:
3182:
3167:
3149:
3125:
3101:
3075:
3055:
2999:
2596:Sri Bupati, Sri Narendra, Sang Aji, Prabu
93:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Kingdom on the island of Java (1586–1755)
3356:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3237:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3206:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3176:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3161:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3143:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3119:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3095:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3069:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
3018:"Mataram, Historical kingdom, Indonesia"
2505:
2433:
2373:
2363:
2196:
2144:
2081:In 1628, Agung and his armies began the
2065:Siege of Batavia by Sultan Agung in 1628
2060:
1745:
3426:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
2438:The divided Mataram in 1830, after the
1991:Surabaya campaign and eastern conquests
1736:
14:
5388:
3958:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
3472:
3290:
2429:
2140:
2051:Batavia campaign and western conquests
1807:
4737:
3446:
3324:
3212:
2276:
1891:
4078:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
3953:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
3275:
3234:
3203:
3173:
3158:
3140:
3116:
3092:
3066:
2618:List of Susuhunan (Kings) of Mataram
2577:
2517:, were developed during Mataram era.
2128:In 1645 Sultan Agung began building
42:
3325:Media, Kompas Cyber (18 May 2013).
2667:/ Sunan Tegalarum) : 1646–1677
1880:(His Majesty who Died in Krapyak).
1634:. More precisely, it refers to the
24:
2530:religious elite clustering around
2496:Pangeran Arya Adipati Mangkunegara
1564:Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
25:
5432:
4306:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
3589:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
3393:Depdikbud. 1980. Serat Trunajaya.
2688:/ Sunan Ngalaga) : 1704–1719
2660:/ Sultan Agung) : 1613–1645)
2653:/ Sunan Krapyak) : 1601–1613
2301:Pangeran Puger took the title of
2221:just after his expulsion, making
1660:
1532:) was the last major independent
141:نَاڮَارِي كَسُلْطَانَن مَاتَارَام
3526:
2950:
2944:Duchy of Mangkunagaran Surakarta
2936:
2922:
2908:
2894:
2880:
2849:also used to write Sundanese as
2729:Third Javanese War of Succession
2716:/ Sunan Kumbul) : 1743–1749
2709:/ Sunan Kuning) : 1742–1743
2702:/ Sunan Kumbul) : 1726–1742
2307:First Javanese War of Succession
1721:do not always match the annals.
1505:
1456:
466:
424:
396:
382:
368:
343:
160:
47:
5406:Precolonial states of Indonesia
3318:
3284:
3269:
3243:
2674:/ Sunan Amral) : 1677–1703
2205:(upper right) watching warlord
2030:, Surabaya's ally in southwest
1947:Trunajaya rebellion (1674–1680)
1553:
4311:December 2016 Jakarta protests
4192:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
3257:(in Indonesian). 24 April 2021
3035:
2978:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
2958:Duchy of Pakualaman Yogyakarta
2695:/ Sunan Jawi) : 1719–1726
1169:French and British interregnum
13:
1:
3963:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
3402:(general ed.), et al. (2006)
2988:
2719:Raden Mas Gustisuriyakusuma (
2681:/ Sunan Mas) : 1703–1704
2209:fighting Captain Tack of the
1883:
4723:National Heroes of Indonesia
4649:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
4178:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
4005:Muslim Students' Association
3758:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
2465:Mangkubumi rebellion in 1749
2338:Court intrigues in 1723–1741
2175:led by Kraeng Galesong. The
2105:The sultan also launched a "
2073:and the Dutch settlement in
1997:Mataram conquest of Surabaya
1742:Establishment of the Kingdom
1671:, and Dutch accounts by the
1577:
1057:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
426:
7:
5416:Islamic states in Indonesia
4644:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
2971:
2859:
2805:
2476:agreement signed in Giyanti
1878:Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak
564:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
73:the claims made and adding
10:
5437:
4764:Former states in Indonesia
3550:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
3348:
3251:"Kesultanan Mataram Islam"
2738:
2723:/ Sunan Prabhu) :1749-1755
2536:Javanese cultural elements
2501:
2494:Palace, and the title of "
2385:10,000 Chinese were killed
2367:
2190:
2149:Jousting in Mataram, 1676.
2135:
2109:" against the still-Hindu
2054:
1994:
1981:Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo
1967:3rd Succession (1749–1757)
1957:2nd Succession (1719–1723)
1952:1st Succession (1704–1708)
1731:
1549:Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo
1238:United States of Indonesia
1075:Chinese Kongsi federations
29:
5360:
5271:
5228:
5190:
5142:
5074:
4989:
4938:
4929:
4869:
4778:
4769:
4708:
4677:
4631:
4571:
4431:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
4323:
4291:Maluku sectarian conflict
4256:
4168:
4161:
4149:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
4116:
4065:
3920:
3913:
3901:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
3796:
3713:
3542:
3535:
3524:
3480:
2734:
1932:
1536:kingdom on the island of
1389:Javanese historical texts
422:
412:
322:
318:
305:
295:
291:
283:
279:
264:
249:
245:
238:King (Susuhunan / Sultan)
237:
229:
218:
208:
185:
173:
157:
152:
140:
127:
107:
4226:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
4108:United Development Party
4098:Prosperous Justice Party
4088:National Awakening Party
3968:Indonesian Ulema Council
3621:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
3297:. Kanisius. p. 53.
2993:
2983:List of monarchs of Java
2721:Susuhunan Pakubuwono III
2679:Susuhunan Amangkurat III
2486:, under Mangkubumi, and
2227:Dutch East India Company
2211:Dutch East India Company
2203:Amangkurat II of Mataram
1874:Dutch East India Company
1856:The reign of Panembahan
1673:Dutch East India Company
1574:of the company by 1749.
1560:Dutch East India Company
1149:Dutch East India Company
790:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
36:Mataram (disambiguation)
4183:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
3978:Islamic Defenders Front
3943:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
3933:Campus Dakwah Institute
3239:. Kanisius. p. 69.
3208:. Kanisius. p. 68.
3178:. Kanisius. p. 63.
3163:. Kanisius. p. 62.
3145:. Kanisius. p. 60.
3121:. Kanisius. p. 61.
3097:. Kanisius. p. 56.
3071:. Kanisius. p. 55.
3022:Encyclopædia Britannica
2753:, and the princedom of
2714:Susuhunan Pakubuwono II
2712:Raden Mas Prabasuyasa (
2700:Susuhunan Pakubuwono II
2698:Raden Mas Prabasuyasa (
2693:Susuhunan Amangkurat IV
2672:Susuhunan Amangkurat II
2658:Susuhunan Anyokrokusumo
2566:, and the princedom of
2295:Panembahan Cakraningrat
4276:Tanjung Priok massacre
4134:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
4093:National Mandate Party
3871:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
3291:Mulder, Niels (2005).
2707:Susuhunan Amangkurat V
2691:Raden Mas Suryaputra (
2686:Susuhunan Pakubuwono I
2665:Susuhunan Amangkurat I
2518:
2443:
2379:
2214:
2150:
2066:
2047:busied by rebellions.
1758:
1757:(Panembahan Senapati).
1687:, the ruler of Java's
1200:Emergence of Indonesia
113:
34:. For other uses, see
3983:Liberal Islam Network
3973:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
3748:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
3663:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
3422:Ricklefs, M.C. 2001.
3383:Cosmopolis and Nation
2651:Susuhunan Anyokrowati
2509:
2437:
2377:
2364:Chinese War 1741–1743
2200:
2191:Further information:
2148:
2064:
2055:Further information:
1749:
1255:Republic of Indonesia
1121:European colonization
1020:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
209:Common languages
5192:Lesser Sunda Islands
4718:History of Indonesia
4713:Mosques in Indonesia
4241:Yogyakarta Sultanate
3806:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
3743:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
3728:Abdul Karim Amrullah
3377:Modern Asian Studies
2930:Yogyakarta Sultanate
2663:Raden Mas Sayyidin (
2484:Yogyakarta Sultanate
2370:Java War (1741–1743)
2069:Along western Java,
1937:Surabaya (1614–1625)
1737:Formation and Growth
1501:Sultanate of Mataram
1463:Indonesia portal
1084:Heshun Confederation
1000:Yogyakarta Sultanate
930:Kalinyamat Sultanate
900:Sultanate of Jailolo
870:Sultanate of Ternate
583:Tarumanagara Kingdom
378:Yogyakarta Sultanate
109:Sultanate of Mataram
18:Sultanate of Mataram
4281:Talangsari incident
4073:Crescent Star Party
3831:Abdullah Gymnastiar
2705:Raden Mas Garendi (
2684:Raden Mas Darajat (
2677:Raden Mas Sutikna (
2656:Raden Mas Jatmika (
2644:Panembahan Senopati
2642:Danang Sutawijaya (
2430:Division of Mataram
2193:Trunajaya rebellion
2177:Trunajaya rebellion
2141:Struggles for power
1942:Batavia (1628–1629)
1808:The rise of Mataram
1681:Panembahan Senapati
1618:around present-day
1570:). It had become a
1228:National Revolution
1218:Japanese occupation
1104:Santiaogou Republic
970:Palembang Sultanate
890:Sultanate of Tidore
760:Peureulak Sultanate
693:Dharmasraya Kingdom
4286:Insurgency in Aceh
4206:Kingdom of Kaimana
3988:Majelis Rasulullah
3768:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
3700:Burhanuddin Ulakan
3604:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
3579:Yusuf al-Makassari
3474:Islam in Indonesia
3354:Soekmono, Drs. R.
3218:Ivan Aulia Ahsan,
2916:Surakarta Sunanate
2839:Sundanese language
2815:principalities of
2670:Raden Mas Rahmat (
2649:Raden Mas Jolang (
2646:) : 1586–1601
2519:
2444:
2380:
2277:Wars of succession
2215:
2213:(VOC). ca 1684 AD.
2151:
2067:
1759:
1655:Kingdom of Mataram
1307:1998–present
1208:National Awakening
1038:Christian kingdoms
1004:1755–present
994:1745–present
990:Surakarta Sunanate
960:Kingdom of Kaimana
914:1526–present
880:Sultanate of Bacan
800:Pagaruyung Kingdom
741:Islamic sultanates
633:Shailendra Dynasty
364:Surakarta Sunanate
297:• Coronation
114:Kesultanan Mataram
58:possibly contains
5411:Former sultanates
5396:Mataram Sultanate
5383:
5382:
5070:
5069:
4925:
4924:
4731:
4730:
4622:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
4319:
4318:
4271:Petition of Fifty
4231:Ternate Sultanate
4221:Mataram Sultanate
4216:Malacca Sultanate
4157:
4156:
4066:Political parties
4052:Sumatera Thawalib
4042:Rabithah Alawiyah
3909:
3908:
3896:Abdurrahman Wahid
3851:Nurcholish Madjid
3690:Ali Mughayat Syah
3685:Abdurrauf Singkil
3658:Sunan Gunung Jati
3594:Abdullah al-Misri
3562:Nawawi al-Bantani
3366:. (in Indonesian)
3044:by Dr. J.J. Ras.
2843:Javanese language
2578:Javanese kingship
2480:Nicolaas Hartingh
2034:in 1622, and the
1975:
1974:
1924:Mataram Sultanate
1782:Sultan Hadiwijaya
1497:
1496:
1311:
1310:
1263:Liberal democracy
1246:
1245:
1191:
1190:
1179:Dutch East Indies
1112:
1111:
1065:
1064:
1047:Larantuka Kingdom
1028:
1027:
940:Mataram Sultanate
840:Cirebon Sultanate
820:Malacca Sultanate
780:Ternate Sultanate
731:
730:
713:Singhasari Empire
707:1000s–1300s
673:Kahuripan Kingdom
554:
553:
440:
439:
408:
407:
404:
403:
392:Dutch East Indies
356:
355:
351:Kingdom of Pajang
309:Treaty of Giyanti
266:• 1743–1749
251:• 1586–1601
194:Karta (1613–1645)
103:
102:
95:
60:original research
16:(Redirected from
5428:
5421:Island countries
5333:
5316:
5299:
5220:Solor Watan Lema
5104:Lanfang Republic
4936:
4935:
4776:
4775:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4700:Central Sulawesi
4542:
4525:
4498:
4486:
4395:
4354:Babad Tanah Jawi
4236:Tidore Sultanate
4166:
4165:
4139:Jamaah Islamiyah
4057:Wahdah Islamiyah
4027:Nahdlatul Wathan
3918:
3917:
3886:Said Aqil Siradj
3816:Abu Bakar Bashir
3629:
3570:
3558:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3053:
3042:Babad Tanah Jawi
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3014:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2912:
2898:
2862:
2847:Javanese scripts
2808:
2780:Javanese culture
2763:authoritarianism
2588:divine authority
2586:), or from God (
2463:In the midst of
2083:siege of Batavia
2057:Siege of Batavia
2036:island of Madura
1962:Java (1741–1743)
1927:
1925:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1726:Siege of Batavia
1693:Babad Tanah Jawi
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1557:
1556: 1613–1645
1555:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1273:Guided Democracy
1259:
1258:
1204:
1203:
1125:
1124:
1094:Lanfang Republic
1080:
1079:
1043:
1042:
964:1600s–1926
954:1528s–1877
920:Banjar Sultanate
910:Banten Sultanate
894:1500s–1967
810:Brunei Sultanate
746:
745:
723:Majapahit Empire
623:Srivijaya Empire
603:Kalingga Kingdom
569:
568:
536:Toba catastrophe
519:94,000–12,000 BP
490:
489:
470:
460:
442:
441:
430:
400:
399:
386:
385:
372:
371:
360:
359:
347:
346:
340:
339:
324:
323:
314:13 February 1755
269:
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138:
130:
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98:
91:
87:
84:
78:
75:inline citations
51:
50:
43:
21:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5401:History of Java
5386:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5356:
5327:
5310:
5293:
5267:
5224:
5186:
5138:
5066:
4985:
4921:
4907:Sumedang Larang
4865:
4765:
4762:
4732:
4727:
4704:
4673:
4659:Jemaah Tarbiyah
4654:Jama’ah Tabligh
4639:Islam Nusantara
4627:
4567:
4536:
4519:
4492:
4480:
4424:Istiqlal Mosque
4389:
4315:
4266:Jakarta Charter
4258:
4252:
4201:Demak Sultanate
4170:
4153:
4112:
4061:
4010:Nahdlatul Ulama
3905:
3861:Mohammad Natsir
3798:
3792:
3715:
3709:
3705:Usman bin Yahya
3623:
3614:Tuanku Tambusai
3564:
3552:
3531:
3522:
3476:
3471:
3400:Miksic, John N.
3351:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3333:(in Indonesian)
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3289:
3285:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3233:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3202:
3183:
3172:
3168:
3157:
3150:
3139:
3126:
3115:
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3091:
3076:
3065:
3056:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2946:
2941:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2913:
2904:
2899:
2883:
2845:. In addition,
2743:
2737:
2630:, the title of
2620:
2580:
2504:
2432:
2412:Cakraningrat IV
2372:
2366:
2357:Cakraningrat IV
2340:
2287:Untung Suropati
2279:
2207:Untung Surapati
2195:
2189:
2169:Raden Trunajaya
2143:
2138:
2091:
2059:
2053:
1999:
1993:
1976:
1971:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1886:
1810:
1774:Gedhe Pamanahan
1744:
1739:
1734:
1719:candrasengkalas
1663:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1580:
1552:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1297:1967–1998
1287:1966–1967
1277:1959–1966
1267:1950–1959
1256:
1248:
1247:
1242:1949–1950
1232:1945–1949
1222:1942–1945
1212:1908–1942
1201:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:1945–1949
1185:
1184:1800–1942
1173:1806–1816
1163:1685–1824
1153:1602–1799
1143:1521–1677
1133:1512–1850
1122:
1114:
1113:
1108:1777–1853
1098:1777–1884
1088:1776–1854
1077:
1067:
1066:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1024:1824–1911
1014:1814–1946
984:1725–1946
974:1659–1823
950:Johor Sultanate
944:1586–1755
934:1527–1599
924:1526–1863
904:1496–1903
884:1515–1946
874:1486–1914
864:1496–1903
854:1475–1554
850:Demak Sultanate
844:1445–1677
834:1405–1851
824:1400–1511
814:1368–1888
804:1347–1833
794:1267–1521
784:1257–1914
774:1225–1613
750:Spread of Islam
743:
733:
732:
727:1293–1527
717:1222–1292
697:1183–1347
687:1045–1221
677:1019–1045
643:Mataram Kingdom
566:
556:
555:
487:
458:
451:
436:
397:
383:
369:
344:
311:
298:
270:
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110:
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88:
82:
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64:
52:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5434:
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5154:
5148:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5052:Samudera Pasai
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4939:Hindu/Buddhist
4933:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4779:Hindu/Buddhist
4773:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4669:Traditionalist
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4531:
4526:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4487:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4457:Sejarah Banten
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Gowa Sultanate
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:Aceh Sultanate
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Quraish Shihab
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Harun Nasution
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3826:Djohan Effendi
3823:
3818:
3813:
3811:Azyumardi Azra
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Hasyim Asy'ari
3730:
3725:
3723:Abdullah Ahmad
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3695:Tuanku Nan Tuo
3692:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Sunan Kalijaga
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Hamzah Fansuri
3571:
3559:
3546:
3544:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:Old divisions
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3379:31(3):711–734.
3373:
3370:
3367:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3317:
3303:
3283:
3280:. p. 100.
3268:
3242:
3224:
3211:
3181:
3166:
3148:
3124:
3100:
3074:
3054:
3052:. 34:100–36:1.
3034:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2800:Javanese dance
2736:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2619:
2616:
2579:
2576:
2556:Javanese dance
2503:
2500:
2449:Raden Mas Said
2431:
2428:
2368:Main article:
2365:
2362:
2339:
2336:
2283:Amangkurat III
2278:
2275:
2188:
2185:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2090:
2087:
2052:
2049:
2026:and capturing
1995:Main article:
1992:
1989:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1809:
1806:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1715:candrasengkala
1683:with mythical
1662:
1661:Historiography
1659:
1579:
1576:
1540:before it was
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:Deli Sultanate
1006:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
986:
985:
982:
980:Siak Sultanate
976:
975:
972:
966:
965:
962:
956:
955:
952:
946:
945:
942:
936:
935:
932:
926:
925:
922:
916:
915:
912:
906:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
876:
875:
872:
866:
865:
862:
860:Aceh Sultanate
856:
855:
852:
846:
845:
842:
836:
835:
832:
830:Sulu Sultanate
826:
825:
822:
816:
815:
812:
806:
805:
802:
796:
795:
792:
786:
785:
782:
776:
775:
772:
766:
765:
764:840–1292
762:
756:
755:
754:800–1600
752:
744:
739:
738:
735:
734:
729:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
709:
708:
705:
703:Pannai Kingdom
699:
698:
695:
689:
688:
685:
683:Kediri Kingdom
679:
678:
675:
669:
668:
667:932–1579
665:
659:
658:
657:914–1908
655:
649:
648:
647:716–1016
645:
639:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
619:
618:
615:
613:Melayu Kingdom
609:
608:
605:
599:
598:
595:
589:
588:
585:
579:
578:
575:
567:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
529:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
507:
501:
500:
498:
488:
483:
482:
479:
478:
472:
471:
463:
462:
453:
452:
445:
438:
437:
433:Palihan Nagari
423:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
394:
388:
387:
380:
374:
373:
366:
357:
354:
353:
348:
336:
335:
330:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
276:
271:
265:
262:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
187:
183:
182:
179:
171:
170:
167:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
149:
111:
108:
101:
100:
55:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5433:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Tabligh Akbar
4500:
4496:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Masyumi Party
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:Sarekat Islam
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:Civil society
3919:
3916:
3914:Organizations
3912:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Kartosoewirjo
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3788:Tjokroaminoto
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Mohammad Roem
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:Awakening era
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:Major figures
3534:
3529:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3432:0-8047-4480-7
3429:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:981-261-226-2
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3364:979-413-291-8
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3306:
3304:9789792109498
3300:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3272:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3050:90-6765-218-0
3047:
3043:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2902:Catur Sagotra
2897:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2881:Catur Sagotra
2878:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:Mangkunegaran
2752:
2748:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:Anyokrokusumo
2633:
2629:
2626:and then the
2625:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:Mangkunegaran
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:Mangkunegaran
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:Pakubuwana II
2335:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:Amangkurat II
2220:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2181:Amangkurat II
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2147:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1919:Campaigns of
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:Southern Seas
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:Mataram Islam
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1502:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
971:
968:
967:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
747:
742:
737:
736:
726:
724:
721:
720:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:
663:Sunda Kingdom
661:
660:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
644:
641:
640:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
604:
601:
600:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
573:Kutai Kingdom
571:
570:
565:
560:
559:
549:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
528:
527:
523:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
497:
496:
492:
491:
486:
481:
480:
477:
474:
473:
469:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
449:
444:
443:
434:
429:
428:
421:
418:
415:
413:Today part of
411:
395:
393:
390:
389:
381:
379:
376:
375:
367:
365:
362:
361:
358:
352:
349:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
304:
300:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
274:Pakubuwono II
272:
263:
260:
257:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:(syncretized)
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
198:
191:
188:
184:
177:
172:
163:
156:
151:
146:
136:
122:
115:
106:
97:
94:
86:
76:
72:
68:
62:
61:
56:This article
54:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5320:South Maluku
4896:
4861:Tarumanagara
4690:West Sumatra
4620:
4596:Kitab kuning
4591:Jamiat Kheir
4578:
4545:
4455:
4352:
4336:Architecture
4259:independence
4220:
4171:independence
4144:Laskar Jihad
3993:Muhammadiyah
3938:Hidayatullah
3841:Wahid Hasyim
3821:Idham Chalid
3799:independence
3763:Haji Misbach
3738:Ahmad Dahlan
3648:Sunan Drajat
3643:Sunan Bonang
3584:Malikussaleh
3440:
3423:
3403:
3376:
3355:
3335:. Retrieved
3330:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3293:
3286:
3277:
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3255:ilmusaku.com
3254:
3245:
3236:
3214:
3205:
3175:
3169:
3160:
3142:
3118:
3094:
3068:
3041:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
2966:
2884:
2870:Javanisation
2865:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2827:Wayang Golek
2820:
2803:
2796:wayang kulit
2777:
2770:
2744:
2741:Javanisation
2726:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2599:
2595:
2581:
2552:wayang kulit
2531:
2520:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2453:Mangkunagara
2445:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2389:
2381:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2332:
2328:
2311:
2303:Pakubuwana I
2300:
2280:
2261:
2250:to the VOC.
2236:
2216:
2165:
2155:Amangkurat I
2152:
2127:
2120:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2040:
2020:
2000:
1977:
1922:
1877:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1700:Sultan Agung
1697:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1616:Mount Merapi
1611:
1605:Land of Java
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1572:vassal state
1567:
1563:
1546:
1500:
1498:
1445:
1404:Christianity
939:
653:Bali Kingdom
546:Buni culture
524:
509:1,000,000 BP
493:
432:
425:
333:Succeeded by
332:
327:
89:
83:January 2015
80:
57:
40:
5328: [
5311: [
5308:Negeri Soya
5294: [
5134:Tanjungpura
5114:Negara Daha
5109:Negara Dipa
5047:Riau-Lingga
4946:Dharmasraya
4601:Kota santri
4537: [
4520: [
4493: [
4481: [
4390: [
4129:Darul Islam
4103:Ummah Party
3891:Abdul Somad
3881:Ma'ruf Amin
3778:Rasuna Said
3753:Mas Mansoer
3678:Sunan Murya
3673:Sunan Kudus
3638:Sunan Ampel
3624: [
3565: [
3553: [
3543:Classic era
2394:(Welahan),
2323:metric tons
1858:Anyokrowati
1369:Archaeology
1364:Agriculture
770:Aru Kingdom
495:Paleolithic
457:History of
328:Preceded by
223:Sunni Islam
204:(1680–1755)
199:(1646–1680)
192:(1586–1613)
5390:Categories
5325:Tanah Hitu
5230:West Timor
5076:Kalimantan
5042:Pagaruyung
4917:Yogyakarta
4892:Kalinyamat
4846:Singhasari
4841:Shailendra
4786:Blambangan
4468:Serak Gulo
4446:Sholawatan
4296:Poso riots
4188:Wali Sanga
3928:Alkhairaat
3866:Amien Rais
3783:Agus Salim
3653:Sunan Giri
3633:Wali Sanga
3609:Tuanku Rao
3488:Shia Islam
3337:1 February
3331:KOMPAS.com
3310:7 November
3276:ricklefs.
3235:Soekmono.
3204:Soekmono.
3174:Soekmono.
3159:Soekmono.
3141:Soekmono.
3117:Soekmono.
3093:Soekmono.
3067:Soekmono.
2989:References
2759:Pakualaman
2751:Yogyakarta
2739:See also:
2624:panembahan
2572:Pakualaman
2564:Yogyakarta
2538:, such as
2458:Mangkubumi
2111:Blambangan
2032:Kalimantan
1884:Golden age
1834:Bojonegoro
1818:Solo River
1801:Sutawijaya
1755:Sutawijaya
1711:chronogram
1685:Ratu Kidul
1628:Yogyakarta
1592:Tanah Jawi
1588:Bhumi Jawa
1426:Mass media
1303:Reform era
1283:Transition
1129:Portuguese
515:Flores Man
485:Prehistory
230:Government
121:Indonesian
67:improve it
5210:Larantuka
5119:Pontianak
5037:Palembang
4981:Srivijaya
4971:Samaskuta
4912:Surakarta
4851:Srivijaya
4821:Majapahit
4806:Kahuripan
4695:East Java
4678:By region
4664:Modernist
4632:Movements
4616:Pesantren
4572:Education
4553:Wetu Telu
4547:Tombo Ati
4534:Tirakatan
4409:Manakiban
4248:Padri War
3714:National
3493:Ahmadiyya
3027:1 January
2851:cacarakan
2825:culture.
2813:Sundanese
2747:Surakarta
2628:susuhunan
2600:binathara
2584:Democracy
2560:Surakarta
2488:Surakarta
2404:Kaliwungu
2256:Kartasura
2160:massacred
1786:Surakarta
1751:Kota Gede
1636:Kota Gede
1632:Prambanan
1582:The name
1578:Etymology
1542:colonised
1384:Education
1293:New Order
1061:1670–1950
1051:1515–1904
637:600s–900s
627:600s–1025
617:600s–1347
607:500s–600s
597:400s-500s
587:400s–500s
540:75,000 BP
526:Neolithic
459:Indonesia
417:Indonesia
219:Religion
202:Kartosuro
190:Kota Gede
153:1586–1755
143: (
128:ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦩꦠꦫꦩ꧀
71:verifying
32:Indonesia
5375:Salawati
5248:Amanuban
5243:Amanatun
5144:Sulawesi
5094:Bulungan
4976:Sanfotsi
4811:Kalingga
4801:Janggala
4580:Al-Munir
4558:Yaqowiyu
4529:Tausiyah
4517:Takbiran
4512:Tahlilan
4473:Slametan
4360:Costumes
4015:GP Ansor
3998:Aisyiyah
3481:Branches
3261:25 April
2972:See also
2817:Priangan
2772:Keratons
2767:Priangan
2515:Keratons
2440:Java War
2400:Grobogan
2315:monopoly
2291:Pasuruan
2270:Ambonese
2248:Priangan
2244:Karawang
2231:Semarang
2173:Makassar
2107:holy war
2099:Sumedang
2028:Sukadana
2024:Java Sea
1983:("Great
1838:Pasuruan
1830:Ponorogo
1822:Surabaya
1797:Pangeran
1643:metonymy
1620:Muntilan
1562:(Dutch:
1534:Javanese
1431:Military
1409:Hinduism
1399:Buddhism
1394:Religion
1374:Currency
1357:By topic
577:350–1605
505:Java Man
476:Timeline
448:a series
446:Part of
259:Senopati
233:Monarchy
213:Javanese
135:Javanese
5370:Kaimana
5347:Jailolo
5337:Ternate
5291:Huamual
5286:Honimoa
5253:Amarasi
5177:Banggai
5129:Sarawak
5057:Serdang
5032:Malacca
5027:Langkat
4990:Islamic
4951:Kantoli
4931:Sumatra
4897:Mataram
4882:Cirebon
4870:Islamic
4836:Sanjaya
4826:Mataram
4563:Yasinan
4490:Suronan
4463:Sekaten
4436:Qasidah
4419:Mosques
4404:Lebaran
4370:Songkok
4324:Culture
4162:History
4117:Militia
3511:Priyayi
3506:Abangan
3498:Kejawèn
3349:Sources
2875:priyayi
2860:keraton
2831:gamelan
2822:Kejawen
2806:keraton
2784:gamelan
2608:shamans
2592:mandala
2540:gamelan
2524:Kejawen
2511:Serimpi
2502:Culture
2392:Tanjung
2252:Cirebon
2201:Sultan
2136:Decline
2130:Imogiri
2075:Batavia
2044:Cirebon
2012:Rembang
2010:, near
1842:Cirebon
1732:History
1713:called
1707:kratons
1647:Mataram
1612:Mataram
1599:
1584:Mataram
1419:Judaism
1379:Economy
1344:Bandung
1329:Jakarta
1321:Regions
1159:British
1139:Spanish
593:Kantoli
550:400 BCE
307:•
284:History
253:(first)
186:Capital
65:Please
5342:Tidore
5303:Loloda
5273:Maluku
5263:Wehali
5258:Sonbai
5215:Mengwi
5124:Sambas
5089:Brunei
5084:Banjar
5007:Asahan
4966:Pannai
4956:Malayu
4902:Pajang
4877:Banten
4831:Rajasa
4816:Kediri
4796:Ishana
4507:Tabuik
4478:Suroan
4441:Rebana
4414:Maulid
4399:Kauman
4382:Hadroh
4375:Sarong
4365:Kupiah
4124:Banser
4032:PERSIS
4020:JATMAN
3516:Santri
3430:
3410:
3362:
3301:
3048:
2735:Legacy
2632:sultan
2604:dukuns
2532:Kauman
2402:, and
2095:Klaten
2071:Banten
2004:Malang
1985:Sultan
1867:Gresik
1850:Banten
1826:Madiun
1814:sembah
1778:Pajang
1630:, and
1624:Sleman
450:on the
287:
268:(last)
241:
197:Plered
131:
117:
5362:Papua
5352:Bacan
5332:]
5315:]
5298:]
5238:Amabi
5162:Buton
5099:Kutai
5022:Johor
5017:Jambi
4961:Mauli
4887:Demak
4856:Sunda
4791:Galuh
4611:LIPIA
4541:]
4524:]
4497:]
4485:]
4451:Saman
4394:]
4387:Khaul
4346:Tajug
4341:Bedug
4257:Post-
4037:PERTI
3836:Hamka
3797:Post-
3628:]
3599:Padri
3569:]
3557:]
2994:Notes
2835:batik
2788:batik
2544:batik
2528:ulama
2319:opium
2317:over
2265:Johor
2240:Bogor
2219:Tegal
2123:Mecca
2016:Tuban
2008:Lasem
1862:circa
1846:Galuh
1767:Demak
1677:Babad
1668:Babad
1441:Women
1436:Sport
1414:Islam
1339:Bogor
145:Pegon
5205:Bima
5200:Bali
5182:Suai
5172:Wajo
5167:Luwu
5157:Bone
5152:Gowa
5062:Siak
5012:Deli
4997:Aceh
4771:Java
4685:Aceh
4606:Kyai
4586:Iqro
4331:Adat
4169:Pre-
3428:ISBN
3408:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3339:2021
3312:2013
3299:ISBN
3263:2021
3046:ISBN
3029:2015
2866:alus
2833:and
2798:and
2792:kris
2757:and
2749:and
2612:tapa
2570:and
2562:and
2554:and
2548:kris
2396:Pati
2246:and
2115:Bali
1921:the
1844:and
1790:kyai
1771:Kyai
1596:lit.
1538:Java
1499:The
1334:Bali
301:1586
168:Flag
5281:Iha
5002:Aru
2606:or
2289:in
1610:).
1590:or
1568:VOC
1522:ɑːr
69:by
5392::
5330:id
5313:id
5296:id
4539:id
4522:id
4495:id
4483:id
4392:id
3626:id
3567:id
3555:id
3329:.
3253:.
3227:^
3184:^
3151:^
3127:^
3103:^
3077:^
3057:^
3020:.
3001:^
2853:.
2794:,
2790:,
2786:,
2638:.
2550:,
2546:,
2542:,
2398:,
2293:.
2242:,
1780:,
1695:.
1657:.
1626:,
1622:,
1566:;
1554:r.
1525:əm
427:^1
4757:e
4750:t
4743:v
3466:e
3459:t
3452:v
3434:.
3341:.
3314:.
3265:.
3031:.
2809:s
2442:.
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1860:(
1608:'
1602:'
1594:(
1551:(
1528:/
1519:t
1516:ˈ
1513:ə
1510:m
1507:/
1503:(
1488:e
1481:t
1474:v
435:.
147:)
137:)
133:(
123:)
119:(
96:)
90:(
85:)
81:(
63:.
38:.
20:)
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