922:. The Swing Around the Circle's impact was apparent even in the articles of impeachment, with the tenth of eleven articles charging that the President "did...make and declare, with a loud voice certain intemperate, inflammatory, and scandalous harangues, and therein utter loud threats and bitter menaces, as well against Congress as the laws of the United States duly enacted thereby, amid the cries, jeers and laughter of the multitudes then assembled in hearing." The article was specifically seen as being in response to speeches delivered in Washington on August 18, Cleveland on September 3, and St. Louis on September 8, 1866. During the impeachment trial, a number of reporters and other individuals were called on April 3 and 4, during the prosecution's presentation, to testify about speeches Johnson had made, including one in Washington, D.C., on August 18, 1866 (shortly before the commencement of the Swing Around the Circle) and in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 3, 1866 (during the Swing Around the Circle). The impeachment managers neglected to bring the tenth article to a vote in the Senate when it became clear that it had insufficient support to result in a conviction.
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460:'s promise to benevolently "bind up the nation's wounds" after the war was won. However, as Congress began enacting legislation to guarantee the rights of former slaves, former slaveowner Johnson refocused on actions (including vetoes of civil rights legislation and mass pardoning of former Confederate officials) that resulted in severe oppression of freed slaves in the Southern states, as well as the return of high-ranking Confederate officials and pre-war aristocrats to power in state and federal government. The policies had infuriated the Radical Republicans in Congress and gradually alienated the moderates, who along with Democrats had been Johnson's base of congressional support, to the point that by 1866 the Congress had gathered enough antipathy towards the President to enact the first override of a Presidential veto in over twenty years, salvaging a bill that extended the life of the
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tension and excitement. Taking advantage of the anonymity granted by the hour and the crowd, Radical sympathizers unmercifully heckled the
President...Repeatedly Johnson let himself be carried away by the occasion. His Cleveland and St. Louis speeches approach the ultimate in audience adaptation as the situation—balcony, gas lights, torches, noisy crowd drew him into long and contentious speeches. His topics were forced upon him by friendly and unfriendly calls from the crowd. Warming to his subject and faced by an audience willing and anxious to talk back, he could not admit defeat and leave his audience without a full defense of his policies.
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701:... or to impartial suffrage; defiant and revolutionary when he talked of the vote; boastful and triumphant when he spoke of having "turned loose" over 40,000 of captured rebels; intensely and over poweringly egotistic at all times. His favorite beginning for a sentence was "Yes," sounded like something about half way between "Yeas," and "yahs," in a drawling manner and loud, harsh tone, and no words can express the sheer, dogmatic, and insufferably self-satisfied meaning which he threw into it. He spoke very deliberately, apparently weighing the effect of every word.
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727:. The President's speech, however, from the hotel balcony, was frequently interrupted by the assembled crowd, and his criticisms of Congress were met by jeers and hooting. Epithets were bandied back and forth between the crowd and the speaker. Uncomplimentary references to his political deeds were shouted out, to which he retorted by hints at 'Northern traitors' and a sweeping denunciation of those before him. The meeting was boisterous and disgraceful, and neither the President nor the crowd was appeased by it."
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791:, a temporary platform built beside the railroad tracks for the president's appearance gave way, sending hundreds into a drained canal 20 feet below, killing thirteen. Though Johnson attempted to halt the train and use it for triage for the injured, it could not wait due to conflicting train traffic. A few members of the presidential party left the train to assist the victims, but Johnson and the rest of the party continued onto
824:, previously the most supportive newspaper for Johnson in the entire country, stated that "It is mortifying to see a man occupying the lofty position of President of the United States descend from that position and join issue with those who are draggling their garments in the muddy gutters of political vituperation." The president was also the target of the two most important satirical journalists of the era—humorist
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voices for public speaking that I have ever heard. It was singularly penetrating; he could make it carry to the edge of the largest gathering without effort. Yet it was always a pleasant voice. I have been startled myself to read the same speech in the paper that I had heard the day before. One would think, from what was written, that a violent demagogue was brandishing his arms and shrieking at the top of his lungs.
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entered the
Radical Republican strongholds of the Midwest, he began facing much more hostile crowds, some drawn by reports of his prior speeches and others organized by Republican leadership in those towns. Overall, Unionists and Radical Republicans did not respond well to the President's performances. For example, according to the writer from the
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After the honeymoon period early in his tour, Johnson found the
Radicals in his audiences increasingly vocal. The give-and-take discussion he envisioned before leaving the White House proved impossible when on warm September evenings huge crowds gathered under hotel balconies under conditions of high
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The press nonetheless gave him overwhelmingly positive coverage throughout the first leg of the tour (although the circumstances made his customary introduction—"Fellow citizens, it is not for the purpose of making speeches that I now appear before you"—a particular laugh line). However, when
Johnson
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By the time he returned to
Washington from the speaking tour, Johnson had even less support in the North than he had started with. His only remaining allies in Congress were Southern Democrats; since these were mostly former rebels, Johnson's reputation was diminished yet further by association. The
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that summer; again compared himself to Jesus, and the
Republicans to his betrayers; and defending himself against unmade accusations of tyranny. The following day in Indianapolis, the crowd was so hostile and loud that Johnson was unable to speak at all; even after he retreated, violence and gunfire
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Another problem was that semi-literate
Johnson never prepared much for speeches; he was a free-wheeling stump speaker who put on a show for the audience on hand using a chain of grievances as the framework for his performance. However, the rapport that he often found with audiences in Tennessee and
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Thus the elections that year were viewed as a referendum on
Johnson himself, who had not been elected president but had acceded to power upon Lincoln's murder. However, in Johnson's earlier political campaigns he had earned a reputation as a masterful stump speaker, and to that end he determined to
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substantially the same speech, in which he thanked his audience for its welcome, paid homage to the army and navy, and declared that the humble individual standing before them had not changed. His views were the same he had held during the war, and he still favored the preservation of the Union of
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refused to attend
Johnson's September 7 Chicago stop, as did the Chicago city council. Johnson nonetheless fared well in Chicago, presenting only a short and pre-written speech. However, his temper got the better of him once more in St. Louis on September 9. Provoked by a heckler, Johnson accused
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Johnson's stop in
Cleveland on September 3 marked the turning point in the tour. Because the audience was as large as it had been at previous stops, nothing seemed out of the ordinary; however, the crowd included mobs of hecklers, many of them plants by the Radical Republicans, who goaded Johnson
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Mr. Johnson's manner in delivering public speeches was one which could not be translated into newspaper language. **** He had a calm, assured way of talking which gave the most startling remarks authority. His bearing was quiet and dignified, his voice low and sympathetic. He had one of the best
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Baltimore (again) – Characteristic of Johnson on the tour was him saying, "I do not wish to take too much of your time" or "I'm not here to make a speech," and then making a 70-minute speech; in Baltimore he spoke so long that "his special train was delayed and Washington crowds had a long and
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Because Presidents had traditionally not undertaken political campaigning in the past, Johnson's action was seen even before he began as undignified and beneath the office. Johnson's advisors, aware that the President could get carried away in his own sentiments, pleaded with him to give only
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counterparts on the tour, Johnson only alienated them more. This caused a supporter of Johnson to say of the tour that it would have been better "had it never been made." Critics simultaneously derided the tour as boring and irrelevant and as a platform for showcasing Johnson's weaknesses:
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Johnson openly defied Congress and fought them bitterly for the control of the nation's domestic policy. However, the Republicans' vastly increased congressional voting bloc not only afforded them the political power to keep Johnson at bay, it gave the party sufficient votes to attempt
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Johnson's Republican opponents took quick advantage of their good political fortune. Thaddeus Stevens gave a speech referring to the Swing as "the remarkable circus that traveled through the country" that "cut outside the circle and entered into street brawls with common blackguards."
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844:, meanwhile, gave a stump speech of his own, encouraging his audiences to vote for Republicans in the fall elections because "the President must be taught that usurpation and apostasy cannot prevail." Johnson's supporters, too, gave negative reactions to the tour, with former
1154:, which started calling the tour "jerking round the circle," at this stop Johnson said that "Reconstruction and harmony were what the nation needed; but when the work was nearly completed, we found a conflict between the Executive and the Legislative departments, and when
1032:; per a 1954 history of the swing, "His Cleveland audience...persisted in talking back. When the President remarked that he was there 'for the purpose of exchanging views, and ascertaining, if he could, who was wrong,' he got the answer: 'You are!' One of his favorite
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When he left the balcony from which he had spoken, reporters heard supporters reminding Johnson to maintain his dignity; Johnson's reply of "I don't care about my dignity" was carried in newspapers across the nation, abruptly ending the tour's favorable press.
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and maintained control of it until 1885, although Congress would continue to be the dominant force in government until the end of the 19th century. Thus, in effect, the Swing Around the Circle began a long series of political defeats that crippled Johnson, the
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the states. Generally recounting his rise from the tailor's bench to the presidency, he compared himself to Jesus Christ and explained that like the Savior, he, too, liked to pardon repentant sinners. But Congress, and especially
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1158:, had attempted to restore the Union, he was declared a tyrant and a usurper. He defended his vetoes and declared he would always be found defending the people's rights.' This is clearly a new reading of the Constitution."
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accused him of "electioneering on behalf of rebels at the funeral for a patriot...He is, beyond all comparison, the least reputable and most brazen man that ever rose to the presidency by accident or design."
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1036:: 'Who is he—what language does he speak—what religion does he profess that can come and place his finger upon one pledge I ever violated or one principle I ever proved false to?' provoked replies like '
1044:?' Before long the President became angry and accused Congress of 'trying to break up the government.' Hisses and cries of 'A lie!' replied to this accusation, and one voice suggested, 'Don't get mad!'"
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One problem that would affect the tour was the difference between the impression that Johnson made on his hearers and the impression that his speeches made on those who merely read them afterward:
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Twenty days : a narrative in text and pictures of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and the twenty days and night that followed – the Nation in mourning, the long trip home to Springfield
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Initially, Johnson was enthusiastically received, particularly in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. According to Johnson biographer Hans Trefousse, at each stop on the tour he had delivered
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777:"Appalling calamity at Johnstown, Pa., on Friday, Sept. 14th, caused by the falling of a railroad bridge crowded with the citizens of the town, during the visit of President Johnson" (
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was the straw that broke the camels back it was the most disgusting tirade that ever emanated from any man—it would have disgraced Ben Peake, or General Pomeroy. He was drunk, drunk!"
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I have great confidence in the American people, all except Members of Congress, Unionists and Niggers; they are all traitors, and I mean to fight them with the help of General Grant
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Ashtabula, Ohio – Ashtabula "refused the president a hearing...They laughed and talked, cheered for Grant and Farragut, and plainly showed that wanted nothing" out of Johnson.
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At other points in Kentucky, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, spectators drowned out Johnson with calls for Grant, who refused to speak, and for "Three cheers for Congress!"
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the year before, reporters and political opponents took his inebriation as fact and declared him a "vulgar, drunken demagogue who was disgracing the presidency."
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carefully prepared speeches; Johnson, as he had often done on the campaign trail, instead prepared a rough outline around which he could spontaneously speak.
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Republican party would go on to a landslide victory in the congressional elections, and the new Congress would wrest control of Reconstruction from the
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795:. To appearances, Johnson had callously abandoned the scene of massive casualties. Johnson gave $ 500 ($ 8,318 in 2016 dollars) to assist the victims.
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undertake a political speaking tour (which at that time was unprecedented for a sitting president). His two dedicated supporters in the cabinet,
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writing that the President had " the moral power of his position, and done great damage to the cause of Constitutional Reorganization."
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893:(pen name Petroleum V. Nasby) depicting Johnson's loss of political strength as a result of his Swing Around the Circle speaking tour
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While ongoing it was known as the President's speaking tour, political tour, or electioneering tour. Indented items were brief
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Radical Republicans also began spreading rumors that Johnson had been drunk at several appearances. Because Johnson had been
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514:, joined him on the tour. In addition, to increase both his audience and his prestige, Johnson brought along heroes of the
444:"ill-tempered, illiterate, semi-insane, and thoroughly undignified." But the tour eventually became the centerpiece of the
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at a banquet in his honor during the Swing Around the Circle speaking tour. Johnson appears seated in the center, with
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530:(by then the most admired living man in the country) to stand next to him while he spoke. Also present were Generals
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Washington, D.C. failed him on the tour: "the repetitions became grotesque, the variations hollow and mechanical".
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1819:"In Chicago, the cornerstone of the monument at the grave of Stephen Douglas is dedicated. | House Divided"
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1933:"Andy's trip to the West : together with a life of its hero / By Petroleum V. Nasby [pseud.]"
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Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln
464:. Johnson also managed to alienate his own cabinet, three members of which resigned in disgust in 1866.
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Gregg Phifer, "Not for the purpose of making a speech:" Andrew Johnson's Swing Around the Circle (1954)
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between August 27 and September 15, 1866, in which he tried to gain support for his obstructionist
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Subsequent to this and other vituperative appearances in southern Michigan, the Illinois governor
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broke out in the streets between Johnson supporters and opponents, resulting in one man's death.
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The Swing Around the Circle: Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride That Destroyed a Presidency
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and the radicals, still wanted to break up the Union, an effort he was trying to prevent.
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Johnson had first intended his approach to Reconstruction as a delivery of predecessor
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The press excoriated Johnson badly for his disastrous appearances and speeches. The
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The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution
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Andrew Johnson's Swing Around the Circle: the Study of an Appeal to the People
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2464:
2057:
2035:
2020:
1995:
1960:
1779:
1735:
1602:
1574:
1467:"Accident at Johnstown, PA.: A Bridge Containing a Thousand People Gives Way"
1257:
1029:
997:
977:
724:
601:
585:
523:
511:
492:
409:
38:
5976:
5771:
5741:
5533:
5172:
5084:
4860:
4623:
4500:
2978:
2916:
2901:
2896:
2554:
2177:
1110:
1085:
1047:
971:
716:
613:
539:
6154:
5946:
5564:
4972:
2811:
2806:
2801:
1061:
899:
864:, lamented that the tour had "cost Johnson one million northern voters."
833:
812:
2004:
1979:
1241:
420:, and east through the Ohio River valley back to the nation's capital".
5829:
5690:
5546:
1950:
435:. Although he believed he could regain the trust of moderate Northern
4957:
2911:
2630:
1575:"Impeachment – Butler's Additional Article – The Rules in the Senate"
1104:
861:
417:
1548:"Articles of Impeachment presented against President Andrew Johnson"
576:
In the 18 days of the tour, Johnson and his entourage made stops in
5756:
2906:
2884:
621:
404:. The tour's nickname came from the route that the campaign took: "
1563:
Articles of impeachment presented against President Andrew Johnson
2073:
1057:
1052:
625:
617:
413:
19:
4542:
Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866
1727:
803:
711:
into engaging them in mid-speech; when one of them yelled "Hang
1300:"History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. v.5"
693:
sneering, sarcastic, and malignant whenever he referred to the
427:
and in Washington to his lenient form of Reconstruction in the
1885:"(2) 1866 Letters re: Politics, President Johnson is a Drunk!"
1144:– "public officials refused the President an official welcome"
715:!" in Cleveland, Johnson angrily replied, "Why don't you hang
2785:
United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction
1349:. Internet Archive. University of Chicago Press. p. 430.
974:, head of the local military district, greeted the President
5553:
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
1956:
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
5762:
Technological and industrial history of the United States
1712:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 262–266.
1671:
1669:
1161:
Johnstown, Pennsylvania – whistle stop? – September 14 –
1371:
1369:
739:
Radical Republicans of deliberately inciting the deadly
1867:
Kunhardt, Dorothy Meserve; Kunhardt, Philip B. (1965).
1582:. Chicago Evening Post at Newspapers.com. March 2, 1868
1218:
5722:
African American founding fathers of the United States
5624:
The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan
2790:
United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction
1681:
1666:
1654:
1606:. Spirit Of Jefferson at Newspapers.com. April 7, 1868
1388:
1386:
1384:
1242:"Andrew Johnson and the Philadelphia Election of 1866"
385:
is the nickname for a speaking campaign undertaken by
1366:
1084:, who despised Johnson, was offended by his visit to
473:
Swingin' Round the Cirkle, or Andy's trip to the West
16:
1866 speaking campaign by US President Andrew Johnson
4296:
The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women
1502:
The Morristown & Morris Township Public Library
1381:
828:(writing in his persona as the backward southerner
664:, as well as short stops in smaller towns between.
4547:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866
1601:
1573:
1246:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
396:policies and for his preferred candidates (mostly
4338:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act
1873:. Internet Archive. New York : Castle Books.
6176:
1866:
869:drunk at his own vice-presidential inauguration
4682:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
439:by exploiting tensions between them and their
5815:
4656:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
2646:
2089:
363:
925:The Republicans captured the White House in
446:tenth article of impeachment against Johnson
242:Vice presidential and Presidential campaigns
2387:President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library
5822:
5808:
2653:
2639:
2096:
2082:
1239:
1028:– September 3 – spoke from the balcony of
370:
356:
5214:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
2193:Drunk vice-presidential inaugural address
1704:
1342:
1163:Johnstown, Pennsylvania platform collapse
769:Johnstown, Pennsylvania platform collapse
5737:History of the United States (1865–1917)
1860:
1113:– "After a long introduction by General
884:
802:
772:
466:
121:16th Vice President of the United States
18:
2335:1868 impeachment managers investigation
2064:
2034:
2002:
1977:
1687:
1675:
1660:
1375:
6177:
5396:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
4442:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
2660:
2005:"Andrew Johnson Delivers His Argument"
1753:
934:and the presidency for several years.
479:: (1) Andrew Johnson, (2) ?, (3)
37:to his left and Secretary of the Navy
5803:
5681:Women's suffrage in the United States
4370:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction
2634:
2382:Andrew Johnson National Historic Site
2077:
2069:(M.A. thesis). Penn State University.
1949:
1909:"Chicago Tribune 17 Sep 1866, page 2"
1749:
1747:
1745:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1392:
1224:
4788:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
4476:Confederates surrender at Appomattox
4288:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
2356:1866 & 1867 U.S. House elections
1935:. p. 38 – via HathiTrust.
1450:
1269:
1267:
1235:
1233:
1189:, recapitulating Johnson's speeches
1156:he, the representative of the people
780:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
6150:Impeachment managers investigation
5644:United Daughters of the Confederacy
4775:American Woman Suffrage Association
4770:National Woman Suffrage Association
4697:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
2996:Women during the Reconstruction era
2131:Vice President of the United States
142:17th President of the United States
13:
5686:Labor history of the United States
4722:South Carolina readmitted to Union
4719:North Carolina readmitted to Union
4702:Impeachment managers investigation
4641:Constitutional conventions of 1867
4317:National Women's Rights Convention
2103:
2028:
1742:
1693:
1618:
571:
250:National Union national convention
14:
6206:
5851:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson
4927:United States expedition to Korea
4634:Reconstruction military districts
2328:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson
1346:Andrew Johnson and reconstruction
1264:
1230:
5890:
5885:
4481:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
2775:African-American representatives
2614:
2613:
2377:Andrew Johnson National Cemetery
1637:"The President's political tour"
1175:unexpected wait at the station."
876:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
343:
337:
136:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
52:
5483:Black Reconstruction in America
5356:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
5266:1876 State of the Union Address
5193:1875 State of the Union Address
5120:1874 State of the Union Address
5044:1873 State of the Union Address
4983:1872 State of the Union Address
4932:1871 State of the Union Address
4871:1870 State of the Union Address
4820:1869 State of the Union Address
4815:First transcontinental railroad
4754:1868 State of the Union Address
4661:1867 State of the Union Address
4496:1865 State of the Union Address
4421:1864 State of the Union Address
4395:1863 State of the Union Address
4304:Woman in the Nineteenth Century
2183:1864 U.S. presidential election
1925:
1901:
1877:
1835:
1811:
1786:
1754:Phifer, Gregg (November 1954).
1594:
1566:
1540:
1519:
1508:from the original on 2024-07-04
1486:
1459:
1444:
1423:
1398:
1240:Cashdollar, Charles D. (1968).
402:midterm Congressional elections
6047:Witnesses for the prosecution
4556:Petition for Universal Freedom
4537:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
2545:Bibliography of Andrew Johnson
2346:1866 National Union Convention
2288:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
2216:Inauguration of Andrew Johnson
2188:1864 National Union Convention
2120:President of the United States
2009:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
1984:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
1980:"Andrew Johnson Argues a Case"
1353:
1336:
1317:
1292:
1185:Satirist David Ross Locke, as
265:Democratic National Convention
1:
5603:A Visit from the Old Mistress
5302:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
5168:Specie Payment Resumption Act
4793:Board of Indian Commissioners
4725:Louisiana readmitted to Union
4687:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
4551:Tennessee readmitted to Union
4385:Women's Loyal National League
3088:Straight-Out Democratic Party
2859:Confederate States of America
2308:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
1823:hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu
1211:
1060:– Attended the laying of the
1042:Why don't you hang Jeff Davis
451:
6190:Presidency of Andrew Johnson
5229:Battle of the Little Bighorn
4713:Arkansas readmitted to Union
4619:Knights of the White Camelia
4581:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866
4527:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
4501:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
4459:Special Field Orders No. 15
4282:Slavery in the United States
1433:. Britannica.com. 2019-07-27
1279:The Louisville Daily Courier
1201:Presidency of Andrew Johnson
937:
916:first unsuccessfully in 1867
880:
787:Finally, on September 14 in
495:(??), (8) ?, (9) ?
131:Drunk V.P. inaugural address
7:
5747:Race (human categorization)
5137:United States v. Cruikshank
4728:Alabama readmitted to Union
4716:Florida readmitted to Union
2571:Treason must be made odious
2236:Pardons for ex-Confederates
1710:Andrew Johnson: A Biography
1614:– via Newspapers.com.
1361:Andrew Johnson: A Biography
1343:McKitrick, Eric L. (1960).
1333:, Harper & Bros., 1910.
1194:
1066:monument to Stephen Douglas
798:
705:
689:in the September 10 issue:
10:
6211:
6094:Witnesses for the defense
4948:General Mining Act of 1872
4917:New York custom house ring
4907:Meridian race riot of 1871
4851:Naturalization Act of 1870
2494:Andrew Johnson and slavery
2409:Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum
2361:1868 Democratic Convention
2323:Second impeachment inquiry
2065:Swinney, Everette (1957).
1943:
1453:"The Inflation Calculator"
968:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
873:
766:
762:
582:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
91:Andrew Johnson and slavery
6185:1866 in American politics
6143:
5960:
5899:
5883:
5864:
5845:
5784:
5714:
5673:
5589:
5540:Been in the Storm So Long
5460:William Archibald Dunning
5420:The American Commonwealth
5388:
5381:
5310:
5274:
5201:
5128:
5090:Election Massacre of 1874
5052:
4991:
4940:
4879:
4828:
4798:Public Credit Act of 1869
4762:
4737:Fourth Reconstruction Act
4669:
4646:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
4596:
4509:
4429:
4403:
4390:New York City draft riots
4360:Emancipation Proclamation
4352:
4269:
4262:
4212:
3234:
3188:
3142:
3035:National Union Convention
3015:
3008:
2867:
2844:
2780:Reconstruction Amendments
2770:African-American senators
2675:
2668:
2580:
2560:Ledger-removal allegation
2537:
2486:
2427:
2369:
2318:First impeachment inquiry
2206:
2160:
2111:
1772:10.1080/03637755409375121
546:. According to historian
6123:William Tecumseh Sherman
5256:Safe burglary conspiracy
5143:Civil Rights Act of 1875
4922:Civil service commission
4522:Memphis massacre of 1866
4517:Civil Rights Act of 1866
4333:Confiscation Act of 1862
4328:Confiscation Act of 1861
3083:Liberal Republican Party
2765:Conservative Republicans
2565:Buell Commission records
2441:Martha Johnson Patterson
2283:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2241:State of the Union, 1865
1170:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
959:Perrymansville, Maryland
956:Havre de Grace, Maryland
830:Petroleum Vesuvius Nasby
662:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
311:Martha Johnson Patterson
61:This article is part of
5942:Swing Around the Circle
5909:Articles of impeachment
5752:Reconstruction Treaties
5571:A Nation Under Our Feet
5519:From Slavery to Freedom
5349:Williams v. Mississippi
5333:United States v. Harris
5224:Great Sioux War of 1876
5163:Yazoo City Riot of 1875
5065:Battle of Liberty Place
4953:Crédit Mobilier scandal
4902:Alcorn State University
4841:Enforcement Act of 1870
4707:Articles of impeachment
4614:Indian Peace Commission
4532:Swing Around the Circle
4469:Freedmen's Bureau bills
4311:Seneca Falls Convention
3040:Radical Democracy Party
2991:Freedman's Savings Bank
2351:Swing Around the Circle
2003:Phifer, Gregg (1952b).
1978:Phifer, Gregg (1952a).
1849:. 1866-08-29. p. 1
1800:. 1866-09-05. p. 8
1643:. 1866-08-29. p. 1
1603:"The Impeachment Trial"
1281:. 1866-09-12. p. 1
1121:Jeffersonville, Indiana
789:Johnstown, Pennsylvania
566:
383:Swing Around the Circle
234:Articles of impeachment
194:Swing Around the Circle
189:Civil Rights Act (1866)
172:Conclusion of Civil War
5727:Forty acres and a mule
5450:Walter Lynwood Fleming
5235:United States v. Reese
4892:Second Enforcement Act
3122:Prohibition Convention
2854:Southern United States
2435:Eliza McCardle Johnson
2152:(1853–1857, 1862–1865)
2139:Senator from Tennessee
1794:"The President's Tour"
1498:mmt.contentdm.oclc.org
1192:
1003:Little Falls, New York
894:
815:
784:
760:
703:
682:
560:
496:
429:Southern United States
425:Northern United States
306:Eliza McCardle Johnson
219:Managers investigation
42:
5701:Civil rights movement
5637:The Birth of a Nation
5246:Centennial Exposition
5100:Black Hills Gold Rush
5015:Slaughter-House Cases
4887:Ku Klux Klan hearings
4365:General Order No. 143
2984:James Mitchell Ashley
2278:Judicial Circuits Act
2226:Judicial appointments
2150:Governor of Tennessee
1178:
1148:Altoona, Pennsylvania
888:
874:Further information:
806:
776:
749:
691:
673:
642:Indianapolis, Indiana
555:
470:
400:) in the forthcoming
109:Governor of Tennessee
22:
6098:William W. Armstrong
6029:William S. Groesbeck
6015:President's counsel
5920:Tenure of Office Act
5282:Electoral Commission
5158:Clifton Riot of 1875
4912:Treaty of Washington
4604:Tenure of Office Act
4562:National Labor Union
4277:American Indian Wars
3127:Electoral Commission
3117:Greenback Convention
2880:Free people of color
2820:Federal bureaucracy
2760:Moderate Republicans
2341:National Union Party
2293:Tenure of Office Act
1889:Fleischer's Auctions
1843:"Moses on the Stump"
1529:. President Profiles
1126:Louisville, Kentucky
1034:rhetorical questions
962:Wilmington, Delaware
920:successfully in 1868
646:Louisville, Kentucky
167:Judicial appointment
6160:Profiles in Courage
6118:Frederick W. Seward
6061:William E. Chandler
6034:Thomas A. R. Nelson
5967:Presiding officer:
5937:Command of Army Act
5631:D. W. Griffith
5616:The Leopard's Spots
5506:The American Crisis
5440:Columbia University
5407:The Prostrate State
5401:James Shepherd Pike
5318:Posse Comitatus Act
5241:Trader post scandal
5029:Coinage Act of 1873
4803:Black Friday (1869)
4651:Peonage Act of 1867
4629:Reconstruction Acts
4609:Command of Army Act
4344:Militia Act of 1862
2755:Radical Republicans
2703:Rutherford B. Hayes
2459:Mary Johnson Stover
2298:Command of Army Act
2273:Reconstruction Acts
1359:Trefousse, Hans L.
1227:, pp. 264–265.
1150:– According to the
1097:St. Louis, Missouri
951:Baltimore, Maryland
904:Reconstruction Acts
850:Herschel V. Johnson
638:St. Louis, Missouri
578:Baltimore, Maryland
321:Mary Johnson Stover
182:Reconstruction Acts
162:Cabinet appointment
6195:Reconstruction Era
6108:Richard T. Merrick
6056:Walter A. Burleigh
6024:Benjamin R. Curtis
5982:George S. Boutwell
5650:Gone with the Wind
5513:John Hope Franklin
5369:Disenfranchisement
5341:Plessy v. Ferguson
5325:Civil Rights Cases
5287:Compromise of 1877
5178:Wheeler Compromise
5095:Vicksburg massacre
5080:Timber Culture Act
5070:Coushatta massacre
5009:Timber Culture Act
4963:Star Route scandal
4846:Justice Department
4743:Georgia v. Stanton
4732:Opelousas massacre
4323:American Civil War
3132:Compromise of 1877
2834:Justice Department
2798:Federal judiciary
2677:Federal government
2662:Reconstruction era
2593:Ulysses S. Grant →
2524:William A. Johnson
2504:Elizabeth J. Forby
2447:David T. Patterson
2263:Colorado Territory
2231:Reconstruction era
1798:The New York Times
1706:Trefousse, Hans L.
1474:The New York Times
1451:Friedman, Morgan.
1206:Reconstruction Era
1187:Petroleum V. Nasby
895:
816:
785:
736:Richard J. Oglesby
502:Secretary of State
497:
491:, (6) ?, (7)
477:Petroleum V. Nasby
433:American Civil War
177:Reconstruction era
43:
6172:
6171:
6165:Tennessee Johnson
6113:Alexander Randall
6086:James K. Moorhead
6066:James O. Clephane
6019:William M. Evarts
5962:Impeachment trial
5952:Hamilton Ward Sr.
5835:impeachment trial
5797:
5796:
5780:
5779:
5706:American frontier
5560:Kenneth M. Stampp
5377:
5376:
5219:Ellenton massacre
5060:Brooks–Baxter War
4809:Ex parte McCardle
4575:Ex parte Milligan
4464:Freedmen's Bureau
4380:National Bank Act
4258:
4257:
3093:Victoria Woodhull
3004:
3003:
2875:African Americans
2846:State governments
2829:Freedmen's Bureau
2628:
2627:
2606:Schuyler Colfax →
2601:← Hannibal Hamlin
2586:← Abraham Lincoln
2550:Alcoholism debate
2529:Florence J. Smith
2417:Tennessee Johnson
2173:Southern Unionist
2141:(1857–1862, 1875)
1970:978-0-06-093716-4
1760:Speech Monographs
1115:Sullivan Meredith
1082:Mary Todd Lincoln
1020:Painesville, Ohio
1009:Buffalo, New York
832:) and cartoonist
695:Freedmen's Bureau
687:Missouri Democrat
606:Buffalo, New York
548:James Ford Rhodes
481:William H. Seward
462:Freedmen's Bureau
380:
379:
78:
77:
6202:
6103:Walter Smith Cox
6071:William H. Emory
5997:Thaddeus Stevens
5930:Ulysses S. Grant
5894:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5857:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5663:Race and Reunion
5610:Thomas Dixon Jr.
5500:William R. Brock
5490:C. Vann Woodward
5477:W. E. B. Du Bois
5467:Charles A. Beard
5427:Claude G. Bowers
5386:
5385:
5209:Hamburg massacre
5188:Pratt & Boyd
5153:Mississippi Plan
5110:Anti-Moiety Acts
5105:Sanborn incident
4897:Ku Klux Klan Act
4568:Ex parte Garland
4375:Ten percent plan
4267:
4266:
3013:
3012:
2964:Thaddeus Stevens
2949:Republican Party
2942:Samuel J. Tilden
2932:Bourbon Democrat
2927:Democratic Party
2698:Ulysses S. Grant
2673:
2672:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2617:
2616:
2401:Southern Justice
2153:
2142:
2134:
2123:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2024:
1999:
1974:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1633:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1550:. Archived from
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1527:"Andrew Johnson"
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1431:"Andrew Johnson"
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1324:William H. Crook
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1190:
1013:Millard Fillmore
932:Democratic Party
891:David Ross Locke
826:David Ross Locke
758:
741:New Orleans Riot
721:Wendell Phillips
678:Thaddeus Stevens
528:Ulysses S. Grant
485:Ulysses S. Grant
406:Washington, D.C.
372:
365:
358:
347:
346:
341:
278:Return to Senate
74:
73:
71:
64:
56:
49:
48:
45:
44:
35:Ulysses S. Grant
6210:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6139:
6076:Thomas W. Ferry
6051:Foster Blodgett
6007:James F. Wilson
6002:Thomas Williams
5987:Benjamin Butler
5973:House managers
5969:Salmon P. Chase
5956:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5860:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5828:
5798:
5793:
5776:
5767:White supremacy
5710:
5669:
5657:David W. Blight
5585:
5495:Joel Williamson
5472:Howard K. Beale
5373:
5362:Giles v. Harris
5306:
5297:Desert Land Act
5270:
5197:
5124:
5048:
5034:Long Depression
5004:Colfax massacre
4987:
4968:Salary Grab Act
4936:
4875:
4856:Kirk–Holden war
4824:
4758:
4665:
4592:
4505:
4486:Shaw University
4425:
4411:Wade–Davis Bill
4399:
4348:
4254:
4208:
3230:
3184:
3138:
3018:
3000:
2937:Horatio Seymour
2863:
2847:
2840:
2688:Abraham Lincoln
2678:
2664:
2659:
2629:
2624:
2576:
2533:
2482:
2453:Charles Johnson
2423:
2365:
2268:Alaska Purchase
2202:
2156:
2145:
2137:
2126:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2050:
2031:
2029:Further reading
1971:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1847:Chicago Tribune
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1752:
1743:
1720:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1641:Chicago Tribune
1635:
1634:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1275:"Our President"
1273:
1272:
1265:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1197:
1191:
1184:
1152:Chicago Tribune
1092:Alton, Illinois
1071:Chicago Tribune
940:
883:
878:
854:James Doolittle
821:New York Herald
801:
783:, Oct. 6, 1866)
771:
765:
759:
756:
708:
634:Alton, Illinois
574:
572:Initial success
569:
483:(??), (4) Gen.
458:Abraham Lincoln
454:
376:
344:
342:
335:
316:Charles Johnson
302:
299:
274:
273:Post-presidency
271:
243:
240:
143:
140:
126:Vice presidency
122:
119:
111:
105:
69:
67:
66:
65:
62:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6128:Lorenzo Thomas
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6039:Henry Stanbery
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5966:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5925:Lorenzo Thomas
5922:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5877:Second inquiry
5874:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5839:Andrew Johnson
5827:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5804:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5659:
5654:
5646:
5641:
5633:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5544:
5536:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5510:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5455:Dunning School
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5433:The Tragic Era
5429:
5424:
5416:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5389:Historiography
5383:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5358:
5353:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5261:1876 elections
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5115:1874 elections
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4978:1872 elections
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4866:1870 elections
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:15th Amendment
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4749:1868 elections
4746:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4677:14th Amendment
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4588:1866 elections
4584:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4559:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4437:13th Amendment
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4416:1864 elections
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4213:U.S. elections
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Lyman Trumbull
2966:
2961:
2959:Charles Sumner
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:Andrew Johnson
2690:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2471:Robert Johnson
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Foreign policy
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2198:Kirkwood House
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Homestead Acts
2164:
2162:
2161:Pre-presidency
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2135:
2124:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:Andrew Johnson
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2062:
2048:
2036:Boulard, Garry
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2015:(3): 212–234.
2000:
1990:(2): 148–170.
1975:
1969:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1924:
1913:Newspapers.com
1900:
1876:
1859:
1834:
1810:
1785:
1766:(4): 285–293.
1741:
1718:
1692:
1690:, p. 158.
1688:Phifer (1952a)
1680:
1678:, p. 161.
1676:Phifer (1952a)
1665:
1663:, p. 149.
1661:Phifer (1952a)
1653:
1617:
1593:
1580:Newspapers.com
1565:
1539:
1518:
1485:
1458:
1443:
1422:
1397:
1395:, p. 265.
1380:
1378:, p. 230.
1376:Phifer (1952b)
1365:
1363:, 1989, p. 263
1352:
1335:
1316:
1291:
1263:
1252:(3): 365–383.
1229:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1145:
1139:
1137:Columbus, Ohio
1134:
1129:
1128:- September 11
1123:
1118:
1108:
1101:Southern Hotel
1094:
1089:
1086:Lincoln's tomb
1075:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1005:– August 30(?)
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
965:
964:
963:
960:
957:
939:
936:
882:
879:
842:Charles Sumner
800:
797:
767:Main article:
764:
761:
754:
707:
704:
654:Columbus, Ohio
573:
570:
568:
565:
520:David Farragut
509:Navy Secretary
505:William Seward
489:David Farragut
453:
450:
394:Reconstruction
390:Andrew Johnson
387:U.S. President
378:
377:
375:
374:
367:
360:
352:
349:
348:
336:
334:
333:
328:
326:Robert Johnson
323:
318:
313:
308:
300:
298:
297:
292:
291:
290:
280:
272:
270:
269:
268:
267:
259:
258:
257:
252:
241:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
209:Second inquiry
206:
196:
191:
186:
185:
184:
174:
169:
164:
159:
157:Foreign policy
154:
149:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
120:
118:
117:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:Andrew Johnson
63:a series about
59:
57:
28:Andrew Johnson
25:U.S. President
23:Photograph of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6207:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6134:
6133:Gideon Welles
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6081:Burt Van Horn
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:John A. Logan
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5915:Edwin Stanton
5913:Dismissal of
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:First inquiry
5870:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:Habeas corpus
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:Winslow Homer
5595:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:After Slavery
5524:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:Nez Perce War
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:Delano affair
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Red River War
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:Comstock laws
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4999:Panic of 1873
4997:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:New Departure
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
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3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
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3909:
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3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
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3889:
3886:
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3879:
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3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
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3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
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3822:
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3814:
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3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
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3779:
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3717:
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3655:
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3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
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3618:
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3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
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3571:
3568:
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3536:
3534:
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3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
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3492:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
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3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
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3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:Gubernatorial
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
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3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3133:
3130:
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3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
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3103:
3100:
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3094:
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3084:
3081:
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3065:
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3038:
3036:
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3028:
3027:
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3020:
3014:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Benjamin Wade
2972:
2970:
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2965:
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2960:
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2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Carpetbaggers
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Edwin Stanton
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2808:
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2800:
2799:
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2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Henry Johnson
2512:
2510:
2509:Dolly Johnson
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2477:Frank Johnson
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:Daniel Stover
2463:
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2249:
2247:
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2239:
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2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:9781440102394
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1961:HarperCollins
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1848:
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1737:
1733:
1729:
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1638:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1604:
1597:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1554:on 2010-11-04
1553:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1412:. p. 112
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1306:. p. 617
1305:
1301:
1295:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1207:
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1199:
1198:
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1098:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:Kennard House
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Niagara Falls
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:New York City
976:
973:
969:
966:
961:
958:
955:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
945:
944:whistle stops
935:
933:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
907:
905:
901:
892:
889:A cartoon by
887:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
837:
835:
831:
827:
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725:Kennard House
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602:Niagara Falls
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586:New York City
583:
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541:
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529:
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524:George Custer
521:
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512:Gideon Welles
510:
506:
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494:
493:Gideon Welles
490:
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331:Frank Johnson
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39:Gideon Welles
36:
33:
29:
26:
21:
5977:John Bingham
5941:
5772:Whitecapping
5742:Paramilitary
5715:Other topics
5696:Jim Crow era
5661:
5648:
5635:
5622:
5614:
5601:
5577:
5569:
5551:
5538:
5534:Leon Litwack
5525:
5517:
5504:
5481:
5445:John Burgess
5431:
5418:
5405:
5360:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5233:
5173:Whiskey Ring
5135:
5085:White League
5021:
5013:
4861:Shoffner Act
4807:
4780:
4741:
4624:Pulaski riot
4573:
4566:
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4531:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4130:
4122:
3017:Presidential
2979:John Bingham
2917:White League
2902:Ku Klux Klan
2669:Participants
2612:
2591:
2584:
2569:
2467:(son-in-law)
2449:(son-in-law)
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2370:Public image
2350:
2178:War Democrat
2066:
2039:
2012:
2008:
1987:
1983:
1955:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1869:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1846:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1763:
1759:
1709:
1683:
1656:
1645:. Retrieved
1640:
1608:. Retrieved
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1579:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:the original
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1497:
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:
1461:
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1393:Foner (2002)
1360:
1355:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1283:. Retrieved
1278:
1249:
1245:
1225:Foner (2002)
1220:
1179:
1155:
1151:
1111:Indianapolis
1069:
1048:Toledo, Ohio
972:George Meade
953:– August 23
941:
924:
914:of Johnson,
908:
896:
866:
838:
819:
817:
786:
778:
750:
746:
733:
729:
717:Thad Stevens
709:
692:
686:
683:
674:
670:
666:
614:Toledo, Ohio
575:
561:
556:
552:
498:
472:
455:
422:
382:
381:
193:
152:Inauguration
115:Governorship
101:Bibliography
41:to his right
6155:Vinnie Ream
5947:John Covode
5901:Impeachment
5831:Impeachment
5565:Steven Hahn
5414:James Bryce
4973:Amnesty Act
4454:Black Codes
3143:U.S. Senate
2890:Politicians
2812:Waite Court
2807:Chase Court
2802:Taney Court
2684:Presidents
2555:Mrs. Harold
2519:Sam Johnson
2499:Henry Brown
2393:Andy's Trip
2122:(1865–1869)
1951:Foner, Eric
1078:Springfield
1062:cornerstone
1038:New Orleans
1011:– met with
912:impeachment
900:White House
834:Thomas Nast
813:Thomas Nast
809:Andy's Trip
630:Springfield
487:, (5) Adm.
471:Image from
437:Republicans
416:, south to
199:Impeachment
6179:Categories
5691:Gilded Age
5547:Eric Foner
5251:Cattellism
5148:Red Shirts
4263:Key events
3189:U.S. House
2922:Red Shirts
2461:(daughter)
2443:(daughter)
2339:Politics:
2208:Presidency
1918:2023-07-19
1894:2023-12-08
1853:2023-07-22
1828:2023-07-22
1804:2024-01-19
1719:0393026736
1647:2023-07-22
1558:2015-07-18
1533:2019-08-12
1512:2024-07-04
1479:2017-02-24
1455:. Westegg.
1437:2019-08-12
1416:2024-02-18
1410:HathiTrust
1310:2024-01-04
1304:HathiTrust
1285:2024-01-12
1212:References
1142:Pittsburgh
1132:Cincinnati
983:West Point
918:and again
793:Harrisburg
713:Jeff Davis
658:Pittsburgh
650:Cincinnati
590:West Point
452:Background
412:, west to
147:Presidency
86:Early life
5865:Inquiries
5311:Aftermath
5022:Virginius
4958:Modoc War
3009:Elections
2954:Stalwarts
2912:Redeemers
2711:Congress
2058:373564154
2021:0040-3261
1996:0040-3261
1780:0038-7169
1736:463084977
1258:0031-4587
1105:St. Louis
1026:Cleveland
938:Itinerary
906:of 1867.
902:with the
881:Aftermath
862:Wisconsin
848:Governor
610:Cleveland
516:Civil War
418:St. Louis
398:Democrats
5855:Timeline
5789:Category
5757:Suffrage
4692:Timeline
2907:Scalawag
2885:Freedman
2619:Category
2038:(2008).
1953:(2002).
1728:88028295
1708:(1989).
1586:28 March
1506:Archived
1331:, p. 106
1195:See also
1183:—
1040:!' and '
799:Reaction
755:—
706:Disaster
699:Congress
622:Michigan
544:Rousseau
532:Steedman
518:such as
410:New York
288:Cemetery
255:election
229:Timeline
5382:Aspects
4781:Alabama
4447:Address
4270:Prelude
3226:1876–77
3221:1874–75
3216:1872–73
3211:1870–71
3206:1868–69
3201:1866–67
3196:1864–65
3180:1876–77
3175:1874–75
3170:1872–73
3165:1870–71
3160:1868–69
3155:1866–67
3150:1864–65
2538:Related
1944:Sources
1610:22 July
1058:Chicago
1053:Detroit
858:Senator
846:Georgia
763:Tragedy
626:Chicago
618:Detroit
441:Radical
414:Chicago
224:Efforts
32:General
5674:Legacy
5666:(2001)
5653:(1939)
5640:(1915)
5627:(1905)
5619:(1902)
5606:(1876)
5590:Memory
5582:(2019)
5574:(2003)
5556:(1988)
5543:(1979)
5530:(1965)
5522:(1947)
5509:(1963)
5486:(1935)
5436:(1929)
5423:(1888)
5410:(1874)
5365:(1903)
5352:(1898)
5344:(1896)
5336:(1883)
5328:(1883)
5320:(1878)
5024:Affair
4783:Claims
4340:(1862)
4319:(1850)
4313:(1848)
4307:(1839)
4299:(1838)
4291:(1792)
2868:Others
2487:Slaves
2437:(wife)
2428:Family
2420:(1942)
2412:(1867)
2404:(1867)
2396:(1866)
2303:Vetoes
2133:(1865)
2056:
2046:
2019:
1994:
1967:
1778:
1734:
1726:
1716:
1256:
1068:; the
993:Auburn
988:Albany
656:; and
632:, and
604:, and
598:Auburn
594:Albany
542:, and
536:Custer
526:, and
301:Family
96:Legacy
6144:Other
4107:1876
4045:1875
3973:1874
3916:1873
3829:1872
3762:1871
3695:1870
3628:1869
3546:1868
3494:1867
3432:1866
3375:1865
3313:1864
3241:1863
2479:(son)
2473:(son)
2455:(son)
2313:Trial
1470:(PDF)
1064:to a
860:from
697:, to
540:Crook
408:, to
283:Death
261:1868
246:1864
214:Trial
107:15th
5833:and
5275:1877
5202:1876
5129:1875
5053:1874
4992:1873
4941:1872
4880:1871
4829:1870
4763:1869
4670:1868
4597:1867
4510:1866
4430:1865
4404:1864
4353:1863
4250:1876
4245:1874
4240:1872
4235:1870
4230:1868
4225:1866
4220:1864
4131:Nov.
4123:Apr.
3102:1876
3068:1872
3049:1868
3025:1864
2256:1868
2251:1867
2246:1866
2147:15th
2128:16th
2117:17th
2054:OCLC
2044:ISBN
2017:ISSN
1992:ISSN
1965:ISBN
1776:ISSN
1732:OCLC
1724:LCCN
1714:ISBN
1612:2022
1588:2022
1254:ISSN
927:1868
856:, a
719:and
660:and
652:and
612:and
567:Tour
507:and
5837:of
4129:CT
4121:CT
3112:RNC
3107:DNC
3078:RNC
3073:DNC
3059:RNC
3054:DNC
3030:DNC
1768:doi
1103:at
475:by
6181::
4202:WV
4197:VT
4192:SC
4187:RI
4182:NC
4177:MO
4172:MI
4167:ME
4162:MA
4157:LA
4152:KS
4147:IN
4142:IL
4137:FL
4116:CO
4111:AL
4099:WI
4094:OH
4089:OH
4084:MN
4079:ME
4074:MD
4069:MA
4064:KY
4059:IA
4054:CT
4049:CA
4037:VT
4032:SC
4027:OR
4022:NV
4017:NJ
4012:MO
4007:MI
4002:ME
3997:MA
3992:KS
3987:DE
3982:CT
3977:AL
3965:WI
3960:VA
3955:TX
3950:OH
3945:MS
3940:MN
3935:ME
3930:MA
3925:IA
3920:CT
3908:WV
3903:VT
3898:SC
3893:RI
3888:PA
3883:NC
3878:MO
3873:MI
3868:ME
3863:MA
3858:LA
3853:IN
3848:IL
3843:FL
3838:CT
3833:AL
3821:WI
3816:RI
3811:OH
3806:NJ
3801:MN
3796:ME
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3766:CA
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