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resultant opposition took many forms. Wine growers and tavern keepers concealed wine and falsified their methods of selling it to take advantage of lower tax rates. The retailers also refilled their casks secretly from hidden stocks. Wine merchants stealthily circumvented inspection stations to avoid local import duties. When apprehended, some defrauders reacted with passive resignation, while others resorted to violence. Situated at the heart of the country town or village, the tavern was one of the traditional centers of social and political life before 1789, a meeting place for both the local population and travelers passing through and a refuge for rogues and scoundrels. Taverns symbolized opposition to the regime and to religion.
529:. In modern times, the meaning of the word has a bit narrowed. Nevertheless, it is used colloquially to denote both traditional restaurants where people go to eat, and bars, where people mainly go to drink and socialize. "Hospoda" is nowadays a very widespread but only colloquial word, while "hostinec" or "pohostinstvĂ" were often official names of such establishment in the 20th century, now a bit obsolete. "Hospoda" could be with meals served or without, typically with tapped beer. (This term is not used for wine bars.) As drinking beer is an important part of the Czech culture, inviting to "hospoda" generally means: "let's go and have a drink together, let's meet, chat, and socialize…". It is often equipped with a TV,
336:. Drinking practices in 16th-century Augsburg, Germany, suggest that the use of alcohol in early modern Germany followed carefully structured cultural norms. Drinking was not a sign of insecurity and disorder. It helped define and enhance men's social status and was therefore tolerated among men as long as they lived up to both the rules and norms of tavern society and the demands of their role as householders. Tavern doors were closed to respectable women unaccompanied by their husbands, and society condemned drunkenness among women, but when alcohol abuse interfered with the household, women could deploy public power to impose limits on men's drinking behaviour.
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427:, with its complex network of credit relationships. The tavern played a crucial role in cultural and business life and was also the place where work and leisure were fused. Heavy drinking facilitated the creation of community relationships in which artisans and workers sought security. Buying drinks rather than saving money was a rational strategy when, before adjustment to a cash economy, it was essential to raise one's esteem with fellow craftsmen to whom one could turn for favors in preference to the Verlag capitalist.
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316:('The Tavern', 1877) depicted the social conditions typical of alcoholism in Paris among the working classes. The drunk destroyed not only his own body, but also his employment, his family, and other interpersonal relationships. The characters Gervaise Macquart and her husband Coupeau exemplified with great realism the physical and moral degradation of alcoholics. Zola's correspondence with physicians reveals that he used authentic medical sources for his realistic depictions in the novel.
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Establishments specialized primarily in the consumption of beer (beer bars) are called "výčep" ("výčap" in Slovak), expressively "nálevna", or "pajzl" (from German Baisel, originally from Jidish). "Knajpa" (from German) is an expressive word, and "krčma" is rather archaic in Czech. The word "taverna"
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After 1500, taxes on wine and other alcoholic beverages grew increasingly more burdensome, not only because of the continual increase in the level of taxation but also because of the bewildering variety and multiplicity of the taxes. This chaotic system was enforced by an army of tax collectors. The
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The range and quality of pubs varies wildly throughout the UK as does the range of beers, wines, spirits and foods available. Most quality pubs will still serve cask ales and food. In recent years there has been a move towards "gastro" pubs where the menu is more ambitious. Originally, taverns
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which offered the finest meals before the restaurant appeared in the 18th century. Their stated purpose, however, was to serve wine (not beer or cider, which had other outlets) and they were so disreputable that women of any standing avoided them.
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was a notable meeting place in the 18th and 19th centuries, for example. However, the word tavern is no longer in popular use in the UK as there is no distinction between a tavern and an inn. Both establishments serve wine and beer/ale. The term
399:. There is generally a sign with some type of symbol, often related to the name of the premises, to draw in customers. The purpose of this is to indicate that the establishment sells alcohol and to set it apart from the competition.
443:; the style remains the same to this day. Greek tavernes (plural of taverna) are the most common restaurants in Greece. A typical menu includes portion dishes, or small dishes of meat and fish, as well as salads and appetizers.
282:, were the main places to dine out. Typically, a tavern offered various roast meats, as well as simple foods like bread, cheese, herring, and bacon. Some offered a wider variety of foods, though it would be cabarets and later
300:. In Paris, the first restaurant in the modern sense of the term was founded in 1765. However, the first Parisian restaurant worthy of the name was the one founded by Beauvilliers in 1782 in the Rue de Richelieu, called the
475:, with beer and refreshments being a recent addition. In Byzantine times, tavernes were the place for a social gathering, to enjoy a meal, live music and friendly talk with a drink accompanied by small variety dishes (
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had very high drinking rates, which led to the formation of a powerful prohibition movement in the 19th century. Magnusson (1986) explains why consumption of spirits was so high in a typical preindustrial village
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served as rest stops about every fifteen miles and their main focus was to provide shelter to anyone who was traveling. Such taverns would be divided into two major parts – the sleeping quarters and the
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Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In
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Lars
Magnusson (1986). "Drinking and the Verlag System 1820–1850: The Significance of Taverns and Drink in Eskilstuna Before Industrialisation".
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is the menu section that includes a variety of different casserole cooked dishes every day. The other choices are mainly prepared roasted (
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Slovak language prefers the word "krÄŤma" as a neutral colloquial term for pubs and restaurants. It is an old panslavic word.
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Ale, Beer, and
Brewsters in England: Women's Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600
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Alcohol and
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A History of the Food of Paris: From Roast
Mammoth to Steak Frites
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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942:The English Alehouse: A Social History, 1200–1800
730:"Gender and Alcohol Use in Early Modern Augsburg"
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1248:Index of drinking establishment–related articles
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381:Silver Cross Tavern
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1722:List of bartenders
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947:Unger, Richard W.
914:Alcohol: A History
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1329:Nightclub act
1327:
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1228:
1227:North America
1225:
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888:Gately, Iain
887:
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860:
854:
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843:
839:
835:
830:
823:(4): 331–374.
822:
818:
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796:
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788:
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777:
770:
766:
763:Anon (1952).
760:
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634:
631:
630:
626:
620:
615:
612:
611:Liquor portal
606:
601:
598:
592:
587:
579:
572:North America
569:
567:
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508:
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418:
414:
409:
400:
398:
392:
390:
386:
385:Spaniards Inn
382:
378:
374:
369:
368:London Tavern
361:
356:
351:
347:
337:
335:
326:
317:
315:
314:
309:
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257:
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219:
211:
207:
206:Parker Tavern
203:
197:
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185:
178:
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163:
159:
154:
141:
140:David Teniers
137:
133:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
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91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
26:
22:
1864:
1833:
1538:Melon baller
1513:Glass rimmer
1432:Tomato juice
1253:List of bars
1175:
1166:Saloon (bar)
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
913:
905:
889:
882:
878:(2 vol 2003)
875:
869:Bibliography
853:
845:
841:
840:, ĂšJÄŚ AVÄŚR,
837:
829:
820:
816:
803:
786:
782:
776:
765:YHA Songbook
764:
759:
751:
746:
737:
733:
723:
707:
702:
684:Tavern clock
648:List of bars
638:Coaching inn
563:
550:
543:
539:
522:
518:
514:
513:(guest) and
510:
506:
502:
500:
488:
486:
476:
470:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
434:
420:
406:
393:
365:
333:
331:
311:
306:
301:
295:
291:
284:
277:
264:
241:
217:
215:
212:architecture
194:were fired,
136:Tavern Scene
135:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
1841:Homebrewing
1783:Straight up
1743:Bottle keep
1730:Terminology
1563:Soda siphon
1463:Beer engine
1448:Absinthiana
1427:Sugar syrup
1412:Fruit juice
1386:Mixed drink
1302:Occupations
1071:Coffeehouse
1061:Cider house
1036:Beer garden
848:cited there
789:(1): 1–19.
718:, pp. 67-80
658:Prohibition
625:Wine portal
597:Beer portal
523:hospitality
408:Scandinavia
403:Scandinavia
313:L'Assommoir
298:restaurants
147: 1658
1925:Categories
1846:Craft beer
1788:Well drink
1763:Happy hour
1663:Strawberry
1473:Beer tower
1422:Soft drink
1295:Bartending
1200:By country
1186:Toddy shop
1151:Ratskeller
1111:Juke joint
1091:Honky tonk
716:1442272821
695:References
451:or fried.
445:Mageirefta
413:Eskilstuna
360:Portsmouth
308:Émile Zola
109:March 2013
79:newspapers
19:See also:
1773:Last call
1758:Gay night
1738:Body shot
1648:Pineapple
1593:Garnishes
1508:Drinkware
1503:Corkscrew
1458:Bar spoon
1441:Equipment
1417:Grenadine
1334:Sommelier
1314:Bartender
1207:Australia
1146:Pulqueria
1131:Nightclub
1106:Juice bar
1066:Cigar bar
1046:Biker bar
1041:Beer hall
531:billiards
449:tis oras)
310:'s novel
285:traiteurs
230:travelers
162:Jan Steen
1682:Inedible
1653:Rosemary
1518:Ice cube
1468:Beer tap
1376:Cocktail
1236:See also
1191:Wine bar
1181:Tiki bar
1171:Teahouse
1081:Fern bar
1076:Dive bar
1032:(saloon)
892:(2008).
817:Hesperia
750:Tlusty,
710:, 2018,
583:See also
519:gospodin
509:(host),
507:hostitel
503:hospodář
472:tsipouro
453:Orektika
280:cabarets
252:workshop
68:"Tavern"
1797:Related
1748:Dryness
1623:Flowers
1543:Muddler
1488:Chinois
1483:Blender
1407:Bitters
1339:Bouncer
1309:Barback
1217:Ireland
1156:Shebeen
1121:Meyhane
1101:Izakaya
1096:Ice bar
1086:Gay bar
1056:Cantina
1051:Brewpub
944:(1983).
937:(1988),
834:taverna
679:Taverna
643:Izakaya
546:Moravia
533:table,
515:hostina
461:retsina
437:taverna
320:Germany
243:taberna
234:lodging
210:saltbox
93:scholar
1908:
1834:tavern
1717:People
1643:Pickle
1613:Citrus
1608:Celery
1601:Edible
1583:Zester
1528:Juicer
1523:Jigger
1381:Liquor
1176:Tavern
1136:Ouzeri
960:online
921:Europe
896:
754:(2001)
714:
490:kafana
457:alifes
431:Greece
421:Verlag
417:Sweden
334:Kneipe
274:France
269:Europe
218:tavern
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1819:index
1673:Twist
1668:Sugar
1638:Olive
1573:Whisk
1371:Cider
1116:Jumak
813:(PDF)
535:darts
477:mezes
423:, or
415:) in
258:, or
256:stall
236:. An
158:Dutch
100:JSTOR
86:books
1658:Salt
1633:Mint
1391:Wine
1366:Beer
894:ISBN
844:and
712:ISBN
560:Iraq
555:Asia
511:host
466:ouzo
348:and
248:shed
226:food
72:news
23:and
1829:pub
1824:bar
1558:Peg
1141:Pub
1030:Bar
791:doi
668:Pub
544:In
527:inn
479:).
469:or
397:bar
391:".
373:pub
350:Inn
346:Pub
260:pub
238:inn
55:by
25:Pub
1927::
836:,
821:44
819:.
815:.
787:34
785:.
767:.
738:27
736:.
732:.
568:.
383:,
379:,
304:.
262:.
254:,
250:,
216:A
175:,
156:A
144:c.
142:,
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
1006:e
999:t
992:v
900:.
861:.
797:.
793::
411:(
371:'
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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