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inductively coupled. In local battery configurations, when the local loop was too long to provide sufficient current from the exchange, the transmitter was powered by a local battery and inductively coupled, while the receiver was included in the local loop. The coupling transformer and the ringer were mounted in a separate enclosure, called the subscriber set. The dial switch in the base interrupted the line current by repeatedly but very briefly disconnecting the line one to ten times for each digit, and the hook switch (in the center of the circuit diagram) disconnected the line and the transmitter battery while the handset was on the cradle.
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512:(USPTO) in March 1876. Before Bell's patent, the telephone transmitted sound in a way that was similar to the telegraph. This method used vibrations and circuits to send electrical pulses, but was missing key features. Bell found that this method produced a sound through intermittent currents, but in order for the telephone to work a fluctuating current reproduced sounds the best. The fluctuating currents became the basis for the working telephone, creating Bell's patent. That first patent by Bell was the
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1387:, which can operate many of the device's functions, as well as enabling users to use spoken commands to interact with the internet. Typically alphanumeric text input is accomplished via an on-screen virtual keyboard, although some smartphones have a small physical keyboard. Smartphones offer the ability to access internet data through the cellular network and via wi-fi, and usually allow direct connectivity to other devices via
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843:" for its shape. When not in use, the receiver hung on a hook with a switch in it, known as a "switchhook". Previous telephones required the user to operate a separate switch to connect either the voice or the bell. With the new kind, the user was less likely to leave the phone "off the hook". In phones connected to magneto exchanges, the bell, induction coil, battery and magneto were in a separate bell box or "
4139:
1238:
1256:. The cellular network consists of a network of ground based transmitter/receiver stations with antennas – which are usually located on towers or on buildings – and infrastructure connecting to land-based telephone lines. Analog cellular networks first appeared in 1979, with the first digital cellular networks appearing in the early 1990s.
719:– their diaphragm vibrated a coil of wire in the field of a permanent magnet or the coil vibrated the diaphragm. The sound-powered dynamic variants survived in small numbers through the 20th century in military and maritime applications, where its ability to create its own electrical power was crucial. Most, however, used the Edison/Berliner
1503:
Satellite phones are popular on expeditions into remote locations, hunting, fishing, maritime sector, humanitarian missions, business trips, and mining in hard-to-reach areas, where there is no reliable cellular service. Satellite telephones rarely get disrupted by natural disasters on Earth or human
1479:
do. Therefore, they can work in most geographic locations on the Earth's surface, as long as open sky and the line-of-sight between the phone and the satellite is provided. Depending on the architecture of a particular system, coverage may include the entire Earth or only specific regions. Satellite
1282:
display, with some types, such as smartphones, having touch screens. Since the 1990s, mobile phones have gained other features which are not directly related to their primary function as telephones. These include text messaging, calendars, alarm clocks, personal schedulers, cameras, music players,
1407:
readily accessible via IP connections. Smartphones also have access to a large number of web services and web apps, giving them functionality similar to traditional computers, although smartphones are often limited by their relatively small screen size and the size of their keyboards. Typically,
876:
desk set. A carbon granule transmitter and electromagnetic receiver were united in a single molded plastic handle, which when not in use was secured in a cradle in the base unit. The circuit diagram of the model 202 shows the direct connection of the transmitter to the line, while the receiver was
637:
reported "It is rumored that
English technicians to whom Manzetti illustrated his method for transmitting spoken words on the telegraph wire intend to apply said invention in England on several private telegraph lines". However, telephones would not be demonstrated there until 1876, with a set of
629:
before the
Physical Society of Frankfurt. It was the first device to transmit a voice via electronic signals and for that the first modern telephone. Reis also coined the term. He used his telephone to transmit the phrase "Das Pferd frisst keinen Gurkensalat" ("The horse does not eat cucumber
686:
7 March 1876: Bell's U.S. patent 174,465 "Improvement in
Telegraphy" is granted, covering "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically…by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other
751:). The earliest dynamic telephones also had only one port opening for sound, with the user alternately listening and speaking (or rather, shouting) into the same hole. Sometimes the instruments were operated in pairs at each end, making conversation more convenient but also more expensive.
1120:
While traditional analog telephones are typically powered from the central office through the telephone line, digital telephones require a local power supply. Internet-based digital service also requires special provisions to provide the service location to the emergency services when an
939:
758:, who had to arrange for a telegraph contractor to construct a line between them, for example, between a home and a shop. Users who wanted the ability to speak to several different locations would need to obtain and set up three or four pairs of telephones.
318:
The first telephones were directly connected to each other from one customer's office or residence to another customer's location. Being impractical beyond just a few customers, these systems were quickly replaced by manually operated centrally located
1436:
and by 2005 that percentage had risen to 46%. By the end of 2009, there were a total of nearly 6 billion mobile and fixed-line telephone subscribers worldwide. This included 1.26 billion fixed-line subscribers and 4.6 billion mobile subscribers.
884:
becoming commonplace in the 1930s in many areas enabled customer-dialed service, but some magneto systems remained even into the 1960s. After World War II, the telephone networks saw rapid expansion and more efficient telephone sets, such as the
2100:
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1295:(MMS) protocol enables users to send and receive multimedia content, such as photos, audio files and video files. As their functionality has increased over the years, many types of mobile phone, notably smartphones, require an
831:
hand-cranked generator to produce a high voltage alternating signal to ring the bells of other telephones on the line and to alert the operator. Some local farming communities that were not connected to the main networks set up
701:
files a patent application for a carbon (graphite) transmitter. It was published as No. 474,230 on 3 May 1892, after a 15-year delay because of litigation. Edison was granted patent 222,390 for a carbon granules transmitter in
1104:
IP telephony uses high-bandwidth
Internet connections and specialized customer premises equipment to transmit telephone calls via the Internet, or any modern private data network. The customer equipment may be an
739:
personnel was to visit each telephone periodically to inspect the battery. During the 20th century, telephones powered from the telephone exchange over the same wires that carried the voice signals became common.
2097:"Ueber Telephonie durch den galvanischen Strom. In: Jahres-Bericht des physikalischen Vereins zu Frankfurt am Main fĂĽr das Rechnungsjahr 1860-1861, pp. 57-64 by Johann Philipp REIS on Milestones of Science Books"
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10 March 1876: The first successful telephone transmission of clear speech using a liquid transmitter when Bell spoke into his device, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you." and Watson heard each word
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transformer to make it compatible with the impedance of the line. The Edison patents kept the Bell monopoly viable into the 20th century, by which time the network was more important than the instrument.
679:
applies for the patent "Improvements in
Telegraphy", for electromagnetic telephones using what is now called amplitude modulation (oscillating current and voltage) but which he referred to as "undulating
2096:
1196:, which the base station recharges when the handset rests in its cradle. Muilt-handset systems generally also have additional charging stands. A cordless telephone typically requires a constant
605:
first mooted the idea of a "speaking telegraph" or telephone. Use of the "speaking telegraph" and "sound telegraph" monikers would eventually be replaced by the newer, distinct name, "telephone".
1420:. In addition to voice calls, smartphone users commonly communicate using a wide variety of messaging formats, including SMS, MMS, email, and various proprietary messaging services, such as
903:
257:
for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable in
889:
in the United States, were developed that permitted larger local networks centered around central offices. A breakthrough new technology was the introduction of Touch-Tone signaling using
1375:
As of 2022, most mobile phones are smartphones, being a combination of a mobile phone and a personal computing device in the same unit. Most smartphones are primarily operated using a
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1492:
access are supported through most systems. The advantage of a satellite phone is that it can be used in such regions where local terrestrial communication infrastructures, such as
2155:
1691:
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Base stations include a radio transceiver which enables full-duplex, outgoing and incoming signals and speech with the handsets. The base station often includes a microphone,
401:
was applied to other inventions, and not all early researchers of the electrical device used the term. Perhaps the earliest use of the word for a communications system was the
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1025:
in 1947 dramatically changed the technology used in telephone systems and in the long-distance transmission networks, over the next several decades. With the development of
941:
847:". In phones connected to common battery exchanges, the ringer box was installed under a desk, or other out-of-the-way place, since it did not need a battery or magneto.
662:
6 April 1875: Bell's U.S. Patent 161,739 "Transmitters and
Receivers for Electric Telegraphs" is granted. This uses multiple vibrating steel reeds in make-break circuits.
331:
were introduced for personal service starting in 1973. In later decades, the analog cellular system evolved into digital networks with greater capability and lower cost.
618:(Paris): "Transmission Ă©lectrique de la parole" (electric transmission of speech), describing a "make-and-break" type telephone transmitter later created by Johann Reis.
1093:
article suggested that
Internet telephony may be "the next big thing." The technology has spawned a new industry comprising many VoIP companies that offer services to
311:
or a visual indicator, to announce an incoming telephone call. Telephone calls are initiated most commonly with a keypad or dial, affixed to the telephone, to enter a
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19 February 1876: Gray is notified by the U.S. Patent Office of an interference between his caveat and Bell's patent application. Gray decides to abandon his caveat.
327:. For greater mobility, various radio systems were developed in the mid-20th century for transmission between mobile stations on ships and in automobiles. Hand-held
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1408:
smartphones feature such tools as cameras, media players, web browsers, email clients, interactive maps, satellite navigation and a variety of sensors, such as a
1756:
538:. In the U.S., a somewhat dated slang term refers to the telephone as "the horn," as in "I couldn't get him on the horn," or "I'll be off the horn in a moment."
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which are sent through the telecommunications system to the receiving telephone, which converts the signals into audible sound in the receiver or sometimes a
315:, which is the address of the call recipient's telephone in the telecommunications system, but other methods existed in the early history of the telephone.
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in the U.S. Patent Office, titled "Sound
Telegraph", describing communication of voice between two people by wire. A patent caveat was not an invention
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Early telephones were locally powered, using either a dynamic transmitter or by the powering of a transmitter with a local battery. One of the jobs of
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in which the operators in the signaling towers would shout to each other by means of what he called "speaking tubes", but would now be called giant
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A cordless telephone system consisting of a handset resting on a base station (left) and a second handset resting on a battery charger unit (right)
960:
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What turned out to be the most popular and longest-lasting physical style of telephone was introduced in the early 20th century, including Bell's
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30 January 1877: Bell's U.S. patent 186,787 is granted for an electromagnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and a call bell.
1165:. The base station connects to a telephone line, or provides service by voice over IP (VOIP). The handset communicates with the base station via
3024:(solid back carbon transmitter)—Anthony C. White (Bell engineer) This design was used until 1925 and installed phones were used until the 1940s.
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In the 1930s, telephone sets were developed that combined the bell and induction coil with the desk set, obviating a separate ringer box. The
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1403:, have vastly expanded functionality compared to previous mobile phones. Having internet access and built in cameras, smartphones have made
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Before the era of smartphones, mobile phones were generally manufactured by companies specializing in telecommunications equipment, such as
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signals. A handset's operational range is limited, usually to within the same building or within a short distance from the base station.
854:, separate from the cradle base that housed the magneto crank and other parts. They were larger than the "candlestick" and more popular.
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In the 1890s a new smaller style of telephone was introduced, packaged in three parts. The transmitter stood on a stand, known as a "
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The development of digital data communications methods made it possible to digitize voice and transmit it as real-time data across
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and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived from
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conversations, without needing to use a handset. The base station may also have a numeric keypad for dialing, and a display for
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was launched in the 1980's, providing businesses and consumers with access to digital telephony services such as data, voice,
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award, but only an unverified notice filed by an individual that he or she intends to file a patent application in the future.
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Cradle designs were also used at this time, having a handle with the receiver and transmitter attached, now called a
715:, some had a metal diaphragm that induced current in an electromagnet wound around a permanent magnet, and some were
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1271:(IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers to the cellular network.
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1101:. The reported global VoIP market in October 2021 was $ 85.2 billion with a projection of $ 102.5 billion by 2026.
435:, in c. 1860. His device appears to be the first device based on the conversion of sound into electrical impulses.
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to power the base station and charger units by means of a DC transformer which plugs into a wall AC power outlet.
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from their own telephones but made an appointment and were connected with the assistance of a telephone operator.
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and two for speaking. Large wall telephones in the early 20th century usually incorporated the bell, and separate
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At first, the benefits of a telephone exchange were not exploited. Instead, telephones were leased in pairs to a
85:
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1925:
Beauchamp, Christopher (2010). "Who
Invented the Telephone?: Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History".
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1953: Alexander Graham Bell: "Improvement in Telegraphy" filed on February 14, 1876, granted on March 7, 1876.
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11 February 1876: Elisha Gray invents a liquid transmitter for use with the telephone but does not build one.
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has provided a broad spectrum of capabilities in cell phones, including mobile computing, giving rise to the
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1874: Meucci, after having renewed the caveat for two years does not renew it again, and the caveat lapses.
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288:) which reproduces the voice at a distant location. The receiver and transmitter are usually built into a
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Allstot, David J. (2016). "Switched
Capacitor Filters". In Maloberti, Franco; Davies, Anthony C. (eds.).
1818:
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2631:"Are Cell Phones Ruining Our Social Skills? – SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy"
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A Short History of Circuits and Systems: From Green, Mobile, Pervasive Networking to Big Data Computing
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functionality. Nearly all mobile phones have the ability to send text messages to other users via the
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communication tools in emergency situations, when the local communications system can be compromised.
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into the transmitter. Exchange operation soon resulted in telephones being equipped with a bell in a
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Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed. As with other influential
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and improved on each other's ideas. New controversies over the issue still arise from time to time.
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A satellite telephone, or satphone, is a type of mobile phone that connects to other phones or the
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application, utilizing the microphone and headset devices of a personal computer or smartphone.
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or cellphone or hand phone is a handheld telephone which connects via radio transmissions to a
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of the telephone, from which other patents for electric telephone devices and features flowed.
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Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone by the
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began in an appropriately primitive manner. The user alerted the other end, or the exchange
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323:. These exchanges were soon connected together, eventually forming an automated, worldwide
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which is held up to the ear and mouth during conversation. The transmitter converts the
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International Telecommunication Union website, 4 September 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
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The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray – Alexander Bell Controversy.
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2326:"Newsweek – National News, World News, Health, Technology, Entertainment and more..."
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Mueller, Milton. (1993) "Universal service in telephone history: A reconstruction."
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to be inserted into the phone. The SIM card is a small PVC card containing a small
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Acoustic telephone ad, The Consolidated Telephone Co., Jersey City, New Jersey, 1886
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2567:"Smartphones Market - Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022 - 2027)"
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912:(ca. 1931), the first combined telephone made with a Bakelite housing and handset.
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1989:
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Historical first patents: the first United States patent for many everyday things
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A typical SIM card (mini-SIM with a cutout to convert the card to micro-SIM size)
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and a touch screen. Many phones have a secondary voice user interface, such as
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The People's Network: The Political Economy of the Telephone in the Gilded Age.
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had already led to the use of twisted pairs and, for long-distance telephones,
797:
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642:
626:
557:
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1074:, giving rise to the field of Internet Protocol (IP) telephony, also known as
505:, amongst others, have all been credited with the invention of the telephone.
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when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts
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is used as a slang term for a telephone. The term came from navy slang for a
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1881:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 547–57.
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Rural and other telephones that were not on a common battery exchange had a
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that exploited the existing system of field fences to transmit the signal.
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2538:"From 1G to 5G: The History of Cell Phones and their Cellular Generations"
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to run. Popular mobile phone operating systems in the past have included
1109:(ATA) which translates the signals of a conventional analog telephone; an
442:
was adopted into the vocabulary of many languages. It is derived from the
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1900:(illustrated ed.). University of Michigan: Scarecrow Press. p.
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723:, which was much louder than the other kinds, even though it required an
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421:, was invented by Captain John Taylor in 1844. This instrument used four
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that is rapidly replacing traditional telephone network infrastructure.
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phones provide similar functionality to terrestrial mobile telephones;
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created by Gottfried Huth in 1796. Huth proposed an alternative to the
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Bell's first telephone transmitter, ca. 1876, reenacted 50 years later
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In 1876, shortly after Bell's patent application, Hungarian engineer
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Early telephones used a single wire for the subscriber's line, with
304:. Telephones permit transmission in both directions simultaneously.
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used the term in reference to his invention, commonly known as the
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2380:"VoIP Equipment Guide 2022: Types of Hardware + Top Manufacturers"
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proposed the telephone switch, which allowed for the formation of
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By January 2005, up to 10% of telephone subscribers in Japan and
1049:, which improved the capacity, quality, and cost of the network.
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Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in 1892
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19:"Phone" redirects here. For the handheld personal computer, see
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had switched to this digital telephone service. A January 2005
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for transmitting the human voice through a telegraphic circuit.
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Disadvantages of single-wire operation such as crosstalk and
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182:
2681:"Satellite phone: know the 5 sectors that use them the most"
1315:. As of 2022, the most used operating systems are Google's
1189:. In addition, answering machine function may be built in.
824:
for desk phones dwindled away in the middle of the century.
307:
Most telephones also contain an alerting feature, such as a
3961:
2189:"Tone dialing telephones are introduced, November 18, 1963"
1380:
1279:
1237:
865:. Users at the beginning of the 20th century did not place
397:
Before the development of the electric telephone, the term
212:
2795:
America calling: A social history of the telephone to 1940
2710:"Everything That You Need to Know About a Satellite Phone"
2267:"What is ISDN - Essentials Guide » Electronics Notes"
2601:"The history of cell phones: A decade-by-decade timeline"
1392:
1320:
1288:
1060:
2837:. American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T).
2752:
Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude
2659:
Next-Generation Networks Set to Transform Communications
1804:. Simpkin, Marshall, and Company. July 6, 1845. p.
1368:
A smartphone with a touchscreen user interface, held in
1837:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p.
1218:
Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992
990:
770:, and Bell was not slow in appreciating the potential.
711:
Early telephones were technically diverse. Some used a
385:
and credited by several sources as the first telephone.
2812:
Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications.
1009:
An IP desktop telephone attached to a computer network
2974:(Bell's first telephone patent)—Alexander Graham Bell
1991:
Jackspeak: A guide to British Naval slang & usage
417:. A communication device for sailing vessels, called
341:, the dominant type of telephone in the world today.
2594:
2592:
2494:
Walters, Lourens O; Kritzinger, PS (December 2000).
2404:"VoIP Phone System Battery Backups | voipreview.org"
2071:
Turner, Gerard L'Estrange; Weston, Margaret (1983).
1515:
361:
Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy
3032:
Duplex Radio Communication and Signalling Apparatus
2781:
The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History.
1455:
First generation late 1990s Iridium satellite phone
1017:
Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants 1997–2007
481:, several inventors pioneered experimental work on
177:device that permits two or more users to conduct a
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2953:is available for free viewing and download at the
2940:is available for free viewing and download at the
2927:is available for free viewing and download at the
2914:is available for free viewing and download at the
2901:is available for free viewing and download at the
2559:
2506:(2). Association for Computing Machinery: 4–ff35.
2148:"The beginning of long distance telephone service"
2043:The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History
1893:
1834:The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History
2984:(permanent magnet receiver)—Alexander Graham Bell
2881:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 547–557.
2589:
2493:
1432:In 2002, only 10% of the world's population used
808:automatic exchanges had seven wires, one for the
4155:
2748:
541:
369:Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone Patent Drawing
2821:Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2500:XRDS: Crossroads, the ACM Magazine for Students
2459:
2457:
2296:"VoIP is winning over a variety of phone users"
2075:. University of California Press. p. 140.
1504:actions such as war, so they have proven to be
1113:, a dedicated standalone device; or a computer
706:
2496:"Cellular Networks: Past, Present, and Future"
1682:"Who Is Credited With Inventing the Telephone"
425:to communicate with vessels in foggy weather.
3077:
2678:
458:, "voice", together meaning "distant voice".
2454:
2070:
1399:connectors. Smartphones, being able to run
1037:, and new transmission technologies such as
792:) in series with the bell coil to allow the
272:The essential elements of a telephone are a
253:was the first to be granted a United States
4092:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
3014:(carbon granules transmitter)—Thomas Edison
2869:Kempe, Harry Robert; Garcke, Emile (1911).
2868:
2802:The Worldwide History of Telecommunications
2463:
1865:Kempe, Harry Robert; Garcke, Emile (1911).
1864:
924:Telephone used by American soldiers (WWII,
796:ringer signal through while still blocking
4128:
3084:
3070:
1987:
1053:Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
895:American Telephone & Telegraph Company
592:Wooden wall telephone with a hand-cranked
3004:(carbon button transmitter)—Thomas Edison
2937:"Telephone Memories (Reel 2 of 2) (1931)"
2924:"Telephone Memories (Reel 1 of 2) (1931)"
2073:Nineteenth-century Scientific Instruments
1924:
1801:The Year-book of Facts in Science and Art
1749:"Bell did not invent telephone, US rules"
1181:, and a loudspeaker to enable hands-free
804:"). Telephones connected to the earliest
747:used to complete the circuit (as used in
510:United States Patent and Trademark Office
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
2814:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1860:
1858:
1450:
1363:
1269:international mobile subscriber identity
1236:
1228:
1213:
1138:
1012:
1004:
587:
579:
571:
563:
552:
388:
372:
364:
149:
137:
2535:
2529:
2487:
2351:"Global VoIP Services Market 2021-2026"
2217:
2211:
1819:"The Telephone and Telephone Exchanges"
1746:
1291:(Short Message Service) protocol. The
1274:Mobile phones generally incorporate an
1161:unit and one or more portable cordless
4156:
3091:
1715:Sound-Powered Telephone Talkers Manual
1128:
625:(1834–1874) publicly demonstrated the
4179:Discovery and invention controversies
3065:
2124:. Telephonymuseum.com. Archived from
1891:
1885:
1855:
1821:by J. E. Kingsbury published in 1915.
1777:Holzmann, Gerard J.; Pehrson, Björn,
1570:List of telephone operating companies
1427:
1283:games and later, internet access and
612:published an article in the magazine
335:Convergence in communication services
185:, typically and most efficiently the
4138:
3042:Cellular Mobile Communication System
2994:(graphite transmitter)—Thomas Edison
2834:A Capsule History of the Bell System
2598:
2323:
2199:from the original on 7 November 2022
1424:and various social media platforms.
991:Digital telephones and voice over IP
64:adding citations to reliable sources
35:
2145:
2039:
1933:: 858–859 – via Project MUSE.
1830:
1560:Index of telephone-related articles
1440:
13:
2886:Virtual museum of early telephones
2848:Early U.S. Telephone Industry Data
2790:Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
2783:Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
2743:Telephone: The first hundred years
2735:
2577:from the original on 8 August 2022
2064:
1779:The Early History of Data Networks
1759:from the original on July 31, 2018
14:
4225:
3058:)—Martin Cooper et al. (Motorola)
2841:
2464:Freudenrich, Craig (2000-12-11).
2437:Federal Communications Commission
2229:IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
968:sound-powered emergency telephone
325:public switched telephone network
4137:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4106:
3727:Free-space optical communication
2797:(Univ of California Press, 1994)
1767:– via www.theguardian.com.
1518:
1313:mobile phone versions of Windows
1203:
1192:The cordless handset contains a
1078:(VoIP). VoIP has proven to be a
974:
959:
951:Video shows the operation of an
937:
917:
902:
816:, one for the bell, one for the
344:
169:, colloquially referred to as a
40:
2769:Casson, Herbert Newton. (1910)
2720:from the original on 2023-01-12
2702:
2691:from the original on 2023-01-13
2672:
2652:
2641:from the original on 2017-11-20
2623:
2611:from the original on 2024-09-16
2548:from the original on 2022-10-05
2536:Galazzo, Richard (2022-01-24).
2518:from the original on 2022-11-05
2476:from the original on 2022-08-08
2443:from the original on 2022-08-11
2425:
2414:from the original on 2022-08-08
2396:
2372:
2361:from the original on 2021-12-04
2343:
2317:
2306:from the original on 2022-08-30
2288:
2277:from the original on 2022-08-28
2259:
2181:
2169:
2158:from the original on 2023-03-06
2139:
2114:
2103:from the original on 2024-01-14
2089:
2033:
2008:
1981:
1970:from the original on 2017-10-18
1956:
1937:
1918:
1747:Carroll, Rory (June 17, 2002).
1694:from the original on 2020-10-18
1663:from the original on 2020-10-27
1657:"Etymology of the word "phone""
1500:networks, are not available.
1172:
668:14 February 1876: Gray files a
546:For a chronological guide, see
51:needs additional citations for
2861:New International Encyclopedia
2804:Hoboken: NJ: Wiley-IEEE Press.
2466:"How Cordless Telephones Work"
1824:
1812:
1792:
1771:
1740:
1705:
1674:
1649:
1391:or a wired interface, such as
1353:
859:hum from nearby AC power wires
483:voice transmission over a wire
157:push button telephone made by
1:
3044:—Amos Edward Joel (Bell Labs)
2178:, Porticus Telephone website.
1808:– via Internet Archive.
1642:
542:Timeline of early development
4199:Telecommunications equipment
4113:Telecommunication portal
3894:Telecommunications equipment
2800:Huurdeman, Anton A. (2003).
2771:The history of the telephone
2755:. Cornell University Press.
2679:ruge.axessnet (2018-08-28).
1580:Multimedia messaging service
1293:multimedia messaging service
1241:An SMS message written on a
1076:voice over Internet Protocol
1035:electronic switching systems
707:Early commercial instruments
232:
213:
161:, model 2500 DMG black, 1980
7:
3630:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2898:"Now You're Talking (1927)"
2786:Evenson, A. Edward (2000).
1713:"United States Coast Guard
1511:
834:barbed wire telephone lines
527:, and eventually networks.
10:
4230:
3334:Telecommunications history
2793:Fischer, Claude S. (1994)
2176:Circuit Diagram, Model 102
1994:. Bloomsbury. p. 46.
1444:
1357:
1254:cellular telephone network
1207:
1132:
1123:emergency telephone number
1045:gradually evolved towards
994:
584:1896 telephone from Sweden
545:
357:Invention of the telephone
354:
348:
226:
202:
29:Telephone (disambiguation)
18:
4101:
4043:
3980:
3942:Public Switched Telephone
3902:
3866:
3823:
3764:
3754:telecommunication circuit
3715:Fiber-optic communication
3698:
3460:Francis Blake (telephone)
3407:
3255:Optical telecommunication
3099:
2950:"Far Speaking (ca. 1935)"
2831:Todd, Kenneth P. (1998),
2826:Telecommunications Policy
2749:Bruce, Robert V. (1990).
2271:www.electronics-notes.com
1781:, pp. 90-91, Wiley, 1995
548:Timeline of the telephone
447:
193:that are transmitted via
16:Telecommunications device
3853:Orbital angular-momentum
3290:Satellite communications
3129:Communications satellite
1377:graphical user interface
1267:which stores the user's
1259:Mobile phones require a
1107:analog telephone adapter
351:History of the telephone
4214:19th-century inventions
3732:Molecular communication
3555:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3384:Undersea telegraph line
3119:Cable protection system
2878:Encyclopædia Britannica
1878:Encyclopædia Britannica
1621:Telephone jack and plug
1575:Mobile operating system
1540:Bell Telephone Memorial
1471:instead of terrestrial
1031:MOS integrated circuits
530:In the United Kingdom,
280:) to speak into and an
3874:Communication protocol
3660:Charles Sumner Tainter
3475:Walter Houser Brattain
3420:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3228:Information revolution
3052:Radio Telephone System
2911:"Communication (1928)"
2714:Satellite Phone Review
2472:. InfoSpace Holdings.
2433:"VoIP and 911 Service"
2046:. McFarland. pp.
1927:Technology and Culture
1892:Brown, Travis (1994).
1586:Party line (telephony)
1463:by radio link through
1456:
1372:
1245:
1234:
1226:
1144:
1027:stored program control
1018:
1010:
891:push-button telephones
597:
585:
577:
569:
561:
394:
386:
370:
162:
147:
25:Phone (disambiguation)
23:. For other uses, see
3848:Polarization-division
3580:Narinder Singh Kapany
3545:Erna Schneider Hoover
3465:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3445:Alexander Graham Bell
3176:online video platform
2741:Brooks, John (1976).
2512:10.1145/355146.355149
2328:MSNBC. Archived from
2302:. 18 September 2006.
1454:
1370:landscape orientation
1367:
1240:
1232:
1217:
1142:
1080:disruptive technology
1039:pulse-code modulation
1021:The invention of the
1016:
1008:
985:, called a cell phone
677:Alexander Graham Bell
638:telephones from Bell.
591:
583:
575:
567:
556:
499:Alexander Graham Bell
392:
376:
368:
355:Further information:
251:Alexander Graham Bell
153:
141:
3690:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3650:Almon Brown Strowger
3620:Charles Grafton Page
3275:Prepaid mobile phone
3203:Electrical telegraph
2828:17.5 (1993): 352–69.
2817:MacDougall, Robert.
2355:Research and Markets
2231:. pp. 105–110.
2195:. 18 November 2019.
1488:, and low-bandwidth
1194:rechargeable battery
897:(AT&T) in 1963.
800:(keeping the phone "
242:), together meaning
60:improve this article
4189:Scottish inventions
4174:Canadian inventions
4169:American inventions
3640:Johann Philipp Reis
3399:Wireless revolution
3361:The Telephone Cases
3218:Hydraulic telegraph
2982:Electric Telegraphy
2891:The Telephone, 1877
2779:Coe, Lewis (1995).
2607:. Authority Media.
2571:Mordor Intelligence
2332:on January 18, 2005
2324:Sheridan, Barrett.
2152:The Palm Beach Post
2040:Coe, Lewis (2006).
1988:Rick Jolly (2018).
1831:Coe, Lewis (1995).
1687:Library of Congress
1129:Cordless telephones
887:model 500 telephone
867:long-distance calls
623:Johann Philipp Reis
525:telephone exchanges
495:Johann Philipp Reis
429:Johann Philipp Reis
4164:1876 introductions
3838:Frequency-division
3815:Telephone exchange
3685:Charles Wheatstone
3615:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3590:Innocenzo Manzetti
3525:Reginald Fessenden
3260:Optical telegraphy
3093:Telecommunications
3002:Speaking Telephone
2992:Speaking Telegraph
2665:2016-03-03 at the
2599:Wankhede, Calvin.
1550:Cordless telephone
1457:
1428:Mobile phone usage
1373:
1265:integrated circuit
1246:
1235:
1227:
1198:electricity supply
1155:portable telephone
1150:cordless telephone
1145:
1135:Cordless telephone
1019:
1011:
863:four-wire circuits
729:impedance matching
721:carbon transmitter
675:14 February 1876:
641:28 December 1871:
635:La Feuille d'Aoste
603:Innocenzo Manzetti
598:
586:
578:
570:
562:
454:, "far" and φωνή,
395:
387:
371:
298:electrical signals
224:'far' and
189:, into electronic
175:telecommunications
163:
148:
4184:German inventions
4151:
4150:
3889:Store and forward
3884:Data transmission
3798:Network switching
3749:Transmission line
3595:Guglielmo Marconi
3560:Internet pioneers
3425:Mohamed M. Atalla
3394:Whistled language
2872:"Telephone"
2855:"Telephone"
2762:978-0-8014-9691-2
2605:Android Authority
1964:"Puskás, Tivadar"
1911:978-0-8108-2898-8
1868:"Telephone"
1848:978-0-7864-2609-6
1626:Telephone tapping
1555:Harvard sentences
1526:Telephones portal
1461:telephone network
1068:computer networks
1047:digital telephony
997:Digital telephony
946:
926:Minalin, Pampanga
910:Ericsson DBH 1001
621:26 October 1861:
407:optical telegraph
223:
211:
136:
135:
128:
110:
4221:
4194:Office equipment
4141:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4109:
3982:Notable networks
3972:Wireless network
3912:Cellular network
3904:Types of network
3879:Computer network
3766:Network topology
3680:Thomas A. Watson
3535:Oliver Heaviside
3520:Philo Farnsworth
3495:Daniel Davis Jr.
3470:Charles Bourseul
3430:John Logie Baird
3139:Data compression
3134:Computer network
3086:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3012:Carbon Telephone
2969:
2966:pdfpiw.uspto.gov
2955:Internet Archive
2942:Internet Archive
2929:Internet Archive
2916:Internet Archive
2903:Internet Archive
2882:
2874:
2865:
2857:
2808:John, Richard R.
2766:
2745:. HarperCollins.
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2676:
2670:
2656:
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2582:
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2556:
2554:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2491:
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2482:
2481:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2429:
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2422:
2420:
2419:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2357:. October 2021.
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2300:Orlando Sentinel
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2241:. Archived from
2226:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2146:DiPirro, Peggy.
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1966:. Omikk.bme.hu.
1960:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1870:
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1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1722:. Archived from
1721:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1653:
1616:Telephone keypad
1545:Cellular network
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1441:Satellite phones
1297:operating system
1243:Motorola RAZR V3
1220:Motorola 8900X-2
978:
963:
948:
947:
921:
906:
713:water microphone
633:22 August 1865,
610:Charles Bourseul
608:26 August 1854:
558:Reis's telephone
487:Charles Bourseul
449:
313:telephone number
237:
229:
228:
218:
216:
206:
204:
159:Western Electric
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
109:
68:
44:
36:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4209:Home appliances
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4107:
4105:
4097:
4039:
3976:
3898:
3862:
3819:
3768:
3760:
3701:
3694:
3600:Robert Metcalfe
3455:Tim Berners-Lee
3403:
3223:Information Age
3095:
3090:
3034:—G. H. Sweigert
2960:
2947:The short film
2934:The short film
2921:The short film
2908:The short film
2895:The short film
2852:
2844:
2763:
2738:
2736:Further reading
2733:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2673:
2667:Wayback Machine
2657:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2597:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2534:
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2521:
2519:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2455:
2446:
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2430:
2426:
2417:
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2401:
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2200:
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2186:
2182:
2174:
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2159:
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2120:
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2115:
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2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2020:Merriam-Webster
2014:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
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1943:
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1695:
1680:
1679:
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1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1601:Satellite phone
1524:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1449:
1447:Satellite phone
1443:
1430:
1362:
1356:
1212:
1206:
1179:audio amplifier
1175:
1167:radio frequency
1137:
1131:
1003:
995:Main articles:
993:
986:
979:
970:
964:
955:
949:
938:
933:
922:
913:
907:
812:, one for each
806:Strowger switch
709:
697:27 April 1877:
551:
544:
377:Replica of the
363:
353:
347:
132:
121:
115:
112:
69:
67:
57:
45:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4227:
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4176:
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3870:
3868:
3864:
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3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3833:Space-division
3829:
3827:
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3818:
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3812:
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3805:
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3712:
3706:
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3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Camille Tissot
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Claude Shannon
3642:
3637:
3635:Tivadar Puskás
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Antonio Meucci
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Charles K. Kao
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Harold Hopkins
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Emile Berliner
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Videotelephony
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3364:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3287:
3285:Radiotelephone
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Internet video
3163:
3162:
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3151:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
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2958:
2945:
2932:
2919:
2906:
2893:
2888:
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2866:
2850:
2843:
2842:External links
2840:
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2767:
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2588:
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2528:
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2453:
2439:. 2011-05-26.
2424:
2410:. 2011-09-15.
2395:
2371:
2342:
2316:
2287:
2258:
2237:
2210:
2180:
2168:
2138:
2122:"Ringer Boxes"
2113:
2088:
2081:
2063:
2056:
2032:
2007:
2000:
1980:
1955:
1936:
1917:
1910:
1884:
1873:Chisholm, Hugh
1854:
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1811:
1791:
1770:
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1641:
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1608:
1603:
1598:
1596:Radiotelephone
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1486:text messaging
1445:Main article:
1442:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1414:accelerometers
1358:Main article:
1355:
1352:
1208:Main article:
1205:
1202:
1174:
1171:
1157:consists of a
1133:Main article:
1130:
1127:
992:
989:
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971:
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914:
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901:
725:induction coil
708:
705:
704:
703:
695:
692:
688:
684:
681:
673:
666:
663:
660:
657:
643:Antonio Meucci
639:
631:
627:Reis telephone
619:
615:L'Illustration
606:
543:
540:
521:Tivadar Puskás
491:Antonio Meucci
433:Reis telephone
383:Antonio Meucci
381:, invented by
349:Main article:
346:
343:
134:
133:
48:
46:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4226:
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3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3858:Code-division
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Time-division
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:and switching
3767:
3763:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3720:optical fiber
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Coaxial cable
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:Radia Perlman
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
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3576:
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3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Lee de Forest
3513:
3511:
3510:Thomas Edison
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:Donald Davies
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Claude Chappe
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
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3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3363:
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3358:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Smoke signals
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:Semiconductor
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
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3266:
3263:
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3258:
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3253:
3249:
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3231:
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3201:
3199:
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3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
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3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:Digital media
3164:
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3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
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3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
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3087:
3082:
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3039:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
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3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
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2989:
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2799:
2796:
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2789:
2785:
2782:
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2764:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2640:
2636:
2635:sites.psu.edu
2632:
2626:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2475:
2471:
2470:HowStuffWorks
2467:
2460:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2248:on 2021-09-30
2244:
2240:
2238:9788793609860
2234:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2128:on 2001-10-12
2127:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2082:9780520051607
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2057:9780786426096
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2016:"on the horn"
2011:
2003:
2001:9781472834140
1997:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1729:on 2018-05-14
1725:
1718:
1717:, 1979, p. 1"
1716:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1688:
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1629:
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1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Phone hacking
1589:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
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1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:voice calling
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:orbiting the
1466:
1462:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1435:
1434:mobile phones
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:GPS receivers
1415:
1411:
1406:
1405:video calling
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:BlackBerry OS
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1225:
1224:iPhone 6 Plus
1221:
1216:
1211:
1204:Mobile phones
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
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1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1007:
1002:
1001:Voice over IP
998:
984:
977:
972:
969:
962:
957:
954:
935:
931:
927:
920:
915:
911:
905:
900:
899:
898:
896:
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888:
883:
878:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
848:
846:
842:
837:
835:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:telegraph key
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
768:San Francisco
765:
764:New York City
761:
760:Western Union
757:
752:
750:
746:
745:ground return
741:
738:
737:outside plant
733:
730:
727:which was an
726:
722:
718:
714:
700:
699:Thomas Edison
696:
693:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:patent caveat
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:patent caveat
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
616:
611:
607:
604:
600:
599:
595:
590:
582:
574:
566:
559:
555:
549:
539:
537:
536:speaking tube
533:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
514:master patent
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Claude Chappe
408:
404:
400:
391:
384:
380:
375:
367:
362:
358:
352:
345:Early history
342:
340:
336:
332:
330:
329:mobile phones
326:
322:
316:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
244:distant voice
241:
236:
235:
221:
215:
209:
200:
199:Ancient Greek
196:
192:
188:
184:
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176:
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160:
156:
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130:
127:
119:
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105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77: –
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3825:Multiplexing
3700:Transmission
3665:Nikola Tesla
3655:Henry Sutton
3610:Samuel Morse
3540:Robert Hooke
3505:Amos Dolbear
3440:John Bardeen
3359:
3339:Telautograph
3243:Mobile phone
3198:Edholm's law
3181:social media
3114:Broadcasting
3051:
3048:US 3,906,166
3041:
3038:US 3,663,762
3031:
3028:US 3,449,750
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1724:the original
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1685:
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1651:
1631:Tip and ring
1502:
1458:
1431:
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1319:and Apple's
1273:
1258:
1250:mobile phone
1247:
1222:to the 2014
1210:Mobile phone
1191:
1183:speakerphone
1176:
1173:Base station
1159:base station
1154:
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983:mobile phone
981:One type of
879:
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810:knife switch
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379:telettrofono
378:
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321:switchboards
317:
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243:
239:
233:
179:conversation
170:
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164:
122:
113:
103:
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58:Please help
53:verification
50:
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4025:NPL network
3737:Radio waves
3675:Alfred Vail
3585:Hedy Lamarr
3570:Dawon Kahng
3530:Elisha Gray
3490:Yogen Dalal
3415:Nasir Ahmed
3349:Teleprinter
3213:Heliographs
2384:getvoip.com
1535:Bell System
1354:Smartphones
1125:is called.
1087:South Korea
1063:services.
930:Philippines
882:rotary dial
841:candlestick
818:push-button
691:distinctly.
560:around 1861
503:Elisha Gray
302:loudspeaker
294:sound waves
278:transmitter
187:human voice
144:rotary dial
75:"Telephone"
4158:Categories
4071:Antarctica
4030:Toasternet
3952:Television
3435:Paul Baran
3367:Television
3351:(teletype)
3344:Telegraphy
3322:transistor
3300:Phryctoria
3270:Photophone
3248:Smartphone
3238:Mass media
3056:cell phone
3018:US 485,311
3008:US 222,390
2998:US 203,016
2988:US 474,230
2978:US 186,787
2972:Telegraphy
2724:2023-01-12
2695:2023-01-13
2645:2017-11-16
2552:2022-10-07
2522:2022-10-31
2480:2022-08-07
2447:2022-08-25
2418:2022-08-25
2408:VoipReview
2389:2022-08-25
2365:2021-12-04
2336:2010-05-23
2310:2022-08-25
2281:2022-08-28
2252:2019-11-29
2162:2022-08-25
2132:2010-05-23
2107:2024-01-14
1974:2010-05-23
1787:0818667826
1763:August 24,
1733:2018-05-13
1698:2020-10-14
1667:2020-10-15
1643:References
1636:Videophone
1565:Jipp curve
1506:dependable
1477:cellphones
1473:cell sites
1465:satellites
1360:Smartphone
1285:smartphone
1099:businesses
1023:transistor
845:ringer box
822:bell boxes
786:ringer box
774:Signalling
756:subscriber
749:telegraphs
532:the blower
477:, and the
475:light bulb
471:television
463:inventions
415:megaphones
339:smartphone
274:microphone
267:households
263:government
86:newspapers
21:Smartphone
4204:Telephony
4055:Americas
4044:Locations
4015:Internet2
3776:Bandwidth
3480:Vint Cerf
3377:streaming
3355:Telephone
3295:Semaphore
3186:streaming
3054:(DynaTAC
3022:Telephone
2203:25 August
2025:25 August
1945:US 174465
1397:Lightning
1389:Bluetooth
1383:on Apple
1187:caller ID
1115:softphone
1095:consumers
1043:telephony
790:capacitor
782:whistling
680:current".
596:generator
440:telephone
438:The term
423:air horns
419:telephone
399:telephone
265:, and in
249:In 1876,
208:romanized
167:telephone
146:telephone
116:July 2019
4123:Category
4010:Internet
4000:CYCLADES
3917:Ethernet
3867:Concepts
3791:terminal
3742:wireless
3565:Bob Kahn
3408:Pioneers
3233:Internet
3124:Cable TV
2810:(2010).
2718:Archived
2689:Archived
2685:axessnet
2663:Archived
2639:Archived
2609:Archived
2581:8 August
2575:Archived
2573:. 2022.
2546:Archived
2516:Archived
2474:Archived
2441:Archived
2412:Archived
2359:Archived
2304:Archived
2275:Archived
2197:Archived
2156:Archived
2101:Archived
1968:Archived
1757:Archived
1692:Archived
1661:Archived
1611:Spamming
1606:SIM card
1512:See also
1498:cellular
1494:landline
1490:Internet
1422:iMessage
1336:Ericsson
1332:Motorola
1261:SIM card
1163:handsets
1111:IP Phone
1091:Newsweek
1072:Internet
1070:and the
953:Ericofon
874:202-type
778:operator
650:No. 3335
630:salad").
479:computer
465:such as
403:telephon
286:receiver
282:earphone
259:business
155:AT&T
4143:Commons
4133:Outline
4086:Oceania
4005:FidoNet
3990:ARPANET
3803:circuit
3372:digital
3101:History
2864:. 1905.
1875:(ed.).
1410:compass
1385:iPhones
1344:Samsung
1317:Android
1305:Palm OS
1301:Symbian
1041:(PCM),
966:Modern
852:handset
829:magneto
802:on hook
717:dynamic
687:sound."
594:magneto
290:handset
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210::
191:signals
173:, is a
142:An old
100:scholar
4081:Europe
4051:Africa
4035:Usenet
3995:BITNET
3932:Mobile
3808:packet
3317:MOSFET
3312:device
3109:Beacon
2774:online
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255:patent
195:cables
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4059:North
4020:JANET
3957:Telex
3947:Radio
3786:Nodes
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3280:Radio
3265:Pager
3193:Drums
3159:video
3154:image
3144:audio
2542:CENGN
2246:(PDF)
2225:(PDF)
2048:16–24
1871:. In
1727:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
1582:(MMS)
1475:, as
1469:Earth
1340:Apple
1328:Nokia
1057:video
780:, by
702:1879.
467:radio
456:phōnē
444:Greek
240:voice
234:phōnē
183:sound
171:phone
107:JSTOR
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4076:Asia
3962:UUCP
3922:ISDN
2757:ISBN
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2583:2022
2233:ISBN
2205:2022
2077:ISBN
2052:ISBN
2027:2021
1996:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1765:2018
1496:and
1416:and
1401:apps
1381:Siri
1346:and
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1280:OLED
1097:and
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3208:Fax
3149:DCT
2508:doi
2193:EDN
1902:179
1395:or
1393:USB
1321:iOS
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