105:
97:
152:
689:. Understanding the strategic importance of Gibraltar, he appointed Rodrigo Bazan civil and military commander of the Rock in 1520. Under Bazan's long and peaceful rule, which lasted until 1535, the civil disturbances ended. Buildings were repaired and new construction was undertaken. However, the defenses were neglected, particularly those to the south. The next threat to Gibraltar came from this direction, with a devastating attack in 1540 by one of the captains of the Turkish corsair
207:
1118:
543:
159:
652:, later to be Emperor, gained the age of majority. Philip disputed the regency, but died in Burgos in 1506. A council of Castilian nobles took control, since Juana would not do so, and eventually Ferdinand returned to Castile and assumed the regency in 1507. Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, decided to forcibly re-assert his claim to Gibraltar during the power vacuum of 1506.
636:
However, on 22 December 1501 a Royal Decree was issued that ordered
Garcilaso de la Vega to assume Gibraltar for the King. He traveled to the Rock where he formally took possession from the local authorities in early January 1502. Ferdinand and Isabella granted the request of the people of Gibraltar
681:
Juan de Guzmán stubbornly maintained his right to
Gibraltar, asserting that King Philip I had restored it to him. In June 1507 he returned to his stronghold of Seville, which he had left to avoid an outbreak of plague, determined to launch another siege. Before he could act, on 10 July 1507 he died
664:
to do what was needed to recover the fortress. The Duke considered that
Gibraltar rightfully belonged to his family, and expected that his friends in the fortress would arrange a surrender. That did not happen. News of the planned action quickly reached the people of Gibraltar, and all of them were
1045:
The history of
Gibraltar and of its political relation to events in Europe, from the Commencement of the Moorish dynasty in Spain to the last Morocco war: with original and unpublished letters from the Prince of Hesse, Sir George Eliott, the Duc de Crillon, Collingwood, and Lord Nelson, and an
1022:
The
History of Gibraltar: From the Earliest Period of Its Occupation by the Saracens : Comprising Details of the Numerous Conflicts for Its Possession Between the Moors and the Christians, Until Its Final Surrender in 1462 : and of Subsequent Events : with an Appendix Containing
672:
The "siege" lasted for four months, with Medina's forces trying to blockade the fortress rather than to storm it. There was little fighting and no loss of life other than from disease. Giving up hope of success, the Duke yielded to the advice of the
Archbishop of Seville. He withdrew, paying
624:
in return for the effort and expense that his family had put into first capturing this fortress from the Moors and then arranging for settlers and a garrison. On 30 September 1478 Henry IV's successors,
669:, Íñigo López de Mendoza, the Conde de Tendilla, was asked for help. It is significant of the recent shift in the power structure that the request went to a King's officer rather than a rival noble.
450:
426:
593:
120:
975:
A popular history of
Gibraltar, its institutions, and its neighbourhood on both sides of the Straits, and a guide book to their principal places and objects of interest ...
673:
compensation to the people in the area who had suffered damages from his forces. Of the many sieges of
Gibraltar, this was the only one that ended without bloodshed.
661:
640:
Following the death of
Isabella in 1504 the kingdom became unsettled. Isabella was succeeded on the throne of Castile by their mentally unstable daughter
419:
621:
571:
1084:
637:
for a coat of arms, which was designed as a Castle with a Golden Key pendant, the key representing the role of the castle in defending Spain.
1106:
513:
1209:
321:
46:
1171:
1148:
1130:
1002:
955:
479:
440:
251:
718:(Joanna the Mad). Throughout her long rule the kingdom was always under a regency, and she was often confined to a nunnery.
533:
151:
216:
507:
1283:
1237:
564:
1099:
489:
445:
1303:
1114:
1250:
649:
557:
373:
353:
186:
472:
411:
391:
1298:
1092:
258:
167:
1288:
1122:
522:
685:
Ferdinand died in 1516 and was succeeded by his grandson, Juana's son, Charles. In 1519 Charles became
1308:
1293:
1245:
1194:
363:
308:
206:
1199:
1179:
1156:
328:
293:
283:
228:
1255:
1217:
1189:
1184:
1161:
1138:
378:
338:
333:
303:
298:
288:
278:
1050:
484:
348:
1278:
626:
589:
1066:
945:
630:
1027:
992:
973:
727:
Technically Juana and
Charles were proclaimed as co-rulers, but in fact Juana was incapable.
1227:
690:
358:
195:
8:
666:
645:
617:
1043:
686:
601:
223:
108:
998:
951:
641:
605:
459:
455:
368:
343:
268:
126:
714:
Juana of Castile, technically queen of Castile from 1504–1555, is popularly called
547:
398:
104:
1020:
435:
1046:
account of the fourteen sieges the rock has sustained since it became a fortress
96:
600:
from the troops who were holding it in the name of the newly united crowns of
1272:
61:
48:
991:
GĂłmez, MarĂa A.; Juan-Navarro, Santiago; Zatlin, Phyllis (30 October 2008).
648:. Ferdinand was appointed regent of Castile until Juana and Philip's son
273:
238:
233:
263:
1117:
805:
660:
The Duke of Medina, who was in Seville, sent instructions to his son
597:
40:
665:
enlisted in a force to defend the place. The Captain-General of
795:
793:
791:
788:
764:
752:
855:
853:
740:
870:
868:
880:
850:
121:
Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia
990:
865:
811:
633:, granted the Duke the title of Marquess of Gibraltar.
921:
899:
897:
895:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
994:
Juana of Castile: History and Myth of the Mad Queen
909:
892:
776:
427:Evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population
978:Garrison Library Printing Establishment. p. 4
829:
817:
588:in 1506 was a minor military action in which the
420:Military history of Gibraltar during World War II
1270:
158:
1018:
947:The Life and Works of Garci Sánchez de Badajoz
799:
770:
758:
746:
1100:
622:Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia
565:
596:tried but failed to recover the fortress of
997:. Associated University Presse. p. 9.
1107:
1093:
572:
558:
943:
886:
859:
1064:
874:
971:
782:
696:
1271:
1088:
1068:A History of Gibraltar and Its Sieges
1041:
927:
915:
903:
844:
823:
812:GĂłmez, Juan-Navarro & Zatlin 2008
508:History of nationality in Gibraltar
13:
14:
1320:
1116:
1019:LĂłpez de Ayala, Ignacio (1845).
541:
205:
157:
150:
103:
95:
721:
972:Gilbard, George James (1881).
950:. Tamesis Books. p. 232.
708:
1:
1026:. William Pickering. p.
611:
480:Second sovereignty referendum
374:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
354:War of the Spanish Succession
676:
620:made a gift of Gibraltar to
594:Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán
441:First sovereignty referendum
259:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
7:
944:Gallagher, Patrick (1968).
646:Philip, Archduke of Austria
523:Fortifications of Gibraltar
10:
1325:
364:Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar
309:Seventh Siege of Gibraltar
125:Garcilaso de la Vega, for
1284:16th century in Gibraltar
1236:
1208:
1170:
1147:
1129:
1042:Sayer, Frederick (1862).
514:Political development in
329:Eighth Siege of Gibraltar
294:Fourth Siege of Gibraltar
284:Second Siege of Gibraltar
229:Neanderthals of Gibraltar
145:
132:
114:
89:
23:
18:
655:
586:tenth siege of Gibraltar
379:Great Siege of Gibraltar
339:Tenth Siege of Gibraltar
334:Ninth Siege of Gibraltar
304:Sixth Siege of Gibraltar
299:Fifth Siege of Gibraltar
289:Third Siege of Gibraltar
279:First Siege of Gibraltar
19:Tenth siege of Gibraltar
1065:Stephens, F.G. (1873).
485:Cordoba Agreement, 2006
349:Marquisate of Gibraltar
81:Castile retains control
1304:Sieges involving Spain
1210:Castilian/Spanish rule
590:Duke of Medina Sidonia
115:Commanders and leaders
100:Duke of Medina Sidonia
62:36.155341°N 5.345964°W
1023:Interesting Documents
682:at the age of forty.
171:Location within Spain
133:Casualties and losses
1049:. Saunders. p.
697:Notes and references
691:Hayreddin Barbarossa
644:, whose husband was
616:On 3 June 1469 King
548:Gibraltar portal
359:Capture of Gibraltar
168:class=notpageimage|
67:36.155341; -5.345964
1299:Sieges of Gibraltar
1123:Sieges of Gibraltar
800:LĂłpez de Ayala 1845
771:LĂłpez de Ayala 1845
759:LĂłpez de Ayala 1845
747:LĂłpez de Ayala 1845
618:Henry IV of Castile
490:Second constitution
429:during World War II
58: /
1289:1500s in Gibraltar
687:Holy Roman Emperor
446:First constitution
224:Prehistoric Iberia
109:Kingdom of Castile
1309:Joanna of Castile
1294:Conflicts in 1506
1264:
1263:
1004:978-0-8387-5704-8
957:978-0-900411-00-7
582:
581:
460:Death on the Rock
456:Operation Flavius
369:Treaty of Utrecht
344:Catholic Monarchs
269:Moorish Gibraltar
179:
178:
127:Joanna of Castile
85:
84:
1316:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1015:
1013:
1011:
987:
985:
983:
968:
966:
964:
931:
930:, p. 87-90.
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
890:
884:
878:
872:
863:
857:
848:
842:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
728:
725:
719:
712:
574:
567:
560:
546:
545:
544:
517:
516:modern Gibraltar
473:Modern Gibraltar
430:
399:Royal Calpe Hunt
209:
199:
181:
180:
161:
160:
154:
107:
99:
73:
72:
70:
69:
68:
63:
59:
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55:
54:
51:
25:
24:
16:
15:
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1007:
1005:
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926:
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893:
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866:
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843:
830:
822:
818:
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798:
789:
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777:
769:
765:
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741:
732:
731:
726:
722:
713:
709:
699:
679:
658:
614:
578:
542:
540:
528:
527:
519:
515:
503:
495:
494:
475:
465:
464:
436:Operation Felix
432:
428:
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404:
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383:
324:
314:
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244:
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219:
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66:
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57:
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12:
11:
5:
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1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1149:Castilian rule
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1062:
1039:
1016:
1003:
988:
969:
956:
940:
933:
932:
920:
908:
891:
889:, p. 233.
887:Gallagher 1968
879:
877:, p. 210.
864:
862:, p. 232.
860:Gallagher 1968
849:
828:
816:
814:, p. 1ff.
804:
802:, p. 110.
787:
775:
773:, p. 106.
763:
761:, p. 101.
751:
738:
730:
729:
720:
706:
705:
698:
695:
678:
675:
657:
654:
613:
610:
580:
579:
577:
576:
569:
562:
554:
551:
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500:
497:
496:
493:
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487:
482:
476:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
453:
451:Border closure
448:
443:
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401:
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39:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1321:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:1506 in Spain
1277:
1276:
1274:
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1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
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1221:
1219:
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1207:
1201:
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1191:
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1177:
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1146:
1140:
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1103:
1098:
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1090:
1087:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1006:
1000:
996:
995:
989:
977:
976:
970:
959:
953:
949:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
929:
924:
918:, p. 86.
917:
912:
906:, p. 85.
905:
900:
898:
896:
888:
883:
876:
875:Stephens 1873
871:
869:
861:
856:
854:
847:, p. 84.
846:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
826:, p. 83.
825:
820:
813:
808:
801:
796:
794:
792:
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
749:, p. 99.
748:
743:
739:
737:
736:
724:
717:
716:Juana la Loca
711:
707:
704:
703:
694:
692:
688:
683:
674:
670:
668:
663:
653:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
632:
628:
623:
619:
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607:
603:
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595:
591:
587:
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570:
568:
563:
561:
556:
555:
553:
552:
549:
539:
538:
535:
532:
531:
524:
521:
518:
511:
509:
506:
505:
499:
498:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
469:
468:
461:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
431:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
408:
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365:
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200:
194:
193:
188:
183:
182:
169:
153:
144:
140:
137:
136:
131:
128:
124:
122:
119:
118:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
80:
77:
76:
71:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
26:
22:
17:
1266:
1238:British rule
1222:
1172:Moorish rule
1131:Moorish rule
1073:. Retrieved
1067:
1054:. Retrieved
1044:
1031:. Retrieved
1021:
1008:. Retrieved
993:
980:. Retrieved
974:
961:. Retrieved
946:
936:
935:
923:
911:
882:
819:
807:
785:, p. 4.
783:Gilbard 1881
778:
766:
754:
742:
734:
733:
723:
715:
710:
701:
700:
684:
680:
671:
659:
639:
635:
615:
585:
583:
412:20th century
392:19th century
322:Early modern
90:Belligerents
274:Reconquista
239:Gibraltar 2
234:Gibraltar 1
196:History of
65: /
1273:Categories
1075:23 January
1056:23 January
1033:23 January
1010:24 January
982:23 January
963:23 January
928:Sayer 1862
916:Sayer 1862
904:Sayer 1862
845:Sayer 1862
824:Sayer 1862
612:Background
264:Al-Andalus
217:Prehistory
50:36°09′19″N
1256:1779–1783
1185:1349–1350
1071:. Provost
735:Citations
677:Aftermath
627:Ferdinand
598:Gibraltar
198:Gibraltar
53:5°20′45″W
41:Gibraltar
631:Isabella
534:Timeline
502:See also
252:Medieval
187:a series
185:Part of
36:Location
937:Sources
667:Granada
662:Enrique
650:Charles
602:Castile
141:Minimal
138:Minimal
1001:
954:
606:Aragon
189:on the
78:Result
702:Notes
656:Siege
642:Juana
1251:1727
1246:1704
1228:1704
1223:1506
1218:1467
1200:1462
1195:1436
1190:1411
1180:1333
1162:1333
1157:1316
1139:1309
1077:2013
1058:2013
1035:2013
1012:2013
999:ISBN
984:2013
965:2013
952:ISBN
629:and
604:and
584:The
31:1506
28:Date
1275::
1051:83
1028:99
894:^
867:^
852:^
831:^
790:^
693:.
608:.
592:,
1108:e
1101:t
1094:v
1079:.
1060:.
1037:.
1014:.
986:.
967:.
573:e
566:t
559:v
458:/
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