2010:
810:
1920:
2612:
1125:
2292:
separated from Allied occupied
Germany to become a country under French protection on 17 December 1947, in 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and later the German Democratic Republic (GDR) were born, leading to Germany being split into two countries; present-day German territories were formed when the Saarland became part of the FRG on 1 January 1957 and the territories of the GDR became part of the FRG on 3 October 1990 (German borders also had other changes but tiny).
1928:
1715:
3630:
19:
1036:
2296:
1831:
3263:
2489:
790:
766:
half of the 20th century can be understood as efforts to realign national boundaries with this concept of "one people, one state". Many interior conflicts were a result of more or less pressurising citizens of alternative ethnicities and/or other native languages to assimilate to the ethnicity dominant in the state. Switzerland was the exception, lacking a common native language.
2337:, shortly before the end of the war. The precise location of the border was left open; the western Allies also accepted in general the principle of the Oder River as the future western border of Poland and of population transfer as the way to prevent future border disputes. The open question was whether the border should follow the eastern or western Neisse rivers, and whether
3641:
2307:
borders. The territorial changes at the end of World War II were part of negotiated agreements between the victorious Allies to redraw national borders and arrange for deportation of all
Germans that were east of the OderâNeisse line. The Allies occupied Germany, but the Western allies and Soviet Union formed separate governments covering specific parts of Germany (
706:
1658:
The events of 12 March 1938, marked the culmination of historical cross-national pressures to unify the German populations of
Austria and Germany under one nation. However, the 1938 Anschluss, regardless of its popularity, was enacted by Germany. Earlier, Hitler's Germany had provided support for the
2306:
As it became evident that the Allies were going to defeat Nazi
Germany decisively, the question arose as to how to redraw the borders of Central and Eastern European countries after the war. In the context of those decisions, the problem arose of what to do about ethnic minorities within the redrawn
765:
The concept of nationalism was based on the idea of a "people" who shared a common bond through race, religion, language and culture. Furthermore, nationalism asserted that each "people" had a right to its own state. Thus, much of
European history in the latter half of the 19th century and the first
2282:
were repudiated in the Berlin
Declaration of 5 June 1945 by the four victorious Allies who also officially abolished Nazi Germany and started to represent post-war Germany with the Declaration, new Nazi areas since the Anschluss were already considered the "annexations" by the Allies before in the
1541:
On 7 March 1936, Hitler sent a small expeditionary force into the demilitarized
Rhineland. This was a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles (1919, official end of World War I), and as such, France and Britain were within their rights, via the Treaty, to oust the German forces. British public
769:
Much conflict would arise when one nation asserted territorial rights to land outside its borders on the basis of an ethnic bond with the people living on the land. Another source of conflict arose when a group of people who constituted a minority in one nation would seek to secede from the nation
2924:. This move necessitated the creation of a new road linking Lubieszyn to Linki and Buk that mirrored the new shape of the border. In 1951, a small area of land on Usedom Island (Polish: Uznam) was ceded from the German Democratic Republic (Eastern Germany) to Poland. The water pumping station for
2477:
would follow shortly and either confirm this border or determine whatever alterations might be agreed upon. Northern East
Prussia and Memelland were placed under Soviet administrative control. The 1919 Versailles Treaty created Free City of Danzig was also placed under Polish administration. The
1778:
Hitler and
Chamberlain signed an additional resolution determining to resolve all future disputes between Germany and the United Kingdom through peaceful means. This is often confused with the Four-Power Munich Agreement itself, not least because most photographs of Chamberlain's return show him
739:
Part of the motivation behind the territorial changes is based on historical events in the
Eastern and Central Europe. Migrations to the East that took place over more than a millennium led to pockets of Germans living throughout Central and Eastern Europe as far east as Russia. The existence of
1654:
were, on paper, committed to upholding the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which specifically prohibited the union of Germany and post-war Austria (a German-speaking country). This notwithstanding, the Anschluss was among the first major steps in the Austrian-born Adolf Hitler's long-desired
2291:
With the Allied Berlin Declaration of 6 June 1945 and Potsdam Agreement of 2 August 1945, German annexations which began with the German annexation of Austria were annulled and Germany also lost the traditionally ethnic German eastern region prior to the German annexation of Austria. Saarland
770:
either to form an independent nation or join another nation with whom they felt stronger ties. Yet another source of conflict was the desire of some nations to expel people from territory within its borders because people did not share a common bond with the majority of people of that nation.
1082:
Regarding the ceded territories, the treaty stated that "Germany and Austria-Hungary intend to determine the future fate of these territories in agreement with their population" with few other effects than the appointment of German rulers to the new thrones of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and
2928:
lies on that land and was therefore handed over to Poland. In return, a similarly-sized area north of Mescherin, including the village of Staffelde (Polish: Staw), was transferred from Poland to the German Democratic Republic. In 1968, East Germany and Poland signed a treaty for the Baltic
1515:
The Nazis negotiated a number of population transfers with Joseph Stalin and others with Benito Mussolini so that both Germany and the other country would increase their ethnic homogeneity. However, these population transfers were not sufficient to appease the demands of the Nazis. The
761:
in Europe. Previously, a country consisted largely of whatever peoples lived on the land that was under the dominion of a particular ruler. As principalities and kingdoms grew through conquest and marriage, a ruler could wind up with many different ethnicities under his dominion.
2919:
B 113 road junction at Linken, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to the immediate west of the Polish town of Lubieszyn was transferred from Poland to the GDR in return for a narrow strip of land lying directly on the west side of the road that connected the settlements of Linki and
1234:
of 1918-1919 (53,800 km or 20,800 sq mi, 4,224,000 inhabitants (1931), including 510 km or 200 sq mi and 26,000 inhabitants from Upper Silesia). The remaining areas of both provinces were combined to become the new Prussian province of
1522:
rhetoric of the Nazis over the continued disjoint status of enclaves such as Danzig and East Prussia was an agitating factor in the politics leading up to World War II, and is considered by many to be among the major causes of Nazi aggressiveness and thus the war.
2635:
between the USSR, the US and the UK. It regulated the issue of the eastern German border, which was to be the OderâNeisse line, but the final article of the memorandum said that the final decisions concerning Germany were to be subject to a separate peace treaty.
2895:. However, unlike the eastern territories, the domestic Saar population was not expelled by the controlling French. With the effect of 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate declared its accession to the Federal Republic of Germany, as provided by its
2468:
of 5 June 1945 officially abolishing Nazi Germany before, and with the exception of parts of East Prussia, as formally under Polish administrative control. These were referred to by the Polish communist government as the "Western Territories" or
1264:
in which 60% had voted in favor of remaining German and 40% wanted all of Upper Silesia to become Polish. The vote was designed to provide guidance on how to divide the area, and most of the areas voting for Poland were separated from
241:
2770:. The detached territory, in 1956 containing 704 inhabitants including refugees, was, prior to its 1956 dissolution and partition between West Germany and Belgium, ruled as an independent territory by Belgian Army Major General
1180:
as a precondition to armistice (i.e. and therefore not as a clause of the Treaty of Versailles) with effect from the date of the armistice (11 November 1918), (14,522 km or 5,607 sq mi, 1,815,000 inhabitants
2418:
A "Committee on Dismemberment of Germany" was to be set up. The purpose was to decide whether Germany was to be divided into several nations, and if so, what borders and inter-relationships the new German states were to
1354:
was to be under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years, after which a vote between France and Germany would be held to decide which country it would belong to. During this time, the region's coal was given to
680:("East Germany") on 7 October of the same year. on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate (which was separated from Germany on 17 December 1947) became a part the Federal Republic of Germany, as provided by its
2991:
2682:
in November 1990. This ended the legal limbo which meant that for 45 years, people on both sides of the border could not be sure whether the status quo reached in 1945 might be changed at some future date.
2817:
2708:
The "Working Party on Provisional Adjustments to the Western Frontiers of Germany" approved in 1949 the provisional transfer of 20 km (7.7 sq mi) containing 500 inhabitants to Belgium:
1499:. After the war, Germany's and Austria-Hungary's loss of territory and the rise of communism in the Soviet Union meant that more Germans than ever constituted sizable minorities in various countries.
2479:
3393:
2826:
Vertrag vom 8. April 1960 zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und dem Königreich der Niederlande zur Regelung von Grenzfragen und anderen zwischen beiden LÀndern bestehenden Problemen
1571:
as long as Adolf Hitler ruled Germany. However, long-held sentiments against France remained entrenched, with very few sympathizing openly with France. When the 15-year-term was over, a
1071:
Most of these territories were in effect ceded to the German Empire, intended to become economically dependent on and politically closely tied to that empire under different German
1873:
towards Hitler had failed, and immediately began to mobilize the British Empire's armed forces on a war footing. France did the same. Though no immediate action followed, Hitler's
2678:
as a pre-condition for re-union. The treaty was ratified in 1991 by the united Germany. United Germany and Poland then finally settled the issue of the OderâNeisse border by the
1408:) and by the Czechoslovak government, partly with force of arms in 1919. Many Sudeten Germans rejected an affiliation to Czechoslovakia, since they had been refused the right to
2602:. France, which had not participated in the Potsdam conference, took its liberties to dismiss this point and therefore refused to absorb any expellees in its zone of occupation.
2374:
Stalin agreed to let France have the fourth occupation zone in Germany and Austria, carved out from the British and American zones. France would also be granted a seat in the
3237:
3295:
2674:
recognized the OderâNeisse line as Poland's western border and renounced any present and future territorial claims; this was reaffirmed by both German states in the 1990
3013:
2126:
These territories had an area of 94,000 km (36,000 sq mi) and a population of 10,000,000 people. The remainder of the Polish territory was annexed by the
986:
902:
immediately sent 57,475 German families to the newly conquered lands in order to solidify his new acquisitions, and abolished the use of the Polish language. During the
2792:, only a few border modifications were implemented. On 23 April 1949, Dutch troops occupied an area of 69 km (27 sq mi), the largest parts of which were
2209:(Alsace-Lorraine). The German government never negotiated or declared a formal annexation, however, in order to preserve the possibility of an agreement with the West.
3566:
730:
520:
2979:
2655:
on the status of areas vacated by settled German communities east of the OderâNeisse rivers was that the areas were "temporarily under Polish (or ) administration."
985:, the majority of the population was Polish. Many Lorrainians were by native language French. Many Alsatians and Lorrainians of German language clung to France (see
2766:
As part of the 1956 treaty, in exchange for the territory ceded by Germany, Belgium ceded to Germany its territory north of the Fringshaus roads and bounded by the
2371:
of Nazi Germany. After the war, Germany would be split into four occupied zones, with a quadripartite occupation of Berlin as well, prior to unification of Germany.
3328:
541:
from its unification making it a country on 1 January 1871 to the present although the history of "Germany" as a territorial polity concept and the history of the
3461:
2783:
669:
declared its accession to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 but was denied by the occupying powers. The Soviet zone of Germany in the east, including the
2692:
2675:
401:
2017:
Two decrees by Adolf Hitler (8 October and 12 October 1939) provided for the division of the annexed areas of Poland into the following administrative units:
1694:
within the following month, where they received 99.73% of the vote. No fighting ever took place and the strongest voices against the annexation, particularly
3539:
73:
55:
2929:
continental shelf delimitation. On May 22, 1989, East Germany and Poland completed the delimitation of their territorial waters in the Gulf of Szczecin.
2703:
2415:, and Poland would receive substantial territorial compensation in the west from Germany, although the exact border was to be determined at a later time.
754:
The territorial changes of Germany after World War II can be interpreted in the context of the evolution of global nationalism and European nationalism.
255:
2480:
German population east of the OderâNeisse line disappeared from their traditional territories when they fled due to war then they were forcibly expelled
3119:
3544:
3267:
1542:
opinion blocked any use of military force, thus preventing French action, as they were internally divided and would not act without British support.
174:
2980:"Das völkerrechtliche Ende des deutschen Kolonialreichs. Globale Neuordnung und transnationale Debatten in den 1920er Jahren und ihre Nachwirkungen"
3288:
1260:
to Poland (3,214 km or 1,241 sq mi out of 10,950 km or 4,230 sq mi - around 30% with 965,000 inhabitants), after the
3424:
2401:
2915:
In 1949, there was modest exchange of territory between the Polish People's Republic and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). What is now the1
2256:
898:. Subsequently, renaming them as South Prussia, West Prussia, New East Prussia and New Silesia. After the annexation of the Polish territories,
3195:
3184:
2718:
513:
386:
3164:
3686:
3486:
2732:
1767:. The Czechoslovak government capitulated on September 30 and reluctantly agreed to abide by the agreement. The settlement gave Germany the
3681:
3402:
2771:
2724:
2548:, effectively reducing Germany in size by approximately 25% compared to its 1937 borders. The territories east of the new border comprised
2452:
the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union placed the German territories within the 1937 Nazi Germany borders east of the
333:
2815:
Starting in March 1957, West Germany negotiated with the Netherlands for the return of these areas. The negotiations led to an agreement (
685:
320:
3561:
3506:
3434:
3419:
3281:
2583:
2443:
1400:, they had proclaimed the German-Austrian province of Sudetenland in October 1918, voting instead to join the newly declared Republic of
1302:
688:"). East Germany, including East Berlin, became parts the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990 – an event referred to as
3610:
3398:
2759:
2712:
2530:), and the similar division of each's capital, Berlin and Vienna, into four and five sectors (one quadripartite sector), respectively.
3666:
3137:: "die Teile des ehemaligen deutschen Reichsgebietes zwischen der Oder-NeiĂe-Linie im Westen und der Reichsgrenze von 1937 im Osten".
2742:
506:
2054:(initially Reichsgau West Prussia), which consisted of the remaining area of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Free City of Danzig;
1502:
German nationalists used the existence of large German minorities in other countries as a basis for territorial claims. Many of the
3671:
3528:
3511:
2938:
2146:
2033:
3491:
3130:
1995:
1231:
3533:
2679:
2037:
1405:
2841:
The territory was returned to Germany on 1 August 1963, except for one small hill (about 3 km, 1.2 sq mi) near
3696:
3496:
2884:
2871:
of France was established when its constitution came into force on 17 December 1947, further attaching parts of the Prussian
2439:
619:
431:
2652:
2029:
3388:
2640:
2538:
1953:
492:
153:
3149:
3081:
Ritter, Gerhard (1974). Frederick the Great: A Historical Profile. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 179â180.
2615:
Federal Republic of Germany (blue and yellow), German Democratic Republic (red), and the Saarland (purple), 7 October 1949
2392:
The status of Poland was discussed, but was complicated by the fact that Poland was at this time under the control of the
1143: Annexed or transferred to neighbouring countries by the treaty, or later via plebiscite and League of Nations action
3571:
3481:
3456:
3045:
2828:; short: Ausgleichsvertrag, i.e. treaty of settlement) made in The Hague on 8 April 1960, in which Germany agreed to pay
2591:
1855:
1843:
1821:
1735:
1727:
148:
3691:
3318:
2648:
2586:
remaining beyond the new eastern borders of Germany, and ethnically German denaturalised citizens of other states such
2045:
1783:
867:
802:
1931:
Territorial expansion of Germany proper from 1933 to 1941 as explained to Wehrmacht soldiers, a Nazi era map in German
3615:
3605:
3333:
3224:
3086:
1660:
1536:
1462:
in order to separate the region (where in some parts Poles constituted a majority) from Germany and join it with the
1084:
85:
49:
3595:
3471:
3451:
3378:
3363:
3304:
2587:
2519:
1805:
1695:
1294:
3476:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3323:
1863:
1825:
487:
482:
395:
3633:
3466:
3429:
3353:
3103:
2663:
2397:
1404:
in November 1918. However, this had been forbidden by the victorious allied powers of the First World War (the
1012:
368:
2231:
was invaded and occupied by German Forces on May 10, 1940. It was formally annexed to Germany in August 1942.
1895:. In the early hours of 23 March 1939, after a political ultimatum had made a Lithuanian delegation travel to
3501:
3116:
3098:
Andrzej Chwalba, Historia Polski 1795-1918, Wydawnictwo Literackie 2000, KrakĂłw, pages 175-184, and 307-312.
2943:
2842:
2051:
1942:
1911:
in exchange for a Lithuanian Free Zone in the port of Memel, using the facilities erected in previous years.
1376:
under the League of Nations. (1,893 km or 731 sq mi, 408,000 inhabitants (1929)), 90% Germans.
1161:
at the end of World War I obliged Germany to cede some territory to other countries. Besides the loss of the
1667:
leadership. Fully devoted to remaining independent but amidst growing pressures, the chancellor of Austria,
1380:
In Article 80 ot the Treaty of Versailles, Germany acknowledged and promised to respect the independence of
740:
these enclaves was sometimes used by German nationalists, such as the Nazis, to justify territorial claims.
2243:"After Yugoslavia fell, Germany, Italy, and Hungary each annexed parts of Slovenia, the largest part being
1772:
1236:
1119:
991:
407:
302:
1655:
creation of an empire including German-speaking lands and territories Germany had lost after World War I.
3676:
2131:
1791:
1567:'s control. As a result, anti-Nazi groups campaigned heavily for the Saarland to remain under control of
1251:
831:
623:
120:
79:
3014:"To what extent was the outbreak of World War Two, a consequence of failures in British Foreign Policy?"
2526:
Division of Germany and Austria respectively into four occupation zones (earlier agreed in principle at
1869:
Prime Minister Chamberlain felt betrayed by the Nazi seizure of Czechoslovakia, realising his policy of
3587:
2966:
2405:
2357:
1173:
950:
906:, Prussia lost control of parts of the annexed Polish territories, which became the short-lived Polish
326:
281:
3219:
Encyclopedia of Szczecin . T. Supplement 1. Szczecin: University of Szczecin , 2003, pp. 141â144â145.
2009:
2465:
1959:
1874:
1227:
618:
Nazi annexations from the time of its annexation of Austria on 13 March 1938 were annulled while the
217:
958:
3161:
1598:
1551:
1351:
1340:
1261:
1115:
1111:
572:, on 10 January 1920, Germany lost about 13% of its territory to its neighbours (not including its
186:
2568:(including former Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia). These areas included large urban centres such as
2363:
Key points of the meeting that are relevant to the territorial changes of Germany are as follows:
2892:
2667:
2577:
2368:
2263:
1381:
1049:
380:
362:
356:
61:
2473:", as all these territories were under Polish rule in the past. It was anticipated that a final
1678:
Although Schuschnigg expected Austria to vote in favour of maintaining autonomy, a well-planned
1527:
used these issues as a pretext for waging wars of aggression against Czechoslovakia and Poland.
580:
was formed two days before this war was over. This republic included territories to the east of
3175:
on the first expellees arriving in that state in 1950 to be resettled from other German states.
2888:
2375:
2299:
1963:
1904:
1686:
took place on 11 March, prior to the vote. With power quickly transferred over to Germany, the
1463:
1162:
1020:
784:
612:
608:
600:
573:
549:
1230:. Most of this territory had already been liberated by the local Polish population during the
2846:
2485:
At the end of the conference, the Three Heads of Government agreed on the following actions:
1699:
1651:
1506:
themes of the Nazi regime against Czechoslovakia and Poland claimed that the ethnic Germans (
1290:
635:
308:
3600:
3172:
3162:"Vor 50 Jahren: Der 15. April 1950. Vertriebene finden eine neue Heimat in Rheinland-Pfalz"
2644:
2545:
2493:
2470:
2453:
2435:
2142:
2021:
1223:
1211:
1204:
1158:
1107:
1101:
978:
966:
954:
863:
798:
757:
The latter half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century saw the rise of
689:
631:
581:
67:
2356:
for the Soviet Navy and argued that the Poles should receive Stettin instead. The wartime
8:
3185:
International Boundary Study Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research
2876:
2868:
2666:, whereby Germany renounced all claims to territory east of the OderâNeisse line. In the
2659:
2658:
Between 1970 and 1990, the West German political establishment gradually recognised the "
2647:
was completely unacceptable and subject to negotiation. Also the Social Democrats of the
2240:
1983:
1752:
1613:
1372:
899:
794:
426:
272:
45:
2041:
1760:
1392:
The Sudeten Germans had attempted to prevent the German language border areas of former
875:
3150:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060325032902/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/biuletyn9-10_56-57.pdf
3126:: "diejenigen Gebiete des Deutschen Reiches innerhalb der deutschen Grenzen von 1937",
3057:
3028:
2921:
2624:
2595:
2449:
2400:
that had been set up by the Red Army through the inclusion of other groups such as the
2186:
2135:
2095:
1975:
1435:
1429:
1409:
1257:
1243:
1219:
1184:
962:
914:
835:
827:
814:
647:
643:
604:
546:
441:
374:
347:
198:
158:
3127:
2899:(constitution) art. 23 (Little Reunification), thus becoming the new federal state of
1892:
1886:
142:
3273:
3220:
3099:
3082:
2797:
2789:
2620:
2429:
1971:
1568:
1492:
1135:
982:
934:
891:
859:
839:
651:
232:
223:
180:
2341:, the traditional seaport of Berlin, should remain German or be included in Poland.
1679:
1331:
An area from the eastern part of West Prussia and the southern part of East Prussia
1239:. A sizeable German population still remained in the areas ceded to Poland, however.
3645:
2925:
2834:
2561:
2527:
2501:
2382:
2334:
2324:
2061:
1764:
1756:
1746:
1668:
1621:
1575:
was held in the territory on 13 January 1935: 90.3% of those voting wished to join
718:
710:
446:
192:
100:
1900:
1786:
which was built in Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia was now defenseless. On 5 October,
1587:
1060:) government renounced all claims to Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
3168:
3134:
3123:
2821:
2611:
2513:
2509:
2353:
2154:
2003:
1967:
1592:
1459:
1439:
1417:
1393:
1169:
1150:
970:
907:
903:
830:
was established, which then expanded at the expense of the weakening neighboring
809:
654:(Saarland) formed one French-controlled protectorate with its own high autonomy.
634:
became Germany's new eastern boundary. This territory became Poland's so-called "
577:
569:
557:
436:
392:
PolishâEast German Maritime Boundary in Pomeranian Bay Delimitation Treaty (1989)
2352:. Eventually, however, Stalin decided that he wanted Königsberg as a year-round
1787:
926:
2872:
2812:. At that time, these areas were inhabited by a total of almost 10,000 people.
2505:
2386:
1919:
1719:
1583:
1518:
1413:
1401:
1004:
871:
847:
714:
542:
165:
3240:. Museum of Polish Border Formation/Muzeum Polskich Formacji Granicznych. 2020
2286:
1625:
1582:
On 17 January 1935, the territory's re-union with Germany was approved by the
3660:
3198:
2829:
2330:
2218:
1999:
1987:
1796:
1779:
waving the paper containing the resolution, not the Munich Agreement itself.
1664:
1617:
1560:
1508:
1455:
1451:
1269:
1247:
974:
930:
925:
from France, the western part of the just dissolved Duchy of Warsaw with the
851:
722:
611:
including most of Europe. The Nazi regime eventually collapsed, and the four
565:
2500:
Issuance of a statement of aims of the occupation of Germany by the Allies:
2349:
3576:
2804:. Many other small border changes were executed, mostly in the vicinity of
2671:
2549:
2533:
Reversion of all German annexations in Europe after 1937, among these were
2474:
2345:
2312:
2308:
2275:
2244:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2127:
2085:
2064:
Zichenau), consisting of the five northern counties of Warsaw Voivodeship (
1936:
1927:
1801:
1703:
1605:
1576:
1524:
1325:
1215:
1016:
913:
Following the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia annexed several territories per the
677:
662:
639:
627:
596:
592:
553:
278:
Minor territorial exchanges between East Germany and Poland (1949 and 1951)
266:
262:
134:
3042:
2197:
After the invasion of France in 1940, Germany annexed the départements of
2150:
2077:
2057:
1313:
1280:
railway line (which created six German enclaves within Belgian territory).
1124:
1039:
World War I Allied propaganda poster showing German expansionist ambitions
705:
545:
are much longer and much more complex. Modern Germany was formed when the
2896:
2858:
2534:
2412:
2069:
1998:
political parties were banned. Parts of Poland that had not been part of
1870:
1768:
1723:
1564:
758:
749:
734:
681:
670:
666:
314:
2907:
was directly annexed to France in 1945 and returned to Germany in 1953.
2344:
Originally, Germany was to retain Stettin while the Poles were to annex
2107:
866:
between 1772 and 1795, Prussia seized 141,400 km2 (54,600 sq mi) of the
607:. However, the Nazi plan for the near future was the establishment of a
2632:
2599:
2461:
2228:
2162:
1962:
in 1939, Germany annexed the lands it was forced to give to a reformed
1691:
1672:
1572:
1503:
1496:
1196:
1177:
1008:
588:
462:
453:
289:
2557:
2329:
The final decision to move Poland's boundary westward was made by the
1714:
1563:
fled to the Saar, as it was the only part of Germany left outside the
1035:
353:
PolishâEast German Baltic Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1968)
2880:
2809:
2748:
2565:
2457:
2279:
2202:
2170:
2111:
2099:
2025:
1830:
1687:
1645:
1633:
1484:
1447:
1344:
1306:
1285:
1207:(3,984 km or 1,538 sq mi, 163,600 inhabitants (1920)).
1057:
1053:
938:
922:
918:
674:
91:
18:
2119:
2103:
1363:
1359:
1188:
2900:
2801:
2767:
2393:
2295:
2198:
2091:
1979:
1966:
in 1919â1922 by the Treaty of Versailles, including the so-called "
1891:
By late 1938, Lithuania had lost control over the situation in the
1859:
1479:
By World War I, there were isolated groups of Germans or so-called
1277:
1192:
1024:
843:
561:
249:
2081:
2065:
1690:
troops entered Austria to enforce the Anschluss. The Nazis held a
700:
3230:
3210:
Cf. Bundesgesetzblatt (Federal Law Gazette), part III, no. 181-1.
2832:
280 million for the return of Elten, Selfkant, and Suderwick, as
2753:
2728:
2573:
2569:
2553:
2338:
2206:
2158:
1851:
1847:
1629:
1397:
1367:
1336:
1273:
1200:
1072:
1065:
1061:
887:
879:
855:
658:
538:
2404:
and to have democratic elections. This effectively excluded the
789:
3262:
2805:
2736:
2628:
2174:
2115:
2073:
1896:
1839:
1809:
1683:
1663:(Austrian Nazi Party) in its bid to seize power from Austria's
1557:
1488:
1480:
1332:
1321:
1317:
895:
883:
537:
in this article include all changes in the modern territory of
2619:
The problem with the status of these territories was that the
2488:
2274:
The fact there were the areas that had been incorporated into
1682:
by the Austrian Nazi Party of Austria's state institutions in
1586:. On 1 March, Nazi Germany took over the region and appointed
2793:
2639:
Based upon this interpretation of the Potsdam Agreement, the
1609:
1298:
1015:. The Heligolanders, then still prevailingly fluent in their
721:, German settlers were brought in, displacing the indigenous
245:
2651:
initially refused to accept the OderâNeisse line. Thus, the
2544:
Germany's eastern border was to be shifted westwards to the
1474:
953:, founded in 1866, was combined with the southern states of
599:
initially expanded the country's territory dramatically and
2904:
2606:
2287:
Territorial changes after the German defeat in World War II
2283:
war and were therefore non-issues in the post-war Germany.
2247:
which was annexed to the "Ostmark" (Nazi German Austria)."
1991:
1396:
from becoming part of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Once part of
1076:
801:
between 1772 and 1795, Prussia annexed large swaths of the
296:
106:
731:
History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe
1815:
1616:, the region's name was changed again on 8 April 1940 to
1176:
on 10 May 1871, returned to French sovereignty without a
1172:, which became a part of the German Empire following the
1923:
The Third Reich at its greatest extent (dark blue), 1942
1090:
595:
brought significant territorial losses for the country.
2788:
Despite the more extensive annexation proposals of the
2784:
Dutch annexation of German territory after World War II
2094:
District (Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz), or unofficially
1909:
Treaty of the Cession of the Memel Territory to Germany
1011:
to Germany in 1890 in accordance with the terms of the
329:
treaty and return of the majority of annexations (1958)
3303:
2693:
Luxembourg annexation plans after the Second World War
2676:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
2367:
There was an agreement that the priority would be the
1722:
from 1938 through 1939. German gains in purple (dark:
1706:), were powerless or, in the case of Italy, appeased.
2556:(except for its westernmost part around the city of
2177:
Counties, was "attached to" (not incorporated into)
1226:(1772â1795), were restored to the reborn country of
564:
and had significant German-speaking land), into the
2704:
Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War
1771:starting October 10, and de facto control over the
743:
1986:voted to become a part of Germany again, although
665:on 23 May 1949 ("West Germany"). Western-occupied
2887:the Saar area was out of the jurisdiction of the
2643:controlled German government maintained that the
1994:were deprived of their voting rights and all non-
778:
591:rule from the early 1930s through the end of the
3658:
1834:Germany in 1939 before the start of World War II
1794:, realising that the fall of Czechoslovakia was
622:before Nazi annexation of Austria were ceded to
74:GermanâPolish Convention regarding Upper Silesia
2402:Polish Provisional Government of National Unity
1328:to Poland (492 km or 190 sq mi).
870:'s western territory, including the regions of
701:German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe
657:The western part of Germany was unified as the
2962:
2960:
2958:
1023:, adopted German citizenship, like many other
937:, and the remainder of Swedish Pomerania with
387:United Nations Security Council Resolution 335
3289:
3043:Rearmament and the European Defense Community
3029:"GroĂgermanisches Reich der Deutschen Nation"
2302:occupation zones in Germany, 17 December 1947
1899:, the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1877:in September started World War II in Europe.
1775:as long as Hitler promised to go no further.
973:to form the states and imperial territory of
944:
603:, though not all areas were added to Germany
576:Germany also lost at the same time), and the
514:
175:GermanâSoviet Border and Commercial Agreement
3562:Burgundian and Habsburg in the Low Countries
2867:disentangled the Saar area and the separate
977:in 1871. In some areas of Prussia's eastern
460:
451:
339:
187:Moscow Conference and Declaration on Austria
163:
2955:
2411:The Polish eastern border would follow the
3296:
3282:
1597:, "Realm Commissioner for the re-union of
1254:(316 or 333 kmÂČ, 49,000 inhabitants).
521:
507:
2423:
2013:Map of NS administrative division in 1944
1475:Territorial claims of German nationalists
1187:(including the German-dominated towns of
2977:
2939:Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany
2610:
2607:Finalization of the Polish-German border
2487:
2315:). The two Germanies reunified in 1990.
2294:
2008:
1926:
1918:
1862:, became a separate pro-Nazi state, the
1829:
1713:
1512:) in those territories were persecuted.
1123:
1034:
929:and most of Greater Poland and Kuyavia,
808:
788:
704:
229:Luxembourg's annexations (1946 and 1949)
17:
3238:"Marking of borders/Oznakowanie granic"
3171:of the Central Archive of the State of
2444:1944â50 flight and expulsion of Germans
2318:
1702:and the United Kingdom (parties to the
1556:In 1933, a considerable number of anti-
1095:
813:States of the German Empire 1871â1918 (
3659:
3601:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
3145:
3143:
2849:which was annexed by the Netherlands.
2360:had little to say in these decisions.
2234:
1838:On 13 March 1939, Nazi armies entered
1816:Invasion of the rest of Czechoslovakia
1027:of Germany along the North Sea coast.
3277:
2885:former eastern territories of Germany
2440:Former eastern territories of Germany
2134:) or made into the German-controlled
1595:fĂŒr die RĂŒckgliederung des Saarlandes
1423:
1283:The northern part of East Prussia as
1165:, the territories Germany lost were:
1091:Territorial changes after World War I
969:and the formerly French newly merged
620:former eastern territories of Germany
552:, with the exception of multi-ethnic
432:Former eastern territories of Germany
3687:Aftermath of World War II in Germany
3567:German in Central and Eastern Europe
3555:By country, people, region or period
2863:Starting on 16 February 1946 France
2262:by Nazi Germany, it was part of the
2212:
2098:(Ost-Oberschlesien), which included
1954:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
1751:On 29 September 1938, Adolf Hitler,
638:", while approximately one-third of
493:Territorial evolution of Switzerland
321:"Little Reunification" with Saarland
154:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
112:
3682:Aftermath of World War I in Germany
3140:
3046:Library of Congress Country Studies
2756:(only the village returned in 1956)
2653:official German government position
2584:Expulsion of the German populations
2458:Austria became part of Nazi Germany
2266:a German puppet state at the time.
1858:. The eastern half of the country,
1822:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1736:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
1728:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
996:), despite their native languages.
149:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
13:
3305:Territorial evolution of the world
2889:Allied Control Council for Germany
2774:, who enjoyed dictatorial powers.
2627:in 1945 was not a legally binding
2396:. It was agreed to reorganize the
2192:
2028:Posen), which included the entire
1880:
894:, including the Polish capital of
838:, in 1720, Prussia took a part of
14:
3708:
3255:
3036:
2994:from the original on 4 April 2022
2333:, Britain and the Soviets at the
2143:German attack on the Soviet Union
1709:
1661:Austrian National Socialist Party
1537:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
1366:, Poland) along the delta of the
550:unified most of the German states
86:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
3667:Territorial evolution of Germany
3639:
3629:
3628:
3268:Territorial evolution of Germany
3261:
2580:(GorzĂłw Wielkopolski) and so on.
2520:The industrial plans for Germany
2464:" on 13 March 1938) like in the
2002:were also incorporated into the
1806:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
1740:
1347:voted to remain part of Germany.
1043:
744:The rise of European nationalism
684:(constitution) article no. 23 ("
535:territorial evolution of Germany
30:Territorial evolution of Germany
3672:Historical geography of Germany
3213:
3204:
3189:
3178:
3154:
2745:(eastern part returned in 1956)
2731:and Fringshaus, Fringshaus and
2686:
1914:
1854:, which was transformed into a
1446:) were a series of three armed
488:Territorial evolution of Poland
483:Territorial evolution of France
3109:
3092:
3075:
3050:
3021:
3006:
2984:Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte
2971:
2777:
2664:Treaty on the Final Settlement
2662:" and accepted clauses in the
2398:Provisionary Polish Government
2269:
2250:
1545:
1469:
1387:
1343:); the majority of the Slavic
1030:
868:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
854:, Prussia annexed the bulk of
803:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
779:Formation of the German Empire
369:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
1:
2949:
2944:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
2223:
2052:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
1943:Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
1620:(Saar-Palatinate). After the
999:
695:
113:Treaty of the Cession of the
3697:Foreign relations of Germany
2967:Timeline: Germany - BBC News
2739:(first two returned in 1956)
2539:the westmost parts of Poland
2537:, Alsace-Lorraine, Austria,
1800:. Following the outbreak of
1639:
1530:
1237:Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia
1120:Saar status referendum, 1935
408:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
303:London and Paris Conferences
7:
3577:Vietnam (11thâ19th century)
2978:Authaler, Caroline (2019).
2932:
2910:
2680:GermanâPolish Border Treaty
2562:eastern part of Brandenburg
2408:that had evacuated in 1939.
1903:and his German counterpart
1826:Slovak Republic (1939â1945)
1792:President of Czechoslovakia
663:Federal Republic of Germany
396:GermanâPolish Border Treaty
10:
3713:
3588:international organisation
2856:
2781:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2433:
2427:
2406:Polish government-in-exile
2358:Polish government-in-exile
2322:
2084:), which became a part of
1951:
1940:
1934:
1884:
1819:
1744:
1733:
1643:
1549:
1534:
1427:
1316:(a railway station on the
1134: Administered by the
1105:
1099:
1013:HeligolandâZanzibar Treaty
951:North German Confederation
945:North German Confederation
821:
782:
773:
747:
728:
709:Following the conquest of
678:German Democratic Republic
560:-speaking royal family of
115:Memel Territory to Germany
3692:German diaspora in Europe
3624:
3585:
3554:
3521:
3443:
3412:
3311:
2852:
2670:(1970; ratified in 1972)
1947:
1856:protectorate of the Reich
1612:, including the historic
1412:promised by US president
1128:Germany after Versailles
107:Seizure of Czechoslovakia
64:with Soviet Russia (1918)
1632:was incorporated in the
1552:Saar (League of Nations)
1483:as far southeast as the
1341:East Prussian plebiscite
1262:Upper Silesia plebiscite
1116:Upper Silesia plebiscite
1112:East Prussian plebiscite
601:conquered most of Europe
556:(which was ruled by the
80:Return of the Saar Basin
3611:Eurasian Economic Union
3133:26 January 2009 at the
3062:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2893:Allied-occupied Germany
2578:Landsberg an der Warthe
2369:unconditional surrender
2264:Italian Social Republic
2132:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
2114:Counties, and parts of
2036:, five counties of the
1406:Treaty of Saint-Germain
1305:, later transferred to
1232:Greater Poland Uprising
1222:had annexed during the
1050:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
886:, northern and western
671:Soviet sector of Berlin
121:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
62:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
56:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2825:
2616:
2496:
2424:The Potsdam Conference
2381:Germany would undergo
2376:Allied Control Council
2303:
2038:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2014:
1932:
1924:
1905:Joachim von Ribbentrop
1835:
1773:rest of Czechoslovakia
1731:
1464:Second Polish Republic
1443:
1163:German colonial empire
1157:The provisions of the
1154:
1040:
818:
806:
785:Unification of Germany
726:
632:Oder and Neisse Rivers
609:Greater Germanic Reich
582:today's German borders
461:
452:
340:
336:from Luxembourg (1959)
327:BelgiumâGermany border
282:BonnâParis conventions
164:
23:
3128:Meyers Lexikon online
3058:"Second Northern War"
2891:and thus not part of
2847:Duivelsberg/Wylerberg
2614:
2491:
2434:Further information:
2298:
2149:, which included the
2147:BiaĆystok Voivodeship
2012:
1930:
1922:
1833:
1717:
1289:under the control of
1127:
1106:Further information:
1038:
812:
792:
708:
636:Recovered Territories
309:Austrian State Treaty
238:Paris Protocol (1949)
21:
3646:Geography portal
3270:at Wikimedia Commons
3173:Rhineland-Palatinate
3167:31 July 2013 at the
3012:Cowie, Stuart (ndg)
2471:Regained Territories
2319:The Yalta Conference
2022:Reichsgau Wartheland
1608:was extended to the
1224:Partitions of Poland
1205:Schleswig Plebiscite
1159:Treaty of Versailles
1108:Schleswig Plebiscite
1102:Treaty of Versailles
1096:Treaty of Versailles
987:Député protestataire
864:Partitions of Poland
862:in 1742. During the
799:Partitions of Poland
690:German reunification
686:Little reunification
402:Two Plus Four Treaty
68:Treaty of Versailles
3122:26 May 2011 at the
2660:facts on the ground
2621:concluding document
2241:History of Slovenia
2235:Parts of Yugoslavia
1984:Free City of Danzig
1844:proceeded to occupy
1753:Neville Chamberlain
1373:Free City of Danzig
1174:Treaty of Frankfurt
900:Frederick the Great
795:Brandenburg-Prussia
650:. In the west, the
273:Treaty of Zgorzelec
256:Belgian annexations
58:with Ukraine (1918)
46:Act of 5th November
33:in the 20th century
3677:German irredentism
3572:Russia (1500â1800)
3425:Confederate States
2762:(returned in 1956)
2721:(returned in 1956)
2715:(returned in 1956)
2625:Potsdam Conference
2617:
2497:
2466:Berlin Declaration
2450:Potsdam Conference
2304:
2187:General Government
2145:in June 1941, the
2136:General Government
2096:East Upper Silesia
2046:Warsaw Voivodeship
2030:PoznaĆ Voivodeship
2015:
2000:Wilhelmine Germany
1976:East Upper Silesia
1933:
1925:
1836:
1804:, he would form a
1732:
1671:, tried to hold a
1436:Silesian Uprisings
1430:Silesian uprisings
1424:Silesian uprisings
1410:self-determination
1258:East Upper Silesia
1212:Prussian provinces
1185:Northern Schleswig
1155:
1041:
915:Congress of Vienna
836:Great Northern War
828:Kingdom of Prussia
819:
807:
727:
648:Kaliningrad Oblast
644:Russian Federation
615:occupied Germany.
547:Kingdom of Prussia
477:Adjacent countries
442:Hallstein Doctrine
348:Return of Selfkant
299:from France (1953)
292:from the UK (1952)
218:Berlin Declaration
199:Potsdam Conference
159:General Government
24:
22:Germany, 1871-1920
3654:
3653:
3413:By former country
3266:Media related to
3201:, 8 October 1956.
3027:Barry, Max (ndg)
2875:and the Bavarian
2869:Saar Protectorate
2798:Emmerich am Rhein
2790:Bakker-Schut Plan
2735:, Fringshaus and
2430:Potsdam Agreement
2213:Eupen and Malmedy
2185:was added to the
2138:occupation zone.
1972:Province of Posen
1846:the remainder of
1718:The partition of
1569:League of Nations
1444:Powstania ĆlÄ
skie
1420:of January 1918.
1339:, to Poland (see
1276:, along with the
1136:League of Nations
983:Province of Posen
949:The Prussian-led
892:Duchy of Siewierz
860:Habsburg monarchy
842:with the city of
840:Swedish Pomerania
531:
530:
341:Ausgleichsvertrag
261:Esrablishment of
233:Saar Protectorate
224:Potsdam Agreement
212:Post-World War II
181:Tehran Conference
50:Kingdom of Poland
3704:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3265:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3196:Autocrat's Adieu
3193:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3158:
3152:
3147:
3138:
3115:see for example
3113:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3025:
3019:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2918:
2845:village, called
2835:Wiedergutmachung
2820:
2727:â roads between
2668:Treaty of Warsaw
2645:OderâNeisse line
2546:OderâNeisse line
2502:demilitarization
2494:OderâNeisse line
2454:OderâNeisse line
2436:OderâNeisse line
2383:demilitarization
2335:Yalta Conference
2325:Yalta Conference
2255:South Tyrol was
2062:Regierungsbezirk
2042:DziaĆdowo County
2034:ĆĂłdĆș Voivodeship
1765:Munich Agreement
1761:Ădouard Daladier
1757:Benito Mussolini
1747:Munich Agreement
1669:Kurt Schuschnigg
1622:Battle of France
1148:
1142:
1133:
995:
876:GdaĆsk Pomerania
719:Prussian Crusade
715:Teutonic Knights
593:Second World War
523:
516:
509:
466:
457:
447:Drang nach Osten
421:Areas and issues
381:Treaty of Prague
363:Treaty of Warsaw
357:Treaty of Moscow
343:
242:Dutch annexation
193:Yalta Conference
169:
101:Munich Agreement
40:Pre-World War II
26:
25:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3620:
3581:
3550:
3538:North America (
3517:
3450:United States (
3439:
3408:
3307:
3302:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3179:
3169:Wayback Machine
3160:Cf. the report
3159:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3135:Wayback Machine
3124:Wayback Machine
3114:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2952:
2935:
2916:
2913:
2861:
2855:
2816:
2786:
2780:
2706:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2609:
2514:decartelization
2510:democratization
2446:
2432:
2426:
2354:warm water port
2327:
2321:
2289:
2272:
2253:
2237:
2226:
2215:
2195:
2193:Alsace-Lorraine
2155:Bielsk Podlaski
1968:Polish Corridor
1960:invading Poland
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1917:
1893:KlaipÄda Region
1889:
1887:KlaipÄda Region
1883:
1881:Memel Territory
1864:Slovak Republic
1828:
1820:Main articles:
1818:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1712:
1648:
1642:
1593:Reichskommissar
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1477:
1472:
1460:Weimar Republic
1458:region against
1450:(1919â1921) of
1432:
1426:
1418:Fourteen Points
1394:Austria-Hungary
1390:
1309:without a vote.
1199:) was given to
1170:Alsace-Lorraine
1153:
1146:
1144:
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1131:
1129:
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1098:
1093:
1052:, Russia's new
1048:As part of the
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1033:
1002:
989:
971:Alsace-Lorraine
947:
908:Duchy of Warsaw
904:Napoleonic Wars
824:
787:
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729:Main articles:
703:
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661:, becoming the
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570:First World War
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427:AlsaceâLorraine
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1952:Main article:
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1946:
1941:Main article:
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1875:move on Poland
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3199:Time Magazine
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2219:Eupen-Malmedy
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2190:
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2172:
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1969:
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1901:Juozas UrbĆĄys
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1784:fortification
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1696:Fascist Italy
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1662:
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1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:, the French
1623:
1619:
1618:Gau Saarpfalz
1615:
1611:
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1602:
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1596:
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1589:
1588:Josef BĂŒrckel
1585:
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1566:
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1559:
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1505:
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1456:Upper Silesia
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1270:Eupen-Malmedy
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1248:Upper Silesia
1245:
1244:HluÄĂn Region
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:of Posen and
1213:
1209:
1206:
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1190:
1186:
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1044:Brest-Litovsk
1037:
1028:
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1022:
1021:North Frisian
1018:
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1010:
1006:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:German Empire
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
942:
941:from Sweden.
940:
936:
932:
931:Lower Lusatia
928:
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916:
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909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
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869:
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852:Silesian Wars
850:. During the
849:
845:
841:
837:
834:. During the
833:
829:
826:In 1701, the
816:
811:
804:
800:
797:. During the
796:
791:
786:
771:
767:
763:
760:
755:
751:
741:
736:
732:
724:
723:Old Prussians
720:
716:
712:
707:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
673:, became the
672:
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664:
660:
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653:
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629:
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621:
616:
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602:
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579:
575:
571:
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566:German Empire
563:
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502:
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51:
47:
44:
43:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
20:
16:
3497:South Dakota
3487:North Dakota
3403:acquisitions
3343:
3242:. Retrieved
3232:
3227:(in Polish).
3215:
3206:
3191:
3180:
3156:
3111:
3094:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:
3052:
3038:
3032:NationStates
3031:
3023:
3017:Academia.edu
3016:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2987:
2983:
2973:
2914:
2883:). Like the
2864:
2862:
2840:
2833:
2814:
2787:
2765:
2719:Lichtenbusch
2707:
2672:West Germany
2657:
2638:
2618:
2572:(Szczecin),
2550:East Prussia
2517:
2484:
2475:peace treaty
2447:
2362:
2346:East Prussia
2343:
2328:
2313:East Germany
2309:West Germany
2305:
2290:
2276:Nazi Germany
2273:
2257:
2254:
2245:Lower Styria
2238:
2227:
2216:
2196:
2183:East Galicia
2179:East Prussia
2140:
2128:Soviet Union
2125:
2086:East Prussia
2016:
1957:
1937:Nazi Germany
1915:World War II
1908:
1890:
1868:
1837:
1802:World War II
1795:
1790:resigned as
1788:Edvard BeneĆĄ
1781:
1777:
1750:
1704:Stresa Front
1677:
1657:
1649:
1603:
1591:
1581:
1555:
1540:
1525:Adolf Hitler
1517:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1478:
1433:
1391:
1379:
1371:
1358:The port of
1326:East Prussia
1312:The area of
1284:
1268:The area of
1216:West Prussia
1210:Most of the
1156:
1081:
1070:
1047:
1017:Heligolandic
1003:
948:
927:CheĆmno Land
912:
825:
768:
764:
756:
753:
738:
656:
640:East Prussia
628:Soviet Union
617:
597:Nazi Germany
586:
568:. After the
534:
532:
375:Basic Treaty
285:
267:West Germany
141:
135:World War II
95:with Austria
92:
48:proclaiming
29:
15:
3389:Switzerland
3117:msn encarta
2926:ĆwinoujĆcie
2897:Grundgesetz
2859:Monnet plan
2778:Netherlands
2733:Lammersdorf
2576:(WrocĆaw),
2535:Sudetenland
2413:Curzon Line
2270:Recognition
2251:South Tyrol
2024:(initially
1907:signed the
1871:appeasement
1769:Sudetenland
1763:signed the
1741:Sudetenland
1724:Sudetenland
1680:coup d'Ă©tat
1626:département
1604:As the new
1565:Third Reich
1546:Saar region
1470:Interbellum
1388:Sudetenland
1370:became the
1031:World War I
1019:dialect of
990: [
959:WĂŒrttemberg
759:nationalism
750:Nationalism
735:Ostsiedlung
682:Grundgesetz
667:West Berlin
642:became the
315:Saar Treaty
3661:Categories
3545:Since 1763
3507:Washington
3482:New Mexico
3457:California
3312:By country
3104:830804140X
2950:References
2877:Palatinate
2772:Paul Bolle
2725:Fringshaus
2687:Luxembourg
2633:memorandum
2600:Yugoslavia
2594:, Poland,
2518:see also:
2462:annexation
2350:Königsberg
2278:since the
2229:Luxembourg
2224:Luxembourg
2141:After the
2060:District (
2040:, and the
1935:See also:
1692:plebiscite
1673:plebiscite
1614:Palatinate
1573:plebiscite
1504:propaganda
1497:Azerbaijan
1324:route) in
1301:, and the
1203:after the
1197:Sonderburg
1178:plebiscite
1009:Heligoland
1000:Heligoland
917:, that is
890:, and the
793:Growth of
696:Background
605:officially
463:Ostpolitik
454:Lebensraum
334:Kammerwald
332:Return of
295:Return of
290:Heligoland
288:return of
3534:Caribbean
3522:By region
3319:Australia
2881:Saarpfalz
2818:âčSee Tfdâș
2810:Dinxperlo
2749:Elsenborn
2566:Pomerania
2552:, all of
2280:Anschluss
2203:Haut-Rhin
2171:Volkovysk
2151:BiaĆystok
2122:Counties.
2112:Zawiercie
2100:Sosnowiec
2078:CiechanĂłw
2058:CiechanĂłw
2026:Reichsgau
1726:, light:
1688:Wehrmacht
1646:Anschluss
1640:Anschluss
1634:Reichsgau
1531:Rhineland
1485:Bosphorus
1448:uprisings
1352:Saar area
1345:Masurians
1314:DziaĆdowo
1307:Lithuania
1286:Memelland
1058:communist
1054:Bolshevik
979:provinces
939:Stralsund
923:Saarlouis
919:Rhineland
910:in 1807.
858:from the
675:communist
652:Saar area
93:Anschluss
3634:Category
3462:Colorado
3334:Ethiopia
3244:21 April
3165:Archived
3131:Archived
3120:Archived
2992:Archived
2933:See also
2901:Saarland
2865:de facto
2802:Selfkant
2768:Vennbahn
2760:Hemmeres
2713:Bildchen
2631:, but a
2456:(before
2394:Red Army
2258:de facto
2199:Bas-Rhin
2181:, while
2108:ChrzanĂłw
2092:Katowice
1980:Volkstag
1860:Slovakia
1782:Without
1599:Saarland
1481:Schwaben
1278:Vennbahn
1265:Germany.
1218:, which
1193:Apenrade
1181:(1905)).
1025:Frisians
844:Szczecin
630:and the
626:and the
574:colonies
562:Habsburg
286:de facto
250:Selfkant
3512:Wyoming
3472:Montana
3452:Arizona
3379:Romania
3364:Morocco
3344:Germany
2998:4 April
2754:Losheim
2743:Leykoul
2729:Roetgen
2698:Belgium
2623:of the
2596:Romania
2592:Hungary
2574:Breslau
2570:Stettin
2560:), the
2558:Görlitz
2554:Silesia
2460:ie an "
2448:At the
2339:Stettin
2260:annexed
2207:Moselle
2167:SokĂłĆka
2159:Grajewo
2044:of the
1982:of the
1852:Moravia
1848:Bohemia
1630:Moselle
1577:Germany
1561:Germans
1493:Georgia
1454:in the
1416:in his
1398:Bohemia
1382:Austria
1368:Vistula
1355:France.
1337:Masuria
1274:Belgium
1220:Prussia
1201:Denmark
1189:Tondern
1066:Ukraine
1062:Belarus
1005:Britain
963:Bavaria
888:Mazovia
880:Kuyavia
856:Silesia
822:Prussia
815:Prussia
774:History
717:in the
713:by the
711:Prussia
659:Trizone
554:Austria
539:Germany
3492:Oregon
3477:Nevada
3384:Russia
3374:Poland
3369:Norway
3359:Mexico
3349:Greece
3339:France
3324:Canada
3223:
3102:
3085:
3067:4 June
2917:B 104/
2911:Poland
2853:France
2822:German
2806:Arnhem
2800:) and
2796:(near
2737:Konzen
2629:treaty
2598:, and
2442:, and
2300:Allied
2239:From:
2205:, and
2175:Grodno
2173:, and
2120:ƻywiec
2116:Olkusz
2110:, and
2104:BÄdzin
2080:, and
2074:Sierpc
2070:PĆoĆsk
1978:. The
1974:, and
1964:Poland
1958:After
1948:Poland
1897:Berlin
1840:Prague
1810:London
1700:France
1684:Vienna
1652:Allies
1495:, and
1489:Turkey
1440:Polish
1364:GdaĆsk
1360:Danzig
1333:Warmia
1322:Danzig
1318:Warsaw
1291:France
1228:Poland
1195:, and
1149:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1118:; and
1085:Poland
1064:, and
1007:ceded
935:Saxony
896:Warsaw
884:Warmia
848:Sweden
832:powers
624:Poland
613:Allies
558:German
410:(1991)
404:(1991)
398:(1990)
389:(1973)
383:(1973)
377:(1972)
371:(1971)
365:(1970)
359:(1970)
350:(1963)
344:(1960)
323:(1957)
317:(1956)
311:(1955)
305:(1954)
275:(1950)
269:(1949)
258:(1949)
252:(1949)
235:(1947)
226:(1945)
220:(1945)
201:(1945)
195:(1945)
189:(1943)
183:(1943)
177:(1941)
123:(1939)
117:(1939)
109:(1939)
103:(1938)
97:(1938)
88:(1936)
82:(1935)
76:(1922)
70:(1919)
52:(1916)
3467:Idaho
3354:India
3329:China
2843:Wyler
2794:Elten
2528:Yalta
2419:have.
2348:with
2163:ĆomĆŒa
2082:MĆawa
2066:PĆock
2004:Reich
1988:Poles
1610:Rhine
1452:Poles
1362:(now
1299:Japan
1295:Italy
1077:dukes
1073:kings
994:]
967:Hesse
955:Baden
933:from
846:from
246:Elten
3502:Utah
3246:2020
3221:ISBN
3100:ISBN
3083:ISBN
3069:2024
3000:2022
2905:Kehl
2808:and
2512:and
2492:The
2385:and
2311:and
2217:See
2118:and
1996:Nazi
1992:Jews
1990:and
1850:and
1842:and
1824:and
1759:and
1650:The
1558:Nazi
1434:The
1350:The
1335:and
1242:The
1075:and
965:and
921:and
733:and
589:Nazi
533:The
297:Kehl
284:and
265:and
263:East
248:and
3586:By
2922:Buk
2830:DEM
2649:SPD
2641:CDU
2516:. (
1808:in
1628:of
1606:Gau
1601:".
1590:as
1491:),
1272:to
1250:to
1246:of
646:'s
244:of
3663::
3142:^
3060:.
2988:69
2986:.
2982:.
2957:^
2903:.
2838:.
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2590:,
2508:,
2504:,
2482:.
2438:,
2331:US
2201:,
2189:.
2169:,
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2161:,
2157:,
2153:,
2106:,
2102:,
2076:,
2072:,
2068:,
2006:.
1866:.
1812:.
1755:,
1698:,
1675:.
1636:.
1579:.
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1442::
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1297:,
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1191:,
1114:;
1110:;
1087:.
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1068:.
992:fr
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957:,
882:,
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874:,
692:.
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