Tomato - Knowledge

657:"had arrived safely". Tomatoes were grown mainly as ornamentals early on after their arrival in Italy. For example, the Florentine aristocrat Giovanvettorio Soderini wrote how they "were to be sought only for their beauty", and were grown only in gardens or flower beds. The tomato's ability to mutate and create new and different varieties helped contribute to its success and spread throughout Italy. However, in areas where the climate supported growing tomatoes, their habit of growing to the ground suggested low status. They were not adopted as a staple of the peasant population because they were not as filling as other fruits already available. Additionally, both toxic and inedible varieties discouraged many people from attempting to consume or prepare any other varieties. In certain areas of Italy, such as Florence, the fruit was used solely as a tabletop decoration, until it was incorporated into the local cuisine in the late 17th or early 18th century. The earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in 439: 989:

various tomato fruit attributes. For instance, linkage drag is a phenomenon that has been responsible for alterations in the metabolism of the tomato fruit. Linkage drag describes the introduction of an undesired trait or allele into a plant during backcrossing. This trait/allele is physically linked (or is very close) to the desired allele along the chromosome. In introducing the beneficial allele, there exists a high likelihood that the poor allele is also incorporated into the plant. Thus, breeding efforts attempting to enhance certain traits (for example: larger fruit size) have unintentionally altered production of chemicals associated with, for instance, nutritional value and flavor.

3927: 821: 426: 2642:, which, in combination with the development of a suitable harvester, revolutionized the tomato-growing industry. This type of tomato is grown commercially near plants that process and can tomatoes, tomato sauce, and tomato paste. They are harvested when ripe and are flavorful when picked. They are harvested 24 hours a day, seven days a week during a 12- to 14-week season, and immediately transported to packing plants, which operate on the same schedule. California is a center of this sort of commercial tomato production and produces about a third of the processed tomatoes produced in the world. 2849: 689: 4054: 1041: 2788: 2547:. Meiosis is central to the processes by which diploid microspore mother cells within the anther give rise to haploid pollen grains, and megaspore mother cells in ovules that are contained within the ovary give rise to haploid nuclei. Union of haploid nuclei from pollen and ovule (fertilization) can occur either by self- or cross-pollination. Fertilization leads to the formation of a diploid zygote that can then develop into an embryo within the emerging seed. Repeated fertilizations within the ovary are accompanied by maturation of the ovary to form the tomato fruit. 3081: 2776: 985:, and other metabolites that are sensory and nutritional assets of the ripe fruit. The potent chloroplasts in the dark-green shoulders of the U phenotype are beneficial here, but have the disadvantage of leaving green shoulders near the stems of the ripe fruit, and even cracked yellow shoulders, apparently because of oxidative stress due to overload of the photosynthetic chain in direct sunlight at high temperatures. Hence genetic design of a commercial variety that combines the advantages of types u and U requires fine tuning, but may be feasible. 2903: 3976: 4090: 945: 4038: 2449: 767: 4066: 2086: 953: 2752: 62: 7642:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to lycopene and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1608, 1609, 1611, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1899, 1942, 2081, 2082, 2142, 2374), protection of the skin from UV-induced (including photo-oxidative) damage (ID 1259, 1607, 1665, 2143, 2262, 2373), contribution to normal cardiac function (ID 1610, 2372), and maintenance of normal vision (ID 1827) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006" 2800: 2587: 235: 937: 2764: 8533: 1006: 1851: 1398: 2885: 2939: 2579: 2075: 626: 2921: 1451: 2457: 2867: 2097: 1473: 4113: 1462:, and could grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft), although erect bush varieties have been bred, generally 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) tall or shorter. Indeterminate types are "tender" perennials, dying annually in temperate climates (they are originally native to tropical highlands), although they can live up to three years in a greenhouse in some cases. Determinate types are annual in all climates. 2703: 3032:. There are also tomato varieties with fully ripe fruit that is still green. Compared to potatoes, the amount of solanine in unripe green or fully ripe tomatoes is low. However, even in the case of potatoes, while solanine poisoning resulting from dosages several times the normal human consumption has been demonstrated, actual cases of poisoning from excessive consumption of potatoes are rare. 49: 750:. They were not part of the average person's diet, and though by 1820 they were described as "to be seen in great abundance in all our vegetable markets" and to be "used by all our best cooks", reference was made to their cultivation in gardens still "for the singularity of their appearance", while their use in cooking was associated with exotic Italian or Jewish cuisine. For example, in 1566:. As a true fruit, it develops from the ovary of the plant after fertilization, its flesh comprising the pericarp walls. The fruit contains hollow spaces full of seeds and moisture, called locular cavities. These vary, among cultivated species, according to type. Some smaller varieties have two cavities, globe-shaped varieties typically have three to five, 469:, who used the fruit fresh and in their cooking. The Spanish first introduced tomatoes to Europe, where they became used in Spanish food. In France, Italy and northern Europe, the tomato was initially grown as an ornamental plant. It was regarded with suspicion as a food because botanists recognized it as a 6474: 969:

Evidence has been found that 10–20% of the total carbon fixed in the fruit can be produced by photosynthesis in the developing fruit of the normal U phenotype. The u genetic mutation encodes a factor that produces defective chloroplasts with lower density in developing fruit, resulting in a lighter

878:

first breed of tomato, the Paragon, was introduced in 1870, the beginning of a great tomato culture enterprise in the county. In 1875, he introduced the Acme, which was said to be involved in the parentage of most of the tomatoes introduced by him and his competitors for the next twenty-five years.

992:

Breeders have turned to using wild tomato species as a source of alleles for the introduction of beneficial traits into modern tomato varieties. For example, wild tomato relatives may possess higher amounts of fruit solids (which are associated with greater sugar content) or resistance to diseases

965:

in the mid-20th century, so named because the fruits ripened uniformly. This was widely cross-bred to produce red fruit without the typical green ring around the stem on un-crossbred varieties. Prior to general introduction of this trait, most tomatoes produced more sugar during ripening, and were

877:

Early tomato breeders included Henry Tilden in Iowa and a Dr. Hand in Baltimore. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's 1937 yearbook declared that "half of the major varieties were a result of the abilities of the Livingstons to evaluate and perpetuate superior material in the tomato." Livingston's

2526:

produced within the structure, rather than on the surface, as in most species. The pollen moves through pores in the anther, but very little pollen is shed without some kind of externally-induced motion. The ideal vibratory frequencies to release pollen grains are provided by an insect, such as a

537:

seeds , with tomatoes, with smoked chile, with hot chile, with yellow chile, with mild red chile sauce, yellow chile sauce, hot chile sauce, with "bird excrement" sauce, sauce of smoked chile, heated , bean sauce; toasted beans, cooked beans, mushroom sauce, sauce of small squash, sauce of large

2736:

may have been the largest single tomato plant in the world. The plant has been recognized as a Guinness World Record Holder, with a harvest of more than 32,000 tomatoes and a total weight of 522 kg (1,151 lb). It yielded thousands of tomatoes at one time from a single vine. Yong Huang,

988:

Furthermore, breeders of modern tomato cultivars typically strive to produce tomato plants exhibiting improved yield, shelf life, size, and tolerance/resistance to various environmental pressures, including disease. However, these breeding efforts have yielded unintended negative consequences on

881:

When Livingston began his attempts to develop the tomato as a commercial crop, his aim had been to grow tomatoes smooth in contour, uniform in size, and sweet in flavor. He eventually developed over seventeen different varieties of the tomato plant. Today, the crop is grown in every state in the

4970:

Powell AL, Nguyen CV, Hill T, Cheng KL, Figueroa-Balderas R, Aktas H, Ashrafi H, Pons C, Fernández-Muñoz R, Vicente A, Lopez-Baltazar J, Barry CS, Liu Y, Chetelat R, Granell A, Van Deynze A, Giovannoni JJ, Bennett AB (29 June 2012). "Uniform ripening Encodes a Golden 2-like Transcription Factor

2612:

Greenhouse tomato production in large-acreage commercial greenhouses and owner-operator stand-alone or multiple-bay greenhouses is on the increase, providing fruit during those times of the year when field-grown fruit is not readily available. Smaller sized fruit (cherry and grape), or cluster

528:

reported seeing a great variety of tomatoes in the Aztec market at Tenochtitlán (Mexico City): "large tomatoes, small tomatoes, leaf tomatoes, sweet tomatoes, large serpent tomatoes, nipple-shaped tomatoes", and tomatoes of all colors from the brightest red to the deepest yellow. Bernardino de

1923:

around the world store seed representing genetic variations of value to modern agriculture. These seed stocks are available for legitimate breeding and research efforts. While individual breeding efforts can produce useful results, the bulk of tomato breeding work is at universities and major

867:

than as food. In 1897, W. H. Garrison addressed the Medico-Legal Society of New York stating, "The belief was once transmitted that the tomato was sinisterly dangerous." He recalled in his youth tomatoes were dubbed "love-apples or wolf-apples" and they were shunned as "globes of the devil."

3813:

An extensive review in 2022 found and specified many health benefits associated with eating tomatoes, and some risks, due both to external factors (pesticides, microbial contamination, heavy metals from contaminated soil), and intrinsic; for example, lycopene, at least as a supplement, has

1480:

Tomato vines are typically pubescent, meaning covered with fine short hairs. The hairs facilitate the vining process, turning into roots wherever the plant is in contact with the ground and moisture, especially if the vine's connection to its original root has been damaged or severed.

664:

Unique varieties were developed over the next several hundred years for uses such as dried tomatoes, sauce tomatoes, pizza tomatoes, and tomatoes for long-term storage. These varieties are usually known for their place of origin as much as by a variety name. For example there is the

2034:

settled the tariff controversy on 10 May 1893, by declaring that the tomato is a vegetable, based on the popular definition that classifies vegetables by use—they are generally served with dinner and not dessert. The holding of this case applies only to the interpretation of the

573:

had been brought to Italy that was blood red or golden color when mature and could be divided into segments and eaten like an eggplant—that is, cooked and seasoned with salt, black pepper, and oil. It was not until ten years later that tomatoes were named in print by Mattioli as

3996:

Tomatoes are a popular "nonlethal" throwing weapon in mass protests, and there was a common tradition of throwing rotten tomatoes at bad performers on a stage during the 19th century; today this is usually referenced as a metaphor. Embracing it for this protest connotation, the

1837:, which was engineered to have a longer shelf life. However, it is no longer commercially available. Scientists are continuing to develop tomatoes with new traits not found in natural crops, such as increased resistance to pests or environmental stresses or better flavor. 5462: 2346:

Although not a disease as such, irregular supplies of water can cause growing or ripening fruit to split. Besides cosmetic damage, the splits may allow decay to start, although growing fruits have some ability to heal after a split. In addition, a deformity called

7412:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).

2416:

is popularly recommended as a companion plant to the tomato. Common claims are that basil may deter pests or improve tomato flavor. However, in double-blind taste tests, basil did not significantly affect the taste of tomatoes when planted adjacent to them.

1469:, and grow as a series of branching stems, with a terminal bud at the tip that does the actual growing. When the tip eventually stops growing, whether because of pruning or flowering, lateral buds take over and grow into other, fully functional, vines. 909:(UC Davis) became a major center for research on the tomato. The C.M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center at UC Davis is a gene bank of wild relatives, monogenic mutants and miscellaneous genetic stocks of tomato. The center is named for the late Dr. 712:

from continental sources, is also one of the earliest discussions of the tomato in England. Gerard knew the tomato was eaten in Spain and Italy. Nonetheless, he believed it was poisonous. (In fact, the plant and raw fruit do have low levels of

7850:

Tieman, D; Bliss, P; McIntyre, LM; Blandon-Ubeda, A; Bies, D; Odabasi, AZ; Rodríguez, GR; van der Knaap, E; Taylor, MG; Goulet, C; Mageroy, MH; Snyder, DJ; Colquhoun, T; Moskowitz, H; Clark, DG; Sims, C; Bartoshuk, L; Klee, HJ (5 June 2012).

970:

green colour of unripe fruit, and repression of sugars accumulation in the resulting ripe fruit by 10–15%. Perhaps more important than their role in photosynthesis, the fruit chloroplasts are remodelled during ripening into chlorophyll-free

788:. Nineteenth century descriptions of its consumption are uniformly as an ingredient in a cooked dish. In 1881, it is described as only eaten in the region "within the last forty years". Today, the tomato is a crucial and ubiquitous part of 1660:

the correct name. Both names, however, will probably be found in the literature for some time. Two of the major reasons for considering the genera separate are the leaf structure (tomato leaves are markedly different from any other

5748:

Jacobsen, E.; Daniel, M. K.; Bergervoet-van Deelen, J. E. M.; Huigen, D. J. & Ramanna, M. S. (1994). "The first and second backcross progeny of the intergeneric fusion hybrids of potato and tomato after crossing with potato".

529:

Sahagún mentioned Aztecs cooking various sauces, some with and without tomatoes of different sizes, serving them in city markets: "foods sauces, hot sauces; fried , olla-cooked , juices, sauces of juices, shredded with

1507:

are 10–25 cm (4–10 in) long, odd pinnate, with five to nine leaflets on petioles, each leaflet up to 8 cm (3 in) long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy.

7411: 6951: 1924:

agriculture-related corporations. These efforts have resulted in significant regionally adapted breeding lines and hybrids, such as the Mountain series from North Carolina. Corporations including

6511:

Takasugi, Mitsuo; Yachida, Youichi; Anetai, Masaki; Masamune, Tadashi; Kegasawa, Kazuo (1975). "Identification of Asparagusic Acid As a Nematicide Occurring Naturally in the Roots of Asparagus".

3822:

and similar medications. The review concludes that "the synergistic effects of all tomato constituents are likely to outweigh the benefits of tomato's individual constituents, such as lycopene".

2741:'s manager of agricultural science, discovered the unique plant in Beijing, China. Huang brought its seeds to Epcot and created the specialized greenhouse for the fruit to grow. The vine grew 1932:, BHNSeed, and Bejoseed have breeding programs that attempt to improve production, size, shape, color, flavor, disease tolerance, pest tolerance, nutritional value, and numerous other traits. 4664:

A curious herbal: containing five hundred cuts, of the most useful plants, which are now used in the practice of physick : engraved on folio copper plates, after drawings taken from life

961:

The poor taste and lack of sugar in modern garden and commercial tomato varieties resulted from breeding tomatoes to ripen uniformly red. This change occurred after discovery of a mutant "u"

5338: 2725:

in 1986. The largest tomato plant grown was of the cultivar "Sungold" and reached 19.8 m (65 ft) in length, grown by Nutriculture Ltd (UK) of Mawdesley, Lancashire, UK, in 2000.

1042: 997:. However, this tactic has limitations, for the incorporation of certain traits, such as pathogen resistance, can negatively impact other favorable phenotypes, such as fruit production. 6258:

Fitzpatrick, Connor R.; Salas-González, Isai; Conway, Jonathan M.; Finkel, Omri M.; Gilbert, Sarah; Russ, Dor; Teixeira, Paulo José Pereira Lima; Dangl, Jeffery L. (8 September 2020).

3028:

Small amounts of tomato foliage are sometimes used for flavoring without ill effect, and the green fruit of unripe red tomato varieties is sometimes used for cooking, particularly as

851:. They may have been introduced from the Caribbean. By the mid-18th century, they were cultivated on some Carolina plantations, and probably in other parts of the Southeast as well. 5974: 3844:

In the United States, supposed health benefits of consuming tomatoes, tomato products or lycopene to affect cancer cannot be mentioned on packaged food products without a qualified

2127:

are common tomato afflictions, which is why tomato cultivars are often marked with a combination of letters that refer to specific disease resistance. The most common letters are:

6976: 6174:

Nowakowska, Marzena; et al. (3 October 2014), "Appraisal of artificial screening techniques of tomato to accurately reflect field performance of the late blight resistance",

4065: 6439:"Do Tomatoes Love Basil but Hate Brussels Sprouts? Competition and Land-Use Efficiency of Popularly Recommended and Discouraged Crop Mixtures in Biointensive Agriculture Systems" 2059:

of 5–10–10 is often sold as tomato fertilizer or vegetable fertilizer, although manure and compost are also used. On average there are 150,000 seeds in a pound of tomato seeds.

505:. The large, lumpy variety of tomato, a mutation from a smoother, smaller fruit, originated in Mesoamerica, and may be the direct ancestor of some modern cultivated tomatoes. 7390: 7197: 4480: 1826:

share the same characteristics and genes, researchers stated the published genome could help to improve food quality, food security and reduce costs of all of these fruits.

3919:, a festival centered on an enormous tomato fight. On 30 August 2007, 40,000 Spaniards gathered to throw 115,000 kg (254,000 lb) of tomatoes at each other in the 2613:

tomatoes (fruit-on-the-vine) are the fruit of choice for the large commercial greenhouse operators while the beefsteak varieties are the choice of owner-operator growers.

6397: 3119:

observed that the inner pulp had more flavour that the flesh; a subsequent academic study in which he participated confirmed that the pulp had up to eleven times more

603:, and cultivation began in the 1540s. It was probably eaten shortly after it was introduced, and was certainly being used as food by the early 17th century in Spain. 7141: 3768: 7086: 7618: 4019:

for film and television. The name "Rotten Tomatoes" derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a poor stage performance.

7619:"Qualified Health Claims: Letter Regarding "Tomatoes and Prostate, Ovarian, Gastric and Pancreatic Cancers (American Longevity Petition)" (Docket No. 2004Q-0201)" 408:. (Determinate, or bush, plants are annuals that stop growing at a certain height and produce a crop all at once.) The size of the tomato varies according to the 6948: 1790:

in 2004. A prerelease version of the genome was made available in December 2009. The complete genome for the cultivar Heinz 1706 was published on 31 May 2012 in

2745:-sized tomatoes, which were served at Walt Disney World restaurants. The tree developed a disease and was removed in April 2010 after about 13 months of life. 5313: 1492:(PL) style because of their resemblance to that particular relative. Of RL plants, there are variations, such as rugose leaves, which are deeply grooved, and 6880: 6092: 1577:

For propagation, the seeds need to come from a mature fruit, and must be lightly fermented to remove the gelatinous outer coating and then dried before use.

1523:'s style. Flowers are bisexual and able to self fertilise. The anthers bend into a cone-like structure, surrounding the stigma. The flowers are 1–2 cm ( 758:, it is described under the name "Love Apple (Amoris Pomum)" as being consumed with oil and vinegar in Italy, similar to consumption of cucumbers in the UK. 9417: 2721:

As of 2008, the heaviest tomato harvested weighed 3.51 kg (7 lb 12 oz), was of the cultivar "Delicious", and was grown by Gordon Graham of

392:

allowing for the production of tomatoes throughout all seasons of the year. Tomato plants typically grow to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) in height. They are

3966:, played a large part in popularizing the tomato in the late 19th century; his efforts are commemorated in Reynoldsburg with an annual Tomato Festival. 3021:. However, solanine concentrations in foliage and green fruit are generally too small to be dangerous unless large amounts are consumed—for example, as 438: 4037: 3059:

caused the temporary removal of tomatoes from stores and restaurants across the United States and parts of Canada, although other foods, including

7570:"A systematic review of dietary, nutritional, and physical activity interventions for the prevention of prostate cancer progression and mortality" 7167: 5625: 4388: 9232: 9133: 8773: 2351:

can be caused by pests, temperature stress, or poor soil conditions. Affected fruit usually remains edible, but its appearance may be unsightly.

6931: 6322: 6229: 5510:

Muños S, Ranc N, Botton E, Bérard A, Rolland S, Duffé P, Carretero Y, Le Paslier MC, Delalande C, Bouzayen M, Brunel D, Causse M (August 2011).

2227:, which interrupts the lifecycle. As the name implies, it has the symptom of making the top leaves of the plant wrinkle up and grow abnormally. 7323: 3126:

Although tomatoes originated in the Americas, the tomato is now grown and eaten around the world. It is used in diverse ways, including raw in

2338:

to slow the growth of insects. The hormone was first identified in tomatoes, but similar proteins have been identified in other species since.

928:

tomatoes. This technique encourages the plant to send roots deep to find existing moisture in soil that retains moisture, such as clayey soil.

5023: 9422: 8822: 6498:

Yield, Pest Density, and Tomato Flavor Effects of Companion Planting in Garden-scale Studies Incorporating Tomato, Basil, and Brussels Sprout

1696: 7521:"Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors" 6897: 5816: 3954:

both the state fruit and the state vegetable in the same law, citing both its culinary and botanical classifications. In 2009, the state of

9437: 9432: 1615: 8840: 5971: 913:, a pioneer in tomato genetics research. Research on processing tomatoes is also conducted by the California Tomato Research Institute in 7761: 6968: 6370:

Narvaez-Vasquez, J.; Orozco-Cardenas, M. L. (2008). "15 Systemins and AtPeps: Defense-related Peptide Signals". In Schaller, A. (ed.).

5647: 855:, who ate tomatoes in Paris, sent some seeds back to America. Some early American advocates of the culinary use of the tomato included 721:) Gerard's views were influential, and the tomato was considered unfit for eating (though not necessarily poisonous) for many years in 8920: 7225:"Differences in Glutamic Acid and 5'-Ribonucleotide Contents between Flesh and Pulp of Tomatoes and the Relationship with Umami Taste" 6709: 4863: 485:, which in large quantities would be toxic. However, the ripe fruit contains a much lower amount of tomatine than the immature fruit. 7419:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). 6112: 4932: 3056: 2799: 6774: 617:(foreign eggplant), as the Chinese named many foodstuffs introduced from abroad, but referring specifically to early introductions. 9193: 8721: 7382: 7348: 7201: 5386: 4490: 1634:(Nicolson 1974) was technically valid, because Miller's genus name and Linnaeus's species name differ in exact spelling, but since 461:, is native to western South America. These wild versions were the size of peas. The first evidence of domestication points to the 2506:, despite the common claim that tomatoes do so. That tomatoes pollinate themselves poorly without outside aid is clearly shown in 653:, wrote to the Medici private secretary informing him that the basket of tomatoes sent from the grand duke's Florentine estate at 9258: 9206: 8786: 8734: 6610:

Natarajan, N; Cork, A; Boomathi, N; Pandi, R; Velavan, S; Dhakshnamoorthy, G (2006). "Cold aqueous extracts of African marigold,

4089: 4008:

calls itself "The Birthplace of the Tomato", claiming the first commercial variety of tomato was bred there in the 19th century.

1912: 2535:

cannot perform. In an outdoors setting, wind or animals usually provide sufficient motion to produce commercially viable crops.

1796:. The latest reference genome published in 2021 had 799 MB and encodes 34,384 (predicted) proteins, spread over 12 chromosomes. 9412: 8858: 8477: 4512:

SILVERTOWN, J. (2017). Vegetables—Variety. DINNER WITH DARWIN: Food, drink, and evolution. S.l.: UNIV OF CHICAGO PRESS.(p. 145)

4127: 6997: 4053: 1626:

was suggested by Karsten (1888), it is not used because it violates the International Code of Nomenclature barring the use of

9276: 7424: 7125: 6667: 6394: 6379: 5446: 5369: 5314:"Can I use "You say Tomato, I (we) say X," in the exactly same manner as "We agree to disagree," in day-to-day conversation?" 4560: 4463: 8899: 8791: 2787: 9263: 8284: 7438: 3958:

passed a law making the tomato the state's official fruit. Tomato juice has been the official beverage of Ohio since 1965.

584: 339: 7462:"Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation" 7145: 8143: 7093: 4362: 668: 7626: 7263: 4681: 2016:

The confusion on whether tomatoes are fruits or vegetables has led to legal dispute in the United States. In 1887, U.S.

9141: 9128: 8472: 7934: 5563: 4533: 2031: 501:

people are thought to have believed that those who witnessed the ingestion of tomato seeds were blessed with powers of

7335: 9442: 6692: 6021: 5173: 4658: 4622: 4598: 4336: 3213:

and out of direct sunlight. It is not recommended to refrigerate them as they take a mealy texture and lose flavour.

1898: 1437: 1189: 1163: 1118: 751: 5048:

Cocaliadis, Maria Florencia; Fernández-Muñoz, Rafael; Pons, Clara; Orzaez, Diego; Granell, Antonio (10 April 2014).

2775: 1880: 1642:

in 1983, and would be the correct name for the tomato in classifications which do not place the tomato in the genus

8987: 6826: 2751: 6351:. Wallingford, UK: Invasive Species Compendium, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. 23 June 2015 3874:) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as tomato plants. Female 9219: 8827: 8760: 7625:. Letter to Jonathan W. Emord, Esq., Emord & Associates, P.C. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from 7223:

Oruna-Concha, Maria-Jose; Methven, Lisa; Blumenthal, Heston; Young, Christopher; Mottram, Donald (11 July 2007).

2635: 906: 732:

However, by the mid-18th century, tomatoes were widely eaten in Britain, and before the end of that century, the

611:

The tomato was introduced to China, likely via the Philippines or Macau, in the 1500s. It was given the name 番茄

350:. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. 8982: 8863: 8591: 5054: 4957: 4644:'LOVE-APPLE, or TOMATO BERRY.-Love apples are now to be seen in great abundance at all our vegetable markets.' 3857: 2627:

To facilitate transportation and storage, tomatoes are often picked unripe (green) and ripened in storage with

2469: 1876: 1419: 9361: 8938: 9284: 6805: 6540:"Effects of amending soil with Tagetes patula cv. Single Gold on Meloidogyne incognita infestation of tomato" 6264: 5617: 3998: 7168:"CDC Probes Salmonella Outbreak, Health Officials Say Bacteria May Have Spread Through Some Form Of Produce" 5991:

Redenbaugh, K.; Hiatt, B.; Martineau, B.; Kramer, M.; Sheehy, R.; Sanders, R.; Houck, C.; Emlay, D. (1992).

5512:"Increase in tomato locule number is controlled by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms located near WUSCHEL" 3926: 3764: 645:

The recorded history of tomatoes in Italy dates back to at least 31 October 1548, when the house steward of

9185: 9172: 7378: 4612: 2763: 2335: 863:. Many Americans considered tomatoes to be poisonous at this time and, in general, they were grown more as 331: 9094: 6683:

Frankie, Gordon; Thorp, Robbin; Coville, Rollin; barbara, Ertter; California Native Plant Society (2014).

9245: 9084: 9079: 9066: 8946: 8648: 8643: 8620: 8482: 8013: 6148: 5559: 5242: 4614:

Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica

3139: 2650: 2628: 1805: 1324:

pronunciation disputes. In this capacity, it has even become an American and British slang term: saying "

874:

receives much credit for developing numerous varieties of tomato for both home and commercial gardeners.

425: 8739: 5993:

Safety Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study of the Flavr Savr Tomato

557:

may have been the first to transfer a small yellow tomato to Europe after he captured the Aztec city of

9356: 9211: 8933: 7175: 6901: 6273: 4662: 3755: 2262: 2024:

on vegetables, but not on fruit, caused the tomato's status to become a matter of legal importance. In

561:, now Mexico City, in 1521. The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in a 8713: 6007: 2601:

in cooler climates, and cultivars such as the British 'Moneymaker' and a number of cultivars grown in

2510:

situations, where pollination must be aided by artificial wind, vibration of the plants (one brand of

2380:, whose larvae devour the hornworm, but whose adult form drinks nectar from tiny-flowered plants like 734: 599:

and then the entire Asian continent. The Spanish also brought the tomato to Europe. It grew easily in

9427: 9312: 9271: 8850: 6326: 6233: 5747: 2733: 2715: 1830: 1669:

species are conspicuously absent from the tomato). On the other hand, hybrids of tomato and diploid

820: 61: 8213: 8008: 5586:"Physiological Changes in Roma-type Tomato Induced by Mechanical Stress at Several Ripeness Stages" 5485: 4028: 3035:

Tomato plants can be toxic to dogs if they eat large amounts of the fruit, or chew plant material.

3005:

The leaves, stem, and green unripe fruit of the tomato plant contain small amounts of the alkaloid

2729: 2686:

were the most productive in 2012, with a nationwide average of 476 tonnes per hectare, followed by

2364: 2360: 2241:

to reduce the impact of bacterial wilt, sometimes by reducing bacterial abundance and sometimes by

2216:. Handling cigarettes and other infected tobacco products can transmit the virus to tomato plants. 1861: 722: 493:

The exact date of domestication is unknown; by 500 BC, it was already being cultivated in southern

457: 17: 8814: 7722:"The LysM receptor-like kinase Sl LYK 10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato" 7673:

Varela, L. G.; Bernays, E. A. (1 July 1988). "Behavior of newly hatched potato tuber moth larvae,

6006:

Michaels, Tom; Clark, Matt; Hoover, Emily; Irish, Laura; Smith, Alan; Tepe, Emily (20 June 2022).

5412: 4893: 1379:" when presented with two choices can mean "What's the difference?" or "It's all the same to me". 525: 9180: 9120: 8997: 8925: 8451: 8423: 5820: 3959: 3895: 3870: 3834: 2609:, it is not uncommon to start seeds in greenhouses during the late winter for future transplant. 2068: 1970: 1872: 1865: 1677:, and are partially fertile, providing evidence of the close relationship between these species. 1415: 1408: 871: 31: 7117: 7111: 5050:"Increasing tomato fruit quality by enhancing fruit chloroplast function. A double-edged sword?" 3642: 2527:

bumblebee, or the original wild halictid pollinator, capable of engaging in a behavior known as

856: 9237: 9167: 8778: 8553: 8148: 7927: 7356: 3860:

concluded in 2011 that the evidence for lycopene having any of these effects was inconclusive.

3155: 2306: 1916: 1128: 789: 775: 566: 342:, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the 7769: 6914: 5265: 4721: 4703: 4523: 3603: 1973:; because it is more savoury (umami) than sweet, it is typically served as part of a salad or 1946: 885:

Because of the long growing season needed for this heat-loving crop, several states in the US

8229: 8123: 8068: 6874: 6657: 6571:

Hooks, Cerruti R.R; Wang, Koon-Hui; Ploeg, Antoon; McSorley, Robert (2010). "Using marigold (

6415: 6096: 4485: 4132: 3972:

was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food licensed for human consumption.

3890: 3853: 3616: 3162: 2511: 2331: 2230: 1052: 860: 840: 688: 600: 178: 8889: 5651: 5287: 2634:

A machine-harvestable variety of tomato (the "square tomato") was developed in the 1950s by

2619:

technique is often used in hostile growing environments, as well as high-density plantings.

2514:

is a wand called an "electric bee" that is used manually), or more often today, by cultured

1703: 8669: 8441: 8254: 8193: 7864: 7686: 7011:"Tomato production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)" 6756: 6627: 6584: 6450: 6183: 5869: 5202: 4980: 3668: 3629: 3242:, sometimes in the sun where climate permits, and sold either in bags or in jars with oil. 3029: 2707: 2213: 2192: 646: 7568:

Hackshaw-McGeagh LE, Perry RE, Leach VA, Qandil S, Jeffreys M, Martin RM, Lane JA (2015).

6123: 5793: 4936: 3080: 2039:, and the court did not purport to reclassify the tomato for botanical or other purposes. 1786:

An international consortium of researchers from 10 countries, began sequencing the tomato

1488:, and are called regular leaf (RL) plants, but some cultivars have simple leaves known as 8: 9348: 8912: 8456: 8354: 8332: 8153: 8138: 8113: 8043: 7460:

Collins, Edward J.; Bowyer, Cressida; Tsouza, Audrey; Chopra, Mridula (4 February 2022).

7273:. University of California: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Archived from 6782: 4076: 4072: 3767:

for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

3085: 2315: 2242: 1925: 1711: 914: 805: 9159: 8700: 7900: 7868: 7690: 6631: 6588: 6454: 6282: 6187: 6122:. California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom. September 2014. Archived from 5873: 5390: 5206: 4984: 4412: 2495:) did not move with them. The trait of self-fertility became an advantage, and domestic 2384:. Several species of umbellifer are therefore often grown with tomato plants, including 696:

Tomatoes were not grown in England until the 1590s. One of the earliest cultivators was

9005: 8708: 8602: 8327: 8322: 8173: 7993: 7817: 7792: 7702: 7594: 7569: 7545: 7520: 7496: 7461: 7065: 6810: 6748: 6466: 6303: 6206: 6099: 5949: 5914: 5890: 5857: 5774: 5722: 5536: 5511: 5218: 5131: 5104:

Klee, Harry J.; Tieman, Denise M. (2018). "The genetics of fruit flavour preferences".

5004: 4798: 4453: 4417: 4096: 4005: 3963: 3848:

statement. In a scientific review of potential claims for lycopene favorably affecting

3830: 3655: 3583: 3345: 3022: 2258: 2089: 674: 661:

in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.

630: 554: 347: 202: 56: 8264: 7013:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022 5665: 4576: 3975: 3188: 2663:. However, the product was not commercially successful, and was sold only until 1997. 357:

flavor. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces,

346:, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread cultural interchange known as the 9407: 9335: 9102: 8884: 8656: 8536: 8274: 8098: 7920: 7882: 7822: 7743: 7599: 7550: 7501: 7483: 7430: 7420: 7299: 7244: 7121: 7057: 6740: 6688: 6663: 6438: 6375: 6307: 6295: 6287: 6211: 6017: 5954: 5936: 5895: 5766: 5730: 5541: 5442: 5365: 5169: 5123: 5083: 4996: 4790: 4618: 4594: 4556: 4529: 4459: 4016: 3681: 3468: 3116: 3018: 2532: 2145: 726: 474: 447: 385: 7706: 7069: 7053: 6470: 5222: 5008: 4212:

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have established that the formerly segregate genera

3130:

or in slices, stewed, incorporated into a wide variety of dishes, or processed into

9447: 9107: 9010: 8661: 8501: 8382: 8294: 8289: 8279: 8178: 8088: 8053: 7957: 7872: 7812: 7804: 7765: 7733: 7694: 7653: 7589: 7581: 7540: 7532: 7491: 7473: 7236: 7049: 6860: 6752: 6732: 6635: 6592: 6551: 6520: 6458: 6277: 6201: 6191: 6062: 5944: 5926: 5885: 5877: 5778: 5758: 5712: 5597: 5531: 5523: 5357: 5210: 5161: 5115: 5106: 5073: 5063: 4988: 4782: 3485: 3210: 2722: 2528: 2503: 2433: 2425: 2290: 2274: 2246: 2109: 2078: 2021: 1792: 1567: 1327: 1291: 1259: 1227: 1195: 1134: 1089: 1063: 1034: 864: 852: 278: 249: 9058: 8951: 8612: 7224: 6998:

The country's only single vine "tomato tree" growing in The Land pavilion at Epcot

5135: 4744: 4311: 4207: 3009:, whose effect on humans has not been studied. They also contain small amounts of 9384: 9320: 9071: 9037: 8871: 8801: 8625: 8446: 8412: 8299: 8259: 8188: 8183: 8128: 8058: 7998: 6955: 6639: 6596: 6401: 6196: 5978: 4770: 4550: 4044: 4012: 3239: 3201:

after they were introduced to the region by the Portuguese in the 15th century.

3178: 3174: 2639: 2407: 2370: 2298: 2270: 2224: 2101: 1966: 1962: 1941: 1485: 1185: 1173: 944: 910: 902: 654: 401: 323: 99: 9289: 8974: 7720:

Buendia, Luis; Wang, Tongming; Girardin, Ariane; Lefebvre, Benoit (April 2016).

2675:

in 2012 for tomato cultivation and the total production was about 161.8 million

2562:, play a key role in homologous recombinational repair of DNA during meiosis. A 2448: 1652:

evidence has now shown that Linnaeus was correct to put the tomato in the genus

766: 9343: 9048: 8907: 8397: 8392: 8168: 8103: 8083: 8048: 7414: 6900:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2014. Archived from 5931: 5602: 5585: 3825:

Studies in 2014 and 2015 did not find conclusive evidence to indicate that the

3093: 3064: 2972: 2679:. The average world farm yield for tomato was 33.6 tonnes per hectare in 2012. 2476:

of wild tomatoes extends farther out of the flower than today's cultivars. The

2377: 2282: 2113: 2085: 2036: 2002: 1958: 1954: 1775: 1674: 1563: 1177: 848: 844: 747: 701: 596: 534: 305: 86: 7877: 7852: 7808: 7585: 6462: 6259: 5990: 5214: 5165: 5119: 1496:, angora leaves, which have additional colors where a genetic mutation causes 1459: 952: 9401: 9146: 8518: 8507: 8387: 8309: 8244: 8239: 8033: 7962: 7658: 7641: 7487: 7274: 6291: 6087: 5940: 5361: 4794: 4154: 3938:

Several US states have adopted the tomato as a state fruit or vegetable (see

3900: 3878:

use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the

3819: 3802: 3778: 3403: 3301: 3143: 3120: 3052: 2994: 2908: 2606: 2389: 2319:, feeds on foliage and young fruit of tomato plants, causing shrivelling and 2238: 2157: 2026: 1765: 1607: 1586: 1548: 982: 828: 801: 797: 370: 315: 194: 9302: 9250: 7478: 6556: 6539: 5152:

Stevens, M. Allen (1986). "Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Quality Components".

4992: 2586: 538:

tomatoes, sauce of ordinary tomatoes, sauce of various kinds of sour herbs,

477:. This was exacerbated by the interaction of the tomato's acidic juice with 234: 9374: 8964: 8576: 8513: 8407: 8339: 8314: 8073: 7967: 7886: 7826: 7747: 7603: 7554: 7505: 7434: 7248: 7061: 6708:

Stassen NY, Logsdon JM, Vora GJ, Offenberg HH, Palmer JD, Zolan ME (1997).

6299: 6215: 5958: 5899: 5770: 5734: 5545: 5157: 5127: 5087: 5000: 4143: 3845: 3694: 3277: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3147: 2570:), suggesting that recombinational repair occurs during meiosis in tomato. 1811: 1519:, have the anthers fused along the edges, forming a column surrounding the 1181: 1070:

might be the tomato, and despite the impossibility of this identification,

832: 558: 551: 530: 405: 327: 9325: 7793:"Genetically modified food from crops: progress, pawns, and possibilities" 7536: 7377: 6744: 6736: 6395:

Tomato Casual » Boost Your Tomatoes with Companion Planting! – Part 1

6348: 6037: 5858:"The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution" 5527: 5237: 4289: 400:

that sprawls and typically needs support. Indeterminate tomato plants are

8809: 8747: 8635: 8585: 8495: 8344: 8304: 8163: 8133: 8093: 8078: 8028: 8003: 7977: 7972: 7010: 6865: 6685:

California bees & blooms : a guide for gardeners and naturalists

6369: 6011: 5068: 5049: 4548: 4164: 4118: 4080: 3931: 3798: 3261: 3135: 2806: 2683: 2465: 2294: 2135: 1982: 1974: 1731: 1571: 1544: 1497: 1489: 993:

caused by microbes, such as resistance towards the early blight pathogen

971: 936: 921: 824: 697: 677: 634: 592: 466: 366: 8876: 6575:

spp.) as a cover crop to protect crops from plant-parasitic nematodes".

5881: 5689:"Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) gene phylogeny of wild tomatoes ( 3060: 673:, the "hanging tomato of Vesuvius", or the well known and highly prized 508:

The Aztecs raised several varieties of tomato, with red tomatoes called

314:, commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western 9198: 8726: 8487: 8402: 8269: 8234: 8158: 8063: 8038: 8023: 7698: 7142:"A selection of North American tomato related outbreaks from 1990–2005" 6859:(4). University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources: 6–7. 6851:

Bruening, G.; Lyons, J.M. (2000). "The case of the FLAVR SAVR tomato".

6524: 5762: 5726: 5078: 4802: 4258: 4159: 3969: 3943: 3502: 3451: 3411: 3217: 3198: 3047: 2660: 2616: 2598: 2507: 2492: 2488: 2381: 2348: 2204: 2056: 1990: 1834: 1744: 1493: 1422: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1321: 975: 925: 898: 894: 793: 709: 502: 470: 397: 389: 145: 7738: 7721: 7240: 5913:

Su, Xiao; Wang, Baoan; Geng, Xiaolin; et al. (15 December 2021).

5486:"A tomato is actually a fruit — but it's a vegetable at the same time" 4876: 4842: 587:, the Spanish distributed the tomato throughout their colonies in the 569:, an Italian physician and botanist, who suggested that a new type of 9154: 8752: 8695: 8682: 8431: 8372: 8198: 7677:

Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in relation to their host plants".

7262:

Parnell, Tracy L.; Suslow, Trevor V.; Harris, Linda J. (March 2004).

7113:

Hound Health Handbook: The Definitive Guide to Keeping your Dog Happy

7032:

Barceloux, D. G. (2009). "Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity (

6932:"Curiosities of I-5, facts about King and the benefits of volunteers" 6257: 4179: 3886: 3879: 3794: 3561: 3548: 3535: 3399: 3101: 2742: 2655: 2591: 2515: 2421: 2397: 2334:. Systemin activates defensive mechanisms, such as the production of 2220: 1627: 1005: 962: 588: 521: 378: 374: 135: 8547: 5717: 5688: 4786: 3985: 2452:

Tomato flower in full bloom, next to a young, green developing fruit

2108:

Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease. Modern

1850: 1614:. The name came into wide use, but was technically in breach of the 1397: 948:

Tomatoes for sale in a market in France, these are ancient varieties

9369: 9031: 8959: 8835: 8570: 8436: 8349: 8249: 8208: 8203: 8118: 8018: 5416: 5189:

Chaerani, Reni; Voorrips, Roeland E. (2006). "Tomato early blight (

5047: 4174: 4148: 4137: 3947: 3920: 3916: 3826: 3815: 3790: 3789:(see table). 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw tomatoes supply 18 kilo 3739: 3434: 3182: 3010: 3006: 2578: 2496: 2472:

than domestic cultivars. As a floral device to reduce selfing, the

2437: 2429: 2327: 2320: 2286: 2181: 2074: 2052: 2006: 1994: 1986: 1929: 1920: 1649: 1555: 1516: 978: 886: 714: 625: 570: 482: 409: 125: 112: 9224: 8765: 8687: 7336:

Store Tomatoes Stem-End Down to Keep Them from Rotting Too Quickly

7222: 4745:"The History of the Tomato: The Fruit that Spread Round the World" 3912: 3051:

outbreaks between 1990 and 2005, and may have been the cause of a

2487:

As tomatoes were moved from their native areas, their traditional

1558:

terms, tomato is regarded as a vegetable, its fruit is classified

1450: 9297: 9115: 8377: 7326:. Cooks Illustrated (1 July 2008). Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 5842: 5666:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" 4933:"UC Newsroom, UC Davis Tomato Geneticist Charles Rick Dies at 87" 4883:

pp. 178–81. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed 25 May 2018/

4771:"The History of the Use of the Tomato: An Annotated Bibliography" 4503:

The Aztecs, Richard F. Townsend , revised edition 2000 (p. 180-1)

3989: 3786: 3379: 3131: 2968: 2691: 2687: 2672: 2646: 2602: 2544: 2456: 2385: 2266: 2010: 1998: 1978: 1594: 1024: 890: 650: 539: 155: 7853:"The Chemical Interactions Underlying Tomato Flavor Preferences" 7849: 7567: 4232:, and all species of these four genera have been transferred to 2376:

The devastating tomato hornworm has a major predator in various

920:

In California, growers have used a method of cultivation called

8674: 8108: 6404:. Tomatocasual.com (6 May 2008). Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6260:"The Plant Microbiome: From Ecology to Reductionism and Beyond" 4169: 3838: 3518: 3408: 3014: 2990: 2944: 2890: 2523: 2519: 2477: 2473: 2440:

known to attack tomato plants. Marigolds also repel nematodes.

2403: 2124: 2120: 2096: 2017: 1823: 1787: 1721: 1670: 1665:), and the biochemistry (many of the alkaloids common to other 1599: 1559: 1520: 1512: 1472: 779: 774:

The tomato was introduced to cultivation in the Middle East by

658: 562: 498: 494: 478: 343: 335: 319: 7639: 1062:, who used it to denote a plant that has not been identified. 445:: the oldest surviving tomato fruit and leaves. Page from the 6510: 4849:

p. 179. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed 25 May 2018/

4389:"Why the Tomato Was Feared in Europe for More Than 200 Years" 3291: 3194: 3170: 3166: 3151: 3127: 3105: 3097: 2986: 2982: 2926: 2872: 2854: 2837: 2810: 2738: 2711: 2702: 2676: 2558: 2481: 2413: 2278: 2048: 1981:. Tomatoes are not the only food source with this ambiguity; 1950: 1819: 1815: 1590: 1466: 1365: 1306: 1242: 1149: 1059: 809: 743: 638: 462: 362: 358: 354: 290: 73: 7906: 5584:

Lee, Eunkyung; Sargent, Steven A.; Huber, Donald J. (2007).

5346:

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment

4832:

Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press, p. 152.

4112: 3055:

outbreak causing 172 illnesses in 18 US states in 2006. The

48: 7912: 7719: 7405: 7300:"Selecting, Storing and Serving Ohio Tomatoes, HYG-5532-93" 7087:"Executive Summary Chaconine and Solanine: 6.0 through 8.0" 6707: 5353: 4910: 4877:

Improvement and Genetics of Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant

4843:

Improvement and Genetics of Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant

4830:

The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery.

3955: 3113: 2552: 2393: 2323:

of leaves, flowers, and fruit, possibly killing the plant.

2310: 2302: 1755: 1504: 1371: 1356: 1348: 1342: 1333: 1312: 1297: 1280: 1274: 1265: 1248: 1233: 1216: 1210: 1201: 1155: 1140: 1110: 1104: 1095: 739: 393: 384:

Numerous varieties of the tomato plant are widely grown in

296: 284: 267: 261: 255: 7518: 7383:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 6682: 6609: 6227: 4528:. University of Texas Press: Austin TX. pp. 108–118. 4455:

The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery

2985:, with China accounting for 37% of the total, followed by 2522:

of a tomato flower is shaped like a hollow tube, with the

238:

Tomatoes: whole, halved vertically and halved horizontally

7459: 6416:"A Companion Planting Trio: Tomatoes, Borage, and Squash" 6253: 6251: 5915:"A high-continuity and annotated tomato reference genome" 5855: 5193:): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance". 5024:"Flavor Is Price of Scarlet Hue of Tomatoes, Study Finds" 4140:, an early attempt at breeding a disease-resistant tomato 3849: 3782: 3321: 1543: in) across, yellow, with five pointed lobes on the 7355:. Canadian Produce Marketing Association. Archived from 6718:, and phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic recA homologs" 6710:"Isolation and characterization of rad51 orthologs from 6005: 5856:

Sato, S.; Tabata, S.; Hirakawa, H.; et al. (2012).

4555:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 357. 3942:). Tomatoes have been designated the state vegetable of 2573: 1638:

has become so well known, it was officially listed as a

6919:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

4684:. Yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 26 January 2009 4458:. Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press. 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 2013:) are all botanically fruit, yet cooked as vegetables. 1028: 515: 509: 7144:. Food Safety Network. 30 October 2006. Archived from 6570: 6248: 4935:. University of California. 8 May 2002. Archived from 4817:

The cigarette book: the history and culture of smoking

2981:

In 2022, world production of tomatoes was 186 million

7264:"Tomatoes:Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy" 5680: 5509: 4969: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4710:. Vol. 1. D. Appleton and Co. 1876. p. 519. 4617:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 44. 3223:

Unripe tomatoes can be kept in a paper bag to ripen.

2499:

of tomato have been selected to maximize this trait.

2464:

In the wild, original state, tomatoes required cross-

2460:

Flowers and ripe fruit can be present simultaneously.

2432:

that kills this pest, while asparagus plants contain

2369:

Tomatoes serve, or are served by, a large variety of

1164: 1119: 612: 7846:(Columbia University Press, 2010), scholarly history 6969:"Most tomatoes harvested from one plant in one year" 6413: 4549:

Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (2000).

4432: 4108: 3226:

Tomatoes are easy to preserve whole, chopped, or as

1680: 1368: 1353: 1345: 1330: 1309: 1294: 1277: 1262: 1245: 1239: 1230: 1213: 1207: 1198: 1152: 1137: 1107: 1092: 293: 281: 264: 252: 7261: 6325:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from 6232:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from 5270:

Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London

4768: 4657: 2659:, which could be vine ripened without compromising 1362: 1359: 1339: 1336: 1303: 1300: 1271: 1268: 1236: 1204: 1146: 1143: 1101: 1098: 287: 258: 7416:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 6958:. Nutriculture.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6924: 6320: 5099: 5097: 4971:Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development". 4852: 4363:"Why Is This Wild, Pea-Sized Tomato So Important?" 2605:are specifically bred for indoor growing. In more 839:The earliest reference to tomatoes being grown in 338:used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the 7909:– Phenotypes and images of 7,000 tomato cultivars 6879:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3593: 3389: 1969:" because it has a much lower sugar content than 1500:to be excluded from some portions of the leaves. 9399: 7338:. Lifehacker.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 6016:. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 5794:"International Tomato Genome Sequencing Project" 5650:. International Plant Name Index. Archived from 5188: 3930:Tomatoes thrown from a truck during the Spanish 3108:flavour, rather than significant sweetness (see 2233:is another common disease impacting yield. Wang 1074:entered scientific use as a name for the fruit. 7371: 5583: 5094: 4815:Quoted in Chris Harrald, and Fletcher Watkins, 4781:(4). Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 336–338. 4610: 3123:, which carries umami flavour, than the flesh. 3104:for culinary purposes. It has a strong savoury 2112:focus on improving disease resistance over the 1570:have a great number of smaller cavities, while 812:and other dishes, made into sauces, and so on. 429:Grape tomatoes on the vine for sale at a market 404:in their native habitat, but are cultivated as 7903:– Sequencing of the twelve tomato chromosomes. 7353:Canadian Produce Marketing Association Website 7200:. Calgary Herald. 11 June 2008. Archived from 6659:Nature at Work – the Ongoing Saga of Evolution 5686: 5668:. International Association for Plant Taxonomy 5577: 4047:(heritage tomato in British English) cultivars 3256:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) 1630:in botanical nomenclature. The corrected name 931: 7928: 7672: 6850: 6824: 6655: 6651: 6649: 5972:Tomato genome is sequenced for the first time 5814: 5413:"Are there different types of tomato leaves?" 4521: 4356: 4354: 3979: 3186: 2480:were, and remain, entirely within the closed 2326:After an insect attack tomato plants produce 2104:, caused by fluctuation in water availability 2047:The tomato is grown worldwide for its edible 1018: 666: 575: 369:classified as berries—they are commonly used 5912: 5624:. Gardeners' World Magazine. 24 March 2019. 5160:: Avi Publishing Company. pp. 273–311. 5021: 4911:"C. M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center" 4579:. I Musei del Cibo della provincia di Parma. 4478: 4451: 4337:"Umami: why the fifth taste is so important" 4334: 2566:homolog is present in the anther of tomato ( 1066:speculated in the 16th century that Galen's 889:became major tomato-producers, particularly 9418:Crops originating from indigenous Americans 7109: 6908: 6701: 5981:. Rdmag.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2013. 5843:"Tomato Genome Shotgun Sequence Prerelease" 5318:English Language & Usage Stack Exchange 5147: 5145: 4704:"Syria under the last five Turkish Sultans" 4682:"British Consuls in Aleppo – Your Archives" 4577:"Tomato Museum: 05 – The History of Tomato" 4406: 4404: 4402: 3939: 3220:, as it may keep from rotting too quickly. 3109: 2728:A massive "tomato tree" growing inside the 2706:The "tomato tree" as seen by guests on the 1879:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7935: 7921: 7844:Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy 7379:United States Food and Drug Administration 7229:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 6892: 6890: 6646: 6349:"Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite)" 6173: 5103: 5041: 4591:Pomodoro! A History of the Tomato in Italy 4351: 4292:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 4 January 2018 3084:Tomatoes stuffed with hard-boiled egg and 2543:Pollination and fruit formation depend on 897:. In California, tomatoes are grown under 47: 7876: 7816: 7737: 7657: 7616: 7593: 7544: 7495: 7477: 7031: 7025: 6864: 6555: 6281: 6205: 6195: 5948: 5930: 5889: 5716: 5601: 5535: 5077: 5067: 4648:(London, England), 22 September 1820, p.3 4611:Staller, John; Carrasco, Michael (2009). 4593:New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 4413:"Accused, Yes, but Probably Not a Killer" 4360: 4330: 4328: 3193:. Tomato became a key ingredient in many 3161:Tomatoes have become extensively used in 3057:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 2805:Tomatoes being collected from the field, 1935: 1899:Learn how and when to remove this message 1438:Learn how and when to remove this message 7617:Schneeman, Barbara O (8 November 2005). 6961: 6818: 6167: 5560:"Selecting Tomatoes for the Home Garden" 5142: 5015: 4399: 4182:, a similar fruit from the related genus 3974: 3925: 3079: 2701: 2585: 2577: 2455: 2447: 2219:Another particularly dreaded disease is 2095: 2084: 2073: 1471: 1449: 1058:, meaning "wolf peach", originated with 1004: 956:More modern varieties for sale in France 951: 943: 935: 901:for both the fresh fruit market and for 819: 765: 738:stated the tomato was "in daily use" in 687: 624: 437: 424: 233: 7640:European Food Safety Authority (2011). 7081: 7079: 7003: 6887: 6803: 6614:for control tomato root knot nematode, 6495: 6436: 5687:Peralta, I. E.; Spooner, D. M. (2001). 5436: 5280: 5151: 4775:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 3777:A raw tomato is 95% water, contains 4% 3154:, and is used in cocktails such as the 2622: 1965:. However, the tomato is considered a " 1913:Germplasm Resources Information Network 1799: 545: 14: 9400: 7797:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 7116:. Workman Publishing Company. p. 6991: 6915:"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data" 6898:"FAOSTAT: Production-Crops, 2012 data" 6477:from the original on 18 September 2016 5439:Horticulture: Principles and Practices 5263: 4963: 4325: 4151:, a similar fruit also used in cooking 4128:List of countries by tomato production 1622:still had priority. Although the name 1033: 847:reported seeing them in what is today 443:Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 8552: 8551: 7916: 7790: 7633: 7610: 6537: 6414:Colleen Vanderlinden (29 June 2021). 6372:Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory 6363: 6230:"Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease" 6228:Pfleger, F. L.; Zeyen, R. J. (2008). 6038:"Is a Tomato a Fruit or a Vegetable?" 5483: 5477: 4769:McCue, George Allen (November 1952). 4742: 4410: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4202: 4200: 4198: 3906: 2574:Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation 1610:moved it to its own genus, naming it 692:Tomatoes for sale in a UK supermarket 514:and green tomatoes (physalis) called 481:plates. The leaves and fruit contain 353:Tomatoes are a significant source of 9423:Crops originating from South America 9313:ad67521d-7c4f-43bf-880c-0a8a063c6f06 8988:bede19ce-e3ad-48cd-a1bb-69d1348bfdb8 8851:b804d3f6-54f6-4531-85da-dfeeed3ecff8 8285:Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs 7561: 7512: 7076: 6979:from the original on 5 December 2022 6500:, West Virginia University Libraries 4958:California Tomato Research Institute 4284: 4282: 4280: 3952:South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato 3138:. Unripe green tomatoes can also be 1911:The Tomato Genetic Resource Center, 1877:adding citations to reliable sources 1844: 1574:have very few, very small cavities. 1476:An unripe tomato growing on the vine 1420:adding citations to reliable sources 1391: 585:Spanish colonization of the Americas 340:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 9438:Fruits originating in South America 9433:Fruits originating in North America 8478:British Tomato Growers' Association 8144:Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio 7519:Burton-Freeman B, Sesso HD (2014). 6341: 6283:10.1146/annurev-micro-022620-014327 5817:"Tomato genome project gets $ 1.8M" 5791: 5628:from the original on 3 January 2023 4819:(Skyhorse Publishing, 2010) p. 185. 4552:The Cambridge World History of Food 4525:America's First Cuisines (page 117) 4027:For a more comprehensive list, see 3885:Tomato forms a mutually beneficial 3818:effect undesirable for patients on 2757:Tomato plants 7 days after planting 2354: 2067:For a more comprehensive list, see 1458:Tomato plants are vines, initially 974:that synthesize and accumulate the 717:, but are not generally dangerous. 669:Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio 24: 8473:2010 United States tomato shortage 7836: 7393:from the original on 27 March 2024 6443:Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5819:. News.cornell.edu. Archived from 5294:. Cambridge University Press. 2015 5235: 5195:Journal of General Plant Pathology 4722:"Natural History, Science, &c" 4240: 4195: 4071:A variety of cultivars, including 4001:adopted the tomato as their logo. 3903:for investigating this symbiosis. 3238:. The fruit can also be preserved 3173:sauces. Tomatoes are also used in 2538: 2400:that attack various tomato pests. 2341: 330:food may have originated with the 25: 9459: 7894: 7762:"Spain's tomato fighters see red" 7174:. 30 October 2006. Archived from 6827:"Not All Industrial Food Is Evil" 6772: 5815:Ramanujan, K. (30 January 2007). 4900:March 2017. Accessed 25 May 2018. 4386: 4361:Estabrook, Barry (22 July 2015). 4277: 3950:took both sides by declaring the 3856:, heart function and vision, the 2257:Some common tomato pests are the 1829:The first commercially available 1681:Genetics and genetic modification 1580: 708:, published in 1597, and largely 455:The wild ancestor of the tomato, 361:, and drinks. While tomatoes are 326:. Its domestication and use as a 9362:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146898-2 8939:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316947-2 8532: 8531: 7901:Tomato Genome Sequencing Project 7784: 7768:. 30 August 2007. Archived from 7754: 7713: 7666: 7453: 7341: 7329: 7317: 7292: 7255: 7216: 7190: 7160: 7134: 7103: 6825:Bittman, Mark (17 August 2013). 5751:Theoretical and Applied Genetics 5384: 5288:"English definition of 'tomato'" 4479:Donnelly, L. (26 October 2008). 4111: 4088: 4064: 4052: 4036: 2937: 2919: 2901: 2883: 2865: 2847: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2769:Tomato seedlings growing indoors 2762: 2750: 2671:The world dedicated 4.8 million 1961:, together with its seeds, of a 1849: 1618:because Linnaeus's species name 1396: 1326: 1320:") and have become a symbol for 1290: 1258: 1226: 1194: 1133: 1088: 1077: 1051:, meaning "swelling fruit". The 815: 792:, served fresh in salads (e.g., 412:, with a range of 1–10 cm ( 277: 248: 60: 7907:Tomato core collection database 7441:from the original on 9 May 2024 7054:10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.03.009 6942: 6844: 6797: 6766: 6676: 6603: 6564: 6531: 6504: 6489: 6430: 6407: 6388: 6314: 6221: 6141: 6105: 6080: 6055: 6030: 5999: 5984: 5965: 5906: 5849: 5835: 5808: 5785: 5741: 5658: 5640: 5610: 5552: 5503: 5455: 5430: 5405: 5378: 5339:"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)" 5331: 5306: 5257: 5229: 5182: 4951: 4925: 4903: 4886: 4869: 4835: 4822: 4809: 4762: 4736: 4714: 4696: 4674: 4651: 4638: 4604: 4583: 4569: 4542: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4472: 4059:Homegrown multicolored tomatoes 3781:, and has less than 1% each of 3209:Tomatoes keep best unwashed at 3017:leaves and other plants in the 2732:'s experimental greenhouses in 2636:University of California, Davis 1407:needs additional citations for 1023:, which in turn comes from the 907:University of California, Davis 6804:Bittman, Mark (14 June 2011). 6149:"Mortgage Lifter Tomato Seeds" 6008:"Chapter 8.1 Fruit Morphology" 5564:University of Nebraska–Lincoln 5055:Journal of Experimental Botany 4881:Yearbook of Agriculture, 1937, 4847:Yearbook of Agriculture, 1937, 4380: 4367:Smithsonian Journeys Quarterly 4304: 3858:European Food Safety Authority 3216:Storing stem down can prolong 3045:Tomatoes were linked to seven 2793:52-day-old plant, first fruits 2443: 2042: 1810:Since many other fruits, like 1387: 1190:Let's Call the Whole Thing Off 761: 497:and probably other areas. The 488: 473:, a relative of the poisonous 13: 1: 9413:Crops originating from Mexico 6869:(inactive 16 September 2024). 6496:Bomford, Michael (May 2004), 6437:Bomford, Michael (May 2009). 6321:Hahn, J.; Fetzer, J. (2009). 6265:Annual Review of Microbiology 5441:. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 5292:Cambridge Dictionaries Online 5266:"On the Love Apple or Tomato" 5022:Kolata, Gina (28 June 2012). 4335:Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). 4189: 3915:, Spain, annually celebrates 3899:. Scientists use tomato as a 3863: 3793:and are a moderate source of 3100:, the tomato is considered a 3038: 2817: 2690:(463 tonnes per hectare) and 1673:can be created in the lab by 1551:of three to twelve together. 843:is from 1710, when herbalist 782: 718: 7942: 6640:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.03.008 6597:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.005 6197:10.1371/journal.pone.0109328 5348:. OECD Consensus Documents. 4743:Beyer, Greg (7 April 2024). 3763:Percentages estimated using 3245: 3013:, a toxic alkaloid found in 2997:as major producers (table). 2597:Tomatoes are often grown in 1977:of a meal, rather than as a 1942:Vegetable § Terminology 1082:The usual pronunciations of 1000: 966:sweeter and more flavorful. 332:indigenous peoples of Mexico 7: 8483:Genetically modified tomato 6806:"The True Cost of Tomatoes" 6775:"Growing in the Greenhouse" 5697:(Mill.) Wettst. subsection 5484:Abadi, Mark (26 May 2018). 5243:Online Etymology Dictionary 4104: 3808: 3756:Link to USDA Database entry 3092:Though it is botanically a 3075: 3000: 2651:genetically modified tomato 2249:but slow growing genetics. 2239:phage combination therapies 2212:A common tomato disease is 2092:feeding on tomato plant sap 2062: 1840: 1806:Genetically modified tomato 932:Modern commercial varieties 613: 591:. They also took it to the 10: 9464: 7679:Journal of Insect Behavior 7198:"Tomatoes taken off menus" 5932:10.1186/s12864-021-08212-x 5705:American Journal of Botany 5603:10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1237 5465:. Singapore National Parks 4670:. p. 342 (plate 133). 4411:Mcgee, H. (29 July 2009). 4339:. The Guardian, London, UK 4026: 4022: 4017:review-aggregation website 3801:), but otherwise have low 3204: 3067:, may have been involved. 2697: 2694:(429 tonnes per hectare). 2590:Greenhouse cultivation in 2420:Tomato plants can protect 2358: 2066: 1939: 1803: 1515:, appearing on the apical 683: 595:, from where it spread to 433: 29: 9021: 8560: 8527: 8465: 8421: 8365: 8222: 7986: 7950: 7878:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.016 7809:10.1007/s00216-008-2313-4 7586:10.1007/s10552-015-0659-4 6463:10.1080/10440040902835001 5995:. CRC Press. p. 288. 5648:"Lycopersicon esculentum" 5215:10.1007/s10327-006-0299-3 5166:10.1002/9781118061015.ch9 5120:10.1038/s41576-018-0002-5 4589:Gentilcore, David (2010) 3984:(The Tomato Festival) in 3762: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3693: 3680: 3667: 3654: 3641: 3628: 3615: 3602: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3560: 3547: 3534: 3517: 3501: 3484: 3467: 3450: 3433: 3398: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3362: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3290: 3274: 3270: 3266:74 kJ (18 kcal) 3260: 3255: 2965: 2825:Tomato production – 2022 2824: 2734:Lake Buena Vista, Florida 2716:Lake Buena Vista, Florida 1831:genetically modified food 1774: 1764: 1753: 1742: 1730: 1720: 1710: 1695: 1685: 1632:Lycopersicon lycopersicum 1624:Lycopersicum lycopersicum 1589:placed the tomato in the 1382: 770:Tomatoes growing in Ghana 637:highly prized for making 451:, 1558. Naturalis Leiden. 213:Lycopersicon lycopersicum 208: 201: 184: 177: 57:Scientific classification 55: 46: 41: 9443:Plants described in 1753 8214:List of tomato cultivars 8014:Aunt Ruby's German Green 7659:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2031 7000:. Walt Disney World News 6954:31 December 2020 at the 6687:. Berkeley, CA: Heydey. 6662:. Springer. p. 41. 6400:1 September 2017 at the 6010:. In Tepe, Emily (ed.). 5387:"Crop Profiles – Tomato" 5362:10.1787/9789264279728-en 4029:List of tomato cultivars 2730:Walt Disney World Resort 2666: 2502:This is not the same as 2406:is thought to repel the 2365:List of beneficial weeds 2361:List of companion plants 2252: 2081:feeding on unripe tomato 1484:Most tomato plants have 620: 606: 458:Solanum pimpinellifolium 9336:Lycopersicon_esculentum 9134:Lycopersicon_esculentum 9023:Lycopersicon esculentum 7675:Phthorimaea operculella 7479:10.3390/biology11020239 7305:. Ohio State University 6716:Lycopersicon esculentum 6557:10.1163/156854100509394 6323:"Slugs in Home Gardens" 5264:Sabine, Joseph (1820). 4993:10.1126/science.1222218 4866:. ci.reynoldsburg.oh.us 3960:Alexander W. Livingston 3896:Rhizophagus irregularis 3871:Phthorimaea operculella 3868:The potato tuber moth ( 3835:cardiovascular diseases 3765:US recommendations 3165:as a key ingredient in 3070: 2568:Lycopersicon esculentum 2491:(probably a species of 2428:, because they contain 2307:Colorado potato beetles 2069:List of tomato diseases 2055:. A fertilizer with an 1636:Lycopersicon esculentum 1612:Lycopersicon esculentum 1029: 1017:comes from the Spanish 872:Alexander W. Livingston 735:Encyclopædia Britannica 727:North American colonies 516: 510: 388:across the world, with 221:Lycopersicon esculentum 32:Tomato (disambiguation) 8149:Pomodorino di Manduria 7623:Labeling and Nutrition 6973:Guinness World Records 6949:A World Record Breaker 6853:California Agriculture 6656:Sharma, V. P. (2012). 6538:Ploeg, Antoon (2000). 5796:. Sol Genomics Network 5463:"Solanum lycopersicum" 5154:Plant Breeding Reviews 4522:Sophie D. Coe (2015). 3993: 3980: 3935: 3891:arbuscular mycorrhizal 3769:the National Academies 3187: 3089: 2781:27 days after planting 2718: 2594: 2583: 2582:Hydroponic cultivation 2468:; they were much more 2461: 2453: 2105: 2093: 2082: 2005:of all kinds (such as 1936:Fruit versus vegetable 1547:; they are borne in a 1477: 1455: 1129:North American English 1019: 1010: 957: 949: 941: 940:Yellow cherry tomatoes 836: 790:Middle Eastern cuisine 771: 693: 680:grown in that region. 667: 642: 601:Mediterranean climates 580:, or "golden apples". 576: 567:Pietro Andrea Mattioli 452: 430: 422:–4 in) in width. 239: 8230:List of tomato dishes 7574:Cancer Causes Control 7537:10.3945/an.114.005231 7099:on 28 September 2014. 7092:. NIH. Archived from 6737:10.1007/s002940050189 6616:Meloidogyne incognita 6113:"Processing tomatoes" 6013:The Science of Plants 5528:10.1104/pp.111.173997 4828:Smith, A. F. (1994). 4486:The East Hampton Star 4452:Smith, A. F. (1994). 4387:Smith, K. Annabelle. 4133:List of tomato dishes 3999:Dutch Socialist party 3978: 3929: 3854:ultraviolet radiation 3833:affects the onset of 3364:Vitamins and minerals 3163:Mediterranean cuisine 3083: 2705: 2589: 2581: 2459: 2451: 2396:. These also attract 2332:plant peptide hormone 2099: 2088: 2077: 1475: 1453: 1180:were immortalized in 1008: 955: 947: 939: 861:Robert Gibbon Johnson 841:British North America 823: 769: 691: 628: 526:Bernardino de Sahagún 465:and other peoples in 441: 428: 237: 8841:Solanum~lycopersicum 8714:Solanum lycopersicum 8592:Solanum lycopersicum 8562:Solanum lycopersicum 8442:Tobacco mosaic virus 8255:Fried green tomatoes 7629:on 14 November 2017. 7110:Brevitz, B. (2004). 7038:Solanum lycopersicum 6904:on 6 September 2015. 6866:10.3733/ca.v054n04p6 6577:Applied Soil Ecology 6120:Commodity Fact Sheet 5437:Acquaah, G. (2002). 4875:Boswell, Victor R. " 4841:Boswell, Victor R. " 4393:Smithsonian Magazine 4265:Encyclopedia of Life 4261:Solanum lycopersicum 3030:fried green tomatoes 2708:Living with the Land 2682:Tomato farms in the 2623:Picking and ripening 2309:. The tomato russet 2214:tobacco mosaic virus 2193:tobacco mosaic virus 2173:wilt strain I and II 2051:, with thousands of 2020:laws that imposed a 1995:aubergines/eggplants 1957:, consisting of the 1873:improve this section 1833:was a tomato called 1800:Genetic modification 1658:Solanum lycopersicum 1604:Solanum lycopersicum 1416:improve this article 1009:Bangladeshi tomatoes 905:and processing. The 857:Michele Felice Cornè 778:, British consul in 649:, the grand duke of 546:Spanish distribution 311:Solanum lycopersicum 188:Solanum lycopersicum 170:S. lycopersicum 30:For other uses, see 8355:Tomato and egg soup 8154:Pomodoro di Pachino 7869:2012CBio...22.1035T 7691:1988JIBeh...1..261V 7472:(2). MDPI AG: 239. 7280:on 14 February 2013 6936:Chester Progressive 6632:2006CrPro..25.1210N 6589:2010AppSE..46..307H 6455:2009JSusA..33..396B 6188:2014PLoSO...9j9328N 6067:Fruit or Vegetable? 6042:Fruit or Vegetable? 5977:4 June 2012 at the 5882:10.1038/nature11119 5874:2012Natur.485..635T 5618:"Welcome to nginx!" 5393:on 26 November 2009 5207:2006JGPP...72..335C 4985:2012Sci...336.1711P 4979:(6089): 1711–1715. 4659:Elizabeth Blackwell 3486:Pantothenic acid (B 3252: 2392:, and occasionally 2336:protease inhibitors 2316:Aculops lycopersici 2007:courgettes/zucchini 1692: 1691:Genomic information 1178:dual pronunciations 915:Escalon, California 786: 1799 to 1825 752:Elizabeth Blackwell 565:written in 1544 by 8457:Tomato russet mite 8124:Matt's Wild Cherry 8009:Arkansas Traveller 7842:David Gentilcore. 7791:Morin, XK (2008). 7772:on 12 October 2007 7699:10.1007/BF01054525 7178:on 13 October 2007 7148:on 26 January 2008 6938:. 16 January 2008. 6831:The New York Times 6811:The New York Times 6773:Jones, J. Benton. 6525:10.1246/cl.1975.43 5763:10.1007/BF00225895 5622:gardenersworld.com 5069:10.1093/jxb/eru165 5028:The New York Times 4939:on 10 October 2008 4864:About Reynoldsburg 4708:Appletons' Journal 4418:The New York Times 4228:are nested within 4095:Red tomatoes with 4006:Reynoldsburg, Ohio 3994: 3964:Reynoldsburg, Ohio 3936: 3907:In popular culture 3852:, skin exposed to 3829:in tomatoes or in 3720:Other constituents 3250: 3232:concentrated paste 3090: 2719: 2607:temperate climates 2595: 2584: 2462: 2454: 2106: 2094: 2083: 2032:U.S. Supreme Court 1967:culinary vegetable 1776:Year of completion 1712:Specimen sequenced 1690: 1640:nomen conservandum 1616:plant naming rules 1568:beefsteak tomatoes 1478: 1465:Tomato plants are 1456: 1035:[ˈtomat͡ɬ] 1011: 958: 950: 942: 924:, especially with 837: 772: 694: 643: 453: 431: 386:temperate climates 348:Columbian exchange 240: 9395: 9394: 8885:Open Tree of Life 8554:Taxon identifiers 8545: 8544: 8275:Pasta al pomodoro 7863:(11): 1035–1039. 7739:10.1111/nph.13753 7426:978-0-309-48834-1 7241:10.1021/jf070791p 7204:on 25 August 2011 7127:978-0-7611-2795-6 7034:Solanum tuberosum 6975:. 20 April 2006. 6712:Coprinus cinereus 6669:978-81-8489-991-7 6513:Chemistry Letters 6381:978-1-4020-8181-1 6063:"Confusing Items" 5868:(7400): 635–641. 5711:(10): 1888–1902. 5448:978-0-13-033125-0 5371:978-92-64-27971-1 5236:Harper, Douglas. 5191:Alternaria solani 5062:(16): 4589–4598. 4562:978-0-521-40214-9 4481:"Killer Tomatoes" 4465:978-1-57003-000-0 4079:(lower left) and 4015:" is an American 3805:content (table). 3775: 3774: 3710: 3709: 3251:Red tomatoes, raw 3140:breaded and fried 3117:Heston Blumenthal 3019:nightshade family 2979: 2978: 2975: 2470:self-incompatible 2426:asparagus beetles 2390:Queen Anne's lace 2291:tomato fruitworms 2275:tobacco hornworms 2223:, carried by the 2119:Various forms of 1909: 1908: 1901: 1784: 1783: 1448: 1447: 1440: 995:Alternaria solani 865:ornamental plants 647:Cosimo de' Medici 448:En Tibi Herbarium 396:that have a weak 232: 231: 16:(Redirected from 9455: 9428:Fruit vegetables 9388: 9387: 9378: 9377: 9365: 9364: 9352: 9351: 9339: 9338: 9329: 9328: 9316: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9293: 9292: 9290:NHMSYS0000460517 9280: 9279: 9267: 9266: 9254: 9253: 9241: 9240: 9228: 9227: 9215: 9214: 9202: 9201: 9189: 9188: 9176: 9175: 9163: 9162: 9150: 9149: 9137: 9136: 9124: 9123: 9111: 9110: 9098: 9097: 9088: 9087: 9075: 9074: 9062: 9061: 9052: 9051: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9014: 9013: 9001: 9000: 8991: 8990: 8978: 8977: 8968: 8967: 8955: 8954: 8942: 8941: 8929: 8928: 8916: 8915: 8903: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8880: 8879: 8867: 8866: 8854: 8853: 8844: 8843: 8831: 8830: 8818: 8817: 8805: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8782: 8781: 8769: 8768: 8756: 8755: 8743: 8742: 8730: 8729: 8717: 8716: 8704: 8703: 8691: 8690: 8678: 8677: 8665: 8664: 8652: 8651: 8639: 8638: 8629: 8628: 8616: 8615: 8606: 8605: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8549: 8548: 8535: 8534: 8502:Museum of Tomato 8447:Tomato fruitworm 8383:Pickapeppa Sauce 8295:Sun-dried tomato 8290:Stuffed tomatoes 8280:Pizza Margherita 8114:Lillian's Yellow 7987:Tomato cultivars 7937: 7930: 7923: 7914: 7913: 7890: 7880: 7831: 7830: 7820: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7741: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7597: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7548: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7499: 7481: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7268: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7091: 7083: 7074: 7073: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6965: 6959: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6928: 6922: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6894: 6885: 6884: 6878: 6870: 6868: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6781:. Archived from 6779:Growing Tomatoes 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6755:. Archived from 6725:Current Genetics 6722: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6653: 6644: 6643: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6411: 6405: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6329:on 11 March 2011 6318: 6312: 6311: 6285: 6255: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6209: 6199: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6128: 6117: 6109: 6103: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5988: 5982: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5952: 5934: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5893: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5720: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5596:(5): 1237–1242. 5581: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5490:Business Insider 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5389:. Archived from 5382: 5376: 5375: 5343: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5101: 5092: 5091: 5081: 5071: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5019: 5013: 5012: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4907: 4901: 4890: 4884: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4850: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4608: 4602: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4489:. Archived from 4476: 4470: 4469: 4449: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4408: 4397: 4396: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4358: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4312:"Tomato History" 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4286: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4259:"Garden Tomato. 4255: 4238: 4237: 4204: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4099:in a supermarket 4092: 4068: 4056: 4040: 3983: 3597: 3522: 3506: 3489: 3472: 3455: 3438: 3400:Vitamin A equiv. 3393: 3360: 3359: 3253: 3249: 3211:room temperature 3192: 3181:dishes, such as 2966: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2841: 2822: 2821: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2723:Edmond, Oklahoma 2556:gene, including 2550:Homologs of the 2529:buzz pollination 2504:self-pollination 2434:asparagusic acid 2371:companion plants 2355:Companion plants 2271:tomato hornworms 2079:Tomato fruitworm 1949:, a tomato is a 1904: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1853: 1845: 1738: 1706: 1693: 1689: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1443: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1400: 1392: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1064:Luigi Anguillara 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1037: 1032: 1022: 853:Thomas Jefferson 835:tomato varieties 808:), grilled with 787: 784: 756:A Curious Herbal 672: 633:is a well-known 616: 579: 519: 513: 421: 420: 416: 304:) is the edible 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 292: 289: 286: 283: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 263: 260: 257: 254: 225: 217: 190: 65: 64: 51: 39: 38: 21: 9463: 9462: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9398: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9383: 9381: 9373: 9368: 9360: 9355: 9347: 9342: 9334: 9332: 9324: 9321:Observation.org 9319: 9311: 9309: 9301: 9296: 9288: 9283: 9275: 9270: 9262: 9257: 9249: 9244: 9236: 9231: 9223: 9218: 9210: 9205: 9197: 9192: 9184: 9179: 9171: 9166: 9158: 9153: 9145: 9140: 9132: 9127: 9119: 9114: 9106: 9101: 9093: 9091: 9083: 9078: 9070: 9065: 9057: 9055: 9047: 9045: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9017: 9009: 9004: 8996: 8994: 8986: 8981: 8973: 8971: 8963: 8958: 8950: 8945: 8937: 8932: 8924: 8919: 8911: 8906: 8898: 8896: 8888: 8883: 8875: 8872:Observation.org 8870: 8862: 8857: 8849: 8847: 8839: 8834: 8826: 8821: 8813: 8808: 8800: 8799:MichiganFlora: 8798: 8790: 8785: 8777: 8772: 8764: 8759: 8751: 8746: 8738: 8733: 8725: 8720: 8712: 8707: 8699: 8694: 8686: 8681: 8673: 8668: 8660: 8655: 8647: 8642: 8634: 8632: 8624: 8619: 8611: 8609: 8601: 8599: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8556: 8546: 8541: 8523: 8461: 8452:Tomato hornworm 8417: 8413:Tomato seed oil 8361: 8300:Stewed tomatoes 8265:Pa amb tomàquet 8260:Galayet bandora 8218: 8189:Super Sweet 100 8129:Mortgage Lifter 8059:Cherokee purple 7982: 7946: 7941: 7897: 7857:Current Biology 7839: 7837:Further reading 7834: 7789: 7785: 7775: 7773: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7726:New Phytologist 7718: 7714: 7671: 7667: 7638: 7634: 7615: 7611: 7580:(11): 1521–50. 7566: 7562: 7517: 7513: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7427: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7359:on 5 April 2013 7347: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7266: 7260: 7256: 7235:(14): 5776–80. 7221: 7217: 7207: 7205: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7151: 7149: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7128: 7108: 7104: 7096: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7077: 7042:Disease-a-Month 7030: 7026: 7016: 7014: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6992: 6982: 6980: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6956:Wayback Machine 6947: 6943: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6913: 6909: 6896: 6895: 6888: 6872: 6871: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6823: 6819: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6767: 6762:on 6 July 2010. 6759: 6720: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6681: 6677: 6670: 6654: 6647: 6620:Crop Protection 6608: 6604: 6569: 6565: 6536: 6532: 6509: 6505: 6494: 6490: 6480: 6478: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6412: 6408: 6402:Wayback Machine 6393: 6389: 6382: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6319: 6315: 6256: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6236:on 14 June 2012 6226: 6222: 6182:(10): e109328, 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6153:www.ufseeds.com 6147: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6129:on 11 June 2016 6126: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6004: 6000: 5989: 5985: 5979:Wayback Machine 5970: 5966: 5911: 5907: 5854: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5823:on 13 July 2010 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5790: 5786: 5746: 5742: 5718:10.2307/3558365 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5654:on 6 June 2011. 5646: 5645: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5234: 5230: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5156:. Vol. 4. 5150: 5143: 5102: 5095: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5020: 5016: 4968: 4964: 4960:. tomatonet.org 4956: 4952: 4942: 4940: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4891: 4887: 4874: 4870: 4862: 4853: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4810: 4787:10.2307/2399094 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4741: 4737: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4609: 4605: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4493:on 29 May 2009. 4477: 4473: 4466: 4450: 4433: 4423: 4421: 4409: 4400: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4241: 4206: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4117: 4110: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4084: 4075:(biggest red), 4069: 4060: 4057: 4048: 4045:heirloom tomato 4041: 4032: 4025: 4013:Rotten Tomatoes 4004:The US city of 3981:Tomatkarnevalen 3909: 3866: 3811: 3758: 3753: 3701: 3688: 3675: 3662: 3649: 3636: 3623: 3610: 3598: 3568: 3555: 3542: 3529: 3520: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3487: 3479: 3470: 3462: 3453: 3445: 3436: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3406: 3394: 3365: 3354: 3349: 3330: 3325: 3286: 3281: 3248: 3207: 3189:pa amb tomàquet 3142:, used to make 3078: 3073: 3065:serrano peppers 3043: 3003: 2938: 2936: 2920: 2918: 2902: 2900: 2884: 2882: 2866: 2864: 2848: 2846: 2835: 2833: 2820: 2813: 2803: 2794: 2791: 2782: 2779: 2770: 2767: 2758: 2755: 2700: 2669: 2640:Gordie C. Hanna 2625: 2576: 2541: 2539:Fruit formation 2446: 2408:tomato hornworm 2398:predatory flies 2378:parasitic wasps 2367: 2357: 2344: 2342:Other disorders 2299:red spider mite 2283:cabbage loopers 2255: 2225:beet leafhopper 2114:heirloom plants 2102:heirloom tomato 2072: 2065: 2045: 1971:culinary fruits 1963:flowering plant 1944: 1938: 1919:, and numerous 1905: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1870: 1854: 1843: 1808: 1802: 1736: 1704:GCF_000188115.5 1702: 1688: 1683: 1598:(alongside the 1583: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1486:compound leaves 1444: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1413: 1401: 1390: 1385: 1352: 1329: 1325: 1293: 1289: 1261: 1257: 1229: 1225: 1197: 1193: 1186:George Gershwin 1174:British English 1166: 1136: 1132: 1121: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1003: 960: 934: 911:Charles M. Rick 818: 785: 764: 686: 655:Torre del Gallo 623: 609: 548: 491: 436: 418: 414: 413: 324:Central America 280: 276: 251: 247: 228: 223: 215: 197: 192: 186: 173: 59: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9461: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9379: 9366: 9353: 9340: 9330: 9317: 9307: 9294: 9281: 9268: 9255: 9242: 9229: 9216: 9203: 9190: 9177: 9164: 9151: 9138: 9125: 9112: 9099: 9089: 9076: 9063: 9053: 9043: 9027: 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9011:wfo-0001029216 9002: 8992: 8979: 8969: 8956: 8943: 8930: 8917: 8904: 8894: 8881: 8868: 8855: 8845: 8832: 8819: 8806: 8796: 8783: 8770: 8757: 8744: 8731: 8718: 8705: 8692: 8679: 8666: 8653: 8640: 8630: 8617: 8607: 8597: 8582: 8566: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8504: 8499: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8480: 8475: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8398:Tomato compote 8395: 8393:Tomato chutney 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8342: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8069:Fourth of July 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7940: 7939: 7932: 7925: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7904: 7896: 7895:External links 7893: 7892: 7891: 7847: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7783: 7753: 7732:(1): 184–195. 7712: 7685:(3): 261–275. 7665: 7632: 7609: 7560: 7511: 7452: 7425: 7404: 7370: 7340: 7328: 7316: 7291: 7254: 7215: 7189: 7159: 7133: 7126: 7102: 7075: 7048:(6): 391–402. 7024: 7002: 6990: 6960: 6941: 6923: 6907: 6886: 6843: 6817: 6796: 6785:on 20 May 2016 6765: 6731:(2): 144–157. 6700: 6693: 6675: 6668: 6645: 6626:(11): 1210–3. 6612:Tagetes erecta 6602: 6563: 6530: 6503: 6488: 6449:(4): 396–417. 6429: 6406: 6387: 6380: 6362: 6340: 6313: 6274:Annual Reviews 6247: 6220: 6166: 6140: 6104: 6079: 6054: 6029: 6022: 5998: 5983: 5964: 5905: 5848: 5834: 5807: 5784: 5757:(2): 181–186. 5740: 5679: 5657: 5639: 5609: 5576: 5551: 5522:(4): 2244–54. 5502: 5476: 5454: 5447: 5429: 5404: 5377: 5370: 5330: 5305: 5279: 5256: 5228: 5201:(6): 335–347. 5181: 5174: 5141: 5114:(6): 347–356. 5093: 5040: 5014: 4962: 4950: 4924: 4902: 4885: 4868: 4851: 4834: 4821: 4808: 4761: 4735: 4713: 4695: 4673: 4650: 4637: 4623: 4603: 4582: 4568: 4561: 4541: 4535:978-1477309711 4534: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4471: 4464: 4431: 4398: 4379: 4350: 4324: 4303: 4276: 4239: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4177: 4172: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4085: 4070: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4051: 4049: 4042: 4035: 4024: 4021: 3908: 3905: 3893:fungi such as 3876:P. operculella 3865: 3862: 3820:blood thinners 3810: 3807: 3773: 3772: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3441: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3247: 3244: 3206: 3203: 3146:, or pickled. 3096:, a subset of 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3042: 3037: 3002: 2999: 2977: 2976: 2973:United Nations 2963: 2962: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2843: 2842: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2749: 2699: 2696: 2668: 2665: 2624: 2621: 2575: 2572: 2540: 2537: 2445: 2442: 2356: 2353: 2343: 2340: 2254: 2251: 2231:Bacterial wilt 2210: 2209: 2197: 2185: 2174: 2164: 2151: 2139: 2064: 2061: 2044: 2041: 2037:Tariff of 1883 1937: 1934: 1907: 1906: 1857: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1804:Main article: 1801: 1798: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1766:Protein-coding 1762: 1761: 1758: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1700: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1675:somatic fusion 1582: 1581:Classification 1579: 1572:paste tomatoes 1446: 1445: 1404: 1402: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1188:'s 1937 song " 1176:). The word's 1079: 1076: 1002: 999: 933: 930: 849:South Carolina 845:William Salmon 817: 814: 763: 760: 702:barber-surgeon 685: 682: 622: 619: 608: 605: 597:southeast Asia 547: 544: 490: 487: 435: 432: 377:ingredient or 230: 229: 227: 226: 218: 216:(L. H. Karst.) 209: 206: 205: 199: 198: 193: 182: 181: 175: 174: 167: 165: 161: 160: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 116: 115: 110: 103: 102: 97: 90: 89: 84: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9460: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9386: 9380: 9376: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9327: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9304: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9050: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9020: 9012: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8966: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8891: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8842: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8627: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8550: 8538: 8530: 8529: 8526: 8520: 8519:Tomato slicer 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8508:Nix v. Hedden 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8437:Fusarium wilt 8435: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8364: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8310:Tomato bredie 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8245:Caprese salad 8243: 8241: 8240:Canned tomato 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8194:Three Sisters 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8034:Blaby Special 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7938: 7933: 7931: 7926: 7924: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7908: 7905: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7888: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7841: 7840: 7828: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7803:(3): 333–40. 7802: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7757: 7749: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7716: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7669: 7660: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7531:(5): 457–85. 7530: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7408: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7344: 7337: 7332: 7325: 7320: 7301: 7295: 7276: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7219: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7106: 7095: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7012: 7006: 6999: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6964: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6945: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6921:, August 2014 6920: 6916: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6882: 6876: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6769: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6704: 6696: 6694:9781597142946 6690: 6686: 6679: 6671: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6583:(3): 307–20. 6582: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6558: 6553: 6550:(5): 489–93. 6549: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6492: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6391: 6383: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6350: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6252: 6235: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6108: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6088:Nix v. Hedden 6083: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6025: 6023:9781946135872 6019: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5844: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5795: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5744: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5683: 5667: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5580: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5516:Plant Physiol 5513: 5506: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5464: 5458: 5450: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5334: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5177: 5175:9781118061015 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5146: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5100: 5098: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5044: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4750: 4749:The Collector 4746: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4683: 4677: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4647: 4641: 4626: 4624:9781441904713 4620: 4616: 4615: 4607: 4600: 4599:0-231-15206-X 4596: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4572: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4545: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4355: 4338: 4331: 4329: 4313: 4307: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4264: 4262: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4194: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4155:Tomato effect 4153: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3901:model species 3898: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3882:of the leaf. 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3804: 3803:micronutrient 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779:carbohydrates 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3509: 3507: 3500: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3459: 3457: 3452:Riboflavin (B 3449: 3442: 3440: 3432: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3404:beta-Carotene 3401: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3303: 3302:Dietary fiber 3299: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278:Carbohydrates 3273: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3150:is sold as a 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3121:glutamic acid 3118: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3082: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3053:salmonellosis 3050: 3049: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2995:United States 2992: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2909:United States 2899: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2717: 2713: 2710:boat ride at 2709: 2704: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2649:introduced a 2648: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2580: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2458: 2450: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2237:, 2019 found 2236: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2027:Nix v. Hedden 2023: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1903: 1900: 1892: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1858:This section 1856: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608:Philip Miller 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1454:Tomato flower 1452: 1442: 1439: 1431: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1405:This section 1403: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1380: 1376: 1323: 1317: 1285: 1253: 1221: 1192:" ("You like 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1160: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1115: 1085: 1078:Pronunciation 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1053:specific name 1046: 1044:pronunciation 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1007: 998: 996: 990: 986: 984: 980: 977: 973: 967: 964: 954: 946: 938: 929: 927: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 883: 879: 875: 873: 869: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 834: 830: 826: 822: 816:United States 813: 811: 807: 806:Turkish salad 803: 802:Shirazi salad 799: 798:Israeli salad 795: 791: 781: 777: 768: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 690: 681: 679: 676: 671: 670: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 636: 632: 627: 618: 615: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 578: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 555:Hernán Cortés 553: 543: 541: 536: 532: 527: 523: 518: 512: 506: 504: 500: 496: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 459: 450: 449: 444: 440: 427: 423: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316:South America 313: 312: 308:of the plant 307: 301: 272: 245: 236: 222: 219: 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 200: 196: 191: 189: 183: 180: 179:Binomial name 176: 172: 171: 166: 163: 162: 159: 158: 154: 151: 150: 147: 144: 141: 140: 137: 134: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 91: 88: 87:Tracheophytes 85: 82: 79: 78: 75: 72: 69: 68: 63: 58: 54: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 9349:tro-29602513 9022: 8913:tro-29605838 8561: 8514:Tomato knife 8506: 8494: 8408:Tomato paste 8340:Tomato sauce 8315:Tomato juice 8139:Paul Robeson 8074:Garden Peach 7951:Tomato types 7943: 7860: 7856: 7843: 7800: 7796: 7786: 7774:. Retrieved 7770:the original 7756: 7729: 7725: 7715: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7649: 7646:EFSA Journal 7645: 7635: 7627:the original 7622: 7612: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7528: 7524: 7514: 7469: 7465: 7455: 7443:. Retrieved 7415: 7407: 7395:. Retrieved 7386: 7373: 7361:. Retrieved 7357:the original 7352: 7349:"Vegetables" 7343: 7331: 7319: 7307:. Retrieved 7294: 7282:. Retrieved 7275:the original 7270: 7257: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7206:. Retrieved 7202:the original 7192: 7180:. Retrieved 7176:the original 7171: 7162: 7150:. Retrieved 7146:the original 7136: 7112: 7105: 7094:the original 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7015:. Retrieved 7005: 6993: 6981:. Retrieved 6972: 6963: 6944: 6935: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6902:the original 6875:cite journal 6856: 6852: 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6830: 6820: 6809: 6799: 6787:. Retrieved 6783:the original 6778: 6768: 6757:the original 6728: 6724: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6684: 6678: 6658: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6497: 6491: 6481:17 September 6479:. Retrieved 6446: 6442: 6432: 6420:. Retrieved 6418:. The Spruce 6409: 6390: 6371: 6365: 6353:. Retrieved 6343: 6331:. Retrieved 6327:the original 6316: 6269: 6263: 6238:. Retrieved 6234:the original 6223: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6157:. Retrieved 6152: 6143: 6131:. Retrieved 6124:the original 6119: 6107: 6102: (1893). 6086: 6082: 6070:. Retrieved 6066: 6057: 6045:. Retrieved 6041: 6032: 6012: 6001: 5992: 5986: 5967: 5922: 5919:BMC Genomics 5918: 5908: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5837: 5825:. Retrieved 5821:the original 5810: 5798:. Retrieved 5792:Mueller, L. 5787: 5754: 5750: 5743: 5708: 5704: 5699:Lycopersicon 5698: 5695:Lycopersicon 5694: 5690: 5682: 5672:14 September 5670:. Retrieved 5660: 5652:the original 5642: 5630:. Retrieved 5621: 5612: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5567:. Retrieved 5554: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5493:. Retrieved 5489: 5479: 5467:. Retrieved 5457: 5438: 5432: 5420:. Retrieved 5407: 5395:. Retrieved 5391:the original 5380: 5349: 5345: 5333: 5321:. Retrieved 5317: 5308: 5296:. Retrieved 5291: 5282: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5247:. Retrieved 5241: 5231: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5158:Westport, CT 5153: 5111: 5105: 5059: 5053: 5043: 5031:. Retrieved 5027: 5017: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4953: 4941:. Retrieved 4937:the original 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4905: 4897: 4888: 4880: 4871: 4846: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4816: 4811: 4778: 4774: 4764: 4752:. Retrieved 4748: 4738: 4732:: 223. 1881. 4729: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4676: 4663: 4653: 4645: 4640: 4628:. Retrieved 4613: 4606: 4590: 4585: 4571: 4551: 4544: 4524: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4491:the original 4484: 4474: 4454: 4422:. Retrieved 4416: 4392: 4382: 4370:. Retrieved 4366: 4341:. Retrieved 4315:. Retrieved 4306: 4294:. Retrieved 4267:. Retrieved 4260: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214:Lycopersicon 4213: 4211: 4144:Ring culture 4010: 4003: 3995: 3968: 3951: 3937: 3911:The town of 3910: 3894: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3846:health claim 3843: 3824: 3812: 3797:(17% of the 3776: 3724: 3719: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3344: 3320: 3276: 3236:home canning 3228:tomato sauce 3225: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3160: 3148:Tomato juice 3125: 3091: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3004: 2980: 2959: 2954: 2727: 2720: 2681: 2670: 2654: 2644: 2633: 2626: 2615: 2611: 2596: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2542: 2501: 2493:halictid bee 2486: 2463: 2436:that repels 2419: 2412: 2402: 2375: 2368: 2345: 2325: 2314: 2295:flea beetles 2256: 2234: 2229: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2153: 2147:verticillium 2146: 2141: 2131: 2118: 2107: 2046: 2025: 2015: 1983:bell peppers 1945: 1910: 1895: 1889:January 2017 1886: 1871:Please help 1859: 1828: 1812:strawberries 1809: 1791: 1785: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1620:lycopersicum 1619: 1611: 1603: 1593: 1584: 1576: 1554:Although in 1553: 1510: 1502: 1483: 1479: 1464: 1457: 1434: 1425: 1414:Please help 1409:verification 1406: 1083: 1081: 1072:lyocpersicum 1071: 1068:lycopersicum 1067: 1056:lycopersicum 1055: 1014: 1012: 994: 991: 987: 972:chromoplasts 968: 959: 919: 884: 880: 876: 870: 838: 773: 755: 733: 731: 705: 695: 663: 644: 610: 582: 559:Tenochtitlan 552:conquistador 549: 507: 492: 456: 454: 446: 442: 383: 352: 310: 309: 243: 241: 220: 212: 187: 185: 169: 168: 156: 119: 106: 93: 80: 36: 27:Edible berry 8810:NatureServe 8748:iNaturalist 8586:Wikispecies 8496:La Tomatina 8345:Tomato soup 8319:Tomato pie 8305:Strapatsada 8174:San Marzano 8134:Mr. Stripey 8094:Indigo Rose 8079:Green Zebra 8029:Big Rainbow 8004:Amish Paste 7994:Ailsa Craig 7652:(4): 2031. 7363:18 February 7324:How To Cook 7284:18 February 7271:ANR Catalog 6519:(1): 43–4. 6422:26 February 6355:11 November 6159:21 February 5693:L. section 5590:HortScience 5569:20 November 5495:21 November 5079:10251/79375 4343:18 February 4218:Cyphomandra 4208:"Phylogeny" 4165:Nightshades 4119:Food portal 4081:Green Zebra 3917:La Tomatina 3831:supplements 3799:Daily Value 3435:Thiamine (B 3156:Bloody Mary 3136:tomato soup 2807:Maharashtra 2684:Netherlands 2653:called the 2599:greenhouses 2489:pollinators 2466:pollination 2444:Pollination 2382:umbellifers 2136:late blight 2043:Cultivation 1991:green beans 1975:main course 1947:Botanically 1745:chromosomes 1732:Genome size 1606:. In 1768, 1560:botanically 1498:chlorophyll 1490:potato leaf 1388:Description 1288:and I like 1256:/ You like 1224:and I like 976:carotenoids 922:dry-farming 776:John Barker 762:Middle East 746:, and as a 710:plagiarized 704:. Gerard's 698:John Gerard 678:plum tomato 675:San Marzano 635:plum tomato 631:San Marzano 593:Philippines 489:Mesoamerica 467:Mesoamerica 390:greenhouses 367:botanically 100:Angiosperms 9402:Categories 9344:Plant List 9092:Calflora: 8995:WisFlora: 8908:Plant List 8488:Flavr Savr 8403:Tomato jam 8366:Condiments 8270:Panzanella 8235:Bruschetta 8099:Jersey Boy 8064:Early Girl 8044:Brandywine 8039:Black Krim 8024:Better Boy 7309:27 October 7182:27 October 6544:Nematology 6276:: 81–100. 5925:(1): 898. 5827:27 October 5800:21 October 5422:27 October 5397:27 October 4913:. UC Davis 4726:The Friend 4372:13 January 4296:15 January 4190:References 4160:Tomato jam 4083:(top left) 4077:Black Krim 4073:Brandywine 3970:Flavr Savr 3944:New Jersey 3864:Host plant 3656:Phosphorus 3412:zeaxanthin 3218:shelf life 3199:South Asia 3197:dishes in 3048:Salmonella 3040:Salmonella 2993:, and the 2818:Production 2661:shelf life 2617:Hydroponic 2533:honey bees 2516:bumblebees 2508:greenhouse 2359:See also: 2349:cat-facing 2287:whiteflies 2263:stink bugs 2259:tomato bug 2205:alternaria 2090:Tomato bug 1940:See also: 1921:seed banks 1835:Flavr Savr 1754:Number of 1743:Number of 1716:Heinz 1706 1494:variegated 1428:April 2022 1322:nitpicking 1172:(usual in 1127:(usual in 983:β-carotene 926:Early Girl 899:irrigation 895:California 794:Arab salad 719:See below. 583:After the 577:pomi d'oro 503:divination 475:belladonna 471:nightshade 402:perennials 371:culinarily 328:cultivated 146:Solanaceae 9186:200020545 9173:200020545 9155:FloraBase 9038:Q15530945 8696:FloraBase 8432:Curly top 8422:Pest and 8373:Capuliato 8199:Tigerella 8179:Santorini 8089:Hillbilly 8054:Celebrity 7958:Beefsteak 7488:2079-7737 6836:18 August 6789:14 August 6308:219621296 6292:0066-4227 5941:1471-2164 5632:3 January 5385:Peet, M. 4894:Tomatoes. 4795:0026-6493 4646:The Times 4269:1 January 4180:Tomatillo 3992:, in 1993 3887:symbiosis 3880:mesophyll 3795:vitamin C 3669:Potassium 3643:Manganese 3630:Magnesium 3562:Vitamin K 3549:Vitamin E 3536:Vitamin C 3519:Folate (B 3503:Vitamin B 3469:Niacin (B 3246:Nutrition 3240:by drying 3169:and many 3102:vegetable 2834:(Millions 2830:Producer 2743:golf ball 2656:FlavrSavr 2645:In 1994, 2592:Andalusia 2497:cultivars 2438:nematodes 2422:asparagus 2247:resistant 2243:selecting 2221:curly top 2182:nematodes 2057:NPK ratio 2053:cultivars 1987:cucumbers 1860:does not 1699:genome ID 1656:, making 1628:tautonyms 1585:In 1753, 1460:decumbent 1013:The word 1001:Etymology 963:phenotype 589:Caribbean 522:tomatillo 379:side dish 375:vegetable 164:Species: 136:Solanales 70:Kingdom: 9408:Tomatoes 9382:VASCAN: 9375:29602513 9370:Tropicos 9333:PalDat: 9238:10207666 9225:146898-2 9129:eFloraSA 9032:Wikidata 8983:VicFlora 8972:VASCAN: 8965:29605838 8960:Tropicos 8836:NSWFlora 8815:2.150996 8779:11222025 8766:316947-2 8633:BioLib: 8571:Wikidata 8537:Category 8466:See also 8424:diseases 8350:Gazpacho 8333:Southern 8250:Fattoush 8223:Culinary 8209:Tomberry 8204:Tomaccio 8184:Siberian 8119:Marglobe 8019:Azoychka 7999:Alicante 7944:Tomatoes 7887:22633806 7827:18704376 7748:26612325 7707:19062069 7604:26354897 7555:25469376 7525:Adv Nutr 7506:35205105 7439:Archived 7435:30844154 7397:28 March 7391:Archived 7381:(2024). 7249:17567148 7172:CBS News 7070:41740029 7062:19446683 6977:Archived 6952:Archived 6475:Archived 6471:51900856 6398:Archived 6300:32530732 6216:25279467 6176:PLOS ONE 6072:25 April 6047:25 April 5975:Archived 5959:34911432 5900:22660326 5771:24185924 5735:21669622 5626:Archived 5546:21673133 5417:IVillage 5356:. 2017. 5276:: 343 f. 5238:"tomato" 5223:36002406 5128:29563555 5088:24723405 5009:23517955 5001:22745430 4661:(1737). 4424:26 March 4290:"Tomato" 4226:Triguera 4222:Normania 4175:Eggplant 4149:Physalis 4138:Marglobe 4105:See also 4097:PLU code 4043:Various 3948:Arkansas 3934:festival 3932:Tomatina 3921:festival 3827:lycopene 3816:platelet 3809:Research 3791:calories 3740:Lycopene 3725:Quantity 3650:0.114 mg 3590:Quantity 3584:Minerals 3497:0.089 mg 3480:0.594 mg 3463:0.019 mg 3446:0.037 mg 3386:Quantity 3380:Vitamins 3183:gazpacho 3086:Parmesan 3076:Culinary 3061:jalapeño 3011:solanine 3007:tomatine 3001:Toxicity 2967:Source: 2673:hectares 2629:ethylene 2531:, which 2512:vibrator 2430:solanine 2328:systemin 2321:necrosis 2267:cutworms 2171:fusarium 2163:strain I 2159:fusarium 2100:A split 2063:Diseases 2011:pumpkins 2003:squashes 1999:avocados 1930:Monsanto 1841:Breeding 1737:827.4 Mb 1587:Linnaeus 1556:culinary 1517:meristem 979:lycopene 887:Sun Belt 725:and its 715:tomatine 571:eggplant 550:Spanish 542:sauce." 511:xitomatl 483:tomatine 410:cultivar 203:Synonyms 142:Family: 126:Asterids 113:Eudicots 18:Tomatoes 9448:Solanum 9298:NTFlora 9272:MoBotPF 9199:2930181 9116:Ecocrop 8727:2930137 8378:Ketchup 8328:Trenton 8323:Italian 8169:Rutgers 8104:Jubilee 8084:Hanover 8049:Campari 7865:Bibcode 7818:2556401 7776:2 April 7687:Bibcode 7595:4596907 7546:4188219 7497:8869745 7466:Biology 7445:21 June 7208:20 July 7152:20 July 6983:22 June 6753:1472500 6745:9021132 6628:Bibcode 6585:Bibcode 6573:Tagetes 6451:Bibcode 6333:23 June 6240:23 June 6207:4184844 6184:Bibcode 5950:8672587 5891:3378239 5870:Bibcode 5779:1015489 5727:3558365 5691:Solanum 5537:3149950 5469:25 July 5249:13 July 5203:Bibcode 5033:29 June 4981:Bibcode 4973:Science 4943:2 April 4917:2 April 4803:2399094 4754:10 June 4688:2 April 4317:27 July 4234:Solanum 4230:Solanum 4023:Gallery 3990:Finland 3787:protein 3744:2573 μg 3702:0.17 mg 3624:0.27 mg 3604:Calcium 3556:0.54 mg 3513:0.08 mg 3346:Protein 3205:Storage 3179:Catalan 3175:Spanish 3132:ketchup 3088:cheese. 2971:of the 2969:FAOSTAT 2698:Records 2692:Iceland 2688:Belgium 2647:Calgene 2603:Siberia 2545:meiosis 2482:corolla 2478:stamens 2386:parsley 2110:hybrids 1979:dessert 1881:removed 1866:sources 1824:bananas 1726:haploid 1667:Solanum 1663:Solanum 1654:Solanum 1650:Genetic 1644:Solanum 1595:Solanum 1545:corolla 1538:⁄ 1528:⁄ 1513:flowers 1025:Nahuatl 903:canning 891:Florida 882:Union. 748:garnish 723:Britain 684:Britain 651:Tuscany 540:avocado 533:, with 434:History 417:⁄ 406:annuals 224:(Mill.) 157:Solanum 152:Genus: 132:Order: 74:Plantae 42:Tomato 9326:152689 9310:NZOR: 9277:287196 9251:122417 9147:185044 9085:315085 9059:120287 9056:APDB: 8952:293619 8921:PLANTS 8890:378964 8848:NZOR: 8792:521671 8740:101442 8675:392557 8649:438651 8613:120065 8610:APDB: 8600:AoFP: 8577:Q23501 8109:Kumato 7963:Cherry 7885: 7825: 7815: 7746: 7705: 7602: 7592: 7553: 7543: 7504: 7494: 7486: 7433: 7423: 7247: 7124: 7068: 7060: 7040:L.)". 7017:14 May 6751: 6743: 6691: 6666: 6469: 6378: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6214: 6204: 6155:. 2021 6133:3 June 6091:, 6020: 5957: 5947: 5939: 5898: 5888: 5862:Nature 5777: 5769: 5733: 5725: 5544: 5534: 5445: 5368: 5323:16 May 5298:15 May 5221: 5172: 5136:736072 5134: 5126: 5107:Nature 5086: 5007: 4999: 4898:AgMRC, 4801: 4793: 4621: 4597: 4559: 4532: 4462: 4224:, and 4170:Potato 3986:Närpes 3839:cancer 3734:94.5 g 3682:Sodium 3676:237 mg 3569:7.9 μg 3428:123 μg 3425:449 μg 3409:lutein 3292:Sugars 3262:Energy 3128:salads 3023:greens 3015:potato 2991:Turkey 2983:tonnes 2945:Mexico 2942: 2924: 2906: 2891:Turkey 2888: 2870: 2852: 2838:tonnes 2677:tonnes 2524:pollen 2520:anther 2518:. The 2474:pistil 2410:moth. 2404:Borage 2305:, and 2279:aphids 2235:et al. 2125:blight 2121:mildew 2049:fruits 2030:, the 2018:tariff 2001:, and 1822:, and 1820:melons 1816:apples 1793:Nature 1788:genome 1770:25,557 1760:31,217 1722:Ploidy 1686:Genome 1671:potato 1600:potato 1521:pistil 1511:Their 1505:leaves 1467:dicots 1383:Botany 1131:) and 1084:tomato 1030:tomatl 1020:tomate 1015:tomato 831:, and 829:cherry 810:kebabs 780:Aleppo 744:broths 706:Herbal 659:Naples 614:fānqié 563:herbal 535:squash 517:tomatl 499:Pueblo 495:Mexico 479:pewter 463:Aztecs 363:fruits 359:salads 344:Aztecs 336:Aztecs 334:. The 322:, and 320:Mexico 244:tomato 9385:21401 9264:30554 9233:IRMNG 9212:22955 9160:10900 9142:EUNIS 9108:3WLP6 9072:80085 9046:APA: 8998:13328 8926:SOLY2 8897:PFI: 8859:NZPCN 8774:IRMNG 8753:51737 8709:FoAO2 8701:47173 8688:LYPES 8662:4Y369 8636:40769 8626:69274 8388:Salsa 7968:Grape 7703:S2CID 7303:(PDF) 7278:(PDF) 7267:(PDF) 7097:(PDF) 7090:(PDF) 7066:S2CID 6760:(PDF) 6749:S2CID 6721:(PDF) 6467:S2CID 6304:S2CID 6272:(1). 6127:(PDF) 6116:(PDF) 6095: 5775:S2CID 5723:JSTOR 5342:(PDF) 5219:S2CID 5132:S2CID 5005:S2CID 4799:JSTOR 4668:(PDF) 4630:3 May 3962:, of 3940:above 3913:Buñol 3889:with 3814:anti- 3731:Water 3663:24 mg 3637:11 mg 3611:10 mg 3543:14 mg 3530:15 μg 3420:42 μg 3353:0.9 g 3329:0.2 g 3306:1.2 g 3296:2.6 g 3285:3.9 g 3195:curry 3171:pasta 3167:pizza 3152:drink 3144:salsa 3110:above 3106:umami 3098:fruit 3094:berry 2987:India 2960:186.2 2955:World 2927:Egypt 2913:10.2 2895:13.0 2877:20.7 2873:India 2859:68.2 2855:China 2811:India 2739:Epcot 2712:Epcot 2667:Yield 2564:rad51 2559:rad51 2424:from 2414:Basil 2303:slugs 2253:Pests 2196:, and 1959:ovary 1955:berry 1951:fruit 1926:Heinz 1917:AVRDC 1756:genes 1602:) as 1591:genus 1564:berry 1562:as a 1060:Galen 1027:word 833:grape 740:soups 639:pizza 621:Italy 607:China 531:chile 394:vines 373:as a 355:umami 306:berry 120:Clade 107:Clade 94:Clade 81:Clade 9357:POWO 9303:5550 9259:ITIS 9220:IPNI 9207:GRIN 9194:GBIF 9121:1379 9095:5243 9080:BOLD 9067:APNI 9049:3537 8975:9380 8934:POWO 8900:4725 8877:7482 8864:2775 8828:4081 8823:NCBI 8802:2711 8787:ITIS 8761:IPNI 8735:GRIN 8722:GBIF 8683:EPPO 8644:BOLD 8621:APNI 8164:Roma 7978:Plum 7973:Pear 7883:PMID 7823:PMID 7778:2009 7744:PMID 7600:PMID 7551:PMID 7502:PMID 7484:ISSN 7447:2024 7431:PMID 7421:ISBN 7399:2024 7365:2013 7311:2008 7286:2013 7245:PMID 7210:2010 7184:2008 7154:2010 7122:ISBN 7058:PMID 7036:L., 7019:2024 6985:2023 6881:link 6838:2013 6791:2012 6741:PMID 6714:and 6689:ISBN 6664:ISBN 6483:2016 6424:2024 6376:ISBN 6357:2016 6335:2012 6296:PMID 6288:ISSN 6242:2012 6212:PMID 6161:2021 6135:2016 6097:U.S. 6074:2022 6049:2022 6018:ISBN 5955:PMID 5937:ISSN 5896:PMID 5829:2008 5802:2009 5767:PMID 5731:PMID 5674:2016 5634:2023 5571:2019 5542:PMID 5497:2019 5471:2024 5443:ISBN 5424:2008 5399:2008 5366:ISBN 5354:OECD 5325:2024 5300:2015 5251:2024 5170:ISBN 5124:PMID 5084:PMID 5035:2012 4997:PMID 4945:2009 4919:2009 4791:ISSN 4756:2024 4690:2009 4632:2021 4619:ISBN 4595:ISBN 4557:ISBN 4530:ISBN 4460:ISBN 4426:2010 4374:2020 4345:2017 4319:2017 4298:2018 4271:2014 3956:Ohio 3785:and 3695:Zinc 3689:5 mg 3617:Iron 3185:and 3177:and 3114:Chef 3071:Uses 3063:and 2949:4.2 2931:6.3 2553:recA 2394:dill 2363:and 2330:, a 2311:mite 2273:and 2245:for 2161:wilt 2149:wilt 2123:and 2022:duty 2009:and 1864:any 1862:cite 1780:2018 1697:NCBI 1549:cyme 1503:The 1184:and 1169:-toh 1124:-toh 1086:are 893:and 859:and 825:Plum 804:and 700:, a 629:The 398:stem 242:The 9285:NBN 9246:ISC 9181:FoC 9168:FNA 9103:CoL 9006:WFO 8947:RHS 8670:EoL 8657:CoL 8603:384 8159:Raf 7873:doi 7813:PMC 7805:doi 7801:392 7766:ITV 7734:doi 7730:210 7695:doi 7654:doi 7590:PMC 7582:doi 7541:PMC 7533:doi 7492:PMC 7474:doi 7387:FDA 7237:doi 7118:404 7050:doi 6861:doi 6733:doi 6636:doi 6618:". 6593:doi 6552:doi 6521:doi 6459:doi 6278:doi 6202:PMC 6192:doi 6100:304 6093:149 5945:PMC 5927:doi 5886:PMC 5878:doi 5866:485 5759:doi 5713:doi 5598:doi 5532:PMC 5524:doi 5520:156 5358:doi 5211:doi 5162:doi 5116:doi 5074:hdl 5064:doi 4989:doi 4977:336 4879:," 4845:," 4783:doi 4263:L." 3850:DNA 3837:or 3783:fat 3595:%DV 3541:16% 3391:%DV 3322:Fat 3234:by 3230:or 3134:or 3112:). 2836:of 2638:'s 2134:– ' 1953:—a 1875:by 1418:by 1182:Ira 1167:MAH 1165:tə- 1122:MAY 1120:tə- 754:'s 524:). 275:or 9404:: 9372:: 9359:: 9346:: 9323:: 9300:: 9287:: 9274:: 9261:: 9248:: 9235:: 9222:: 9209:: 9196:: 9183:: 9170:: 9157:: 9144:: 9131:: 9118:: 9105:: 9082:: 9069:: 9034:: 9008:: 8985:: 8962:: 8949:: 8936:: 8923:: 8910:: 8887:: 8874:: 8861:: 8838:: 8825:: 8812:: 8789:: 8776:: 8763:: 8750:: 8737:: 8724:: 8711:: 8698:: 8685:: 8672:: 8659:: 8646:: 8623:: 8588:: 8573:: 7881:. 7871:. 7861:22 7859:. 7855:. 7821:. 7811:. 7799:. 7795:. 7764:. 7742:. 7728:. 7724:. 7701:. 7693:. 7681:. 7648:. 7644:. 7621:. 7598:. 7588:. 7578:26 7576:. 7572:. 7549:. 7539:. 7527:. 7523:. 7500:. 7490:. 7482:. 7470:11 7468:. 7464:. 7437:. 7429:. 7389:. 7385:. 7351:. 7269:. 7243:. 7233:55 7231:. 7227:. 7170:. 7120:. 7078:^ 7064:. 7056:. 7046:55 7044:. 6971:. 6934:. 6917:, 6889:^ 6877:}} 6873:{{ 6857:54 6855:. 6829:. 6808:. 6777:. 6747:. 6739:. 6729:31 6727:. 6723:. 6648:^ 6634:. 6624:25 6622:. 6591:. 6581:46 6579:. 6546:. 6542:. 6515:. 6473:. 6465:. 6457:. 6447:33 6445:. 6441:. 6374:. 6302:. 6294:. 6286:. 6270:74 6268:. 6262:. 6250:^ 6210:, 6200:, 6190:, 6178:, 6151:. 6118:. 6065:. 6040:. 5953:. 5943:. 5935:. 5923:22 5921:. 5917:. 5894:. 5884:. 5876:. 5864:. 5860:. 5773:. 5765:. 5755:88 5753:. 5729:. 5721:. 5709:88 5707:. 5703:. 5701:)" 5620:. 5594:42 5592:. 5588:. 5562:. 5540:. 5530:. 5518:. 5514:. 5488:. 5415:. 5364:. 5352:. 5344:. 5316:. 5290:. 5272:. 5268:. 5240:. 5217:. 5209:. 5199:72 5197:. 5168:. 5144:^ 5130:. 5122:. 5112:19 5110:. 5096:^ 5082:. 5072:. 5060:65 5058:. 5052:. 5026:. 5003:. 4995:. 4987:. 4975:. 4896:" 4854:^ 4797:. 4789:. 4779:39 4777:. 4773:. 4747:. 4730:54 4728:. 4724:. 4706:. 4483:. 4434:^ 4415:. 4401:^ 4391:. 4365:. 4353:^ 4327:^ 4279:^ 4242:^ 4220:, 4216:, 4210:. 4197:^ 3988:, 3946:. 3923:. 3841:. 3700:2% 3687:0% 3674:8% 3661:2% 3648:5% 3635:3% 3622:2% 3609:1% 3567:7% 3554:4% 3528:4% 3511:5% 3495:2% 3478:4% 3461:1% 3444:3% 3423:4% 3418:5% 3158:. 3025:. 2989:, 2809:, 2714:, 2631:. 2484:. 2388:, 2373:. 2313:, 2301:, 2297:, 2293:, 2289:, 2285:, 2281:, 2277:, 2269:, 2265:, 2261:, 2202:– 2190:– 2179:– 2169:– 2167:FF 2156:– 2144:– 2132:LB 2116:. 1997:, 1993:, 1989:, 1985:, 1928:, 1915:, 1818:, 1814:, 1749:12 1646:. 1372:oʊ 1366:ɑː 1349:oʊ 1343:eɪ 1313:oʊ 1307:ɑː 1281:oʊ 1275:eɪ 1249:oʊ 1243:ɑː 1217:oʊ 1211:eɪ 1156:oʊ 1150:ɑː 1111:oʊ 1105:eɪ 981:, 917:. 827:, 800:, 796:, 783:c. 742:, 729:. 381:. 318:, 297:oʊ 291:ɑː 268:oʊ 262:eɪ 195:L. 122:: 109:: 96:: 83:: 7936:e 7929:t 7922:v 7889:. 7875:: 7867:: 7829:. 7807:: 7780:. 7750:. 7736:: 7709:. 7697:: 7689:: 7683:1 7662:. 7656:: 7650:9 7606:. 7584:: 7557:. 7535:: 7529:5 7508:. 7476:: 7449:. 7401:. 7367:. 7313:. 7288:. 7251:. 7239:: 7212:. 7186:. 7156:. 7130:. 7072:. 7052:: 7021:. 6987:. 6883:) 6863:: 6840:. 6814:. 6793:. 6735:: 6697:. 6672:. 6642:. 6638:: 6630:: 6599:. 6595:: 6587:: 6560:. 6554:: 6548:2 6527:. 6523:: 6517:4 6485:. 6461:: 6453:: 6426:. 6384:. 6359:. 6337:. 6310:. 6280:: 6244:. 6194:: 6186:: 6180:9 6163:. 6137:. 6076:. 6051:. 6026:. 5961:. 5929:: 5902:. 5880:: 5872:: 5845:. 5831:. 5804:. 5781:. 5761:: 5737:. 5715:: 5676:. 5636:. 5606:. 5600:: 5573:. 5548:. 5526:: 5499:. 5473:. 5451:. 5426:. 5401:. 5374:. 5360:: 5350:7 5327:. 5302:. 5274:3 5253:. 5225:. 5213:: 5205:: 5178:. 5164:: 5138:. 5118:: 5090:. 5076:: 5066:: 5037:. 5011:. 4991:: 4983:: 4947:. 4921:. 4892:" 4805:. 4785:: 4758:. 4692:. 4634:. 4601:. 4565:. 4538:. 4468:. 4428:. 4395:. 4376:. 4347:. 4321:. 4300:. 4273:. 4031:. 4011:" 3771:. 3523:) 3521:9 3505:6 3490:) 3488:5 3473:) 3471:3 3456:) 3454:2 3439:) 3437:1 2840:) 2208:. 2200:A 2188:T 2177:N 2154:F 2142:V 2138:' 2071:. 1902:) 1896:( 1891:) 1887:( 1883:. 1869:. 1540:4 1536:3 1533:– 1530:2 1526:1 1441:) 1435:( 1430:) 1426:( 1412:. 1375:/ 1369:t 1363:m 1360:ˈ 1357:ə 1354:t 1346:t 1340:m 1337:ˈ 1334:ə 1331:t 1328:/ 1316:/ 1310:t 1304:m 1301:ˈ 1298:ə 1295:t 1292:/ 1284:/ 1278:t 1272:m 1269:ˈ 1266:ə 1263:t 1260:/ 1252:/ 1246:t 1240:t 1237:ˈ 1234:ə 1231:p 1228:/ 1220:/ 1214:t 1208:t 1205:ˈ 1202:ə 1199:p 1196:/ 1159:/ 1153:t 1147:m 1144:ˈ 1141:ə 1138:t 1135:/ 1114:/ 1108:t 1102:m 1099:ˈ 1096:ə 1093:t 1090:/ 641:. 520:( 419:2 415:1 365:— 300:/ 294:t 288:m 285:ə 282:t 279:/ 271:/ 265:t 259:m 256:ə 253:t 250:/ 246:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.