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Transport Board (Royal Navy)

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quasi-professional specialization among commissioned officers. The transport agents were uniformed Navy officers under the employ of the Transport Board, but not being sea officers, were not subject to naval discipline. Their job was to control and organize merchant ships that the government had chartered. To assist them in their duties, agents had a staff consisting of a purser, boatswain, gunner, and carpenter, all appointed by warrant and on Navy pay.
53: 274:“the hiring and appropriating of Ships and Vessels for the conveyance of Troops and Baggage, Victualling, Ordnance, Barrack, Commissariat, Naval and Military Stores of all kinds, Convicts and Stores to New South Wales and a variety of miscellaneous services such as the provision of Stores and a great variety of Articles for the Military Department in Canada and many Articles of Stores for the Cape of Good Hope and other Stations”. 361:
embarkation and disembarkation of troops and horses, and for following the directions of the Board in any other regard. The Resident Agents were naval officers: Captains were posted at Deptford and Portsmouth; Lieutenants at most of the other stations (which in 1815 included Cork, Cowes, Deal, Dublin, Gravesend, Leith, Liverpool, Plymouth and Sheerness).
192:. They sought to devolve this responsibility; the Navy Board, however, was too busy with its statutory duties to take on additional work, so instead the Admiralty (by order of the King) designated three captains to serve as commissioners to make the necessary arrangements, supported by a small administrative team. They hired 267:) was established, to centralise and unify the functions of military transportation overseas; it was also given responsibility for the shipping of convicts to Australia. In spite of Middleton's lobbying, the reconstituted Board was not made answerable to the Navy Board, but was once again under the Treasury. 360:
The Board maintained Resident Agents at certain British ports and at those foreign ports that transports frequented. They were responsible for keeping track of the arrival and departure of transports at their station, for ensuring that the ships were duly prepared and provisioned, for supervising the
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that contained both Navy and Army officers, recommended unanimously the formation of a separate and distinct Transport Office under the sole control of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty "To carry out transport of every kind required by our government to any part of our coast and to all our
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Hired vessels with a transport agent (always a Royal Navy Lieutenant but termed a Commander) aboard flew a blue ensign and a "plain blue common pendant" and could exercise authority over smaller transports that carried no Agent. In the case of a large convoys, one vessel would carry a "Principal
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as required; while the conveyance of troops remained in the hands of the Treasury commissioners until 1779 (at which point they delegated this responsibility to the Navy Board). Having different boards competing with each other for available vessels led to increased costs and reduced efficiency:
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or convict-ship, a victualler, ordnance store-ship, naval store-ship or miscellaneous 'carrier'; for each category there were different requirements and stipulations. Transports were required to be armed with a dozen guns minimum (six carriage guns, 'not less than three-pounders', and six
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The board also employed 'Agents afloat' who travelled with the transports. For longer sea voyages there would often be one Agent for every ten transports; for shorter journeys (e.g. to the Mediterranean) the ratio might be one for every twenty. These transport agents represented the first
451:, and the Victualling Board, which took over the medical commissioner as well as setting up its own Transport Service. When the Navy and Victualling Boards were abolished in 1832 transport duties were assigned to the Victualling Department. Then in 1861 a select committee of the 439:, under the protection either of a naval escort or of one or more 'armed transports' (which were naval vessels that had been loaned to the Board for the purpose of convoy protection; they operated with a reduced naval crew under the command of an Agent of the Transport Board). 124:
was a British government organisation responsible periodically (between the late 17th and early 19th centuries) for the overseas transport of troops and horses, arms and ammunition, naval and military supplies, provisions and other items. It is also referred to as the
380:, there were stationed (in addition to the Resident Agent) an Inspecting Agent, a Shipwright Officer and a Storekeeper, who between them were responsible for assessing, converting and equipping each ship seconded for service. 1993: 987: 299:), where the Board met daily (except on Sundays) to receive reports and accounts, issue instructions and plan operations. The Commissioners were supported by a Secretary and a number of administrative 211:. Troops were conveyed from Portsmouth to Spain and the Mediterranean, and from Harwich to Flanders and Holland. A third Commissioner was engaged in 1705, before the board was fully reconstituted by 711:
Reports of the Commissioners Appointed by Parliament to Enquire into the Fees, Gratuities, and Emoluments, which are, or have been lately Received in the Several Public Offices therein Mentioned
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colonies and possessions, including India". In 1862 the responsibility for the provision of transportation was divided and a separate Director of Transports appointed who headed a new
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and fitted them up with cabins for the higher ranks and hammocks for the rest; the owners of the vessels provided the crew. The following year, the arrangement was formalised by an
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Agent" (Commander or Captain RN) with a "Blue Broad Pendant" at the main-top-mast head. In the absence of a naval escort, the Principal Agent was in charge of the convoy.
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In 1702 the board was formally dissolved; nevertheless, two of its commissioners were retained in order to address the needs for transportation during the ongoing
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The captains were both promoted to Rear Admiral the following year, and therefore left the Board. Christian was replaced as chairman, in August 1795, by Captain
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and continued to chair the Board until its dissolution). Two additional Commissioners were appointed towards the end of 1795, as the Board took on oversight of
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The Board existed between 1690 and 1724, and again between 1794 and 1817. In both these periods it was constituted and functioned as a subsidiary board of
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At Deptford the ships were inspected, valued and generally made ready for service. A vessel might be required to serve as a troop-ship, a horse-ship, a
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The Board, which directly co-ordinated the work of the Transport service, initially consisted of three Commissioners: two naval captains (
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In 1802, peace having been declared, the number of commissioners was again reduced to three; but one more was added (a
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In 1817, the Transport Board was abolished and its duties being divided between the Navy Board, which set up its own
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Bringing Forward Shipping for Government Service: The Indispensable Role of the Transport Service 1793-1815
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The Board was not again reconstituted until the mid-1790s. In the meantime, during periods of conflict the
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would thenceforward be answerable to the Board and its representatives for the duration of the contract.
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Thirteenth Report of the Commissioners for Revising and Digesting the Civil Affairs of His Majesty's Navy
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Prisoners of war in Britain, 1756 to 1815; a record of their lives, their romance and their sufferings
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in the first instance, on or by a specific date, in good repair, equipped for duty and with a set
2054: 1723: 1382: 284: 184:, who in 1689 were required promptly to ship over 23,000 men and 4,000 horses (to be mustered in 730: 247:. The pressures caused by this division of responsibilities, and abuses that followed, led the 2235: 1490: 1462: 1017: 939: 927: 885: 801: 661:
The Foundations of British Maritime Ascendancy: Resources, Logistics and the State, 1755-1815
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to fulfil its requirements (though smaller consignments of stores were sometimes sent as
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Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Aviation, Amphibious Capability & Carriers)
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Note: Below is a timeline of responsibility for transportation for the Royal Navy.
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Naval power and British culture, 1760-1850: public trust and government ideology
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Board of Admiralty, Comptroller of Victualling and Transport Services, 1832-1861
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Navy Board, Victualling Board (Board of Victualling Commissioners), 1683-1793
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of Ireland. Responsibility for the transportation of troops rested with the
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of the ship: usually five men and one boy for each 100 tons). The ship's
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In 1717 the board was reduced in size, before being abolished in 1724.
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via established shipping routes). Ships were usually sourced by a
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The Flag of the Transport Board and later Transport Branch in 1832
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Latterly the Board took on additional responsibilities: for the
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The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815
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and hospital ships, and the examination of naval surgeons).
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Commissioners for Conducting His Majesty's Transport Service
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Commodore RFA and Deputy Director Royal Navy Afloat Support
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Those who served as Commissioners included future admirals
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Transport Board, In-Letters And Orders... – ADM/MT&ET
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The board was given a broad range of duties, namely:
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problems which became particularly acute during the
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would all hire merchant ships to convey supplies to
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List of fleets and major commands of the Royal Navy
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History and Functions of The Sea Transport Services
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Board of Admiralty, Transport Department, 1862-1917
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London: House of Commons. 1809. pp. 3–29. 682: 667: 1999:Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Capability) 1373:Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff 988:Commissioners for Examining Accounts (Incurred) 777:The Ship-Master's Assistant, and Owner's Manual 344:(1803-1817), William Albany Otway (1795-1803), 722: 673: 163: 2050:Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group 1328: 1249:Resident Commissioner, Cape of Good Hope Yard 928:Treasurer of the Navy and Senior Commissioner 843: 654: 652: 650: 648: 530: 155:and for the care of sick and wounded seamen. 2323:1817 disestablishments in the United Kingdom 1261:Resident Commissioner, Trincomalee Dockyard 770: 768: 632: 630: 221: 2009:Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Policy) 1368:First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff 1393:Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces 1335: 1321: 1100:Resident Commissioner, Portsmouth Dockyard 850: 836: 822:ABUSES IN THE NAVY AND BARRACK DEPARTMENTS 737: 645: 1156:Resident Commissioner, Cadiz Yard, (1694) 1130:Resident Commissioner, Devonport Dockyard 1124:Resident Commissioner, Sheerness Dockyard 824:, HC Deb 15 February 1810 vol 15 cc426-34 765: 627: 605: 2017:Commander Fleet Operational Sea Training 1118:Resident Commissioner, Deptford Dockyard 1112:Resident Commissioner, Plymouth Dockyard 1106:Resident Commissioner, Woolwich Dockyard 1006:Civil Architect and Engineer of the Navy 443:Dissolution and aftermath (1817 to 1862) 435:The transports would normally travel in 355: 2313:1724 disestablishments in Great Britain 1699:History of the Royal Navy (before 1707) 1225:Resident Commissioner, Amherstburg Yard 1219:Resident Commissioner, Bermuda Dockyard 1094:Resident Commissioner, Chatham Dockyard 674:Vesey Hamilton, Admiral Sir R. (1896). 658: 480:Navy Board, Transport Branch, 1817-1832 2295: 2125:Commando Training Centre Royal Marines 1255:Resident Commissioner, Bombay Dockyard 1189:Resident Commissioner, Port Mahon Yard 818:, by Sir Vesey Hamilton, G.C.B. (1896) 746:The British Imperial Calendar for 1815 743: 636: 477:Navy Board, Transport Board, 1794-1816 2130:Defence Academy of the United Kingdom 2095:Serving senior Royal Marines officers 2040:Commander United Kingdom Strike Force 1747:Commander United Kingdom Strike Force 1316: 1237:Resident Commissioner, Malta Dockyard 1183:Resident Commissioner, Ascension Yard 1171:Resident Commissioner, Gibraltar Yard 831: 774: 2318:1794 establishments in Great Britain 1207:Resident Commissioner, Kingston Yard 1201:Resident Commissioner, Barbados Yard 716: 279:Commissioners of the Transport Board 1231:Resident Commissioner, Quebec Yard 1213:Resident Commissioner, Ajaccio Yard 1195:Resident Commissioner, Halifax Yard 1177:Resident Commissioner, Antigua Yard 1165:Resident Commissioner, Kinsale Yard 1151:Resident Commissioner, Jamaica Yard 964:Controller of Storekeepers Accounts 412:(the number being dependant on the 200:(dated 6 February) which created a 182:Lords Commissioners of the Treasury 13: 1383:Commander, Allied Maritime Command 1243:Resident Commissioner, Madras Yard 1160:Resident Commissioner, Bombay Yard 1045: 976:Commissioners for Current Business 958:Controller of Victualling Accounts 556:Philip J. Haythornthwaite (2001). 14: 2334: 2151:Royal Corps of Naval Constructors 1719:National Museum of the Royal Navy 1398:Warrant Officer to the Royal Navy 816:"Naval Administration" CHAPTER IX 787: 204:made up of eight commissioners. 99:Commissioners for Transportation 2277: 2276: 2215:Chief of the Admiralty War Staff 2030:Commandant General Royal Marines 1388:Commandant General Royal Marines 952:Controller of Treasurer Accounts 859: 606:Sutcliffe, Robert Keith (2013). 61: 51: 22: 2241:Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff 2045:Commander Littoral Strike Group 1789:Standing Royal Navy deployments 1779:List of active Royal Navy ships 1403:Corps Regimental Sergeant Major 1036:Storekeeper-General of the Navy 752: 376:, where the Board had its main 259:The second board (1794 to 1817) 2308:1690 establishments in England 2004:Director People & Training 1358:Secretary of State for Defence 1024:Accountant-General of the Navy 994:Deputy Comptroller of the Navy 982:Commissioners for Old Accounts 703: 549: 524: 151:, for the care and custody of 1: 2261:Vice Chief of the Naval Staff 2177:Uniforms of the Royal Marines 2120:Britannia Royal Naval College 1679:Admiralty in the 18th century 1674:Admiralty in the 17th century 1669:Admiralty in the 16th century 1363:Minister for the Armed Forces 748:. London: Winchester and Son. 709:Parliamentary Papers, 1806 - 639:Thomas Coram, Gent. 1668-1751 517: 209:War of the Spanish Succession 202:Commission for Transportation 2080:Commodore Submarine Flotilla 1709:History of the Royal Marines 1689:Historic forces and commands 245:War of American Independence 7: 2266:Judge Advocate of the Fleet 2210:First Lord of the Admiralty 2156:University Royal Naval Unit 2075:Rear-Admiral, Fleet Air Arm 2065:Commander Maritime Reserves 1895:Mine countermeasure vessels 1840:Pre-dreadnought battleships 1344:His Majesty's Naval Service 1030:Superintendent of Transport 922:Surveyor of Marine Victuals 880:Lieutenant of the Admiralty 490: 463: 320:Sick and Hurt Commissioners 164:The first Board (1689-1724) 10: 2339: 2172:Uniforms of the Royal Navy 2085:Commodore Surface Flotilla 1486:Royal Marines Band Service 1443:Royal Navy Medical Service 996:, (1793-1813), (1829-1832) 886:Treasurer of Marine Causes 388:The Board generally hired 383: 158: 149:transportation of convicts 2274: 2200: 2164: 2115:Admiralty Interview Board 2103: 1984: 1953: 1802: 1771: 1732: 1657: 1637: 1504: 1471: 1418: 1411: 1350: 1270: 1139: 1082: 1056: 1043: 916:Keeper of the Storehouses 872: 762:. (W. W. Norton), p. 384. 535:. pp. 60, 195, 222. 232:Victualling Commissioners 222:Interim years (1724-1794) 108: 92: 73: 46: 38: 33: 21: 2225:Commander-in-Chief Fleet 1825:Amphibious warfare ships 1714:National Maritime Museum 1694:Future of the Royal Navy 1448:Nursing Service (QARNNS) 910:Master of Naval Ordnance 811:National Maritime Museum 758:N. A. M. Rodger. (2005) 637:Wagner, Gillian (2004). 68:Kingdom of Great Britain 2090:Serving senior officers 1724:Naval Historical Branch 892:Comptroller of the Navy 723:Abell, Francis (1914). 659:Morriss, Roger (2011). 285:Hugh Cloberry Christian 249:Comptroller of the Navy 2055:Commodore, Naval Staff 2026:Director General Ships 2013:Director Naval Support 1880:Gunboat and gunvessels 1684:Customs and traditions 1140:Resident Commissioners 1083:Resident Commissioners 1050: 744:Capper, B. P. (1814). 531:Roger Morriss (2004). 276: 2236:Deputy First Sea Lord 2220:Admirals of the Fleet 2187:Ratings rank insignia 2182:Officer rank insignia 2022:Chaplain of the Fleet 1784:Royal Fleet Auxiliary 1491:Royal Marines Reserve 1463:Naval Careers Service 1049: 1018:Surveyor of Dockyards 1012:Surveyor of Buildings 940:Treasurer of the Navy 802:The National Archives 775:Steel, David (1826). 356:Agents for Transports 331:Royal Naval Hospitals 272: 2229:Commander-in-Chief, 2035:Commander Operations 1945:Historic ships names 1752:Commander Operations 1645:Special Boat Service 1496:Royal Marines Police 1292:Sick and Hurt Office 898:Surveyor of the Navy 676:Naval Administration 497:Penal transportation 458:Transport Department 291:) and one civilian ( 42:1690-1724, 1794-1817 1940:Royal Marines Boats 1506:Royal Naval Reserve 1203:, (1779-1783, 1810) 1064:Sick and Hurt Board 18: 2231:Naval Home Command 1850:Corvette and sloop 1763:3 Commando Brigade 1759:Submarine Flotilla 1481:3 Commando Brigade 1453:Chaplaincy Service 1302:Victualling Office 1275:principal officers 1051: 873:Principal officers 507:Board of Admiralty 346:George Henry Towry 127:Board of Transport 58:Kingdom of England 16: 2290: 2289: 1920:Ships of the line 1820:Seaplane carriers 1810:Aircraft carriers 1653: 1652: 1438:Submarine Service 1310: 1309: 1074:Victualling Board 1057:Subsidiary boards 946:Clerk of the Acts 904:Clerk of the Navy 253:Charles Middleton 236:Board of Ordnance 178:Jacobite invasion 118: 117: 101: 2330: 2280: 2279: 1756:Surface Flotilla 1416: 1415: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1314: 1313: 1297:Transport Office 1000:Pay Commissioner 864: 863: 852: 845: 838: 829: 828: 781: 780: 772: 763: 756: 750: 749: 741: 735: 734: 720: 714: 707: 701: 700: 693: 680: 679: 671: 665: 664: 656: 643: 642: 634: 625: 624: 622: 620: 614: 603: 580: 579: 563: 553: 547: 546: 528: 453:House of Commons 449:Transport Branch 390:merchant vessels 348:(1806-1808) and 316:prisoners of war 198:Order in Council 153:prisoners of war 131:Transport Office 100: 93:Agency executive 66: 65: 56: 55: 26: 19: 15: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2270: 2251:Fourth Sea Lord 2202: 2196: 2160: 2107: 2105: 2099: 2070:Naval Secretary 1986: 1980: 1966:Admiralty Board 1961:Defence Council 1949: 1815:Escort carriers 1798: 1767: 1742:Fleet Commander 1734: 1728: 1661: 1659: 1649: 1633: 1500: 1467: 1407: 1378:Fleet Commander 1346: 1341: 1311: 1306: 1287:Navy Pay Office 1274: 1272: 1266: 1143: 1141: 1135: 1086: 1084: 1078: 1069:Transport Board 1052: 1041: 868: 858: 856: 790: 785: 784: 773: 766: 757: 753: 742: 738: 721: 717: 713:– Ninth Report. 708: 704: 695: 694: 683: 672: 668: 657: 646: 635: 628: 618: 616: 615:. pp. 1–18 612: 604: 583: 576: 554: 550: 543: 529: 525: 520: 493: 466: 445: 386: 358: 350:Courtenay Boyle 281: 261: 240:theatres of war 224: 166: 161: 122:Transport Board 104: 77:Dorset Square, 60: 50: 34:Agency overview 29: 17:Transport Board 12: 11: 5: 2336: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 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Retrieved 608: 559: 551: 532: 526: 468: 467: 446: 434: 422: 387: 371: 367: 363: 359: 335: 324: 305: 282: 273: 269: 264: 262: 225: 217: 206: 201: 176:to meet the 170:British Army 167: 146: 135: 130: 126: 121: 119: 74:Headquarters 47:Jurisdiction 1835:Battleships 1588:King Alfred 1458:Navy Police 1282:Navy Office 1142:of the navy 1085:of the navy 1038:, (1829-32) 1026:, (1829-32) 619:3 September 408:of men and 342:James Bowen 338:John Schank 138:HM Treasury 113:HM Treasury 83:Westminster 2303:Royal Navy 2297:Categories 2203:leadership 1971:Navy Board 1925:Submarines 1860:Destroyers 1703:after 1707 1564:Flying Fox 1420:Royal Navy 1412:Components 1351:Leadership 1087:home yards 866:Navy Board 729:. p.  564:. p.  518:References 502:Navy Board 406:complement 228:Navy Board 215:in 1710. 2192:Cutlasses 2165:Equipment 2104:Personnel 1905:Ironclads 1890:Ironclads 1875:Gun-brigs 1865:Fireships 1733:Operating 1596:President 1273:under the 512:Admiralty 327:physician 318:from the 312:flag rank 297:Canon Row 190:Irish Sea 186:Liverpool 79:Canon Row 2283:category 2108:training 1987:officers 1900:Monitors 1870:Frigates 1855:Cruisers 1628:Wildfire 1612:Sherwood 1580:Hibernia 1540:Dalriada 1516:Calliope 491:See also 464:Timeline 402:Deptford 374:Deptford 234:and the 194:flyboats 129:and the 2137:Raleigh 1658:History 1572:Forward 1524:Cambria 1271:Offices 430:swivels 414:tonnage 394:freight 384:Vessels 174:Ireland 159:History 2201:Former 2145:Sultan 1985:Senior 1735:forces 1662:future 1604:Scotia 1556:Ferret 1548:Eaglet 572:  539:  437:convoy 425:cartel 418:Master 398:broker 301:clerks 251:, Sir 230:, the 87:London 39:Formed 1803:Ships 1772:Fleet 1620:Vivid 1532:Ceres 613:(PDF) 2143:HMS 2135:HMS 1626:HMS 1618:HMS 1610:HMS 1602:HMS 1594:HMS 1586:HMS 1578:HMS 1570:HMS 1562:HMS 1554:HMS 1546:HMS 1538:HMS 1530:HMS 1522:HMS 1514:HMS 621:2023 570:ISBN 537:ISBN 410:boys 287:and 120:The 2106:and 1660:and 432:). 372:At 322:. 172:to 2299:: 809:, 800:, 796:, 767:^ 684:^ 647:^ 629:^ 584:^ 568:. 566:14 460:. 303:. 133:. 85:, 81:, 1705:) 1701:( 1336:e 1329:t 1322:v 851:e 844:t 837:v 733:. 731:4 623:. 578:. 545:.

Index


Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain
Canon Row
Westminster
London
HM Treasury
HM Treasury
the Admiralty
transportation of convicts
prisoners of war
British Army
Ireland
Jacobite invasion
Lords Commissioners of the Treasury
Liverpool
Irish Sea
flyboats
Order in Council
War of the Spanish Succession
letters patent
Navy Board
Victualling Commissioners
Board of Ordnance
theatres of war
War of American Independence
Comptroller of the Navy
Charles Middleton

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