259:
278:
and its smaller competitors promoted the party line. This newspaper had a significant role in spreading communist propaganda during the communist domination in the Polish People's
Republic. It was also responsible for "rewriting history".
809:
247:
29:
703:
452:
304:
899:
1477:
1902:
589:
1917:
767:
1706:
1652:
1912:
1869:
853:
834:
696:
286:
dominated the market. By the end of 1981, circulation topped 1 million. Despite growing opposition to the party, the number of
462:
1622:
1822:
1642:
623:
827:
785:
776:
633:
274:
Through the 20th century, the media in Poland were entirely controlled by the PZPR and newspapers were no exception.
1907:
804:
760:
927:
205:
60:
820:
201:
1897:
1557:
290:
subscribers continued to grow and reached nearly 1.9 million by the time the communist state was dissolved.
649:
171:
1844:
753:
309:
1775:
1397:
1864:
1688:
1593:
1493:
1050:
815:
799:
1793:
1718:
1614:
1517:
885:
241:
236:
601:
1816:
1770:
1725:
1563:
1277:
731:"LC Catalog: Trybuna ludu – organ Komitetu Centralnego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej"
1357:
232:
1317:
239:, were combined to form the Polish United Workers' Party. The parties' respective newspapers,
1575:
1569:
360:
263:
140:
745:
1413:
1325:
872:
214:
1066:
8:
478:
1202:
992:
504:
1805:
1647:
1485:
1469:
1461:
1445:
1365:
1349:
1170:
1146:
1018:
920:
904:
879:
564:
298:
The break-up of the PZPR began on 28 January 1990, just hours after the final issue of
1226:
944:
1875:
1799:
1755:
1750:
1637:
1533:
1381:
1138:
1082:
1074:
1002:
976:
629:
526:
458:
325:
had just 50,000 readers, and could not make money. Printing was halted in late 2009.
150:
1744:
1609:
1587:
1581:
1186:
1130:
1010:
960:
516:
448:
1210:
204:, which circulated between 1948 and 1990. It was the official media outlet of the
1682:
1525:
1501:
1261:
1253:
1154:
1090:
952:
192:
166:
101:
1788:
1700:
1429:
1389:
1373:
1301:
893:
1106:
1034:
1891:
1736:
1730:
1604:
1599:
1026:
530:
505:"The Catholic Church in Poland in the Publications of Trybuna Ludu from 1949"
521:
1811:
1712:
1694:
1405:
984:
681:
447:
1858:
1765:
1760:
1437:
1421:
1293:
347:
1162:
568:
552:
156:
1058:
1042:
730:
209:
50:
1269:
1657:
1632:
1333:
1178:
1098:
968:
454:
Media, Markets & Public
Spheres: European Media at the Crossroads
91:
87:
40:
684:, Jerzy Morawski, and Walenty Titkow served as acting chief editors.
1663:
Ukrainian
Television Ch.1/Ukrainian Television Ch.2 (Ukrainian SSR)
1122:
865:
28:
1309:
1662:
1453:
1218:
1114:
912:
317:
315:
After 1990, much of its editorial was taken over unofficially by
231:
On 16 December 1948, Poland's two largest communist parties, the
1509:
1341:
1285:
858:
680:
Matwin was absent for a short while in 1956. During that time,
258:
125:
121:
451:; Weibull, Lennart; European Science Foundation (March 2011).
936:
775:
1850:
1838:
1782:
1627:
1551:
1245:
321:, a newly-created left-wing newspaper. Even at its peak,
650:"Mouthpiece of communist Poland falls prey to market"
293:
625:Democratization in Poland, 1988–90: Polish Voices
1889:
302:was printed. Despite an attempted relaunch as
212:outlets along with the televised news program
761:
768:
754:
777:National media in the former Eastern Bloc
520:
262:Headline from 14 December 1981 reporting
71:Warszawa : Central Committee of PZPR
502:
257:
704:"Lysenkoist Propaganda in Trybuna Ludu"
443:
441:
439:
200:) was one of the largest newspapers in
1903:Defunct newspapers published in Poland
1890:
835:Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia
786:Eastern Bloc information dissemination
701:
697:Eastern Bloc information dissemination
550:
308:, the paper was unable to survive the
1633:Belarus Television (Byelorussian SSR)
749:
733:. Washington, DC: Library of Congress
191:
1653:Lietuvos Televizija (Lithuanian SSR)
436:
1918:Publications disestablished in 1990
1615:Leningrad Television (Russian SFSR)
600:(9). 31 August 1981. Archived from
328:
251:, were merged as well, forming the
13:
14:
1929:
711:Studies in the History of Biology
282:As the official party newspaper,
1726:Public Radio of the Armenian SSR
27:
294:Party dissolution and aftermath
269:
1913:Newspapers established in 1948
1648:Rigas Televīzija (Latvian SSR)
674:
642:
616:
582:
544:
496:
471:
1:
1558:Bulgarian National Television
429:
1643:First Channel (Georgian SSR)
509:Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
206:Polish United Workers' Party
61:Polish United Workers' Party
16:Polish newspaper (1948–1990)
7:
690:
310:fall of communism in Poland
226:
208:(PZPR) and one of its main
10:
1934:
1776:Radio Berlin International
1398:Neue Berliner Illustrierte
652:. Reuters. 7 December 2009
628:. Springer. 18 June 1992.
221:
1865:Soviet Information Bureau
1831:
1817:Program 1 Polskiego Radia
1675:
1658:Canalul 1 (Moldavian SSR)
1544:
1237:
1051:Haqiqat-e Inquilab-e Saur
843:
800:Media of the Soviet Union
792:
783:
638:– via Google Books.
162:
149:
139:
131:
117:
107:
97:
83:
75:
67:
56:
46:
35:
26:
1719:Radio Peace and Progress
1623:Armenia 1 (Armenian SSR)
668:
551:Ziffer, Bernard (1956).
503:Łupiński, Józef (2019).
1908:Eastern Bloc mass media
522:10.15290/rtk.2019.18.14
193:[trɨˈbunaˈludu]
977:Sotsialistik Qazaqstan
702:Köhler, Piotr (2016).
266:
233:Polish Socialist Party
1628:AzTV (Azerbaijan SSR)
1619:Republican stations:
900:Republican newspapers
590:"Poland: Pressing On"
264:Martial law in Poland
261:
237:Polish Workers' Party
189:Polish pronunciation:
1898:Communist newspapers
1552:Televizioni Shqiptar
964:(Karelo-Finnish SSR)
873:Komsomolskaya Pravda
985:Sovettik Kyrgyzstan
553:"Rewriting History"
384:Stanisław Mojkowski
84:Political alignment
23:
1847:(Byelorussian SSR)
1733:(Byelorussian SSR)
1638:ETV (Estonian SSR)
1594:Central Television
1462:Politikin Zabavnik
1350:Jugend und Technik
1171:Slobodna Dalmacija
1147:Rabotnichesko Delo
993:Moldova Socialistă
921:Sovetskaya Latviya
916:(Byelorussian SSR)
905:Sovetskaya Rossiya
880:Pionerskaya Pravda
854:Central newspapers
604:on 15 October 2010
305:Trybuna Kongresowa
267:
172:List of newspapers
109:Ceased publication
21:
1885:
1884:
1876:Czech News Agency
1756:Deutschlandsender
1751:Berliner Rundfunk
1083:Neues Deutschland
1067:Mladá fronta DNES
945:Czerwony Sztandar
557:The Polish Review
464:978-1-84150-305-9
449:Gripsrud, Jostein
427:
426:
180:
179:
1925:
1878:(Czechoslovakia)
1853:(Lithuanian SSR)
1745:Rundfunk der DDR
1709:(Lithuanian SSR)
1707:Lietuvos radijas
1701:Latvijas Radio 1
1610:Moscow Programme
1566:(Czechoslovakia)
1537:(Czechoslovakia)
1203:Večernje novosti
1187:Sportske novosti
1158:(Czechoslovakia)
1142:(Czechoslovakia)
1131:Politika Ekspres
1070:(Czechoslovakia)
961:Neuvosto-Karjala
948:(Lithuanian SSR)
940:(Lithuanian SSR)
770:
763:
756:
747:
746:
742:
740:
738:
726:
724:
722:
708:
685:
678:
662:
661:
659:
657:
646:
640:
639:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
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579:
577:
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563:(2/3): 127–130.
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
524:
500:
494:
493:
491:
489:
475:
469:
468:
445:
361:Władysław Matwin
333:
332:
329:Editors-in-chief
202:communist Poland
198:People's Tribune
195:
190:
145:1,900,000 (1989)
110:
79:16 December 1948
31:
24:
20:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1827:
1747:(East Germany)
1715:(Russian SFSR)
1689:First Programme
1683:All-Union Radio
1671:
1540:
1502:Svet kompjutera
1233:
1227:Zëri i Popullit
1091:Nova Makedonija
996:(Moldavian SSR)
839:
810:State Committee
788:
779:
774:
736:
734:
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457:. p. 222.
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176:
167:Media of Poland
113:28 January 1990
108:
90:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1803:
1797:
1791:
1789:Radio Bulgaria
1786:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:(Georgian SSR)
1734:
1728:
1723:
1722:
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1710:
1704:
1698:
1697:(Estonian SSR)
1692:
1679:
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1572:(East Germany)
1567:
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1548:
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1542:
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1539:
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1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
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1489:(Soviet Union)
1482:
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1473:(East Germany)
1466:
1458:
1450:
1449:(Soviet Union)
1442:
1441:(Soviet Union)
1434:
1426:
1425:(East Germany)
1418:
1417:(East Germany)
1410:
1409:(East Germany)
1402:
1401:(East Germany)
1394:
1386:
1378:
1377:(East Germany)
1374:Kultur im Heim
1370:
1362:
1354:
1353:(East Germany)
1346:
1338:
1337:(East Germany)
1330:
1322:
1321:(East Germany)
1314:
1313:(East Germany)
1306:
1305:(East Germany)
1302:Form und Zweck
1298:
1297:(East Germany)
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1249:(East Germany)
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1086:(East Germany)
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1047:
1046:(East Germany)
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1023:
1015:
1007:
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981:
973:
972:(Georgian SSR)
965:
957:
956:(Estonian SSR)
949:
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925:
917:
909:
908:(Russian SFSR)
897:
894:Sovetsky Sport
890:
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847:
845:
841:
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812:(Gosteleradio)
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515:(1): 201–215.
495:
479:"Trybuna Ludu"
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1930:
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1857:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1823:Radio Romania
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Radio Polonia
1810:
1807:
1806:Kossuth Rádió
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1784:
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1777:
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1764:
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1759:
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1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1737:Radio Georgia
1735:
1732:
1731:Radio Belarus
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:(Latvian SSR)
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
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1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Programme Two
1603:
1601:
1600:Programme One
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1415:
1411:
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1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:Književna reč
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
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1224:
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1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:Večernji list
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
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1180:
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1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
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1056:
1054:(Afghanistan)
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:Esti Budapest
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
995:
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990:
988:(Kirghiz SSR)
987:
986:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
946:
942:
939:
938:
934:
932:(Latvian SSR)
931:
930:
926:
924:(Latvian SSR)
923:
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861:
860:
855:
852:
851:
850:Soviet Union
849:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
828:Printed media
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
806:
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802:
801:
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797:
795:
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782:
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748:
732:
728:
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683:
677:
673:
651:
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637:
635:9781349120574
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405:
404:
400:
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395:Józef Barecki
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1783:Radio Tirana
1713:Radio Moscow
1695:Eesti Raadio
1532:
1529:(Yugoslavia)
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1406:Neue Werbung
1404:
1396:
1393:(Yugoslavia)
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1382:Lakáskultúra
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1369:(Yugoslavia)
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1195:Trybuna Ludu
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1075:Népszabadság
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1022:(Yugoslavia)
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805:Broadcasting
735:. Retrieved
719:. Retrieved
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682:Roman Werfel
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606:. Retrieved
602:the original
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288:Trybuna Ludu
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283:
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275:
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270:Significance
253:Trybuna Ludu
252:
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184:Trybuna Ludu
183:
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118:Headquarters
22:Trybuna Ludu
18:
1766:Radio DDR 2
1761:Radio DDR 1
1438:Novy Vostok
1422:Neues Leben
1358:Jugoslavija
1294:Filmspiegel
1107:Oslobođenje
1035:Esti Hírlap
417:Jerzy Majka
406:Wiesław Bek
373:Leon Kasman
348:Leon Kasman
342:Term ended
141:Circulation
1892:Categories
1796:(Bulgaria)
1560:(Bulgaria)
1545:Television
1254:Dolgozó nő
1155:Rudé právo
1150:(Bulgaria)
1059:Laiko Vima
1043:Freie Erde
953:Rahva Hääl
844:Newspapers
821:Television
717:(3): 25–42
483:c-span.org
430:References
339:Term began
210:propaganda
51:Broadsheet
1808:(Hungary)
1802:(Hungary)
1785:(Albania)
1590:(Romania)
1578:(Hungary)
1554:(Albania)
1414:Neuer Weg
1390:Naša žena
1385:(Hungary)
1334:Guter Rat
1326:Galaksija
1289:(Romania)
1257:(Romania)
1238:Magazines
1230:(Albania)
1166:(Romania)
1099:Novi list
1078:(Hungary)
1062:(Albania)
1038:(Hungary)
1030:(Hungary)
969:Komunisti
656:27 August
608:27 August
531:1644-8855
248:Głos Ludu
92:Socialist
88:Communist
68:Publisher
41:newspaper
1832:Agencies
1819:(Poland)
1794:Horizont
1584:(Poland)
1318:Für Dich
1198:(Poland)
1163:Scînteia
1123:Politika
866:Izvestia
793:Overview
737:22 April
721:22 April
691:See also
574:22 April
569:25776057
536:22 April
488:22 April
242:Robotnik
235:and the
227:Creation
215:Dziennik
157:2268743
98:Language
57:Owner(s)
1841:(USSR)
1685:(USSR)
1596:(USSR)
1486:Sputnik
1470:Sibylle
1454:Pogledi
1446:Oktyabr
1270:Džuboks
1219:Vjesnik
1115:Pobjeda
1019:Dnevnik
913:Zvyazda
323:Trybuna
318:Trybuna
222:History
132:Country
76:Founded
1861:(USSR)
1691:(USSR)
1534:Vlasta
1510:Svijet
1478:Signal
1342:Izgled
1286:Femeia
1139:Pravda
859:Pravda
632:
567:
529:
461:
245:, and
153:number
135:Poland
126:Poland
122:Warsaw
102:Polish
63:(PZPR)
47:Format
39:Daily
1872:(GDR)
1845:BelTA
1676:Radio
1518:Tempo
1494:Start
1310:FRÖSI
1179:Sport
1003:Borba
937:Tiesa
816:Radio
707:(PDF)
669:Notes
565:JSTOR
423:1990
412:1985
401:1980
390:1972
379:1967
368:1957
355:1953
1851:ELTA
1839:TASS
1771:DT64
1526:Tina
1262:Duga
1246:Atze
1011:Delo
929:Cīņa
887:Trud
739:2021
723:2021
658:2011
630:ISBN
610:2011
594:Time
576:2021
538:2021
527:ISSN
490:2021
459:ISBN
420:1985
409:1980
398:1972
387:1967
376:1957
365:1953
352:1948
336:Name
151:OCLC
36:Type
1870:ADN
1859:APN
1588:TVR
1582:TVP
1576:MTV
1570:DFF
1564:ČST
1430:NIN
598:118
517:doi
1894::
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