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2850:). Iran agreed to the "Tehran Declaration" after China and Russia were in accord with the prepared UN sanctions on Iran (declared as a ‘‘tactical move’’). In May 2010, non-permanent members of the Security Council Turkey and Brazil announced the "Tehran Declaration." The Tehran Declaration is a fuel-swap deal. "Tehran Declaration" stipulated that medical isotopes (a humanitarian need of Iran) could be produced by 20-percent-enriched nuclear fuel which was to be provided to only one research reactor. The research reactor in question was the Tehran Research Reactor, which was supplied by the US under the Atoms for Peace program. In exchange, Tehran will transfer 1,200 kilograms of low-enriched uranium to Turkey. On 17 May 2010, Brazil, Iran and Turkey signed a tri-partite Joint Declaration asserting that a nuclear fuel exchange could lead to peace. The US discarded the agreement because “it did not address the continued production of uranium enriched to 20 percent inside Iranian territory.”
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5159:. The use of the base to advance U.S. interests is no longer assured.” US and Greece signed "Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement". The agreement was described as critical to responding to new security challenges in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Pompeo said "We have told the Turks that illegal drilling is unacceptable, and we'll continue to take diplomatic action to make sure that we do as we do always: ensure that the lawful activity takes place in every space where international law governs. ... We're working to get ... everyone to de-escalate and find a set of outcomes that are mutually agreeable," In 2021, a new agreement the "Greek-American Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement" permitted the US military to use Georgula Barracks in Greece's central province of Volos, Litochoro Training Ground, and army barracks in the northeastern port city of Alexandroupoli apart from the naval base in
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7401:-opposition while applying "steady international pressure". When they were not discussing national security threats, Obama and Erdoğan discussed expanding economic relations between the two countries; Turkey had received over $ 50 billion in foreign investments, $ 20 billion of which came from the United States. In 2003, there was only $ 8 billion in U.S. investment in Turkey; both Erdoğan and Obama praised this recent increase and agreed to continue expanding the trade and investment agreements between the two countries. Erdoğan's visit culminated with talks of stability in the region. Obama stressed the importance of normalizing relations between Turkey and
2907:
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117:
1509:, Turkey wanted to be part of the Western alliance. Turkey also intended to enter into the Western economic structure. Truman Doctrine aimed to prevent the spread of communism in Turkey. It aimed to change Turkey's isolated economy (statist structure) to move into a liberal system. Marshall subsidies created economic added value in Turkey. The Marshal Plan also directed Turkey toward higher military spending (the second largest military in NATO) due to being seen mainly as a buffer state against the Soviet Union and the Middle East.
4749:
4681:
3456:. In response, Erdoğan said: “How can we trust you? Is it me that is your partner or is it the terrorists in Kobani?” After Kobani, General Allen and Brett McGurk worked on Tal Abyad. Turkey did not permit flying off of a Turkish airbase. McGurk said: "So the picture that developed while General Allen and I were spending most of these months in Ankara is that something was not on the level ." Turkey overtly defied American orders of ceasing Turkey's military bombardment of the YPG fighters in their bid to take the town of
3864:
1638:, and backup pilot Bob Ericson. On the morning of April 29, the crew in Badaber was informed that the mission had been delayed by one day. As a result, Bob Ericson flew Article 358 back to Incirlik, and John Shinn ferried another U-2C, Article 360, from Incirlik to Peshawar. On 30 April, the mission was delayed one more day because of bad weather over the Soviet Union. On 1 May, Captain Powers left the base in Peshawar on a mission with the operations code word GRAND SLAM. Four days after Powers' disappearance,
4505:
2992:
5003:, canceling all of their ads as a response to US sanctions on Turkey. Turkey went on to say that it would retaliate against the raising of steel and aluminium tariffs by the U.S. administration (The US had already imposed 10 percent and 25 percent additional tariffs on aluminum and steel imports respectively from all countries on March 23, 2018, but on August 13, 2018, it added additional tariffs on steel imports from Turkey). Erdoğan said that Turkey will boycott electronic products from the US, using
29:
1448:
1841:... (2) your Government is required to obtain United States consent for the use of military assistance for purposes other than those for which such assistance was furnished. ... I do feel that you and I carry a very heavy responsibility for the general peace and for the possibilities of a sane and peaceful resolution of the Cyprus problem. I ask you, therefore, to delay any decisions which you and your colleagues might have in mind until you and I have had the fullest and frankest consultation.
16254:
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5852:
59:
1675:
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4358:
3420:, Obama was reported to have authorized the resupply of 25,000 YPG militia. Erdoğan stated that he had asked Obama not to intervene on the side of the YPG: "I told Mr. Obama, 'Don't drop those bombs . You will be making a mistake.' Unfortunately, despite our conversation, they dropped whatever was needed with three C-130's and half of it landed in hands. So who is supplying , then?" Erdogan also opposed any arrangements in Syria that would mirror the Iraqi Kurds'
18158:
1039:
eastern
Mediterranean Sea. In 2021, a new agreement the "Greek-American Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement" permitted the US military to use Georgula Barracks in Greece's central province of Volos, Litochoro Training Ground, and army barracks in the northeastern port city of Alexandroupoli apart from the naval base in Souda Bay in Crete which the US has been operating since 1969. In short couple years, Turkey saw shifting NATO powers to its western neighbor.
5587:
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4202:. The Chinese reportedly refused Ankara’s technology transfer demands. In 2013, US did not part with valuable MIM-104 Patriot intellectual property. When Erdogan confronted (2017) “They give tanks, cannons and armored vehicles to the terror organization but we can’t procure some of our needs, although we want to pay the price.” Turkey, a NATO member since 1952, reportedly saw that Russian technology transfer available. Turkey transferred the money for
660:. When asked Kerry defined the strategic goal “It’s a different kind of challenge and we believe we need to intensify our efforts to address the underlying factors that lead down the path of violence, It’s about building foundational security, challenging the narrative of violence to refuse to justify the slaughtering of people.” In short, the program was based on the role of education in preventing violent extremism and deradicalizing young people.
767:" in the north of Iraq, and later withheld military loans to Turkey on alleged human rights violations in relation to PKK in 1994. In 1997, the US designated the PKK as a foreign terrorist organization and PKK's activities stopped following its leader was captured with US assistance in 1999. In 2003, the Turkish parliament didn't allow the US invasion of Iraq from Turkey, and the following year PKK resumed insurgency and attacks from northern Iraq.
5888:
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48:
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4651:". Flynn, who was specialized in US counterterrorism strategy and dismantling insurgent networks, argued Gulen falls into radical Islamist groups aligned with Seyed Qutb and Hasan al Bana and he finished his article stating "running a scam". On March 8, 2017, four months after the publication, General Flynn filed documents with the Federal government indicating consulting work that might have aided the government of Turkey. The
1417:
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2858:, which had previously urged him to raise the subject of religious freedom during his 2009 presidential visit to Turkey, concluded that Turkey's interpretation of secularism “resulted in violations of religious freedoms for many of the country's citizens, including members of the majority and, especially, minority religious communities”. Obama said that future arms sales would depend on Turkish policies.
980:(more than half of them children). On February 27, 2020, Syrian forces attacked Turkish forces at the Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019) zone, and military separation between the forces became public after a senior US State Department official argued with the Pentagon over Turkey's request for two Patriot batteries on its southern border. The request was confirmed by Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar.
14200:
4903:, a naturalized US citizen, was jailed in Turkey for three years on charges of participating in terrorism and conspiring against the government as a member of the Gülen movement. Metin Topuz, a US consulate employee, was charged with having links to Gülen and was arrested under "terror charges" by an Istanbul court. Topuz was the second US government employee in Turkey to be arrested in 2017. Pastor
5193:, which was the first time the United States has officially acknowledged the genocide, having previously only unofficially or partially recognized the genocide. Turkey, which has traditionally denied that such genocide existed, blasted the United States for inflaming tensions. Donald Trump has rejected the resolution by Congress, citing that his administration's stance on the issue had not changed.
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4441:, restricts entry to the U.S. by citizens from eight countries, six of which are predominantly Muslim. During and after his election campaign Trump proposed establishing safe zones in Syria as an alternative to Syrian refugees' immigration to the US. In the past, "safe zones" have been interpreted as establishing, among other things, no-fly zones over Syria. During the Obama administration
12928:
8497:
4540:, the fate of al-Baghdadi "was sealed by the capture of his aide". Turkish and US military authorities exchanged and coordinated information ahead of the attack in Barisha, Harem District, Idlib Governorate, Syria. President Trump thanked Russia, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq for aiding US operation, and praised Erdoğan, claiming that he is "a big fan", a "friend of " and "a hell of a leader."
3871:
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4362:
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2102:
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created a reference point for the nature and intention of
American policy on Turkey. In the following decades, Johnson's Letter became the first level reference when an American policy regarding Turkey was analyzed. The unintended consequence of the Johnson letter showed in the public debates. What would the American assistance look like, assuming the US wanted to defend Turkey?
4363:
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1472:
frontier with the Warsaw Pact. As well as a treaty interest in Turkey's Black Sea coast and the straits through which the Soviet Union had access to the
Mediterranean. At the same time, Turkey brought to the alliance its second-largest body of military manpower after that of the United States, in addition to access to sites for forward deployment and intelligence gathering.
497:
4556:
4562:
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2578:
renewals in five-year increments that provides a comprehensive framework for peaceful nuclear cooperation between the two nations under the agreed non-proliferation conditions and controls. A parallel US bipartisan resolution highlighted the importance of the
Turkish Republic's key role in providing its Western (EU and US) and regional allies Eurasian energy security.
1374:. The Turkish Brigade was the only foreign unit of its size permanently attached to a U.S. division (Brothers in Arms). Turkey replaced/replenished this Brigade each year (15,000 combat soldiers and a total of 21,212) until mid-summer of 1954. A mutual interest in containing Soviet expansion provided the foundation of US–Turkish relations for the next four decades.
4561:
2925:. In putting together the fuel-swap deal, Turkey was trying to defend the autonomy of non-nuclear weapons states (NNWS) to enrich uranium for producing electricity and strengthen the right of NNWS to develop peaceful nuclear activities. The Obama administration sanctioned Turkey albeit for different reasons than Iran. In 2013, Russian nuclear construction company
7236:
3707:, which stated that “the Vice President applauded President Sargsyan's leadership, and underscored the administration's support for both Armenia and Turkey in this process”. Turkish columnists, however, criticized the timing of the announcement, and believed it to have been made to placate Obama in advance of his April 24 speech, with Fikret Bila writing in the
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3280:(reference to President Obama's statement) was the source of these challenges and threats for Turkey, yet the Obama administration was unwilling to recognize it as such and act upon it accordingly. On the contrary, at the end of the day, the Obama administration allowed Assad’s brutality to continue while supporting "his ally" Turkey’s foes, on the ground.
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discussions on nuclear weapons in Turkey, however before the framework
Turkish and Iranian diplomats were discussing a preliminary nuclear deal (will be named Tehran Declaration). In April 2010, while Turkish and Iranian diplomats were working on a deal, Washington stepped up its efforts to impose a new round of sanctions on Iran over its nuclear program (
4972:. Later in December 2022, the WTO ruled against the United States saying that there was no national security emergency that justified US invocation of the exception The move prompted Erdoğan to say that the United States was "changing a strategic NATO partner for a pastor" and that the US' behavior would force Turkey to look for new friends and allies.
7383:
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3681:, he had criticized former US President George W. Bush for his failure to take a stance and stated that the "Armenian genocide is not an allegation, a personal opinion, or a point of view, but rather a widely documented fact supported by an overwhelming body of historical evidence". He responded positively to an announcement from sources in Ankara and
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5211:, and several other lawmakers called for the Trump administration to "immediately suspend all sales and transfers of military equipment to Ankara." As for the result, relations between the United States to Turkey and Azerbaijan further worsened, with Turkey accused the United States of sending weapons and supplies to Armenia, which Washington denied.
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Syria, apprehended by
Turkish authorities, and handed over to the Iraqi intelligence to whom he provided information in February 2018. In 2019, US, Turkish, and Iraqi intelligence conducted a joint operation in which they captured several senior ISIL leaders who provided the locations where they met with Baghdadi inside Syria. According to
2973:, in March 2016. Atilla's trial commenced in New York City federal court in November 2017, with Zarrab agreeing to testify after reaching a plea deal with prosecutors. In early 2018, Atilla was convicted on five of six counts against him, including bank fraud and conspiracies and acquitted on one count after four days of jury deliberation.
4559:
3358:
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4425:(3.6 million) numbered highest as "registered" refugees (2011–2018: 30 billion on refugee assistance). As the war made the return of refugees to Syria uncertain, Turkey focused on how to manage their presence in Turkish society by addressing their legal status, basic needs, employment, education, and impact on local communities. The
1422:
1421:
1418:
1311:
rhetoric against communist ideology held the position that because of US assistance against the
Soviets, Turkey moved away from a single-party towards a multi-party system. There is no causal link between Turkey's democratization to either the Truman Doctrine or Turkey's admission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In
3362:
2697:
5489:
Kyriakos
Mitsotakis after Mitsotakis appeared to raise concern about U.S.-Turkey arms transactions while addressing a May 2022 joint session of Congress. In December, the final version of the FY2023 NDAA (P.L.117-263) excluded a House-passed condition on F-16 sales to Turkey related to potential overflights of Greek territory.
1423:
3889:
2190:, though not in the text. The US stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. Turkey opened its Incirlik and Diyarbakir air bases and became involved in the ground support and intelligence operations for the northern NFZ which was initially part of
8761:{^ Telegraph View (represents the editorial opinion of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph) (30 Nisan 2007). "Turkish distractions". The Daily Telegraph. 7 Ekim 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim Tarihi: 8 Şubat 2011. we called for intervention in Cyprus when the anti-Turkish pogroms began in the 1960s}.
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2808:) worked for the narratives of extremists, encouraged atrocities, also signaled to our (NATO) adversaries that they can count on the US’s inaction at places like Crimea. Signs of strain were then displayed when Obama refused to have a formal meeting with Erdoğan when the latter visited the United States in March 2016.
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of sycophantic (but contemptuous) advisors". He is said to be "isolated", and that his MPs and
Ministers feel "fearful of Erdogan's wrath". Diplomats state that "he relies on his charisma, instincts, and the filterings of advisors who pull conspiracy theories off the Web or are lost in neo-Ottoman Islamist fantasies".
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1069:
security, and stability in the region". Following this declaration
President Biden reestablished Executive Order 13894 which stated Turkey is an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States constituted by the situation in and in relation to Syria. Following the
4620:. However, the US government demanded that Turkey had to produce evidence of Gulen's connection with the coup attempt. On 19 July, an official request was sent to the US for the extradition of Fethullah Gülen. Senior U.S. officials said this evidence pertained to certain pre-coup alleged subversive activities.
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Turkey in addition to denouncing Russia’s invasion, and closing the Straits to belligerent warships (including US warships) supplied Ukraine with various types of military equipment—including armed drone aircraft and mine-resistant ambush-resistant (MRAP) vehicles—as well as humanitarian assistance.
2360:
originating from 2004, then Prime Minister Erdoğan was described by U.S. diplomats as a "perfectionist workaholic who sincerely cares for the well-being of those around him". He was also described as having "little understanding of politics beyond Ankara" and as surrounding himself with an "iron ring
1420:
1068:
On October 12, 2023, President Biden declared "particularly the actions by the Government of Turkey to conduct a military offensive into northeast Syria, undermines the campaign to defeat the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS, endangers civilians, and further threatens to undermine the peace,
655:
In 2013, the US and Turkey created a $ 200 million fund to help stem extremism by undercutting the ideological and recruiting appeal of jihadists in places like Somalia, Yemen, and Pakistan. It was the first global effort to support local, community-level initiatives aimed at strengthening democratic
549:(CENTO), which promoted shared political and military economic goals similar to and modeled like NATO. The US pressured and promised military and economic aid to be the founding member. The US was not a member. The defensive organization never became functional partly due to the lack of leadership as
350:
Over the 2010s, Turkey has become a much more independent geopolitical player, but at the same time less predictable and does not correspond to the ideas of the United States in general about what kind of Turkey the US would like to see as a “model” for the Muslim countries of the Middle East. As the
166:(1918-1939), Turkey-US laid the groundwork for cooperation without a defined strategic interest. The US send a Congressional delegation to emphasize trade and business, along the non-missionary philanthropy and other cultural enterprises. Archaeological expeditions sponsored by American universities.
10661:
Die türkisch-israelischen Beziehungen sind nach der Militäraktion Israels auf dem Tiefpunkt. 'Staatsterrorismus' warf der türkische Ministerpräsident Erdogan Israel vor und sagte in einer Rede vor Parteifreunden voraus: 'Ab heute ist nichts mehr wie es war.' Von antisemitischen Tönen distanzierte er
5638:
Turkey is currently the 32nd-largest goods trading partner with $ 20.5 billion in total ($ 10.2 billion; imports $ 10.3 billion) goods trade during 2018. US' goods and services trade with Turkey totaled an estimated $ 24.0 billion (exports: $ 12.7 billion; imports: $ 11.2 billion) in 2017. The trade
4206:
on Sep 12, 2017. Bloomberg reported "permission" of the sale of Patriot systems to Turkey as a breakthrough on Dec 18, 2018 Turkey received its first installment of the Russian S-400 missile defense system on 12 July 2019, just short of six months of the US breakthrough. The patriots were offered to
3713:
that “the Turkish Foreign Ministry made this statement regarding the roadmap before midnight”, as it would allow Obama to go back on his campaign promise to refer to the incident as genocide, which the Turkish government profusely denied, by pointing out to the Armenian diaspora that “Turkey reached
2645:
were a series of high-profile trials that began on October 20, 2008, in which 275 people, including military officers, journalists, and opposition lawmakers, all alleged members of Ergenekon, were accused of plotting against the Erdogan government. The trials resulted in lengthy prison sentences for
5444:
Turkey's basis for continued engagement with Russia, and desire to help mediate the conflict was based on minimizing spillover effects on Turkey’s national security and economy. On March 5, 2022, the Turkish Foreign Ministry stated after discussions with NATO partners' deputy foreign ministers that
5320:
So I’m very concerned about it. I’m very concerned about it. But I’m still of the view that if we were to engage more directly like I was doing with them, that we can support those elements of the Turkish leadership that still exist and get more from them and embolden them to be able to take on and
3139:
on the ground, we were buying a costly, dangerous, lengthy, and uncertain military commitment on top of Afghanistan and Iraq that put significant numbers of U.S. forces in harm’s way. Could we have protected civilians in safe zones? Yes, had we deployed thousands of U.S. troops to take and hold the
2845:
Professor Mustafa Kibaroğlu speculates that if the Obama administration presses for the withdrawal of these weapons, which Turkey wishes to maintain, then Turkey-U.S. relations may be strained. In October 2009, President Obama sent a proposal (nuclear deal framework) to Erdoğan during the heated US
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after the civil war broke out in 1996 to monitor a ceasefire between the PUK and KDP. The unit station was a historical Ottoman Empire facility (dwelling), which held the historical archives of the Ottoman Empire. Among the destroyed documents were the deed records of the region. The hood event was
2503:
could not reach the absolute majority of 276 votes needed to allow US troops to attack Iraq from Turkey (62,000 troops and more than 250 planes), the final tally being 264 votes for and 250 against. BBC's Jonny Dymond said the knife-edge vote is a massive blow to the government which has a majority
2117:
During the Gulf War, Özal modified the main principles of Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East, which were non-interference in intra-Arab disputes and the Middle Eastern affairs. The role Turkey played during the Gulf War demonstrated to the public that it was one of the key actors in the
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Joint Strike Fighter program. Turkey plans to purchase up to 116 F-35s, 90 for delivery over an estimated 10-year period (2014–2023), that are jointly assembled and/or developed by firms from the various JSF partners. The cost is estimated to be at least $ 11 billion and could exceed $ 15 billion,
4445:
encouraged the U.S. to establish safe zones; the Obama administration was concerned about the potential for pulling the U.S. into a war with Russia. In the first few weeks of Trump's presidency, Turkey renewed its call for safe zones and proposed a new plan for them. The Trump administration spoke
3685:
that a deal to reopen the border between the two states and exchange diplomatic personnel would happen, and indicated that although his own personal views on the subject remained unchanged, to avoid derailing this diplomatic progress, he would refrain from using the word "genocide" in his upcoming
3661:
reached a low point after the incident. Turkey recalled its ambassador, canceled joint military exercises, and called for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council. Erdoğan harshly referred to the raid as a "bloody massacre" and "state terrorism", and criticized Israel in a speech before the
2585:
After 8 years of failed attempts, due to being received as a possible nuclear proliferation front in the West (US), Turkey altered its strategy. Instead of owning a nuclear power plant, Turkey enabled vendors to own the plant. In 2010, Turkey and Russia signed an agreement for nuclear cooperation.
2515:
In connection with its invasion of Iraq, the United States requested that Turkey allow 62,000 soldiers to deploy from its territory and that 9 Turkish air bases allow United States bombers to deploy. Tension developed when the Turkish government agreed to the request, but parliament rejected it on
1008:
requiring the Trump administration to submit a detailed report to Congress on the status of US–Turkey relations. The Department of Defense (DOD) submitted a mostly classified report to Congress in November 2018 followed by H.R. 648 which required the DOD report on the issue in 2019. On 14 December
7333:
was convened after “the historic visit that Obama paid to Turkey”, and concluded that "this cooperation is vital for both of the two states in an environment in which we face serious security issues in Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, the Balkans, Black Sea, Caucuses and the Middle East, besides a global
3189:
reported specifically on "the CIA annex at Benghazi", that "all CIA activities in Benghazi were legal and authorized. On-the-record testimony establishes that the CIA was not sending weapons ... from Libya to Syria, or facilitating other organizations or states that were transferring weapons from
2853:
Turkey, India, and China opposed the adoption of a new round of sanctions claiming the "Tehran Declaration" could be improved, rather than discarded. Opposition developed heated condemnations in the US capital which claimed Turkey is not in the Western camp. Turkey's objection to the US sanctions
2577:
In June 2008, The United States and Turkey began to cooperate on peaceful uses of nuclear energy with a pact that aims for the transfer of technology, material, reactors, and components for nuclear research and nuclear power production in Turkey for an initial 15-year period followed by automatic
1836:
I am gravely concerned by the information which I have had through Ambassador Hare from you and your Foreign Minister that the Turkish Government is contemplating a decision to intervene by military force to occupy a portion of Cyprus. I wish to emphasize, in the fullest friendship and frankness,
4938:
The United States suspended all non-immigrant visas from Turkey "indefinitely" due to Topuz's arrest. Turkey retaliated against the US with suspensions of all US visas, including tourist visas, shortly after the US State Department made their announcement. On August 1, 2018, the US Department of
2439:
dated June 8, 2006, which described Turkey as a crucial ally in the "global war on terror" and an important logistical base for the US-led war in Iraq. On June 14, 2006, Turkish foreign ministry officials told reporters: "The Turkish government and state never played a part ... and never will."
2055:
During the 1980s, relations between Turkey and the United States gradually recovered. In March 1980 Turkey and the US signed the Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement (DECA), in which the United States was granted access to 26 military facilities in return for Turkey's ability to buy modern
1471:
Turkey's admission to NATO, in February 1952, was preceded by extensive study and debate on extending eastern Mediterranean. That created the new southern flank. Changes were needed in the wording of the treaty to expand its territorial reach. The admission of Turkey gave NATO a much longer land
7396:
In May 2013, Erdoğan visited the White House and met with Obama, who said the visit was an opportunity "to return the extraordinary hospitality that the Prime Minister and the Turkish people showed on visit to Turkey four years ago". During their joint press conference, both Obama and Erdoğan
5515:
referred to the massacre of the Armenians during the Ottoman Empire in 1915 as "genocide" in a statement released by the White House. Turkey has long practiced a policy of denial against the Armenian Genocide, and Biden's move was refuted by President Erdogan as "groundless" and opening a "deep
4535:
According to two anonymous American officials, the Central Intelligence Agency obtained original intelligence on Baghdadi following the arrests of one of his wives and a courier. The arrest of al-Baghdadi's top aide Ismael al-Ethawi was the key: al-Ethawi was found and followed by informants in
3076:
Turkey was particularly cautious about a Kurdish state arising from a destabilized Syria. Turkey has fought an insurgent war against the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization internationally by a number of states and organizations. Until 2011, Turkey's policy was trying to preserve a
2511:
said "Turkey would suffer the effects of the war ." The US did not immediately re-deploy the forces intended for staging in Turkey and the State Department asked for "clarification" of the Turkish vote. In the end, the US pulled the offer of $ 6 billion in grants and up to $ 24 billion in loan
1970:
Turkey repeatedly claimed, for decades before the invasion and frequently afterward, that Cyprus was of vital strategic importance to it. Ankara defied a host of UN resolutions demanding the withdrawal of its occupying troops from the island. About 142,000 Greek Cypriots living in the north and
1857:
Item 1 was the critical American position toward Turkey. Item 2 was the wake-up call. Johnson revealed to Turkey's political elite that the TAF overly depended on the US. Inonu knew that he would receive a strong message. The letter leaked to the press before messenger left the building. Inonu
1038:
recommended “US needs to develop alternatives to Incirlik Air Base. The use of the base to advance U.S. interests is no longer assured.” In 2019, US and Greece signed "Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement". The agreement was described as critical to responding to new security challenges in the
5488:
claimed US bases pose "a threat to our security." "America is using the Greek side as a pawn ... The subject of 12 islands is our wound that has not yet healed. They have been unjustly usurped from Turkey by foot tricks," Bacheli reiterated. Erdogan suspended dialogue with Greek Prime Minister
1310:
was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine used adherence to democracy in its strategic goals. Democracy was used to secure congressional aid for Turkey. Truman's strategic imperatives and democratic
1277:
984:
It is evident that the Turks do not want to be sidelined by the US or the West when it comes to their own national security concerns. Neither do they want to be hamstrung by easily severed logistics. Clearly, they want to be, and have been thinking about becoming, important players in regional
7320:
pointed out that they were "changing the psychological atmosphere” of what was before “seen as a military relationship”. Obama clarified: “We are not solely strategic partners, we are also model partners.” With this change in terminology, “The President wanted to stress the uniqueness of this
6583:
According to a survey conducted in the spring of 2017 and released in August, 72% of Turks see the United States as a threat to Turkey's security. Furthermore, the US was perceived as a greater threat to security than Russia or China. According to PBS, opinions of the US dropped steadily from
5031:
The Turkish people expected the United States to unequivocally condemn the attack and express solidarity with Turkey’s elected leadership. It did not. The United States' reaction was far from satisfactory. Instead of siding with Turkish democracy, United States officials cautiously called for
3593:
arrived on a radical domestic transformation in one member of a western alliance (NATO) and how this led to a revision of its international alliance preference. Erdogan’s outburst at the 2009 Davos Summit was a critical juncture that signaled the turn in Turkey’s national agenda and alignment
2672:
2516:
March 1, 2003. On 20 March 2003 following a visit by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell to Ankara, an agreement was consummated to allow the United States Air Force to use Turkish airspace. Relations improved in 2009 following United States President Barack Obama's visit to Turkey.
1925:
in 1961, ratified in 1967. In 1971, Turkey imposed a ban on opium production result of considerable USG pressure. USG granted a total of $ 35.7 million in support for the transitioning of 70,000 farm workers to the cultivation of new crops. The Turkish government implemented the program under
2893:
We urge both sides to continue their constructive approach which aims to carry the process forward. Our hope is that both sides will carry out the mutually agreed steps on the agreement, therefore resolving this issue permanently in such a way that will satisfy all the sides involved through
3364:
2109:
The end of the Cold War forced Turkish leaders to reassess their country's international position. The disappearance of the Soviet threat and the perception of being excluded from Europe created a sense of vulnerability with respect to Turkey's position in the fast-changing global political
1261:
7237:
1424:
1091:, the United States needs to adjust its expectations, ask for less, and develop other options because Turkey only remains formally a NATO ally but not a partner of the United States. Since the deterioration of the relationship, there has been growing Turkish-Russian security cooperation.
436:
against the Barbary states, which were under Ottoman suzerainty. The Ottomans severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 20, 1917, after the United States declared war against Germany on April 4, 1917, due to the Ottoman–German alliance. Normal diplomatic relations were
4583:
3499:
2740:
3807:
1861:
The US ordered the Sixth Fleet to Istanbul in August 1968. Turkish public perceived the visit as a follow-up to the Jonson letter. The labor federations and the other left-wing groups protested the fleet. Those were the same groups that presented a heartfelt welcome in the late 1950s.
155:, put forward by the US, through a set of global, rule-based, structured relationships based on political, and economic liberalism. As a consequence relationships advanced under G20, OECD, Council of Europe, OSCE, WTO, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, IMF, the World Bank and the
7239:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3503:
1519:. Marshall Plan intended to direct Turkey towards developments in agriculture, mining, and tourism sectors. Tractors and agricultural equipment entered the country and created a boom in production. The aid to the Turkish military went back to the US military-industrial complex. .
2715:
3811:
7258:
7253:
3325:
Early on, Obama saw Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the president of Turkey, as the sort of moderate Muslim leader who would bridge the divide between East and West—but Obama now considers him a failure and an authoritarian, one who refuses to use his enormous army to bring stability to
7257:
5713:
concentrated on training Afghan military and security forces and provided security at ISAF's Regional Command-Capital stationed in Kabul. An undisclosed number of Mehmetçik were deployed to the Wardak and Jawzjan provinces to give ground support to USA Air Force Operations.
2448:
2956:
between March 2012 and July 2013 purchased gold on the open market. November 2013 sanctions prevented Iran from being paid in dollars, but gold was never mentioned in the sanctions regime. Halkbank exchanged gold for Iranian oil (oil trading controversy). 18 October 2015,
985:
politics, and their public national security policy says as much. They have become involved at every opportunity in multi-national military interventions. They have shown a willingness to defy the US. They have industrial and procurement plans aimed at strategic autonomy.
8967:
Brunner is known to be protected in Syria by armed guards, presumably from the Syrian intelligence services. In the past, our source added, Brunner has done work on behalf of the Syrian intelligence services in training Kurdish guerrillas who operate from Syria against
501:
500:
7241:
5635:. The US and Turkey have had a Joint Economic Commission and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement for several years. In 2002, the two countries indicated their joint intent to upgrade bilateral economic relations by launching an Economic Partnership Commission.
8816:
7242:
3896:
3666:. On March 22, 2013, Netanyahu apologized for the incident in a 30-minute telephone call with Erdoğan, stating that the results were unintended; the Turkish prime minister accepted the apology and agreed to enter into discussions to resolve the compensation issue.
3531:
In summary, during the Obama years, Turkey developed its policy towards Syria in two stages. The first stage was by itself. The second stage was with the US, which was unsuccessful. However, during obama years, Turkey was unwilling to act unilaterally toward Syria.
2646:
most of the accused. The US Secretary of State reported on the Turkish investigation into the Ergenekon network and concluded that “the details of the case were murky, however, and Ergenekon's status as a terrorist organisation remained under debate at year's end”.
12749:
3813:
4967:
said “It’s not like the United States caused this, but there’s probably some element of the trade spat investors and Turkish residents that things were not going to get better.” With both internal structural weaknesses and US sanctions Turkey's economy fall into
5445:
Turkey and the US will continue to work in "tight coordination" to find a diplomatic solution to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. On the other hand, Turkey rejected the US economic sanctions against Russia and did not close its airspace to Russian civilian flights.
502:
2440:
According to evidence, the US base was a transit stop in taking detainees to secret prisons. The cable also stated: "We recommend that you do not raise this issue with TGS pending clarification from Washington on what approach state/OSD/JCS/NSC wish to take."
3845:
report chief prosecutor’s office launched an investigation into 17 U.S.-based individuals, including Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, former U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara and ex-CIA director John Brennan, for their alleged links to cleric Fethullah Gulen.
2733:
2488:
2581:
The Center for Strategic and International Studies started a one-year initiative project to evaluate and enhance the Turkish Republic–United States strategic partnership, aiming for a plan of implementation of the concluded framework at the end of this phase.
582:
In 2001, the relationship began with the premise of the United States fostering cooperation on counterterrorism, law enforcement, and military training and education. Turkey remained a close ally of the United States and provided support in the War on Terror.
7240:
1971:
65,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the south, were forcibly expelled and were forbidden to return to their homes and properties. 109 Turkish villages were destroyed and 700 Turks were kept as hostages. Daily Telegraph described events as anti-Turkish pogrom.
4777:
played key role in Flynn's connection to the case Federal investigators probing the lobbying work of national security adviser Michael Flynn are focused in part on the role of Bijan Kian. In 2017, FBI investigated whether Fethullah Gulen skimmed money from
1657:
5611:(D-N.J.), had longstanding concerns over Turkey’s aggression toward Greece and Cyprus. "If they can find a way to ensure that Turkey’s aggression against its neighbors ceases — which has been great, but that has to be a permanent reality,” Menendez said.
5606:
All existing F16s are Block 50+ 'Viper' configuration. Turkey's F16 needs an upgrade. Biden can't move forward without acceptance from the top senators on the Senate Foreign Relations and House Foreign Affairs committees. Senate Foreign Relations Chair
2047:. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski discussed with his staff a possible American invasion of Iran by using Turkish bases and territory if the Soviets decided to repeat the Afghanistan scenario in Iran, although this plan did not materialize.
2170:) to fly missions from its air bases; by doing so Turkey remained a platform for the US attacks against Iraq for the rest of the conflict. Turkey played a role in the war by restraining a sizeable proportion of the Iraqi army on the Turkey–Iraq border.
3809:
762:
and the collapse of the Soviet Union, but focus remained on a number of regional developments involving Turkey." According to CRS a "reassessment period" established between 1991 and 2002. CRS timeline for 1991-2002 showed that the US established a
3932:
3882:
3866:
1930:
campaign all political parties expressed dissatisfaction. In 1974, Turkey moved to a system for licensing poppy production in which the state purchased all crops (no poppy market) and used them for legal production (no sale to private industry).
4075:
had ordered the killing. He issued a statement saying "it could very well be that the Crown Prince had knowledge of this tragic event — maybe he did and maybe he didn't" and that "in any case, relationship is with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia".
1281:
2478:(1989–1991 US Ambassador) said, in regards to Turkey's involvement in an upcoming war: "It is hard to believe that in the end the Turks would not cooperate with the United States if war takes place, with or without UN blessing". Vice President
5980:, some of the planes used at the operation and a fueling carrier took off from Incirlik base; in response, the Turkish government arrested several high-ranking Turkish military officers at Incirlik and cut power to the base for nearly a week.
4360:
1709:
and Khrushchev. Publicly, the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba, in exchange for a US public declaration and agreement to avoid invading Cuba again. Secretly, the United States agreed that it would dismantle all US-built
3028:
confirmed that cooperation against terrorism is a key element in America's strategic partnership with Turkey, before going on to praise Turkish contributions to stabilize Iraq and Afghanistan and highlighting the strategic importance of the
11673:
5218:
urged both sides to respect the humanitarian ceasefire and stated, "We now have the Turks, who have stepped in and provided resources to Azerbaijan, increasing the risk, increasing the firepower that's taking place in this historic fight."
4255:
from Russia. Trump administration said that the president will veto the bill. Trump had earlier worked to delay passing sanctions against Turkey, but he lost the 2020 United States presidential election. On 14 December 2020, the US imposed
2683:
5602:
On March 19, 2022, the US has broached the unlikely option of delivering its Russian-made S-400 missile defence systems to Ukraine to assist it in fighting invading Russian forces, According to three sources acquainted with the situation.
1279:
906:: “Turkey must choose, Does it want to remain a critical partner in the most successful military alliance in history, or does it want to risk the security of that partnership by making such reckless decisions that undermine our alliance?”
7405:
and praised the steps Erdoğan had taken in that process. The process normalizing the Turkish-Israeli relationship had begun and Erdoğan stated that he would continue this process: "We don't need any other problems, issues in the region."
2056:
military hardware and $ 450 million. Although Ankara resented continued attempts by the United States Congress to restrict military assistance to Turkey because of Cyprus and the introduction of congressional resolutions condemning the
10344:
4558:
3925:
1807:
guerrilla organization. While invasion and war did not occur, the U.S. alienated both the Greek and Turkish governments and drove Makarios closer to the Russians and Egyptians. The Cyprus Emergency ended in 1959 with the signing of the
499:
6448:
Regional problems in the 1960s, Cyprus crises in 1963 and 1967, Cyprus invasion in 1974, and the arms embargo by the US in 1975–1978 following the invasion necessitated Turkey developing a defense industry based on national resources.
1654:
4773:'s consulting company was hired by Inovo BV, a company owned by Kamil Ekim Alptekin. Alptekin also chairs the Turkish-American Business Council, an arm of the Foreign Economic Relations Board of Turkey (DEIK). Trump transition aide
4168:
The US had leverage with Turkey as Turkey's military security was largely dependent on its Western ally. Turkey depended on the US for control of its airspace. Turkey has long pursued air control radars and missile defense systems.
2185:
were two no-fly zones (NFZs) that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France to create safe zones for the internally displaced people after the war. The US and the UK claimed authorization for the NFZ based on
2551:
During the conflict, Ankara pressured the U.S. into subduing PKK training camps in northern Iraq. The U.S. remained reluctant due to northern Iraq's relative stability compared to the rest of the country. On October 17, 2007, the
6094:
be approved, Turkey received two conditions: Iran or Syria should not be named as a threat to Turkey, and Turkey's territory was to be protected by the system (as a national defense requirement). According to U.S. officials, the
14216:
7384:
3424:
state in northern Syria. He told reporters on January 26, 2015: "What is this? Northern Iraq? Now Northern Syria to be born. It is impossible for us to accept this. ... Such entities will cause great problems in the future."
2586:
From a Eurasian energy security perspective, US lost a NATO partner (in nuclear cooperation) as this nuclear deal did not solve Turkey’s dependence on Russia’s natural gas, but added a second dependence on nuclear technology.
440:
The strategic partnership characterized the exceptionally close economic and military relations between 1952 and the 2010s. The 2010s were a period of deterioration over the US policies in Syria. In 2020, Turkey was added to
12741:
6584:
1999/2000 (52% in Turkey in 1999/2000) and in 2006, favorable opinions dropped significantly in predominantly Muslim countries, which ranged from 12% in Turkey to 30% in Indonesia and Egypt. A 2019 survey conducted by the
2667:
12676:"Text - S.Res.150 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that it is the policy of the United States to commemorate the Armenian Genocide through official recognition and remembrance"
8326:
4328:
2569:
Turkey's fourth attempt at building a nuclear reactor, in 2002, was driven by concerns over dependence on Russian gas for electric generation. US companies did not produce any bids. In fact, Turkey received only bid—from
809:, also proposed expelling Turkey from the Western alliance. A breakpoint risen in 2015. While claiming Turkey turned a blind eye to ISIL and other jihadist networks on both sides of its border, US began openly arming the
4006:-led bloc of countries that severed ties with and imposed sanctions on Qatar on June 5, 2017. Erdoğan criticized the list of demands released by the countries on 22 June, stating that they undermine Qatar's sovereignty.
3359:
2556:
voted in favor of allowing the Turkish Armed Forces to take military action against the PKK based in northern Iraq. In response, Bush stated that he did not believe it was in Turkey's interests to send troops into Iraq.
1419:
3246:(FSA-identified groups), to which Erdoğan angrily responded, "Biden has to apologize for his statements" adding that if no apology is made, Biden would become "history to ". Biden subsequently apologized. In 2015, the
2250:
The United States' use of Turkish military installations during the bombing of Iraq in 1991 led to anti-war demonstrations in several Turkish cities, and sporadic attacks on United States facilities in 1992 and 1993.
960:. US lost trust in Turkey as the latter bombed its own military base at the Northern Syria Buffer Zone. On February 5, 2020, the US halted a secretive military intelligence cooperation program with Turkey against the
5448:
President Biden expressed consent for Turkey-United Nations to develop parallel agreements with Russia and Ukraine to provide a Black Sea corridor for Ukrainian grain exports in solving the global supply concerns.
2969:, an Iranian-Azeri businessman who had taken Turkish citizenship, "use U.S. financial institutions to engage in prohibited financial transactions that illegally funneled millions of dollars to Iran". Zarrab was in
1259:
4786:
is a network of more than 150 U.S. charter schools (as of 2017). Gulen-linked educational institutions (schools in varying categories, and classifications) are sizable with 300 in Turkey and over 1,000 worldwide.
2523:
began. On July 4, 2003, Turkish military personnel that were stationed in northern Iraq were captured from their station, led away with hoods over their heads, and interrogated; this later came to be known as the
1656:
2780:
met with Turkish officials in Ankara to confirm that “Turkey can always depend on the US, while the US can always rely on its close friendship with Turkey”. Obama gave impassioned and eloquent speeches in Turkey
1280:
3498:
1084:, while doing airstrikes on PKK militants around Hassakeh which came within 500 m of American troops. A day before the executive order made public, Turkey declared to intensify strikes on PKK in Iraq and Syria.
11994:
4580:
3412:. The American forces in the Syrian Civil War openly allied with the Kurdish YPG fighters and supported them militarily. The YPG was criticized by Turkey for its alleged support to the PKK, especially since a
1294:
in 1947, British assistance to Turkey ended. The U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the passage. Turkey began to associate with the United States in 1947 when the
1073:, Turkish intelligence officials established that the assailants arrived from Syria by paraglider, where they had been trained. Six days before the declaration, Turkey began bombing their facilities in Syria,
4963:" which was imposed on countries whose exports threaten to impair national security. Markets responded and the lira plunged. Depending on the calculation nearly 40% year to date or 20% just after the tweet.
4449:
In December 2018, Trump announced "We have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria. The next day, Mattis resigned in protest, calling his decision an abandonment of the U.S.'s
2238:
signed the US-mediated Washington Agreement and established a formal peace treaty. In the agreement, the parties agreed to share revenue, share power, and deny the use of northern Iraq to the PKK. President
4066:
traveled to Turkey to address the investigation. Haspel's visit came before a planned speech by Erdoğan. She listened to audio purportedly capturing the sound of saw on a bone. On November 20, US President
1837:
that I do not consider that such a course of action by Turkey, fraught with such far-reaching consequences, is consistent with the commitment of your Government to consult fully in advance with us. ... (1)
1723:
claimed that the placement of Russian missiles in Cuba was a Russian reaction to the earlier stationing of American missiles in Turkey in 1961–62; it was Khrushchev's attempt to achieve a balance of power.
7252:
7217:
President Bill Clinton visited Ankara, İzmit, Ephesus, and Istanbul November 15–19, 1999. It was a State visit where he also attended the Organization for Security and Cooperation's Europe Summit meeting.
2076:
jets under licence in Turkey. Washington demonstrated its support of Özal's market-oriented economic policies and efforts to open the Turkish economy to international trade by pushing for acceptance of an
3403:
Turkey-US relations began showing signs of deterioration, particularly over the handling of the YPG. Some groups held the idea of "Syrian Balkanization" ("division of the country") in which they promoted
2690:
2462:
Turkey is particularly cautious about a Kurdish state arising from a destabilized Iraq. Turkey has fought an insurgent war against the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization internationally by
2486:
welcomed Cheney to a working dinner on March 19, who offered $ 228 million to aid in military efforts provided that international military operations took command of the Afghanistan peacekeeping force.
276:
to help in modernization, develop interoperability, promote cooperation, and integrate Turkey into the Western system. As a result of the integration, Turkey became part of the intelligence operations (
5071:
as a museum, as an exemplar of its commitment to respect the faith traditions and diverse history that contributed to the Republic of Turkey, and to ensure it remains accessible to all” (July 1, 2020).
2708:
5354:
On May 22, 2022, after the US embassy issued a warning that police might respond violently to an opposition gathering in Istanbul, Turkey's foreign relations ministry summoned Ambassador Jeff Flake.
3750:: "Of course, since the leader of this terrorist organisation is residing in the United States, there are question marks in the minds of the people whether there is any U.S. involvement or backing.
1061:
called Biden to act, and talks with Armenia to establish a military base in the Zangezur corridor. While Sep 11, 2023, a small contingent of US special forces trained Armenian soldiers during the "
891:
14246:
11855:
4955:
ally. On August 10, 2018, Trump imposed punitive tariffs against Turkey after an impasse over Brunson's imprisonment and other issues. On Aug 10, 2018, Trump tweeted that he would double tariffs (
1212:. Missouri with her 1,515 officers and enlisted men honored the deceased between 21 March 1946 Washington to 5 April Istanbul, until his body was given to his family. It was a gesture not only to
12727:
8894:
8054:
7238:
2847:
12986:
7397:
stressed the importance of achieving stability in Syria. Erdoğan said that during his time with Obama, "Syria was at the top of agenda" and Obama repeated the United States plan to support the
4143:
in Arizona, where Turkish pilots received training until the country's removal from the F-35 program in 2019. The six F-35A aircraft built for Turkey were formally added to the inventory of the
1685:
Turkey risked nuclear war on its soil during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet
5032:“stability and peace and continuity within Turkey.” To make matters worse, there has been no progress regarding Turkey’s request for the extradition of Fethullah Gulen under a bilateral treaty.
3907:
3808:
2861:
8116:
10541:
6607:
5376:
US supported Ukraine and sanctioned Russia; however, the conflict brought challenges to Turkey in balancing its relations with both Ukraine and Russia, with implications for US-Turkey ties.
4147:
with code numbers 18-0001 to 18-0006, but they were never allowed to leave the United States and are still kept inside hangars, for which the U.S. government demands rent payment from Turkey.
1645:
On May 13 the Soviet Union sent complaints to Turkey, who in turn protested to the United States. Turkey acquired assurances that no U.S. aircraft would be allowed for unauthorized purposes.
855:), on October 4, 2016, Turkey moved to arrest Turkish nationals employed at American consulates (Metin Topuz on espionage and conspiracy charges), followed on the October 7, 2016, arrest of
18087:
8033:
7302:
April 6–7, 2009. There US critics who claimed that Turkey should not be rewarded by an early presidential visit as its government had been systematically reorienting foreign policy onto an
6592:, with only 20% having a positive view, the lowest among countries polled. The same study also showed only 11% of Turks had confidence in the US leader at the time of the survey, President
4260:. The sanctions included a ban on all U.S. export licenses and authorizations to SSB and an asset freeze and visa restrictions on Dr. Ismail Demir, SSB's president, and other SSB officers.
3547:, which the Obama administration associated itself with, provided a launch pad for Turkish Kurdish separatists toward Turkey and might raise questions about Turkey’s territorial integrity.
3409:
2722:
1875:
1049:'s recognition of the Armenian genocide reflects the dispensability of Turkey-US relations, on the other hand, Biden also emphasized the relations with Armenia. After Azerbaijani blocking
14389:
12080:
7472:
4379:
4296:
914:, “The United States must choose. Does it want to remain Turkey’s ally or risk our friendship by joining forces with terrorists to undermine its NATO ally’s defence against its enemies?”
498:
2328:, his long-time safe haven. Öcalan was the leader and one of the founding members of the PKK. As a result, the Syrian government forced Öcalan to leave the country, who was captured in
11551:
10206:
11944:
2834:
called for the removal of nuclear weapons stationed, questions were subsequently raised over the continued presence of "reportedly" stationed at the Incirlik air base as part of the
13387:
4017:: "We're seeing great involvement by Turkey from everywhere from western Africa to Southeast Asia, funding groups that help create the conditions that allow terrorism to flourish."
2458:: If Turkey did not pass the plan, he said, "he feared Turkey would suffer the effects of the war" for the reason "The war will be short if a second front is opened from the north."
16242:
3589:(Minister of Foreign Affairs 1 May 2009 – 29 August 2014) and his foreign policy was to establish Turkey as an influential power within the Balkans, Caucasia and the Middle East.
10411:
3444:-friendly name for the YPG, which Thomas personally suggested because the YPG is considered an arm of the PKK. On February 1, 2016, Brett McGurk officially visited SDF commander
2114:
and expanded ties with the Central Asian members of the CIS. Özal believed Turkey's future security depended on the continuation of a strong relationship with the United States.
17730:
17725:
17675:
17670:
12288:
10135:
10117:
12186:
3260:. It launched in 2012 or 2013 and supplied money, weaponry and training to rebel forces. According to US officials, the program has trained thousands of rebels. In July 2017,
13541:
11801:
10507:
2166:
resigned out of disagreement in involving Turkish ground forces with the conflict, which prevented Turkey's active military engagement. Turkey allowed United Nations forces (
2158:(2 August 1990 – 17 January 1991). Turkey's economic ties to Iraq were extensive and their disruption hurt the country. Turkey lost approximately $ 60 billion by closing the
1784:. In the mid-1960s relations worsened between Greek and Turkish communities on Cyprus. Britain wanted to hand the crisis and a peacekeeping role to either NATO or UN forces.
1278:
10528:
3536:
Tried to persuade Assad to reform. Cut the diplomatic ties. Supported regional and international political solutions. Support and aid Syria’s political and armed opposition.
1655:
805:
promoted expelling Turkey from NATO as part of his broader efforts to reform the alliance. Ted Galen Carpenter, a senior fellow in defense and foreign policy studies at the
13774:
10369:
4919:
took up the Brunsons’ cause, as had opposition Parliament members in Turkey and other Protestant pastors in the largely Muslim nation. Brunson's fate was determined at the
17790:
16702:
16481:
16317:
14238:
13903:
Barlas, Dilek, and Şuhnaz Yilmaz. "Managing the transition from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana: Turkey's relations with Britain and the US in a turbulent era (1929–47)."
11444:
5970:. Turkey routinely hosts the United States for Anatolian Falcon and (with Israel, before their relationship worsened) Anatolian Eagle exercises held at its Konya airbase.
1852:, President Johnson's letter to Prime Minister Inonu, The letter was released by the White House in January 1966 and printed in Middle East Journal 20 (1966), pp. 386–393.
1299:
designated Turkey, under the provisions of the "Truman Doctrine", as the recipient of special economic and military assistance intended to help it resist threats from the
969:
12062:
11873:
8237:
1045:
reported growing US military presence in Greece can lead to undesired scenarios in the Aegean ‘Deploying more US troops to Greece would disrupt NATO’s powers,’ In 2021,
16220:
13796:
13027:
9161:
Philip Robins (2007) The Opium Crisis and the Iraq War: Historical Parallels in Turkey-US Relations, Mediterranean Politics, 12:1, 17-38, DOI: 10.1080/13629390601136806
7981:
4191:. Russia claimed U.S. knew the flight path of the Sukhoi Su-24 and it was an issue between two NATO partners, two U.S. officials claimed there was no such information.
17910:
17589:
14404:
11408:
1078:
17665:
11892:"Prior to the US Operation in Idlib Province of Syria last night, information exchange and coordination between the military authorities of both countries took place"
9778:
2499:
in Turkey: opinion polls showed that 80% of Turks were opposed to the war. The Turkish Parliament's position reflected the public's. The March 1, 2003, motion at the
4257:
4238:
4120:
3195:
1010:
995:
442:
355:
16337:
11905:
11519:
11100:
11083:
6609:
6066:
Turkey is one of eight countries—along with the United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Norway, and Australia—partnering with the United States on the
2173:
After the war, Turkey continued to support major United States initiatives in the region, including the creation of a safe zone for Iraqi Kurds over northern Iraq.
351:
instability in the region increased, Turkey also no longer an “island of stability” for the US, but a source of new, often unexpected impulses on a regional scale.
8719:
8388:
5721:, Turkey established the NATO Training Mission in 2005 and sponsored specialized training for hundreds of Iraqi security personnel in a secret facility in Turkey.
4207:
replace Russian ordinance was US$ 3.5 billion while Turkey paid US$ 2.5 billion for S-400m. In February 2019, Russia had an advance supply contract with
634:
8262:
4454:
allies. In November 2018, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria. House of Representatives condemned Trump's decision.
2873:
Following the discredited Tehran Declaration and sanctions on Turkey, the progress on the issue stopped until the change of government in Iran. Iranian President
17810:
16061:
12489:
12453:
5454:
5363:
5167:
reported growing US military presence in Greece can lead to undesired scenarios in the Aegean ‘Deploying more US troops to Greece would disrupt NATO’s powers,’
3181:
in southern Turkey. The CIA's involvement reportedly ended after the mass evacuation of CIA operatives from the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya, after the
1001:
375:
12168:
10875:
8157:
8072:
6612:
4446:
with several other Sunni Arab States regarding safe zones, and Russia has asked for clarification regarding any Trump administration plan regarding safe zones.
3939:
3416:
began in 2015. By early 2015, voices in the US foreign policy establishment pushed to abandon the rebels. In early October 2015, shortly after the start of the
3165:" which held the idea of replacing the government and "holding accountable those responsible for killing Syrians, destroying , and displacing ". In early 2012,
17740:
14538:
6114:
Table 1. U.S. Military and Security Assistance to Turkey (historical $ in millions) Source: U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. State Department.
5628:
233:
came on the same day, 15 November 1988. Before the Cold War, Turkey-US relations were already set to a course based on two dimensions. The first dimension was
13516:
15889:
15034:
14723:
14648:
10482:
9936:
9751:
3690:
3417:
1974:
The United States imposed an arms embargo on Turkey in response and relations between the two countries suffered significantly. Soviets saw the expansion of
17815:
11127:
3048:
and other terrorist groups operating in Turkey, whom the U.S. and Turkish authorities share intelligence on, highlighting the September 12, 2006, attack on
17745:
16307:
16235:
14528:
12694:
12399:
5826:
5283:
3173:
cooperated with Turkey in a covert operation named "the Rat Line", which obtained and transported armaments from Libya to rebel groups (later known as the
12976:
Jim Zanotti, Turkey (Türkiye): Background and U.S. Relations In Brief, February 15, 2023, page 10 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44000
12925:
Jim Zanotti, Turkey (Türkiye): Background and U.S. Relations In Brief, February 15, 2023, page 9 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44000
10388:
5257:, alongside the other 9 ambassadors. However, the ambassadors did not receive any formal notice to leave the country and Erdoğan eventually stepped back.
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On July 22, 2019, Turkey claimed to retaliate against the “unacceptable” threat of US sanctions over Turkey's purchase of Russian S-400 missile defenses.
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One of Turkey's most important international relationships has been with the United States since the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the
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12742:"Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh"
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ally would weaken the alliance, effectively reducing Turkey's ability to obtain American technology for regional defense. For this reason, the incoming
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believe Khashoggi was murdered with premeditation. Anonymous Saudi officials have admitted that agents affiliated with the Saudi government killed him.
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Asked Obama in support of direct military intervention, such as a no-fly zone or humanitarian corridor for the refugees. (Obama administration rejected)
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 31 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 33 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 17 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 4 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 3 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 2 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41761
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said the red line was "apparently written in disappearing ink," due to the perception the red line had been crossed with no action. At the same time,
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was a classified weapons supply and training program run by the CIA and supported by some Arab intelligence services, such as the security service in
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On August 20, 2018, there were gunshots at the USA Embassy in Ankara. No casualties were reported and Turkish authorities detained two men suspects.
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The U.S. under President Obama was reluctant to get deeply involved in the Arab World and was generally supportive of Turkish efforts in the region.
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8770:{^ Smit, Anneke (2012). The Property Rights of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Beyond Restitution. Routledge. s. 51. ISBN 9780415579605.}
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Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State John Kerry participate in a lunch at the State Department honoring Prime Minister Erdogan of Turkey.
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Turkey does not have dedicated nuclear-capable fighter aircraft that can deliver the weapons and does not train its pilots to fly nuclear missions.
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US Congressional Research Service (CRS) stated that "Turkey’s relative importance for U.S. policymakers declined in the immediate aftermath of the
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6596:, with 84% having no confidence in him. A 2024 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed only 8% of Turks had confidence in US President
4421:. As reported by UNHCR in 2018, Turkey is hosting 63.4% of all the refugees (from Middle East, Africa, and Afghanistan) in the world. As of 2019,
777:
With President Obama, we had a mutual agreement about the PKK – but Obama deceived us. I don't believe the Trump administration will do the same.
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Edward J. Erickson, “Turkey as Regional Hegemon—2014: Strategic Implications for the United States,” Turkish Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, autumn 2004
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resulted in the US Congress delaying arms sales sought by the Turkish military. On 17 August 2010, a separate report presented to Obama by the
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condemned the attacks and the Turkish government then ordered all of its flags at half-mast for one day of mourning. Turkey participated in the
944:" which was imposed on countries whose exports threaten to impair national security. With both internal structural weaknesses and US sanctions,
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7294:'s first term, but the two countries were nevertheless unable to reach their ambitious goals. Obama made his first official visit to Turkey at
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1195:. Tensions arose in the region and led to a show of naval force from the Soviets after Turkey would not submit to the Soviet Union's requests.
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removed from NATO technology acquisitions. The source of the deterioration was not limited to the military, as evident in the dispute over the
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Michael Robert Hickok, “Hegemon Rising: The Gap Between Turkish Strategy and Military Modernization,” Parameters, vol. 30, no. 2, Summer 2000.
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Mark Parris remarked: “Whatever the merits of this argument, the Obama administration, by scheduling the visit, have decisively rejected it.”
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neutral but constructive position because civil war and sectarian conflicts would threaten Turkey's security. Eventually war broke and Syria (
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was the year that shaped the coming decades in Turkey–US relations. According to Davutoglu, Obama’s responses to the breach of his red lines (
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Karaosmanoglu, A. (2000) The Evolution of the National Security Culture and the Military in Turkey. Journal of International Affairs, 54, (1)
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The following histogram shows the percentage of Turks that viewed the United States favorably according to the PEW Global Attitudes Survey:
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2467:. Iraq was a safe haven for PKK. The Iraqi Kurds were organized under the PUK and KDP, who later cooperated with American forces during the
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370:, 2023, Turkey has been a key partner for U.S. policy in the surrounding region. Turkey partnered with the US for security in Afghanistan (
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Olson, Robert W., Nurhan Ince, and Nuhan Ince. "Turkish Foreign Policy from 1923-1960: Kemalism and Its Legacy, a Review and a Critique."
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The Turkish government had a generally warm relationship with the Trump administration, backing the Trump administration's stance against
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reported that U.S. ejects Turkey from F-35 fighter jet program in the sign of worsening ties between Pentagon following Syria, Iraq wars.
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Turkey got serious about acquiring a missile defense system early in the first Obama administration. Turkey put up a bid, which included
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The arms embargo was silently removed a few years later with the contribution of the geopolitical changes in the Middle East like the
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Sevil Kucukkosum, “Missile diplomacy latest test for US-NATO-Turk ties,” Hurriyet Daily News & Economic Review, October 21, 2010.
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that were allocated to the defense of Turkey were removed on 16 August 2015 Turkey's lack of air defense system became an issue when
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for the normalization of diplomatic ties between the two states. The U.S. responded positively with a statement from the office of
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10370:"President Obama: "The future of Syria must be determined by its people, but President Bashar al-Assad is standing in their way.""
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6047:' predecessors (TAI). The United States and Turkey signed an FMS contract in 2009 for 30 F-16 Block 50s to be co-produced by TAI.
331:, in which the nascent institution was developed using the aid given by the US. In the coming years, Turkey became a front as the
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Claude Nicolet, "The Development of US Plans for the Resolution of the Cyprus Conflict in 1964:'The Limits of American Power'."
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Turkey reportedly wanted to purchase drone aircraft from the United States to assist in its counterterrorism efforts against the
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Turkish bases and transport corridors have been used heavily for military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya as of 2011.
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief, February 8, 2019, page i (summary), Congressional Research Service
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to train militants. Turkey and Syria nearly engaged in war when Turkey threatened military action if Syria continued to shelter
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1206:, former Turkish Ambassador to Washington (2nd Ambassador of Turkey to the United States), back to Istanbul with the battleship
870:, Turkey declared: “We do not consider the ambassador a representative of the United States” which was a step short of being an
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decided to end the F-35 deal by July 31, 2019, as a result of Turkey, as a NATO partner, purchasing S400 missiles from Russia.
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since the list's inception in 1979 and deems it to be a “safe haven” for terrorists. Turkey condemned Syria for supporting the
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In January 1995, a consensus had emerged by among Turkey's political elite that the country's security depended on remaining a
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 40, Congressional Research Service
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region and in sharing military technology to expand and increase the self-sufficiency of their respective defense industries.
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agreed to Cuba's request to place nuclear missiles on the island to deter a future invasion. An agreement was reached between
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges, April 8, 2011, page 37 Congressional Research Service
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5199:, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the influence of third party actors like Turkey "troubling" at the
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4 September 2016, exchanges on the coup: Obama "the US had no advance knowledge of last week's failed coup attempt in Turkey"
2941:) returned to Russia. Instead of the US partnering with Turkey, leaving Turkey to the Russia's help for the NNWS will affect
1948:
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Thomas A. Bryson, 'Tars, Turks, and Tankers: The Role of the United States Navy in the Middle East,' Scarecrow Press, Inc.,
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June 27–30, 2004, Ankara and Istanbul, President of Turkey Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of the United States George W. Bush
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2003: Turkish Parliament denies invasion (ground forces) of Iraq from Turkey and permits use of Turkish bases for overflight
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which the US has been operating since 1969. In short couple years, Turkey saw shifting NATO powers to its western neighbor.
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aimed at overthrowing the capitalist government of Turkey and replacing with a communist or socialist society. According to
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5457:, so by the virtue of its strategic position has the power to mediate between the parties on various issues of contention.
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exchange gold for Iranian oil (Turkey oil trading controversy), offered evidence and became Mueller's key for Flynn in the
4251:(PKK). On 8 December 2020, the House of Representatives approved a sanctions package against Turkey due to its purchase of
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on Iraq was presented to Cheney. In December 2002, Turkey moved approximately 15,000 soldiers to its border with Iraq. The
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4931:, attempted to free Brunson. The Turkish government said the post-coup crackdown was not just on Gulen movement but also (
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of "siding with coup plotters" after Votel accused the Turkish government of arresting the Pentagon's contacts in Turkey.
3127:. In 2015, U.S. senators called for humanitarian safe zones in Syria, Obama administration declined. In 2016, during the
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Turkish President Gül later referred to the visit as “evidence of a vital partnership between Turkey and the US,” whilst
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1183:. After World War II, Turkey was pressured by the Soviet government to allow Russian shipping to pass freely through the
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14085:. "The Importance of Trust Building in Foreign Policy, a Case Study: The Trajectory of the Turkish-American Relations."
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12063:"Special counsel probing whether Michael Flynn was part of alleged plot to kidnap cleric for Turkey - report - CBS News"
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Jim Zanotti, Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief, February 8, 2019, page 13, Congressional Research Service
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08/24/16, Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara, Prime Minister of Turkey Binali Yıldırım, Vice President of the United States Joe Biden
7147:
July 20–22, 1991, Ankara and Istanbul, President of Turkey Turgut Özal, President of the United States George H. W. Bush
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is a lobby that works on behalf of the Turkish government to promote the nation's interests with the US government. The
4951:, the former Treasury official under Obama, said: "It's certainly the first time I can think of" the U.S. sanctioning a
825:. Another breakpoint had risen in 2016. Caused by the belief among most Turkish citizens that America had a hand in the
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The U.S. - Turkish- NATO- Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets
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On the same time, relations between Turkey and the United States also worsened after the Turkish government hosted two
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During his Ankara visit, Obama urged Turkey to come to terms with its past and resolve its Armenian issues. During the
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The Turkish government openly threatened Syria over its support for the PKK. Turkey claimed that Syria employed former
523:
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in the Middle East, Turkey supported the US in some capacity directly or indirectly by giving use authorization of the
182:
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4979:, tweeted that the US is losing Turkey, and that the entire Turkish public is against U.S. policies. In addition, the
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effectively prevented the opposition from winning the elections. Turkey held the first multi-party elections in 1946.
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6718:(TCA) is an educational, congressional advocacy, and charitable organization that was incorporated in February 2007.
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pledged to bring the resolution to a full vote, but pressure from the White House and Turkey kept her from doing so.
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1827:. It is known since as the “Johnson letter.” The most important point was NATO would be reluctant to defend Turkey.
1022:
957:
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288:, caused a response from the Soviet Union in the form of increased communist influence in Turkey. In 1964, President
210:
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defined Turkey’s geo-strategic location as the "proximity to the great natural resources." In the coming US engaged
12595:
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Turkey-Ukraine close ties was a response to mutual interests in countering Russian influence (they are also part of
4457:
October 23, 2019, Trump withdraws U.S. troops from Syrian-Turkish border to southeastern Syria for Turkey to set up
3334:, "The Obama Doctorine: The U.S. president talks through his hardest decisions about America’s role in the world.",
2574:. The bid was rejected partly due to defeating the dependency problem. Turkey's build-own-transfer approach failed.
343:, US has an interest in keeping Turkey anchored to the Euro-Atlantic community. During cold war, U.S. supported the
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12169:"Is Turkish religious scholar Fethullah Gulen funding his movement abroad through U.S. charter schools? - CBS News"
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April 6–7, 2009, Ankara and Istanbul, President of Turkey Abdullah Gül, President of the United States Barack Obama
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2965:, Mehmet Hakan Atilla, was arrested by the US government for conspiring to evade sanctions against Iran by helping
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11/15/99, Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara, President of Turkey Süleyman Demirel, President of the United States Bill Clinton
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On February 5, 2020, the US halted a secretive military intelligence cooperation program with Turkey against the
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12596:"The Crisis in Turkish-Israeli Relations: What is its Strategic Significance? | Middle East Policy Council"
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8327:"Notice on the Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in and in Relation to Syria"
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published pictures of agents and trucks, and was later sentenced for ″leaking secret information of the state″.
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11894:. October 27, 2019 – via Official Twitter Account of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Defence.
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called for a new U.S. approach to the "autocrat" President Erdoğan and support for Turkish opposition parties.
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2933:". Turkey did not fall into the Iranian situation. The whole operation is Russian built, owned, and operated (
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signed five years after the Tehran Deal. Instead of Turkey-Brazil of the "Tehran Deal" the pact signed between
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problem. By 1989 the United States had recovered a generally positive image among the Turkish political elite.
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More than 100 (classified) US-built missiles having the capability to strike Moscow with nuclear warheads were
644:
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published an op-ed by Flynn stating that US ally Turkey was in crisis and needed US support on the day of the
1940:
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in Turkey to the US base at Peshawar airport by pilot Glen Dunaway. Fuel for the aircraft had been ferried to
924:, Turkish-American relations sank to their lowest in over 40 years in October 2017. Turkey moved to establish
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poll shows that 85% of Turkish people are dissatisfied with the way the US president, Joe Biden, is handling
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Subsequently, doubts were raised by a number of international policy analysts that military sanctions on the
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A Turkish stamp for the 150th anniversary of American Independence, with depictions of the Turkish president
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7356:
in Ankara. During the closed-door meeting, they discussed the pledging of further Turkish support troops to
7201:, Washington, D.C., Vice President of the United States Mike Pence, Prime Minister of Turkey Binali Yıldırım
6856:
3115:" with Turkey in northern Syria to accommodate refugees and reduce the number of civilian casualties. Gen.
1926:
pressure from farmers who claimed lost revenue and nationalists who claimed the program was imposed. During
1921:
is the policy of a global campaign to reduce the illegal drug trade in the United States. Turkey signed the
16140:
16025:
15738:
15728:
15723:
15642:
15632:
15591:
15586:
15581:
15576:
15571:
15555:
15545:
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15530:
15504:
15437:
15393:
15388:
15378:
15362:
15337:
15157:
15137:
15117:
15014:
14977:
14972:
14952:
14891:
14875:
14870:
14855:
14809:
14764:
14754:
14558:
14548:
14399:
14189:
14143:
Uslu, Nasuh. "Turkey's relationship with the United States 1960-1975". (PhD Diss. Durham University, 1994)
14003:
The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey and Greece
9587:
7857:
US Congressional Research Service, Turkey (Türkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context
7447:
6715:
6563:
6044:
5544:
5152:
4928:
3318:
3248:
3128:
2069:
1994:
overthrowing the capitalist government of Turkey and replacing them with communist or socialist societies.
1912:
1624:
1362:. In support of the US' overall Cold War strategy, Turkey contributed to the United Nations forces in the
1328:
1088:
1081:
1035:
810:
724:
13155:
12675:
11674:"Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed"
10470:
9851:
9702:
9652:
9602:
3092:
1558:. In the 1950s and 1960s, Turkey generally cooperated with other United States allies in the Middle East (
17860:
15937:
15733:
15692:
15657:
15647:
15611:
15606:
15596:
15550:
15509:
15432:
15427:
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15312:
15255:
15122:
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15086:
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14942:
14932:
14834:
14829:
14799:
14784:
14703:
14664:
14513:
13615:
13010:"Turkish leader claims US bases in Greece pose direct 'threat' amid spat with Athens over NATO expansion"
12577:
12150:
11602:
10579:"ISIS In Turkey: US Orders Diplomats, Military Dependents To Leave Over Security, Islamic State Concerns"
10288:
10242:
7427:
7208:, Washington, D.C., President of the United States Donald Trump, President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5798:
4248:
3658:
3045:
2906:
2878:
2866:
2482:'s only trip abroad in his first three years at the office was a four-day trip to Ankara. Prime Minister
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2078:
1551:
961:
814:
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546:
507:
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where Turkish authorities have influence, the secure transport of troops and equipment from the port of
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2247:
into law, providing for military assistance to Iraqi opposition groups, which included the PUK and KDP.
1809:
18148:
17953:
16135:
16003:
15822:
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15702:
15662:
15652:
15472:
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15127:
15029:
14967:
14937:
14912:
14865:
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14819:
14774:
14738:
9944:
8952:
7467:
6036:
5802:
5683:
5450:
5423:
5367:
4414:
4383:
4288:
4198:. Chinese air defense was the winning system in 2013. In 2015, Turkey reversed its position to acquire
3989:
3831:
3737:
2930:
2911:
2496:
2405:
2292:
1960:
1956:
933:
818:
13341:“Procurement, Turkey,” Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment - Eastern Mediterranean, December 16, 2010.
13174:
12545:
12454:"Turkey vows to defend domestic steel, aluminum exporters against additional US tariffs - Latest News"
12041:
9288:
China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace
3689:
On April 22, 2009, shortly after Obama's visit, Turkish and Armenian authorities formally announced a
3033:
used by both U.S. and NATO forces for operations in the region. Turkey had opposed the appointment of
18102:
16201:
16030:
16020:
15442:
15410:
15405:
15332:
15147:
15019:
14987:
14957:
14718:
13927:
Coufoudakis, Van. "Turkey and the United States: The Problems and Prospects of a Post-War Alliance."
13428:"US Arms Embargo against Turkey – after 30 Years, An Institutional Approach towards US Policy Making"
12490:"Municipality in Turkish capital Ankara stops issuing licenses to major US food brands - Turkey News"
9922:
8573:
8516:
Barın Kayaoğlu, "Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52."
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7269:
6763:
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5502:
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3217:
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NFZs also enabled a safe haven for PKK. Turkey performed cross-border operations into northern Iraq:
2191:
2148:
2131:
1604:
1513:
1058:
840:
482:
Grantee on Turkish control (Bosporus and Dardanelles straits) over Soviet access to the Mediterranean
395:
13663:"Turkey–U.S. Relations: How to Proceed after Obama? | The German Marshall Fund of the United States"
12661:"Saudi Arabia will financially sponsor Armenian Genocide resolution in U.S. | www.aravot-en.am"
9375:
4783:
4734:. Trial testimony indicated foreign customer was interested in classified government information on
3740:, was the "mastermind" behind the coup attempt in Turkey. In late July 2016, Turkish prime minister
2105:
President George H. W. Bush and President Turgut Özal take a cruise on the Bosphorus (July 21, 1991)
16008:
14523:
14518:
14430:
14151:
The Cyprus question as an issue of Turkish foreign policy and Turkish-American relations, 1959-2003
11035:"'Tell Your Boss': Recording Is Seen to Link Saudi Crown Prince More Strongly to Khashoggi Killing"
9441:
7482:
7314:
5764:
5619:
4924:
4769:, began probing whether Michael Flynn was part of an alleged plot to kidnap the cleric for Turkey.
3252:
wrote that the US sent weapons shipments to FSA-identified groups through a CIA program for years.
2899:
2786:
2432:
2424:
2195:
2136:
2017:
1679:
1231:
1021:
and barred from approaching new NATO technological development, Turkey was excluded from the joint
14472:
10970:
9490:
6100:
5931:
4275:
Syrian Civil War (Clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence, Refugees, Pull-out, Barisha raid)
1316:
18082:
17905:
16042:
15986:
14596:
14328:
14015:
Laipson, Ellen B. "Cyprus: A Quarter Century of U.S. Diplomacy." in John T.A. Koumouljdes,(ed.),
13952:
Kara, Mehtap (2022). "Turkish-American strategic partnership: is Turkey still a faithful ally?".
13438:
13156:"F-16s for Turkey aren't a done deal until these lawmakers say it's OK. And they're not sold yet"
11777:"Former Obama national security adviser Susan Rice outraged by US withdrawal from northern Syria"
10074:
Yilmaz N. and Ustun, K. (2011). ―Turkey's policy towards Syria is a success.― Al Jazeera Opinion.
8871:
7321:
relationship. This is not an ordinary relationship, it's a prototype and unique relationship.” A
6782:
6523:
in the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in a delay of a full House vote on Resolution 106. Speaker
6499:
6082:
had "precluded Turkish access to computer systems and software modification previously allowed".
5955:
4983:
decided to stop running digital advertisement on United States-based social media platforms like
4648:
4519:
4391:
4268:
4055:, Turkey, and was perpetrated by agents of the Saudi Arabian government. Government officials of
4048:
4009:
In December 2017, US national security advisor General H.R. McMaster said that Turkey had joined
3405:
3170:
3021:
2922:
2821:
2538:
2428:
2217:
2205:
2086:
1839:
NATO Allies have not had a chance to consider whether they have an obligation to protect Turkey.
1642:
issued a very detailed press release noting that an aircraft had "gone missing" north of Turkey.
1600:
1492:
1014:
410:), conflicts in the above-mentioned countries have affected relations between the two countries.
242:
140:
14170:
Yilmaz, Şuhnaz. "Challenging the stereotypes: Turkish–American relations in the inter-war era."
10930:
10766:
Dişli, Fatma (April 25, 2009). "Turkey makes last-minute move to placate Obama administration".
10500:"Kurdish victory in Kobani defeat for Turkish policy – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East"
9937:"Turkish Banker Arrested For Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses"
9243:
9079:
9001:
8238:"Growing US military presence in Greece can lead to undesired scenarios in Aegean, experts warn"
7338:
7103:
7079:
7049:
5397:
5289:
5248:
5236:
5037:
3795:
3741:
2962:
1506:
1312:
782:
324:
125:
16054:
15991:
14038:
13359:
9261:
8941:
U.S. Embassy Damascus (Eagleton) to Secretary of State, No. 00319, NA, RG 59, N-111. Quoted in
7894:
7457:
6876:
since October 12, 1927. Turkey has maintained many high-level contacts with the United States.
6545:
6055:
5651:
5186:
4755:
4719:
s conclusion on the issue ("concerned a country other than Russia (i.e., Turkey)") on page 183.
4155:
3969:
3953:
Due to perceptions that former US Secretary of State and Democratic Party presidential nominee
3714:
a consensus with Armenia and set a roadmap” and “there is no need now to damage this process”.
3388:
2801:
2637:
plot (trials) is controversial. The investigation claimed to study an organization compared to
2178:
1944:
1789:
1296:
1172:
929:
737:
253:
144:
14158:
The Turkish-American relationship between 1947 and 2003: The history of a distinctive alliance
12400:"US changing strategic NATO partner with pastor, Turkish President Erdoğan says - Turkey News"
12349:
5203:. In a letter to Secretary of State Pompeo, Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking member
4742:, and likely terrorist links that might be turned up by Turkey's investigations of the cleric.
4631:. Flynn called for the US to back Erdoğan's government and alleged that the regime's opponent
4433:
for restrictions on citizens of seven (first executive order) or six (second executive order)
3101:
3005:
173:, (1940-1945), the oil set to become increasingly important for American interests. President
14467:
14364:
14130:
Trask, Roger R. "The" Terrible Turk" and Turkish-American Relations in the Interwar Period."
11205:
9323:
9051:
8838:
8831:
8373:
6575:
Turkey does not currently have any international schools operating within the United States.
6009:
5110:
4418:
3973:
3654:
3653:
The Gaza flotilla raid was a military operation by Israel against six civilian ships of the "
3224:
3034:
2946:
2755:
2520:
2492:
2468:
2223:
1608:
1554:(CENTO) collective defense pact established in 1955, and endorsed the principles of the 1957
1108:
1104:
202:
174:
14477:
11520:"What awaits Turkey-US relations under Biden administration: Eastern Mediterranean question"
9171:
7184:, President of the United States Barack Obama, Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
4817:
4114:
3976:, and condemning restrictions placed on Trump's social media accounts as "digital fascism".
3573:" was primarily conceived as a reform and renewal project for the declining Ottoman Empire (
2379:
793:
mediated tensions between Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Israeli Prime Minister
18186:
18127:
18044:
17968:
17329:
14590:
13687:
Aslan, Ali H. (May 2, 2009). "Parris: 'Genocide' reference would have frozen Turkey ties".
12782:"Secretary Michael R. Pompeo With Erick Erickson of The Erick Erickson Show on WSB Atlanta"
11891:
11575:"Erdogan's bodyguards in violent clash with protesters in Washington, leaving nine injured"
10876:"President Obama says claims the U.S. knew about Turkey coup attempt 'unequivocally false'"
10647:
9196:
8942:
7291:
6505:
6001:
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5794:
5632:
5571:
5099:
5087:
4916:
4878:
4624:
4252:
4203:
4044:
4003:
3481:
1914, Obama, Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL Ret. Gen.
3437:
3182:
2475:
2073:
1719:
1694:
1207:
1148:
359:
13590:
12987:"Statement by President Biden on Trilateral Agreement Between Turkey, Finland, and Sweden"
10912:
10643:
10345:"Trump ends covert CIA program to arm anti-Assad rebels in Syria, a move sought by Moscow"
8817:"The American Geopolitical Interests and Turkey on the Eve of the September 12, 1980 Coup"
8158:"CAATSA Section 231 "Imposition of Sanctions on Turkish Presidency of Defense Industries""
7345:
6968:
5106:
4407:
4130:
3030:
1532:
887:
479:
Stationed and based troops and equipment for defensive and intelligence-gathering purposes
8:
18117:
18049:
17978:
17963:
17900:
14058:
https://orbeli.am/en/post/483/2020-06-29/The+Controversy+of+Ankara-Washington+under+Trump
11999:
11678:
11303:"US relays concern to Turkey after NATO ally makes deposit to buy Russian defense system"
8602:
8472:
6725:
is a United States Security Assistance Organization working on issues related to Turkey.
6623:
poll of whether U.S. influence "in the world is 'mostly positive' or 'mostly negative'."
6585:
5913:
5666:
5401:
5382:
5373:
5274:
5114:
5095:
4960:
4655:("Crossfire Razor" - a counterintelligence investigation on Flynn) was taken over by the
4230:
4140:
4072:
4038:
3694:
3616:
3590:
3560:
3306:
3124:
2244:
2081:
program to provide economic assistance to Turkey. Furthermore, the United States, unlike
1991:
1964:
1635:
1555:
1070:
941:
771:
648:
531:
336:
7414:
In November 2019, Erdogan visited the White House and held meetings with U.S. President
7137:, President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson, Prime Minister of Turkey İsmet İnönü
7042:
6975:
6702:
5129:. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan described the killing by Israel as "barbaric".
5027:. In addition, Turkey decided to increase tariffs on imports of a range of US products,
2264:
18064:
16157:
16037:
15947:
14583:
14323:
13969:
13563:
13092:"Blinken welcomes statements by Armenia and Turkey to appoint envoys for normalization"
12337:
11654:
11039:
9733:
9683:
9633:
9286:
Atatüre, Süha (2023). "The US and China as Main Powers in Multipolar World Order 2.0".
8986:
8917:
8117:"Turkish minister says U.S. may send Patriot systems to Turkey to use in Syria's Idlib"
7710:
7194:, President of the United States Donald Trump, President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5736:
5553:
announced that the U.S. supports the normalization process between Armenia and Turkey.
5468:
5345:
5122:
5040:, Erdogan: How Turkey Sees the Crisis With the U.S. (Aug. 10, 2018), The New York Times
4976:
3701:
3564:
3515:
3293:
3178:
2842:
2553:
2548:
declared the incident as the sign of "crisis of confidence" between the US and Turkey.
2500:
2409:
2271:
governments made efforts to cultivate relations with the administrations of presidents
2260:
2182:
2044:
1813:
1737:
1454:
1203:
1154:
798:
794:
550:
511:
391:
246:
234:
108:
11963:"Trump claims 'breakthrough' on Syria, lifts sanctions on Turkey: 'We're getting out'"
11259:
10084:
7372:, and the pro-Kurdish terrorists operating in south-eastern Turkey and northern Iraq.
7317:
7130:, President of Turkey Celal Bayar, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower
7127:
6983:
6864:
5809:. Counter-Guerrilla's existence in Turkey was revealed in 1973 by then-prime minister
4735:
4632:
4613:
3586:
3453:
3376:
2615:
2321:
1788:
tried to prevent a Turkish invasion of Cyprus and war between them. American diplomat
1393:
836:
18059:
14462:
14457:
14447:
14435:
14099:
Seydi, SÜleyman. “Turkish—American Relations and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1957-63.”
14067:
14048:. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976. Vol. 29. Washington, D.C.:
13973:
12418:"Turkish municipality strikes at social media giants as response to US - Turkey News"
12133:"Trump transition aide Bijan Kian played key role in Flynn's Turkish work - CBS News"
9894:
9889:
9873:
9868:
9802:
9797:
9737:
9687:
9637:
9305:
9295:
8956:
8921:
8842:
8720:"US PRESIDENT L.B. JOHNSON'S LETTER OF 1964 AND ITS IMPACT ON TURKISH PUBLIC OPINION"
8577:
8486:
8476:
8458:
8263:"Opinion: Biden's recognition of Armenian genocide reflects dispensability of Turkey"
7572:
7432:
7164:, President of the United States Bill Clinton, President of Turkey Ahmet Necdet Sezer
7154:, President of the United States Bill Clinton, Prime Minister of Turkey Bülent Ecevit
7144:, President of the United States Jimmy Carter, Prime Minister of Turkey Bülent Ecevit
6773:
6620:
6520:
5997:
5951:
5859:
5782:
5778:
5744:
5577:
5253:
5190:
5156:
4846:
4603:
4403:
4227:
4181:
4144:
4013:
as a prime source of funding that contributes to the spread of extremist ideology of
3429:
3394:
3162:
3136:
3112:
3111:, 90,000 of whom are in camps. In September 2012, Turkey asked from US to establish "
3071:
2766:
2638:
2272:
2162:
during the conflict. Just before the war, Chief of the Turkish General Staff General
2065:
2057:
2028:
1849:
1781:
1702:
1686:
1616:
1593:
1050:
945:
925:
883:
871:
801:, some neoconservatives have called for Turkey's expulsion from NATO. Tom Rogan from
657:
535:
363:
289:
194:
12324:
Partington, Richard; correspondent, Richard Partington Economics (August 10, 2018).
12306:
11802:"Pat Robertson: Trump could risk 'losing the mandate of heaven' with Syria decision"
11762:
11536:"The S-400 Knot in U.S.-Turkey Relations: Assessing the Viability of U.S. Sanctions"
10946:"'Erdogan should be very, very worried': What the Biden presidency means for Turkey"
10800:
8004:
5485:
5329:, "Interview Transcript: Joe Biden Says Age Is Just a Number - The New York Times",
5058:
4940:
4739:
3958:
2595:
656:
values, empathy towards the enemies and development of countering values to prevent
603:
Goal: Achieve stability and a reduced threat of terrorism from Iraq and Afghanistan
386:. Turkey contributes(ed) to international security alongside U.S. forces in Europe (
18039:
18008:
17988:
17983:
14354:
14338:
14184:
13961:
13751:
13689:
11945:"U.S.'s Bolton says Turkey must not attack Kurdish fighters once U.S. leaves Syria"
11669:
10785:
10768:
10751:
10734:
10328:
Barrile, Andrea (June 28, 2016). "Che fine fanno le armi USA ai ribelli siriani?".
9837:
9725:
9717:
9675:
9667:
9625:
9617:
9582:
9511:
8944:
8909:
8798:
7614:
7547:
6952:
5993:
5756:
5160:
4537:
4434:
4426:
4399:
3961:, many Erdoğan supporters reportedly favored Republican Party presidential nominee
3441:
3331:
3302:
3174:
3116:
2938:
2774:
2770:
2642:
2545:
2508:
2455:
2436:
2032:
1796:, president of Cyprus, difficult to deal with, as he commonly rejected the advice.
1733:
1475:
1126:
879:
717:
445:, and the partnership worsened from ambivalent allies of the 2010s to antagonists.
428:
After 1780, the United States began relations with North African countries and the
14194:
14165:
Turkish-American Relations, 1800-1952: Between the Stars, Stripes and the Crescent
14082:
13965:
12578:"US Criticizes Turkey for Hosting Hamas Leaders | Voice of America - English"
8369:"US shoots down armed Turkish drone after it came too close to US troops in Syria"
7003:
5810:
4980:
4680:
2483:
2413:
2085:
countries, did not persistently and publicly criticize Turkey over allegations of
1662:
18162:
18054:
18034:
18003:
17998:
17973:
17958:
17843:
16066:
16049:
15870:
14573:
14333:
14204:
14199:
14056:
Simavoryan, Arestakes. (2020). The Controversy of Ankara-Washington under Trump.
14036:
13827:
12629:
11981:"Turkish prosecutor falsely claimed Morton I. Abramowitz was former CIA director"
11645:
10542:"Erdogan hits Obama for backing 'terrorist' Kurds after U.S. envoy visits Kobani"
10304:"Syrian Rebel Groups Merge To Take On Assad In Dera'a, But Deep Divisions Remain"
9721:
9671:
9621:
8913:
7398:
7174:, President of the United States George W. Bush, President of Turkey Abdullah Gül
6767:
5989:
5675:
4779:
4670:
4430:
4195:
4173:
4101:
3954:
3544:
3285:
3277:
3253:
3199:
3097:
2926:
2838:
2793:
2599:
2390:
2211:
1800:
1773:
1706:
1582:) regarded as Soviet clients. Throughout the Cold War, Turkey was the bulwark of
1512:
Turkey received $ 111 million in economic and military aid and the U.S. sent the
1431:
1404:
1400:
1367:
1307:
1222:
1216:
but also to demonstrate that the US was defending Turkey against Soviet threats.
1199:
1184:
1176:
802:
403:
265:
257:
186:
163:
116:
13775:"Joint Press Conference by President Obama and Prime Minister Erdogan of Turkey"
12615:"Biden generally favored abroad aside from Israel-Gaza war handling, poll finds"
11995:"Washington Post: Turkish evidence for Gulen extradition pre-dates coup attempt"
11856:"Exclusive: Baghdadi's aide was key to his capture - Iraqi intelligence sources"
11552:"Russia calls U.S. sanctions against Turkey over S-400 system illegitimate -Ifx"
10676:
9403:
9229:
8092:"Pentagon, State Department envoy clash over sending Patriot missiles to Turkey"
8055:"Exclusive: U.S. halts secretive drone program with Turkey over Syria incursion"
7682:
7650:
Embassy to the Eastern Courts: America's Secret First Pivot Toward Asia, 1832–37
7029:
4339:
2610:, and tolerance and peace, inspired by the religious teachings of Sunni cleric (
2386:
2268:
347:, as Turkey would be aligned with European norms and standards in many domains.
18018:
17993:
16152:
16015:
15911:
14578:
14384:
14064:
The Other Missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957-1963
12837:
10456:
10272:
9752:"The End of Deference: Iran, Brazil and Turkey and the Nuclear Fuel Swap (ARI)"
8625:
The Other Missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957-1963
8290:
7899:
7442:
7053:
7025:
6999:
6836:
6792:
6539:
6005:
5895:
5877:
5550:
5480:
5243:
In October 2021, in the wake of the appeal for the release of Turkish activist
5232:
5164:
5138:
5083:
4944:
4904:
4809:
4766:
4714:
4686:
4636:
3842:
3704:
3600:
3582:
3556:
3261:
3239:
2970:
2874:
2762:
2235:
2231:
2163:
2090:
1757:
1741:
1711:
1698:
1340:
1041:
863:
806:
692:
561:
539:
527:
429:
399:
156:
148:
13884:
Strategic Relations between the US and Turkey 1979-2000: Sleeping with a Tiger
12695:"Trump administration rejects Senate resolution recognizing Armenian genocide"
12660:
11838:"C.I.A. Got Tip on al-Baghdadi's Location From Arrest of a Wife and a Courier"
11650:"Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS'"
11188:
11171:
9309:
9172:"CNN.com - U.S. wants $ 228 million for Turkish peacekeepers - March 19, 2002"
8895:"The PKK problem: Explaining Turkey's failure to develop a political solution"
8802:
7551:
2877:
signaled a change and opened the way for nuclear talks. On April 2, 2015, the
2504:
in parliament. On March 11, Abdullah Gul resigned as Turkey's Prime Minister.
2061:
1447:
626:
direct involvement of Turkish non-combat troops (in Afghanistan) and trainers.
18196:
18174:
18097:
18013:
16253:
14300:
14259:
14211:
13366:
13058:
12932:
12634:
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan branded the Israeli action "barbaric".
12151:"Exclusive: U.S. investigators in Russia probe look at role of Flynn partner"
12042:"FBI docs suggest agents prepared to close Flynn case — then reversed course"
11641:
9967:
9328:
8501:
7986:
7437:
7330:
5781:
is the branch of the operation. The operation's founding goal was to erect a
5642:
The US exports of goods and services to Turkey involved 68,000 jobs in 2015.
5208:
5118:
5016:
5008:
4956:
4948:
4770:
4754:"Turkey Project:" Flynn's materially false statements and omissions tried at
4748:
4666:
4525:
4233:
had warned Turkey that such a deal with Russia risks undermining its ties to
3482:
3449:
3166:
2811:
2623:
2607:
2558:
2401:
2317:
2313:
1881:
1749:
1483:
1462:
1192:
937:
920:
577:
206:
97:
63:
8786:
8490:
7535:
7365:
7290:
Relations between Turkey and the United States markedly improved during the
6515:
In late 2007, Turkey recalled its ambassador to the United States after the
5586:
5492:
4659:(May 17, 2017). Flynn was part of Mueller's special counsel investigation.
4241:
over Turkey's decision to buy the S-400 missile defense system from Russia.
3728:
3669:
It was Turkey that set the course for terminating the alliance with Israel.
3206:
3049:
2533:
strongly condemned by the Turkey's newspapers and referred to Americans as "
1674:
557:) claimed that the administration could not obtain Congressional approval."
143:
in December 1943 and Turkey's entrance into World War II on the side of the
100:
16271:
14677:
14442:
14144:
13989:
The AKP's Foreign Policy, Turkey's Reorientation from the West to the East?
12564:"Mike Pompeo urges Turkey to maintain the status of Hagia Sophia as museum"
12081:"Man Accused in U.S. Iran Sanctions Case Reported Working With Prosecutors"
11637:
11060:
9380:
9028:
8638:
7739:
7415:
7099:
7075:
6979:
6814:
6777:
6593:
6524:
6072:
5786:
5608:
5592:
5321:
defeat Erdogan. Not by a coup, not by a coup, but by the electoral process.
5244:
5204:
5068:
4900:
4824:
4617:
4593:
4495:
4480:
4292:
4068:
4030:
3999:
3962:
3746:
3732:, a Turkish pro-government newspaper, claimed that the former commander of
3723:
3522:
3486:
3445:
3335:
3265:
3257:
3153:
3131:, Merkel asked the same question. Obama said Syrian safe zones won't work.
3056:
called the PKK a terrorist group "plain and simple" and compared it to the
2991:
2777:
2759:
2276:
2240:
2140:
2013:
1998:
1918:
1793:
1628:
1612:
1597:
1300:
1000:
The situation is set to deteriorate significantly after the passage of the
867:
844:
790:
453:
From 1952 to 1991, the relationship premised on a “mutuality of benefits”.
437:
re-established with the Ottoman Empire's successor state, Turkey, in 1927.
433:
423:
309:
304:). The negative Amarican sentiment used in developing a new left movement (
297:
238:
198:
170:
136:
10933:. Harvard Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy. October 29, 2016.
10646:[From today on, nothing is anymore as it used to be] (in German).
10025:"Joe Biden Says the PKK and the Islamic State Are Equal Threats to Turkey"
9818:"Zvi Bar'el / Iran's women defeat Ahmadinejad's 'legal prostitution' bill"
7782:
5710:
5650:
For the Anatolian Falcon 2012 joint exercises, the United States sent the
5464:
thanked Turkey for the Finland-Sweden-Turkey trilateral memorandum at the
4647:, headed a "vast global network" that fit "the description of a dangerous
4528:: Trump is “in danger of losing the mandate of heaven” over Syria decision
4504:
3041:
in Denmark until Obama assured a Turk would be one of Rasmussen deputies.
1955:, claiming it was protecting the safety of Turkish Cypriots following the
821:
against ISIL was on 15 June 2014, five months before Turkey performed the
18092:
16130:
16125:
15942:
13889:
11056:"Jamal Khashoggi death: give us the facts, western countries tell Saudis"
10287:
Carter, Chelsea J.; Brumfield, Ben; Mazloumsaki, Sara (October 6, 2014).
10053:
7505:
7357:
7353:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7181:
7171:
7161:
7151:
7141:
7134:
7107:
7083:
7068:
7057:
7033:
7007:
6492:
5772:
5760:
5728:
5679:
5405:
5215:
5196:
5064:
5024:
4690:
4569:
4395:
4063:
3310:
3269:
2966:
2529:
2479:
2147:
flying over southern Turkey for an aerial refueling meeting point during
2024:
1975:
1824:
1587:
1458:
1380:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1005:
875:
383:
285:
178:
147:
in February 1945. Later that year, Turkey became a charter member of the
18157:
14135:
14104:
14077:
10216:. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. 2014. Archived from
9983:"Gold trader Zarrab will be star witness in Iran sanction-busting trial"
9348:
2848:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010
2332:
on February 15, 1999, while being transferred from the Greek embassy to
2009:
1714:, which had been deployed in Turkey and Italy against the Soviet Union.
932:(25 March 2018 – 9 August 2019) against the YPG. Turkey established the
320:
16145:
14369:
14125:
The United States response to Turkish nationalism and reform, 1914-1939
13922:
13129:"U.S. suggested Turkey transfer Russian-made missile system to Ukraine"
12764:"Turkey's Erdogan blames US, Russia and France for helping arm Armenia"
12720:"Democrats warn Turkey over involvement in Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict"
12249:"Christian Groups Denounce Detention of US Protestant Pastor in Turkey"
12095:"Flynn juggled Trump campaign role with foreign lobbying, jurors told."
11445:"Turkey will retaliate if U.S. imposes sanctions over S-400s: minister"
10710:
9729:
9679:
9629:
9108:"Globalizing Torture: CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition"
8668:
8570:
The U-2 Spyplane: Toward the Unknown – A New History of the Early Years
5695:
5532:
5417:
5170:
4932:
4842:
4774:
4731:
4510:
3631:
3570:
3203:
3145:
3044:
The U.S. Secretary of State's report also contained information on the
2917:
Why were Turkey and Brazil involved in the Iranian Nuclear issues? The
2534:
2525:
1885:
1384:
1363:
1158:
911:
903:
706:
519:
13111:"Menendez maintains hold on Turkey F-16 jets despite Sweden NATO deal"
12947:"Turkey and U.S. will coordinate response to Ukraine war, Ankara says"
12833:"Turkish President Steps Back From Expulsions of 10 Western Diplomats"
10471:
Once a top booster, ex-U.S. envoy no longer backs arming Syrian rebels
10104:"NATO Commander: Russia uses Syrian refugees as 'weapon' against West"
9472:"Why Russia may control Turkey's nuclear energy for the next 80 years"
9002:"Leaked cables point to vital, volatile U.S. relationship with Turkey"
6470:
2003: U.S. detain Turkish special forces troops in Suleimaniyah, Iraq.
5189:, with sponsors from Saudi Arabia, issued official recognition of the
4923:
which gave the instruction for detention and deportation of Brunson.”
4803:
4635:, who is a Pennsylvania-based opposition cleric and the leader of the
3722:
In a speech on July 29, 2016, President Erdoğan accused CENTCOM chief
3370:
December 1, 2015: President Obama delivers remarks on Syrian Civil War
2305:(PKK), which is listed as a terrorist organization internationally by
892:
2017 clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
16096:
14008:
Laipson, Helen. "US Policy towards Greece and Turkey since 1974." in
13704:"Davutoğlu expects Obama message to Muslims to change 'atmosphere'".
13250:"EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Italy Discloses Its Web Of Cold War Guerrillas"
13248:
Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special to The New York (November 16, 1990).
11874:"'Türkiye'nin Yakaladığı Yardımcısı Bağdadi'nin Akıbetini Belirledi'"
11274:"Russia didn't give downed jet's flight plan to U.S.: U.S. officials"
9291:
9084:
9056:
8462:
8172:"U.S. Sanctions Turkey over purchase of Russian S-400 missile system"
6597:
6458:
1954: United States and Turkey sign first status of forces agreement.
5829:(OSCE), and continue to cooperate in important projects, such as the
5790:
5520:
5512:
5461:
5453:
was achieved by Turkey as it regulates access to the Straits through
5438:
5409:
5331:
5326:
5313:
5298:
5126:
5020:
4992:
4869:
4033:
3791:
3772:
3697:
3410:
Constitution of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
3235:
3053:
2634:
1753:
1355:
1188:
1046:
121:
14037:
Miller, James E.; Douglas E. Selvage; Laurie Van Hook, eds. (2007).
13991:
Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2013. ISBN 9 783865 737199.
11409:"Turkey preparing for possible U.S. sanctions over S-400s: minister"
11081:
11054:
McKernan, Bethan; Wintour, Patrick; Swaine, Jon (October 21, 2018).
10971:"Turkey backs Trump stance on Antifa, asks for same on YPG in Syria"
10858:"Turkish PM: coup suspects' testimony points to Gülen's involvement"
9910:
Trust and Flexibility: A Brazilian View of the Fuel Swap with Iran’’
9817:
9766:
Trust and Flexibility: A Brazilian View of the Fuel Swap with Iran’’
6752:
Turkish Centre for International Relations & Strategic Analysis:
5015:
decided not to issue business licenses to American brands including
4079:
3825:
374:), and serves as NATO’s vital eastern-southern anchor, controlling (
221:
on 14 May 1948. Turkey in March 1949 and the US on January 31, 1949
18122:
13941:
Howard, Harry N. "The bicentennial in American-Turkish relations."
12878:"Turkey slams Biden's past call for U.S. to back Erdogan opponents"
11699:
11391:"US starts withdrawing Turkey from F-35 programme over Russia deal"
10805:
10801:"Turkey's Erdoğan to drop lawsuits against people who insulted him"
10681:
9564:"Turkey-US relations are strained as Erdogan arrives in Washington"
9408:
9127:"WikiLeaks cables: Turkey let US use airbase for rendition flights"
8874:. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. September 29, 1998
8549:
Koc, Nurgün (2017). "Affects of Marshall Plan on Turkish Economy".
8530:
Koc, Nurgün (2017). "Affects of Marshall Plan on Turkish Economy".
8402:
8389:"Erdogan vows to intensify strikes on Kurd fighters in Iraq, Syria"
7568:
Outposts and Allies: U.S. Army Logistics in the Cold War, 1945-1953
7361:
7303:
7299:
6096:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5718:
5357:
4984:
4935:) links to Kurdish militants and terror coming from Islamic State.
4694:
4188:
4052:
4014:
3709:
3657:" on 31 May 2010 in international waters in the Mediterranean Sea.
3243:
3052:
and the July 27, 2008, attack on Güngören. In 2016, Vice President
2961:
canceled the sanctions in question. In March 2017, the deputy head
2953:
2325:
2155:
1620:
1120:
829:. It was compounded by the fact that its suspected ringleader, the
700:
684:
379:
190:
11588:
10996:"Erdogan: Turkey won't yield to pressure from social media giants"
10529:
U.S. general told Syria's YPG: 'You have got to change your brand'
9509:"US says anti-terror cooperation key in partnership with Turkey".
8143:
7858:
6078:
Alleged cable leaks highlighted Turkish concerns that upgrades to
4604:
Gülen Movement (extradition - Flynn - Brunson - Visa & Tariff)
4217:
India agreed to pay more than $ 5 billion for five S-400 squadrons
4187:
on 24 November 2015. Turkey stated it has the right to defend its
3550:
3072:
Syrian Civil War (territorial integrity, safe zone, Rat Line, YPG)
1648:
448:
14390:
Clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
13488:
12931:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
12436:"Turkey to retaliate against Trump's metal tariffs - Latest News"
11021:"US Official Accuses Turkey of Pushing Extreme Islamist Ideology"
10840:"US Commander Campbell: The man behind the failed coup in Turkey"
10136:"Obama Says Syria Safe Zones Won't Work as Merkel Backs the Idea"
9436:
8745:"Turks Lift Ban on Poppy Culture Imposed in 1971 at U.S. Request"
8500:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
7473:
Clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
6464:
1999: PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan captured MIT/Pentagon operation;
5528:
5091:
5000:
4996:
4380:
clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
4297:
Clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
3682:
2831:
2827:
2571:
2512:
guarantees, which caused Turkey's stock market to plunge by 12%.
2337:
1439:
222:
133:
The Republic of Turkey (Türkiye) and the United States of America
13994:
Kuniholm, Bruce R. "Turkey and NATO: Past, Present and Future,"
13749:"Top US commander discussed Afghanistan, Iraq in Turkey talks".
12546:"Turkey detains two men over shooting at U.S. embassy in Ankara"
8034:"US bombs its own military base in Syria to 'reduce usefulness'"
5260:
5067:: “We urge the Government of Turkey to continue to maintain the
4725:
4104:
in Gaziantep, which were removed on 16 August two months before
3140:
ground and committed roughly 100 planes to provide air coverage.
2564:
2154:
President Özal supported the United States' position during the
2101:
1823:
On June 5, 1964, President LBJ sent a letter to Turkish Premier
1476:
Marshall Plan (economic recovery & industrial modernization)
1127:
Soviet Union (Straits crisis, Truman Doctrine, Korean war, NATO)
1099:
292:
disclosed the reluctance among Western powers to defend Turkey (
284:). At the same time, the geopolitical strategic foreign policy,
14659:
14249:
13517:"120 American Charter Schools and One Secretive Turkish Cleric"
12816:
9835:"Religious freedoms in Turkey curbed by hard-line secularism".
7402:
7295:
7122:
Since the relations established there were 15 official visits.
6944:
6662:
5623:
U.S. trade deficit (in billions, goods only) by country in 2014
5012:
5004:
4988:
4442:
4056:
3639:
2144:
2096:
2082:
2064:
government generally perceived the administration of President
1952:
1817:
1761:
1567:
1563:
1018:
936:. On Aug 10, 2018, Trump tweeted that he would double tariffs (
856:
565:
256:
of 1945 developed over requested Russian military bases in the
52:
14111:
Entangled Allies: U.S. Policy Toward Greece, Turkey and Cyprus
13719:"Model partnership with US necessity rather than preference".
13585:
13583:
13581:
13074:
Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict
13028:"Statement by President Joe Biden on Armenian Remembrance Day"
11820:"Trump Could Lose Evangelical Support Over Turkey-Kurds Issue"
7982:"Relations between Turkey and America are near breaking point"
7677:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7018:
6992:
6606:
5082:
leaders, in a move that was believed to be in response to the
4612:, Turkey demanded that the United States government extradite
3305:. On the one-year anniversary of Obama's red line speech, the
2023:
NATO support manifested in the establishment of a clandestine
1959:. The Turkish military occupied the northern third of Cyprus (
1665:
and the Anniversary of the Republic. Recorded in October 1963.
1319:
envisioned a multi-party-based system. However, Turkey was a "
560:
The US actively supported Turkey's membership bid to join the
17895:
16113:
13772:
13469:
13467:
13465:
13463:
13461:
13459:
13225:
13223:
13221:
12528:"Opinion | Erdogan: How Turkey Sees the Crisis With the U.S."
11470:"US House of Representatives Adopts Sanctions against Turkey"
10913:"Turkey probes senator, ex-CIA director over links to cleric"
10822:"America's Friends Get Arrested in Turkey's Post-Coup Purges"
10561:"The Former U.S. ISIS Envoy on Trump and the Crisis in Syria"
8073:"U.N. in talks with Turkey to boost Syria aid amid offensive"
7794:
7792:
7683:"Neither Friend nor Foe: The Future of U.S.-Turkey Relations"
5105:
On September 6, 2024, Turkish-American human rights activist
5079:
4386:
and a crowd of protesters, some of whom carried flags of the
4010:
3643:
3301:
Obama used the "red line" on August 20, 2012, in relation to
2886:
2619:
2611:
2427:, Turkey participated at one point or another with the CIA's
2400:
Turkey had remained a close ally of the United States in the
2329:
2006:
1865:
1631:
1579:
1571:
830:
663:
571:
317:
13337:
13335:
12896:"Turkey Summons US Envoy Flake After Istanbul Rally Warning"
12383:"WTO says Trump's steel tariffs violated global trade rules"
12307:"Trump doubles metal tariffs on Turkey as lira falls by 20%"
11920:"The US is "committed" to staying in Syria — to protect oil"
10895:"CIA Chief Hedges When Asked if U.S. Saw Turkey Coup Coming"
10380:
8663:
H. W. Brands Jr, "America enters the Cyprus tangle, 1964."
5305:): “I look forward to meeting with you the next five years.”
4616:, a cleric and Turkish national living in the U.S. state of
2945:
by prolonging Turkey's dependence on Russian energy, beyond
2351:
1366:(1950–53). On October 19, 1950, with more than 4,500 troops
751:
Determined to destroy 'Terror Corridor' (autonomous region)
647:) and Turkish Foreign Minister Feridun Sinirlioglu (right) (
13910:
Brands, H.W., Jr. "America Enters the Cyprus Tangle 1964,"
13874:
The United States and Military Coups in Turkey and Pakistan
13578:
12509:"Turkey escalates trade dispute with US by raising tariffs"
12326:"Turkey's economic crisis deepens as Trump doubles tariffs"
11335:"U.S. Backs Patriot Missile Sale to Turkey in Breakthrough"
10749:"Turkey and Armenia expect gradual normalization in ties".
8192:"Why the U.S. ejected Turkey from F-35 fighter jet program"
8176:
7924:"How Trump Can Stop Erdoğan from Playing the United States"
7718:
7668:
6530:
6461:
1980: US–Turkey Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement.
6067:
5822:
5793:
in Turkey. Counter-Guerrilla initially operated out of the
5768:
5465:
5296:): “to take this opportunity to wish you the best of luck.”
4952:
4513:: White House is leaving its Kurdish allies "to the wolves"
4271:
would likely hold off on sanctions to normalize relations.
4264:
4234:
4199:
3457:
2882:
2835:
2002:
1804:
1756:
organisation, began an armed campaign in support of ending
1745:
1690:
1661:
President John F. Kennedy addressing the Turkish people on
1639:
1583:
1575:
1559:
1545:
833:
712:
Turkey denied opening of US ground front (northern front).
390:), and the seas bordering Somalia. Turkey borders Georgia (
366:, which the United States recognized in 2021. According to
328:
313:
14405:
Criminal investigations into the Eric Adams administration
13734:"Wexler urges US to positively 'channel' Turkey's value".
13542:"72 percent of Turkish citizens see US as security threat"
13456:
13218:
13054:"Erdogan slams Biden's recognition of Armenian 'genocide'"
12860:"Biden and Turkey's President Erdogan meet at NATO summit"
11082:
Adam Edelman & F. Brinley Bruton (November 21, 2018).
10286:
9912:, The Washington Quarterly 34, no. 2 (Spring 2011): p. 64.
9768:, The Washington Quarterly 34, no. 2 (Spring 2011): p. 61.
9145:"CNN.com - Turkish military backs war plan - Mar. 5, 2003"
8155:
7789:
5251:
ordered his foreign minister to declare the US ambassador
3440:
in July 2017, the SDF (established October 10, 2015) is a
2812:
Iran (nuclear deal, arms embargo, oil trading controversy)
2628:
conflict between the Turkish government the Gülen movement
989:
744:
in 2019 against YPG which Turkey accepts as the branch of
135:
established diplomatic relations in 1927. Relations after
13332:
12472:"Erdoğan says Turkey will boycott US electronic products"
12394:
12392:
12264:"United States and Turkey mutually suspend visa services"
11906:"Trump says he's a "big fan" of Turkey strongman Erdogan"
11606:
10118:"U.S. senators call for humanitarian safe zones in Syria"
10002:
9373:
8291:"Russia may face US army at some point in South Caucasus"
7834:"Turkey Determined to Destroy 'Terror Corridor' in Syria"
6051:
6013:
5493:
Armenia (Genocide Recognition, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict)
5340:
4451:
2345:
2121:
1027:
14195:
Recommendations for Strengthening U.S.-Turkish Relations
14029:
Magalhaes, Margaux. "Congress and US-Turkey relations."
9244:"CNN.com - Turkish PM quits for Erdogan - Mar. 11, 2003"
8341:"Ankara bombers likely arrived from Syria by paraglider"
7633:"Turkey is the largest and most controversial candidate"
5988:
Turkey hosts U.S. controlled nuclear weapons as part of
5763:" operation of armed resistance that was planned by the
4467:
Trump: "I order the withdrawal of all troops from Syria"
1522:
12647:"US, Greece Sign Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement"
12323:
11321:"Turkey Signs Russian Missile Deal, Pivoting From NATO"
10931:"Why post-coup Turkey is suspicious of Hillary Clinton"
9526:"Turkey can always count on America, say US senators".
6570:
5709:(ISAF) in Afghanistan twice since its inception. 2,000
5538:
5455:
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits
5364:
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits
4849:
prepare for a joint press conference in Ankara, Turkey.
4222:
On July 31, 2019, the United States decided to end the
3717:
2789:). They were seen as the advent of a new era. However,
2385:
July 2003 Turkish Deputy Minister and Foreign Minister
1634:
followed, which carried the ground crew, mission pilot
1175:
developed over requested Russian military bases in the
1002:
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
709:" was perceived as an act of U.S. hostility in Turkey.
620:
use of Turkish bases and territory for cargo transport,
277:
14539:
Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research
13311:
13309:
12812:"Turkey to declare 10 ambassadors 'persona non grata'"
12389:
11763:"US envoy Brett McGurk quits over Trump Syria pullout"
10783:
Sami, Kohen (April 25, 2009). "Road map is OK, but…".
5629:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
5222:
4258:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
4137:
Turkey paid $ 1.4 billion for procuring F-35A aircraft
4121:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
3543:
Obama administration did not respond to the idea that
2435:
revealed the involvement of the Incirlik airbase in a
1963:), dividing the island along what became known as the
1611:
deep into Soviet territory. On April 28, 1960, a U.S.
1350:
strategy at the beginning of the Korean War to defend
996:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
568:
through its diplomatic missions in EU capital cities.
518:
After participating with United Nations forces in the
356:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
18146:
12945:
Gumrukcu, Tuvan; Fincher, Christina (March 5, 2022).
12289:"US sanctions Turkish officials over detained pastor"
11496:"The United States Sanctions Turkey Under CAATSA 231"
11260:"Turkey's downing of Russian warplane – what we know"
11053:
10612:"Into the Quagmire: Turkey's Frustrated Syria Policy"
10594:"Into the Quagmire: Turkey's Frustrated Syria Policy"
9703:"Turkey's Role in Defusing the Iranian Nuclear Issue"
9653:"Turkey's Role in Defusing the Iranian Nuclear Issue"
9603:"Turkey's Role in Defusing the Iranian Nuclear Issue"
9374:
Howard, Michael; Goldenberg, Suzanne (July 8, 2003).
8833:
Spoils of War: The Human Cost of America's Arms Trade
7872:"Turkey's Erdogan: Barack Obama deceived us over PKK"
5627:
The United States and Turkey are both members in the
4572:: "Turkey, agree to protect America's Kurdish allies"
4200:
China’s FD-2000 long-range air defense missile system
3037:
as NATO secretary general due to his approach to the
2952:
Before November 2013 US-led nuclear sanctions passed
2254:
1816:
as a non-partitioned independent state separate from
14529:
Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans
13917:
Camp, Glen D. "Greek-Turkish Conflict over Cyprus."
13484:"Turkey recalls ambassador over genocide resolution"
13388:"U.S. Maintains Full Control of Turkish-Based Radar"
13360:"SECRETARY OF DEFENSE GATES'S MEETINGS WITH TURKISH"
13241:
12016:"Our ally Turkey is in crisis and needs our support"
11636:
11369:"Russia's S-400: An offer US partners should refuse"
11101:"U.S., Germany to pull Patriot missiles from Turkey"
11047:
10289:"Vice President Joe Biden apologises to Turkey, UAE"
8209:"Greece to extend base access deal with US military"
5827:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
5171:
Armenia (Genocide Recognition, Nagorno-Karabakh War)
4907:
was charged with terrorism and espionage during the
3672:
3196:
National Intelligence Organisation scandal in Turkey
3161:
Beginning in 2012, Turkey and the US supported the "
2929:
and Turkey signed a construction agreement for the "
2050:
2038:
1967:
monitored by the United Nations, defying ceasefire.
1114:
1013:" and consequently imposed restrictions against the
293:
13936:
Studies in Atatürk's Turkey: the American dimension
13306:
13201:"U.S. pilots plant SEAD with Turkish counterparts."
12630:"UN calls for full inquiry into West Bank shooting"
12544:Toksabay, Ece; Karadeniz, Tulay (August 20, 2018).
12224:"US sanctions Turkey over Pastor Brunson detention"
12057:
12055:
11427:"Erdogan: No step back from S-400 deal with Russia"
11349:"US warns of sanctions as Turkey gets Russian S400"
10629:"The Davutoğlu Doctrine and Turkish Foreign Policy"
9996:Al Lawati, Abbas; Ebrahim, Nadeen (June 29, 2022).
9578:"Turkey to face pressure over US nukes on its soil"
5789:invasion. The goal was soon expanded to subverting
5698:in 1950–53 and in missions in Somalia, Kosovo, and
3849:
3834:: "Officials were well aware of sizable opposition"
2919:
Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency
2649:
2641:. Accused were claimed to be the "deep state." The
2068:as sympathetic to Turkish interests. At this time,
14415:United States recognition of the Armenian genocide
12187:"Turkish Islamic preacher - threat or benefactor?"
11151:"US, Turkey continue talks to settle F-35 dispute"
10043:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9459:
8830:
8355:"Turkey destroying NE Syria oil, power facilities"
8203:
8201:
7765:"U.S. and Turkey to Create Fund to Stem Extremism"
7592:Times, Special to The New York (January 7, 1969).
7478:United States recognition of the Armenian genocide
7327:The United States and Turkey: A Model Partnership,
5694:Turkey participated with the United States in the
5556:
5535:, in which Turkey has supported the Azerbaijanis.
5499:United States recognition of the Armenian genocide
5435:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
5247:signed by 10 Western countries, Turkish president
4417:in the 2010s was characterized by high numbers of
4043:and former general manager and editor-in-chief of
3965:in the United States' 2016 presidential election.
3577:) in the 19th century. Ottomanism did not prevent
3292:), "From Obama to Trump: Lessons and challenges",
2949:. It was a critical disconnect among NATO allies.
2856:U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom
1986:In the coming years, Turkey became a front as the
1727:
281:
264:, which prompted the United States to declare the
17928:
14296:Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations
13929:JPMS: Journal of Political and Military Sociology
12543:
11621:"Trump says he will order 'safe zones' for Syria"
11189:"Turkish F-35s & Pilots training at Luke AFB"
10085:"Turkey: Risk worth taking for Syrian safe zones"
8947:; Timothy Naftali; Robert Wolfe (April 4, 2005).
8892:
8305:"US completes joint military exercise in Armenia"
7502:"Growth in United Nations membership (1945–2005)"
6512:, which caused a strain on US–Turkish relations.
5821:The United States and Turkey share membership in
5519:Presidential candidate and former Vice President
5155:recommended “US needs to develop alternatives to
4947:, who were involved in the detention of Brunson.
4281:American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War
4080:Air Defense System (Patriot — S-400, F35, CAATSA)
2630:is a major Turkey–United States relations issue.
300:created a backlash when farmers lost their jobs (
151:. Since 1945, both countries advanced ties under
18194:
14291:Consulate General of the United States, Istanbul
14185:U.S. Department of State Background Note: Turkey
14046:Eastern Europe; Eastern Mediterranean, 1969–1972
13898:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
13853:"Erdogan at White House for meetings with Trump"
13292:Türkiye'deki gizli ordunun adı kontr gerilladır.
13276:"Savcı, Ergenekon'u Kenan Evren'e sormalı asıl!"
12052:
11668:
11523:Duvar English (Turkey's own independent gazette)
11200:
11198:
11117:
11027:
10268:"Joe Biden Is the Only Honest Man in Washington"
9995:
9088:(published November 28, 2010). December 30, 2004
8982:"U.S. Helped Turkey Find and Capture Kurd Rebel"
7886:
7779:"US, Turkey unveil new fund to thwart terrorism"
5743:during a Turkish-American naval exercise in the
5358:Russo-Ukrainian War (Grain Deal, NATO expansion)
5312:In August 2020, Democratic presidential nominee
5147:October 5, 2019: Greece Mutual Defense Agreement
5086:, in which Israel normalized relations with the
4071:rejected the CIA's conclusion that Crown Prince
3190:Libya to Syria." While the Obama administration
3187:House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
3121:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
2263:of the United States. For that reason, both the
1934:
1669:
695:resigned to prevent Turkey's active engagement.
514:arrive in Ankara for signing of the Baghdad pack
14375:2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack
13982:Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition 1950-1974
12944:
11601:Almasy, Steve; Simon, Darran (March 30, 2017).
11362:
11360:
11358:
11148:
11120:"Turkey To Order 4 More F-35s, 5 More Chinooks"
10581:. International Business Times. March 29, 2016.
10386:
9456:
8872:"Kurdish Agreement Signals New U.S. Commitment"
8590:
8277:"Biden Needs to Act to Block Zangezur Corridor"
8198:
8020:"What do US sanctions on Turkey mean for NATO?"
7812:"Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun"
7652:(Annapolis: Naval Institute, 2015. xvi, 236 pp.
6943:The Embassy of the United States is located in
6071:given continued cost inflation on the program.
6054:before its request was denied. Turkey produced
4939:Treasury imposed sanctions on Justice minister
4285:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
3575:Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
3551:Palestine (Davos incident - Gaza flotilla raid)
3107:Between 2011 and 2012, Turkey absorbed 120,000
2998:2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack
2443:
2194:'s relief operations before being succeeded by
1649:Kennedy and Johnson administrations (1961–1969)
449:Strategic partnership during Cold War (1946–91)
274:United States Security Assistance Organizations
237:, and the second dimension was the fate of the
13934:Harris, George Sellers, and Bilge Criss, eds.
13900:, Subcommittee on Europe and Emerging Threats.
13773:Office of the Press Secretary (May 16, 2013).
13595:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project
11246:"Flashpoints in U.S.-Turkey Relations in 2021"
11183:
11181:
11166:
11164:
9998:"How Erdogan's Turkey became NATO's wild card"
9779:"Turkey says not time to raise Iran sanctions"
9316:
8787:"Anti-Americanism in Turkey: Past and Present"
8695:"No 'Johnson letter' today | eKathimerini.com"
8599:"The U-2 Program: A Russian Officer Remembers"
7558:
7536:"Anti-Americanism in Turkey: Past and Present"
7504:. United Nations. July 3, 2006. Archived from
7329:chaired by Head of the Subcommittee on Europe
5958:, which has played a critical role during the
5654:to train with Turkish pilots in the operation
5549:On December 15, 2021, U.S. Secretary of State
5113:(IDF) sniper during a protest against illegal
4596:: 'breakthrough' on Syria, Sanctions on Turkey
3063:
2188:United Nations Security Council Resolution 688
2072:(TAI) was established and it started to build
1899:Oval Office discussion on US-Turkish Relations
16236:
14642:
14232:
13247:
13181:. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
12972:
12970:
12968:
12921:
12919:
12917:
11878:Amerika'nin Sesi | Voice of America - Turkish
11603:"A timeline of President Trump's travel bans"
11220:"Turkish F-35 Jets Await Their Ultimate Fate"
11195:
10706:"Turkey, Armenia are likely to ease conflict"
10173:MI6, the CIA and Turkey's rogue game in Syria
10041:
9546:"From Obama to Trump: Lessons and challenges"
9539:
9537:
9060:(published November 28, 2010). March 25, 2005
7976:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7571:. Susquehanna University Press. p. 198.
6789:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
6747:International Strategic Research Organization
6697:
5595:opposed to the sale of F-16s early and often.
5261:Election (2023 Turkish presidential election)
3467:American intervention in the Syrian civil war
2826:In May 2009, after parliamentary debates in
2633:Gülen movement's possible involvement in the
2589:
2565:Russia (Dependence on Gas and Nuclear Energy)
643:: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (left) (
526:in 1952. The second-largest army belongs to
472:Security guarantees against the Soviet Union.
225:recognized Israel. On the other hand, at the
14380:2013 United States embassy bombing in Ankara
14012:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1991) pp. 164–182.
13318:"U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Turkey Raise Alarm"
12507:Graham, Chris; Rees, Tom (August 15, 2018).
12007:
11355:
10732:"Turkey and Armenia move to ease tensions".
10725:
10703:
10659:
9504:
9502:
9500:
8727:The Journal of International Social Research
8232:
8230:
8049:
8047:
7337:After Obama's visit, Turkish Prime Minister
6958:
6851:
6536:Bursa American College for Girls (1854–1928)
6085:
5474:
4382:broke out on May 16, 2017, between Turkey's
4047:, occurred on October 2, 2018, at the Saudi
3979:
3012:2013 United States embassy bombing in Ankara
2175:Turkey received heavy Iraqi Kurdish refugees
2097:George H. W. Bush administration (1989–1993)
1586:'s southeastern flank and directly bordered
1360:Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)
1333:Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey
851:'s (the Gülen movement) purges and arrests (
691:Chief of the Turkish General Staff, General
485:Turkish co-belligerency in case of an attack
305:
14534:Federation of Turkish American Associations
14113:(Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992).
13090:Ghazanchyan, Siranush (December 15, 2021).
13089:
11692:
11600:
11288:"Turkey Chooses Chinese Air Defense System"
11178:
11161:
11095:
11093:
10776:
10759:
10409:
10343:Jaffe, Greg; Entous, Adam (July 19, 2017).
10342:
9963:"Iran's Turkish connection – Golden squeal"
9369:
9367:
9344:"Musul ve Kerkük'ün tapu bilgisi Ankara'da"
9224:
9222:
9024:"WikiLeaks US embassy cables: live updates"
8979:
8512:
8510:
8005:"US summons Turkey envoy for embassy brawl"
7853:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7609:
7607:
6443:
4959:) on Turkish steel and aluminum using the "
4921:Directorate General of Migration Management
4020:
3347:Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war
3085:) impacted Turkey more directly than other
1615:C spy plane, Article 358, was ferried from
940:) on Turkish steel and aluminum using the "
623:possible (control-distribution) arms sales,
17842:
16243:
16229:
15869:
14649:
14635:
14286:Ambassadors of the United States to Turkey
14281:Ambassadors of Turkey to the United States
14239:
14225:
13797:"Syria to top Erdogan's Washington agenda"
13697:
13680:
13403:"NATO Activates Radar in Turkey Next Week"
12965:
12914:
12506:
12108:"Trump adviser linked to Turkish lobbying"
10742:
10697:
10669:
10414:. National Geographic News. Archived from
9828:
9534:
8017:
7999:
7997:
7961:
7696:
7694:
7692:
6801:Turkish University & Special programs
5132:
4423:refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey
3152:), In Syria, America Had No Good Options,
2016:decoded the organization as a part of the
1981:
1866:Nixon and Ford administrations (1969–1977)
1325:one-party period of the Republic of Turkey
952:. From October 9 to October 17, 2019, the
664:Deterioration of the strategic partnership
572:Strategic partnership during War on Terror
545:Turkey was one of the founding members of
14569:Assembly of Turkish American Associations
13742:
13727:
13712:
13514:
13169:
13167:
13165:
12526:Erdogan, Recep Tayyip (August 10, 2018).
12243:
12241:
12239:
12237:
12013:
11695:"House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal"
11206:"Turkey's F-35As are kept inside hangars"
9519:
9497:
9470:Gergiieva, Valeriia (February 21, 2023).
9469:
9376:"US arrest of soldiers infuriates Turkey"
8227:
8044:
7940:
6498:The 1978 American semi-biographical film
6039:is growing. Turkey's 240 Lockheed Martin
6022:
3408:on ethnic and religious-sectarian lines,
3264:, National Security Adviser to President
2352:George W. Bush administration (2001–2009)
1799:The Americans secretly talked to General
1746:National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters
1570:) to contain the influence of countries (
1323:single-party state" (the correct term is
1107:, and the president of the United States
1009:2020, the US listed Turkey as America's "
345:accession of Turkey to the European Union
18213:Bilateral relations of the United States
14087:Review of International Law and Politics
14050:United States Government Printing Office
13954:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
13794:
13626:
12673:
11830:
11090:
10558:
10436:
10321:
10243:"Can Dündar ve Erdem Gül'e hapis cezası"
9923:"Radioactive waste management in Turkey"
9890:"Turkey welcomes Iran nuclear agreement"
9869:"Turkey welcomes Iran nuclear agreement"
9798:"Turkey welcomes Iran nuclear agreement"
9570:
9364:
9219:
8692:
8561:
8507:
8089:
7943:"Its time expel turkey western alliance"
7844:
7604:
7594:"KOMER'S CAR BURNED BY TURKISH LEFTISTS"
7494:
7379:
6863:
6855:
6701:
6653:
6531:American international schools in Turkey
6486:
6026:
5723:
5665:
5618:
5294:2024 United States presidential election
5226:
5142:
4629:2016 United States presidential election
3485:, and Deputy Special Presidential Envoy
3434:United States Special Operations Command
3091:
2905:
2860:
2447:
2299:U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism
2135:
2100:
1988:political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
1673:
1652:
1546:Soviet Union (NATO, CENTO, U-2 incident)
1181:Soviet territorial claims against Turkey
1098:
895:
633:
495:
432:. In the early 1800s, the US fought the
333:political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
262:Soviet territorial claims against Turkey
115:
16270:
14676:
14617:Category:Turkey–United States relations
14564:American Turkish Friendship Association
14308:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
14010:The Greek-Turkish Conflict in the 1990s
13828:"Could Turkey-Israel hiatus be ending?"
12627:
12525:
11746:
11632:
11630:
11300:
10892:
10327:
10207:"HPSCI January 2014 Update on Benghazi"
10155:"In Syria, America Had No Good Options"
9285:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8639:"The Putin Interviews (Party 2 - 2:10)"
7994:
7806:
7804:
7689:
6846:
5707:International Security Assistance Force
5688:International Security Assistance Force
5580:F-16C Falcon needs upgrading since 2016
5523:demanded that Turkey "stay out" of the
5214:On 15 October 2020, Secretary of State
4653:Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)
3509:2015 November, Obama on countering ISIL
3382:Actors involved in the Syrian civil war
3150:United States National Security Advisor
2804:) and acceptance of the coup in Egypt (
2418:International Security Assistance Force
990:From strategic partnership to adversary
823:January 2014 Turkish airstrike in Syria
227:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
18195:
16259:Foreign relations of the United States
14499:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
14116:Thomas, Lewis V. and Frye, Richard N.
13790:
13788:
13768:
13766:
13764:
13762:
13162:
13108:
13007:
12674:Menendez, Robert (December 12, 2019).
12628:McNamee, Michael (September 7, 2024).
12234:
11973:
11749:"The Man Who Couldn't Take It Anymore"
11371:. U.S. Defense Department. defensenews
11366:
11023:. Voice of America. December 13, 2017.
10644:"Ab heute ist nichts mehr, wie es war"
10641:
10056:from the original on December 11, 2022
9700:
9650:
9600:
9207:from the original on December 16, 2004
9016:
8828:
8714:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8567:
8453:
8451:
8449:
8447:
8445:
8443:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8018:Gatopoulos, Alex (December 12, 2020).
7941:Carpenter, Ted Galen (July 19, 2019).
7615:"U.S. Relations With Turkey (Türkiye)"
7564:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7523:
6860:Embassy of the United States in Ankara
6080:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcons
6041:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcons
5954:, an important operations base of the
5836:
5801:(STK). In 1967, it was renamed to the
4970:Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
3418:Russian military intervention in Syria
2869:signed five years after "Tehran Deal."
2602:based on moral values and advocacy of
2122:Iraq (Gulf War and Northern Safe Zone)
1287:1952: Politics, economy & industry
1270:1949: Politics, economy & industry
950:Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
420:Ottoman Empire–United States relations
354:Over the 2020s, Turkey was listed in "
217:, was terminated by the result of the
106:Chargé d'affaires ad interim to Turkey
17927:
17841:
16269:
16224:
15968:
15868:
14675:
14630:
14220:
14118:The United States and Turkey and Iran
14096:(Council on Foreign Relations, 1987).
13825:
13686:
13273:
12752:from the original on October 5, 2020.
12730:from the original on October 4, 2020.
12692:
12365:"The US-Turkey trade spat, explained"
12362:
12206:"The US-Turkey trade spat, explained"
12203:
11572:
10943:
10765:
10510:from the original on February 1, 2015
10301:
10101:
9543:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9052:"Cable 05ANKARA1730_a: TURKEY ADRIFT"
8784:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8411:
7921:
7591:
7533:
7409:
7375:
7350:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
7323:US House Committee on Foreign Affairs
7212:
6868:Embassy of Turkey in Washington, D.C.
6804:US University & Special programs
6706:4th Annual Turkic American Convention
6517:US House Committee on Foreign Affairs
6510:Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code
6482:
6043:were co-produced in Turkey by one of
5945:USA facilities (old & current )
5645:
5614:
5336:"Joe Biden Says Age Is Just a Number"
4657:Mueller special counsel investigation
2782:
1831:Washington, June 5, 1964, 12:15 a.m.
1697:of 1961 and the presence of American
1523:Eisenhower administration (1953–1961)
1004:, with an amendment added by Senator
866:. On October 10, 2016, in regards to
14483:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
13998:(Summer 1983 27#2, pp. 421–445.
13951:
13515:Beauchamp, Scott (August 12, 2014).
13315:
12830:
12612:
12261:
11693:O'Brien, Connor (October 16, 2019).
11672:; DeYoung, Karen (January 6, 2019).
11627:
11301:Daniels, Jeff (September 12, 2017).
11252:
11149:Gareth Jennings (January 24, 2023).
11118:Burak Ege Bekdil (January 7, 2015).
10944:Turak, Natasha (December 31, 2020).
10819:
10782:
10609:
10591:
10559:Chotiner, Isaac (October 19, 2019).
10437:Goldberg, Jeffrey (March 10, 2016).
10152:
9488:
9124:
8994:
8773:
8693:Moumtzis, Sakis (January 11, 2023).
8457:
8090:SELIGMAN, LARA (February 28, 2020).
7892:
7801:
6723:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
6571:Turkish schools in the United States
6473:2011: "Operation Unified Protector”.
5539:Armenia–Turkey normalization process
5048:
3718:Gülen movement (coup d'état attempt)
3700:following a phone conversation with
3272:, decided to terminate the program.
2818:United States sanctions against Iran
2561:was executed 21 – 29 February 2008.
2543:Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
2506:Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
2465:a number of states and organizations
2453:Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
2307:a number of states and organizations
2282:
1951:), on July 20, 1974, Turkey invaded
1550:Turkey was a founding member of the
976:zone which held more than 3,000,000
874:. The response came on May 16, 2017
564:and frequently lobbied on behalf of
270:Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
85:Embassy of the United States, Ankara
17676:Greater Republic of Central America
17671:Federal Republic of Central America
13785:
13759:
11130:from the original on August 9, 2023
10042:Daniel Dombey (February 15, 2012).
9888:Gul, Abdullah (November 25, 2013).
9887:
9867:Gul, Abdullah (November 25, 2013).
9866:
9796:Gul, Abdullah (November 25, 2013).
9795:
8902:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
8705:
8548:
8529:
8156:Office of the Spokesperson (2023).
7520:
7370:withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq
7221:
6615:Results of 2017 BBC World Service:
6477:
6092:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
5983:
5759:is the codename for a clandestine "
5751:
5661:
5639:deficit was $ 143 million in 2018.
5223:Biden administration (2021–present)
4178:2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
4160:2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
4106:2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
2334:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
1978:could have a chance in the region.
1923:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1701:in Italy and Turkey, Soviet leader
1623:the previous day in a US Air Force
1237:1947: Recommendation for assistance
1075:October 2023 Northern Syria clashes
219:Israeli Declaration of Independence
80:Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.
13:
14544:Turkish American Cultural Alliance
14509:Turkish lobby in the United States
14504:2010 FIBA World Championship final
14276:Embassy of Turkey, Washington D.C.
13894:The State of U.S.-Turkey Relations
13866:
13826:Girit, Selin (December 18, 2015).
13564:"What Does The World Think of Us?"
13492:. October 11, 2007. Archived from
13135:. Reuters. Reuters. March 19, 2022
12831:Gall, Carlota (October 25, 2021).
12693:Kelly, Laura (December 17, 2019).
12083:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
12039:
11208:. Mavi Savunma. December 28, 2023.
10677:"Turkey and Armenia set 'roadmap'"
10457:"US-Turkey: The strained alliance"
10330:International Business Times Italy
10045:"Turkey-US harmony has its limits"
9440:. October 17, 2007. Archived from
9404:"Turkish MPs back attacks in Iraq"
9272:
8467:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
8408:
7893:WALT, STEPHEN M. (June 15, 2010).
7343:Chief of the Turkish General Staff
6712:Turkish lobby in the United States
6590:negative view of the United States
6578:
5950:Since 1954, Turkey has hosted the
5303:2023 Turkish presidential election
5267:2023 Turkish presidential election
4546:US “committed” to staying in Syria
4390:(a left-wing Syrian branch of the
2984:Terrorist attacks on US facilities
2976:
2959:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
2598:is a self-described transnational
2342:National Intelligence Organization
2255:Clinton administration (1993–2001)
2110:environment. Turkey supported the
2089:, nor did it pressure Özal on the
974:Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)
524:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
183:Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement
14:
18224:
14554:Turkish Women's League of America
14178:
14120:(Harvard University Press, 1951).
11500:United States Department of State
11367:Bowman, Bradley (July 23, 2019).
10893:Paletta, Damian (July 20, 2016).
10389:"What, exactly, is a 'red line'?"
9852:"US threat on Turkey arms sales."
9476:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
9262:"Turkish military backs war plan"
9230:"Turkey upsets US military plans"
8980:Weiner, Tim (February 20, 1999).
8819:, CTAD, Vol.11, No.21, p. 210-211
8636:
8596:
7619:United States Department of State
7463:Human rights in the United States
6935:New York City (Consulate–General)
6731:Research, Advocacy, and Analysis
5785:capable of countering a possible
5775:invasion and conquest in Europe.
5656:Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
5516:wound" in U.S.-Turkey relations.
5509:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
5330:
3686:April 24 speech on the question.
3673:Armenia (Genocide, Normalization)
3579:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
2937:) such that even the spent fuel (
2226:: September 25 – October 15, 1997
2051:Reagan administration (1981–1989)
2039:Carter administration (1977–1981)
1115:Truman administration (1945–1953)
968:by the US and Turkey. Turkey had
958:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
301:
252:During the Cold War (1945-1991),
18180:
18168:
18156:
17791:Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
16482:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
16318:Democratic Republic of the Congo
16252:
14724:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14658:
14612:
14611:
14410:Turkish Guantanamo Bay detainees
14395:Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
14258:
14248:
14198:
14094:Turkey: America's Forgotten Ally
14031:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
13845:
13819:
13795:Cagaptay, Soner (May 16, 2013).
13655:
13608:
13556:
13534:
13508:
13476:
13420:
13411:
13396:
13381:
13372:
13353:
13344:
13316:Reif, Kingston (November 2017).
13297:
13267:
13232:
13209:
13193:
13147:
13121:
13109:Harris, Bryant (July 19, 2023).
13102:
13083:
13066:
13046:
13020:
13008:McFall, Caitlin (May 31, 2022).
13001:
12979:
12938:
12926:
12888:
12870:
12852:
12824:
12804:
12774:
12756:
12734:
12712:
12686:
12667:
12653:
12639:
12621:
12606:
12588:
12570:
12556:
12537:
12519:
12515:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
12500:
12482:
12464:
12446:
12428:
12410:
12375:
12356:
12317:
12299:
12281:
12255:
12216:
12197:
12179:
12161:
12143:
12125:
12100:
12087:
12073:
12033:
11987:
11955:
11937:
11912:
11898:
11884:
11866:
11848:
11812:
11794:
11769:
11755:
11740:
11714:
11686:
11662:
11613:
11594:
11581:
11566:
11544:
11528:
11513:
11488:
11462:
11437:
11419:
11401:
11383:
11341:
11327:
11313:
11294:
11280:
11266:
11238:
11212:
11142:
11111:
11075:
11013:
10988:
10963:
10937:
10923:
10905:
10886:
10868:
10850:
10832:
10813:
10793:
10642:Wurzel, Steffen (June 1, 2010).
10635:
10621:
10603:
10585:
10571:
10552:
10534:
10522:
10492:
10476:
10463:
10449:
10430:
10403:
10387:Wordsworth, Dot (June 8, 2013).
10362:
10336:
10295:
10280:
10260:
10235:
10199:
10182:
10165:
10146:
10128:
10110:
10095:
10077:
10068:
10035:
10017:
9989:
9975:
9955:
9929:
9915:
9902:
9881:
9860:
9845:
9810:
9789:
9771:
9758:
9744:
9694:
9432:"Turkey approves Iraq incursion"
8837:. New York: Free Press. p.
8520:Aug 2009, Vol. 9(3) pp. 321–345
8495:
8279:. American Enterprise Institute.
7922:Rogan, Tom (December 29, 2016).
7861:| IF10487 · VERSION 11 · UPDATED
7275:
7268:
7248:
7234:
7091:
7067:
7041:
7017:
6991:
6967:
6655:
5978:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
5922:
5904:
5886:
5868:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5585:
5570:
5416:
5390:
5282:
5057:
4915:. The U.S-based Christian group
4913:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
4868:
4854:
4834:
4816:
4802:
4747:
4724:
4706:
4679:
4645:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
4577:
4552:
4518:
4503:
4488:
4473:
4356:
4345:
4338:
4327:
4320:
4309:
4237:. The US threatened Turkey with
4129:
4113:
4093:
4027:assassination of Jamal Khashoggi
3938:
3931:
3924:
3913:
3906:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3862:
3850:Trump administration (2017–2021)
3824:
3803:
3783:
3764:
3736:, now-retired U.S. Army General
3623:
3608:
3514:
3493:
3474:
3387:
3375:
3354:
3234:In October 2014, Vice President
3216:
3192:investigated the Benghazi attack
3177:(FSA)) in Syria via proxies and
3004:
2990:
2739:
2732:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2662:
2650:Obama administration (2009–2017)
2378:
2364:
1892:
1874:
1762:unification of Cyprus and Greece
1531:
1491:
1446:
1415:
1392:
1275:
1256:
1242:
1230:
1187:. Turkish Straits connected the
1140:
827:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
555:United States Secretary of State
329:Middle East Technical University
57:
46:
27:
14103:46#3 (2010), pp. 433–455.
13153:
11589:https://crsreports.congress.gov
11248:. Center for American Progress.
10153:Rice, Susan (October 7, 2019).
9644:
9594:
9556:
9482:
9424:
9396:
9336:
9254:
9236:
9189:
9164:
9155:
9137:
9125:Tran, Mark (January 17, 2011).
9118:
9100:
9072:
9044:
8973:
8949:U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis
8935:
8886:
8864:
8855:
8822:
8809:
8764:
8755:
8737:
8686:
8673:
8657:
8630:
8617:
8542:
8523:
8395:
8381:
8361:
8347:
8333:
8319:
8297:
8283:
8269:
8255:
8184:
8164:
8149:
8144:https://crsreports.congress.gov
8136:
8127:
8109:
8083:
8065:
8026:
8011:
7934:
7915:
7864:
7859:https://crsreports.congress.gov
7826:
7771:
7757:
7748:
7733:
7703:
7685:. Council on Foreign Relations.
6929:Los Angeles (Consulate–General)
6106:
6103:and activated in January 2012.
6099:radar was deployed at Turkey's
5992:policy. Its current arsenal is
5905:
5557:Air Defense (S400, F-35, F-16C)
5460:On June 28, 2022, US President
4975:The presidential spokesperson,
4215:with Russia for the S-400, and
2389:with U.S. Secretary of Defense
2208:: October 12 – November 1, 1992
1906:
1778:Turkish Resistance Organisation
1728:Greece (Cyprus, Johnson letter)
1453:Dec 15, 1950: Brigade General
1015:Turkish Defence Industry Agency
617:joint counterterrorism efforts,
488:Contain Turkish-Greek tensions.
215:partition of the Ottoman Empire
18203:Turkey–United States relations
16703:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
16079:European Court of Human Rights
15035:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
14255:Turkey–United States relations
14127:(U of Minnesota Press, 1971).
14017:Cyprus in Transition 1960-1985
13914:23#3 (1987), pp. 348–362.
12363:Kirby, Jen (August 15, 2018).
12204:Kirby, Jen (August 15, 2018).
12014:Anonymous (November 8, 2016).
10704:Paul Richter (April 3, 2009).
9985:. NBC News. November 28, 2017.
9908:Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus,
9764:Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus,
7655:
7642:
7625:
7585:
6519:passed a US resolution on the
5887:
5816:
5672:Provincial Reconstruction Team
5201:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5181:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
4765:In 2017, the special counsel,
4388:Democratic Union Party (Syria)
4139:, with six being delivered to
3994:Turkey supported Qatar in its
3135:If we set up a no-fly zone or
2181:(1 March – 5 April 1991). The
2001:'s car was set on fire by the
1786:US President Lyndon B. Johnson
1607:while performing photographic
645:Terrorism in the United States
312:'s car was set on fire by the
185:in 1944. Succeeding President
1:
18208:Bilateral relations of Turkey
16181:Diplomatic missions of Turkey
15980:Peace Agreements and Treaties
15969:
15917:Organization of Turkic States
14360:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
13966:10.1080/14683857.2022.2088081
13274:Üstel, Aziz (July 14, 2008).
11573:Ensor, Josie (May 17, 2017).
11541:. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
11525:. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
10473:, McClathys, 18 February 2015
10302:Banco, Erin (June 26, 2015).
10190:The Red Line and the Rat Line
9949:Southern District of New York
9586:. May 4, 2009. Archived from
7744:Suez 1956: A Personal account
7488:
7453:Great Famine of Mount Lebanon
6888:Missions of the United States
6760:American Enterprise Institute
6558:American Collegiate Institute
6452:
5923:
5869:
5235:meets with Turkish President
5177:Armenian genocide recognition
4213:Qatar was in “advanced” talks
3986:Qatar–United States relations
3794:meets with Turkish President
3679:2008 US presidential election
3315:United States Central Command
3227:anchored during a port visit.
2604:universal access to education
2423:According to a report by the
2289:Syria–United States relations
1935:Greece (Cyprus, Arms embargo)
1928:1973 Turkish general election
1670:Soviet Union (Missile Crisis)
1383:: US and Turkish soldiers at
1055:American Enterprise Institute
853:2016–present purges in Turkey
640:Global Counterterrorism Forum
413:
205:, which was established from
16102:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
16090:International infrastructure
14559:U.S.-Turkey Business Council
14549:Turkish Coalition of America
14400:2023 Turkish drone shootdown
13876:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).
13616:"2. Confidence in Joe Biden"
13591:"Global Indicators Database"
12613:Yang, Maya (June 11, 2024).
12552:– via www.reuters.com.
11554:. Reuters. December 14, 2020
10308:International Business Times
9722:10.1080/0163660X.2012.706576
9672:10.1080/0163660X.2012.706576
9622:10.1080/0163660X.2012.706576
9491:"Behind Turkey's Witch Hunt"
8914:10.1080/1057610X.2011.545938
8893:G. Bacik; BB Coskun (2011).
7448:U.S.-Turkey Business Council
6904:Istanbul (Consulate General)
6716:Turkish Coalition of America
6564:Anatolia College in Merzifon
6128:Int’l Mil. Ed. and Training
6045:Turkish Aerospace Industries
5344:(Interview). Interviewed by
4406:) of the Turkish ambassador
3414:rebellion in southern Turkey
3249:International Business Times
3198:broke out. In May 2014, the
2444:Iraq (territorial integrity)
2128:Iraq–United States relations
2070:Turkish Aerospace Industries
1990:developed part of worldwide
1913:Illegal drug trade in Turkey
1844:Sincerely, Lyndon B. Johnson
1776:led to the formation of the
1693:. In response to the failed
1430:Dec 1-2, 1950: Row footage.
1089:Council on Foreign Relations
1036:Council on Foreign Relations
978:internally displaced Syrians
886:) of the Turkish ambassador
600:Goal: Territorial Integrity
335:developed part of worldwide
280:), and the missile systems (
7:
17911:International organizations
17811:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
17666:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
16190:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
15938:Central Treaty Organization
15890:International organizations
14665:Foreign relations of Turkey
14514:American Hellenic Institute
13919:Political Science Quarterly
12566:. The Globe and Mail. 2020.
10820:Lake, Eli (July 28, 2016).
10410:Smith, Roff (May 7, 2013).
9566:. EuroNews. March 30, 2016.
9290:. Mher Sahakyan. New York:
8405:, NJ, and London, 1980, 90.
7663:Encyclopedia of World War I
7428:Foreign relations of Turkey
7421:
7078:and Turkish Prime Minister
7002:and Turkish Prime Minister
6926:Houston (Consulate–General)
6923:Chicago (Consulate–General)
6872:The United States has sent
6554:(founded 1876), in Istanbul
6542:(founded 1863), in Istanbul
5799:Tactical Mobilization Group
5239:in Istanbul, 6 January 2024
5109:was shot in the head by an
4437:. A third action, done by
3290:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3064:Arab Spring (Turkish model)
3026:Country Report on Terrorism
2879:Iran nuclear deal framework
2867:Iran nuclear deal framework
2758:delegation group including
2344:(MIT) with the help of the
2079:International Monetary Fund
1744:between 1955 and 1959. The
1552:Central Treaty Organization
1372:U.S. 25th Infantry Division
1157:" back to his homeland and
966:as a terrorist organization
547:Central Treaty Organization
534:headquarters including the
508:Central Treaty Organization
272:was established as part of
153:liberal international order
10:
18229:
17954:Proclamation of Neutrality
17741:North German Confederation
11747:Jeffrey, Goldberg (2019).
11534:Ian J. Lynch (Dec. 2020).
11172:"Turkish F35 takes flight"
9544:Davutoglu, Prof Dr Ahmet.
8953:Cambridge University Press
7468:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
7433:Turks in the United States
6920:Boston (Consulate-General)
6917:Washington, D.C. (Embassy)
6874:many ambassadors to Turkey
6698:Lobbying & think tanks
6588:showed 73% of Turks had a
6037:defense industry of Turkey
5803:Special Warfare Department
5767:(WU) (and subsequently by
5542:
5496:
5478:
5451:Black Sea Grain Initiative
5424:Black Sea Grain Initiative
5368:Black Sea Grain Initiative
5361:
5264:
5174:
5136:
4402:called for the expulsion (
4384:Police Counter Attack Team
4289:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
4278:
4209:Saudi Arabia for the S-400
4163:
4153:
3983:
3734:NATO forces in Afghanistan
3554:
3317:(CENTCOMM) approached the
3238:accused Turkey of funding
2931:Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant
2912:Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant
2815:
2590:Gülen Movement (Ergenekon)
2431:program. U.S. ambassador
2286:
2160:Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline
2143:fighter jets belonging to
2125:
2112:Arab–Israeli peace process
1961:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
1910:
1699:Jupiter ballistic missiles
1094:
1017:. Before Turkey listed in
993:
934:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
882:called for the expulsion (
819:Operation Inherent Resolve
575:
417:
177:had a geo-strategic plan,
96:Turkish Ambassador to the
22:Turkish–American relations
18073:
18027:
17942:
17938:
17923:
17851:
17837:
17643:
17608:
17572:
17541:
17520:
17513:
17453:
17350:
17272:
17204:
17197:
17085:
17019:
16961:
16908:
16872:
16865:
16790:
16767:
16716:
16640:
16633:
16538:
16502:
16454:
16346:
16290:
16283:
16279:
16265:
16173:
16163:Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey
16089:
15979:
15975:
15964:
15930:
15882:
15878:
15864:
15835:
15810:
15794:
15773:
15766:
15716:
15625:
15564:
15523:
15492:
15485:
15371:
15305:
15264:
15223:
15182:
15175:
15105:
15079:
15048:
15007:
15000:
14905:
14884:
14848:
14747:
14696:
14689:
14685:
14671:
14608:
14491:
14423:
14347:
14316:
14268:
14160:( Nova Publishers, 2003).
14019:(London: Trigraph, 1986).
13921:95.1 (1980) 95#1: 43–70.
13320:. Arms Control TODAY. ACA
11908:. CBS. November 14, 2019.
10531:Reuters.com, 22 July 2017
9112:www.justiceinitiative.org
8803:10.1080/00263200802021632
8785:Güney, aylin (May 2008).
8574:Schiffer Military History
8469:Federal Research Division
7552:10.1080/00263200802021632
7534:Güney, aylin (May 2008).
7308:U.S. Ambassador to Turkey
7116:State and official visits
6959:State and official visits
6932:Miami (Consulate–General)
6881:
6852:Diplomacy & Embassies
6730:
6113:
6086:Radar and signal analysis
5996:, while it formerly held
5705:Turkey has commanded the
5525:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5503:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5207:, Senate Minority Leader
4929:Republican People's Party
4568:Jan 6 2019 Israel visit:
4439:presidential proclamation
4435:Muslim-majority countries
4419:people arriving in Turkey
4219:to be delivered in 2023.
3980:Qatar (diplomatic crisis)
3798:in Ankara, 24 August 2016
3757:2016 Turkish coup attempt
3432:(at the time head of the
2806:2013 Egyptian coup d'état
2340:, in an operation by the
2192:Operation Provide Comfort
2149:Operation Provide Comfort
1768:) in 1955. Opposition to
1605:Soviet Air Defence Forces
1329:Republican People's Party
1025:project in Jul 17, 2019.
811:People's Protection Units
730:Established an autonomous
725:People's Protection Units
396:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
95:
90:
78:
73:
69:
56:
45:
35:
26:
17746:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
16308:Central African Republic
16141:Trans-Anatolian pipeline
16119:Northern Cyprus pipeline
15999:Treaty of Constantinople
14714:Central African Republic
14524:American-Turkish Council
14519:American Turkish Society
14453:Denizköy VLF transmitter
14431:CIA activities in Turkey
14153:(Nova Publishers, 2003).
14076:57.5/6 (1977): 227–241.
13882:Athanassopoulou, Ekavi.
13634:"BBC World Service poll"
12790:U.S. Department of State
10391:. The Spectator magazine
9710:The Washington Quarterly
9660:The Washington Quarterly
9610:The Washington Quarterly
9324:"A partnership at risk?"
9004:. CNN. November 30, 2010
7895:"Turkey and the Neocons"
7565:Huston, James A (1988).
7483:CIA activities in Turkey
7315:Turkish Foreign Minister
6560:(founded 1878), in İzmir
6552:Üsküdar American Academy
6444:U.S. equipment in Turkey
6125:Excess Defense Articles
6061:
5545:Armenia–Turkey relations
5231:U.S. Secretary of State
4861:Pence meets with Brunson
4608:In July 2016, after the
4249:Kurdistan Workers' Party
4021:Saudi Arabia (Khashoggi)
3996:diplomatic confrontation
3957:is friendly towards the
2900:Turkish Foreign Ministry
2787:A New Beginning (speech)
2425:Open Society Foundations
2358:leaked diplomatic cables
2303:Kurdistan Workers' Party
2214:: March 20 – May 4, 1995
2196:Operation Northern Watch
2018:CIA activities in Turkey
1941:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
1810:London-Zürich Agreements
1780:(TMT) in support of the
1461:from Lieutenant General
964:(PKK), which was listed
962:Kurdistan Workers' Party
861:Evangelical Presbyterian
815:Kurdistan Workers' Party
797:, 31 May 2010, over the
746:Kurdistan Workers' Party
376:international convention
17906:Third Border Initiative
14329:Second Cairo Conference
13096:Public Radio of Armenia
10610:Phillips, Christopher.
10592:Phillips, Christopher.
10102:Staff (March 2, 2016).
8464:Turkey: a country study
7648:Andrew C. A. Jampoler,
7048:Turkish Prime Minister
6910:Izmir (Consular Agency)
6783:The Heritage Foundation
6031:Turkish Air Force F-16D
5956:United States Air Force
5475:Greece (military bases)
5133:Greece (military bases)
4917:Voice of the Persecuted
4410:for the embassy brawl.
4392:Kurdistan Workers Party
3777:Grand National Assembly
3775:inspects damage to the
3771:24 August 2016, Ankara
3664:Grand National Assembly
3659:Israel–Turkey relations
3630:2014 Paris: Davutoğlu,
3448:(also known as General
3307:Ghouta chemical attacks
3223:11 March 2013 Antalya:
3185:. In January 2014, the
3129:European migrant crisis
3022:U.S. Secretary of State
2943:Russia–Turkey relations
2923:nuclear power in Turkey
2822:Nuclear program of Iran
2429:extraordinary rendition
2220:: May 12 – July 7, 1997
2206:Operation Northern Iraq
2087:human rights violations
1982:Soviet Union (Cold War)
1834:Dear Mr Prime Minister:
1752:right-wing nationalist
1352:Republic of Korea (ROK)
1214:Turkish foreign service
1065:" exercise in Armenia.
928:. Turkey performed the
308:). In 1969, Ambassador
243:Palestinian territories
141:Second Cairo Conference
17816:Kingdom of Württemberg
17806:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
17368:Bosnia and Herzegovina
16136:Tabriz–Ankara pipeline
16107:Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline
15905:Accession negotiations
15638:Bosnia and Herzegovina
14190:U.S. Embassy in Turkey
14172:Middle Eastern Studies
14101:Middle Eastern Studies
13980:Karpat, Kemal H., ed.
13945:30.3 (1976): 291–310.
13912:Middle Eastern Studies
13406:Turkish Weekly Journal
12902:. Bloomberg. Bloomberg
12726:. September 29, 2020.
11226:. Turkish Defence News
11224:turkishdefencenews.com
10660:
10546:The Japan Times Online
10459:. BBC. March 29, 2016.
10214:intelligence.house.gov
10194:London Review of Books
9945:U.S. Attorney’s Office
9701:Gürzel, Aylin (2012).
9651:Gürzel, Aylin (2012).
9601:Gürzel, Aylin (2012).
8791:Middle Eastern Studies
8667:23.3 (1987): 348-362.
8665:Middle Eastern Studies
8568:Pocock, Chris (2000).
7540:Middle Eastern Studies
7458:Human rights in Turkey
7393:
7102:and Turkish President
7028:and Turkish President
6869:
6861:
6707:
6546:Talas American College
6495:
6101:Kürecik Air Force base
6056:Bayraktar Tactical UAS
6032:
6023:Industrial cooperation
5807:Special Forces Command
5748:
5700:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5691:
5652:480th Fighter Squadron
5624:
5352:
5240:
5187:United States Congress
5148:
5043:
4943:and interior minister
4784:Gülen movement schools
4756:United States v. Flynn
4649:sleeper terror network
4156:Operation Active Fence
3990:Qatar–Turkey relations
3341:
3299:
3159:
3104:
3087:actors in the conflict
2914:
2904:
2870:
2802:Ghouta chemical attack
2622:preacher based in the
2459:
2297:Syria has been on the
2293:Syria–Turkey relations
2179:1991 uprisings in Iraq
2151:
2106:
1945:Cypriot National Guard
1855:
1682:
1666:
1297:United States Congress
1249:1948: Situation Report
1173:Turkish Straits crisis
1134:Honoring an Ambassador
1111:
1082:downed a Turkish drone
987:
954:Operation Peace Spring
930:Operation Olive Branch
915:
817:). However the US-led
813:(a militia related to
779:
742:Operation Peace Spring
738:Operation Olive Branch
652:
515:
457:Mutuality of benefits
254:Turkish Straits crisis
129:
124:and Turkish President
16338:São Tomé and Príncipe
16323:Republic of the Congo
14729:Republic of the Congo
14473:Kürecik Radar Station
14468:Kisecik Radar Station
14365:TCG Muavenet (DM 357)
14174:42.2 (2006): 223–237.
14052:. pp. 1036–1132.
14033:19.4 (2021): 494–516.
13984:(Leiden, Brill, 1975)
13080:(September 29, 2020).
11648:(December 19, 2018).
10567:. NewYorker Magazine.
10091:. September 28, 2012.
9941:Department of Justice
8829:Tirman, John (1997).
8374:Associated Press News
7785:on November 13, 2023.
7391:
6867:
6859:
6813:Stanford University:
6705:
6548:(1871–1968), in Talas
6490:
6030:
5727:
5669:
5622:
5543:Further information:
5497:Further information:
5479:Further information:
5362:Further information:
5348:. The New York Times.
5318:
5265:Further information:
5230:
5175:Further information:
5146:
5137:Further information:
5111:Israel Defense Forces
5029:
4933:subversive activities
4623:On November 8, 2016,
4415:Turkey migrant crisis
3974:George Floyd protests
3655:Gaza Freedom Flotilla
3555:Further information:
3428:According to General
3323:
3276:In other words, this
3274:
3225:USS George H. W. Bush
3194:in January 2014, the
3133:
3125:weaponizing migration
3095:
3035:Anders Fogh Rasmussen
2910:2018 ground-breaking
2909:
2891:
2864:
2816:Further information:
2756:U.S. Democratic Party
2521:2003 invasion of Iraq
2493:2003 invasion of Iraq
2469:2003 invasion of Iraq
2451:
2139:
2132:Iraq–Turkey relations
2104:
1829:
1758:British colonial rule
1677:
1660:
1609:aerial reconnaissance
1516:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1317:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1202:returned the body of
1109:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1102:
994:Further information:
982:
899:
775:
637:
576:Further information:
506:Establishment of the
505:
378:) the straits of the
203:Mandate for Palestine
119:
18128:Special Relationship
17969:Good Neighbor policy
17731:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
17726:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
17721:Grand Duchy of Hesse
17656:Grand Duchy of Baden
17330:Special Relationship
17180:United Arab Emirates
16004:Border with Bulgaria
15468:United Arab Emirates
14109:Stearns, Monteagle.
14092:Rustow, Dankwart A.
14005:(Princeton UP, 1980)
13931:9.2 (1981): 179–196.
13643:. BBC. June 30, 2017
12069:. November 10, 2017.
11191:. February 27, 2019.
11043:. November 12, 2018.
10506:. January 28, 2015.
10483:Down but not yet out
10439:"The Obama Doctrine"
8699:www.ekathimerini.com
8475:. pp. 298–301.
8180:. December 14, 2020.
8123:. February 20, 2020.
8079:. February 24, 2020.
8007:. BBC. May 18, 2017.
7661:Spencer Tucker, ed.
7339:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
7292:Obama administration
7050:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
6978:with U.S. President
6847:Diplomatic exchanges
6736:Turkish Think Tanks
6002:MIM-14 Nike Hercules
5942:class=notpageimage|
5831:Joint Strike Fighter
5795:Turkish Armed Forces
5249:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5237:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5100:Israel's war in Gaza
5088:United Arab Emirates
5038:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5011:Municipality in the
4927:, a member from the
4879:Inverted yield curve
4429:actions include two
4269:Biden administration
4253:S-400 missile system
4204:S-400 missile system
4045:Al-Arab News Channel
3790:U.S. Vice President
3438:Aspen Security Forum
3183:2012 Benghazi attack
3039:Muhammed carricaturs
2476:Morton I. Abramowitz
2408:. Turkish President
2406:September 11 attacks
2168:UN SC Resolution 665
2074:F-16 Fighting Falcon
1997:In 1969, Ambassador
1949:Greek military junta
1720:The Putin Interviews
1695:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1346:The U.S. sought the
847:. Shortly after the
783:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
587:Base of Cooperation
522:, Turkey joined the
323:during his visit of
231:Turkey's recognition
126:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
18118:Progressive realism
18113:Non-interventionism
17964:Roosevelt Corollary
17901:Major non-NATO ally
17786:Kingdom of Sardinia
17711:Hanseatic Republics
16708:Trinidad and Tobago
16693:St. Kitts and Nevis
16648:Antigua and Barbuda
16062:Montreux Convention
16021:Border with Armenia
15040:Trinidad and Tobago
14134:33.1 (1970): 40-53
14001:Kunihoim, Bruce R.
13987:Kubilay Yado Arin:
13943:Middle East Journal
13620:Pew Research Center
13496:on October 12, 2007
13444:on January 24, 2018
12820:. October 23, 2021.
12770:. October 18, 2020.
12748:. October 2, 2020.
12746:The Armenian Weekly
12494:Hürriyet Daily News
12458:Hürriyet Daily News
12440:Hürriyet Daily News
12422:Hürriyet Daily News
12404:Hürriyet Daily News
12000:The Washington Post
11862:. October 27, 2019.
11844:. October 27, 2019.
11679:The Washington Post
11623:. January 25, 2017.
10899:Wall Street Journal
10880:New York Daily News
10548:. February 8, 2016.
10349:The Washington Post
10031:. January 23, 2016.
9444:on February 9, 2008
9352:. November 26, 2010
8683:3.1 (2002): 95-126.
8473:Library of Congress
8329:. October 12, 2023.
8061:. February 5, 2020.
8040:. October 17, 2019.
7508:on October 26, 2006
7334:financial crisis”.
7052:and U.S. President
6986:, November 15. 1999
6823:Turkish Journalist
6624:
6586:Pew Research Center
5837:Bases and logistics
5507:On April 24, 2021,
5383:Russo-Ukrainian War
5374:Russo-Ukrainian War
5275:2023 Vilnius summit
5115:Israeli settlements
5007:as an example. The
4639:whose members were
4610:failed coup attempt
4459:a new “Buffer Zone”
4394:). On May 16, 2017
4231:Patrick M. Shanahan
4141:Luke Air Force Base
4073:Mohammed bin Salman
4039:The Washington Post
3695:U.S. Vice President
3691:provisional roadmap
3591:2009 Davos incident
3585:as associated with
3561:2009 Davos incident
3460:in northern Syria.
3278:illegitimate regime
3179:front organizations
3102:Selahattin Demirtaş
2865:April 2, 2015, the
2497:domestic opposition
2412:and Prime Minister
2245:Iraq Liberation Act
2230:In September 1998,
2027:army, denoted the "
1992:left-wing terrorism
1957:Treaty of Guarantee
1812:, establishing the
1794:Archbishop Makarios
1782:partition of Cyprus
1556:Eisenhower Doctrine
1071:2023 Ankara bombing
859:and teaching elder
789:Since US President
772:Kurdish Nationalism
670:
649:Terrorism in Turkey
588:
538:(1955–present) and
532:Allied Land Command
458:
368:Department of State
358:" and consequently
337:left-wing terrorism
282:1962 Missile Crisis
23:
18:Bilateral relations
18108:Middle East policy
17706:Kingdom of Hanover
17661:Kingdom of Bavaria
16673:Dominican Republic
16038:Treaty of Lausanne
15948:Second Balkan Pact
15025:Dominican Republic
14584:Christopher Robert
14478:Pirinçlik Air Base
14424:Military relations
14324:Chester concession
14167:(Routledge, 2015).
14026:(Macmillan, 1990).
13886:(Routledge, 2014).
13408:, 24 December 2011
13254:The New York Times
12953:. Reuters. Reuters
12884:. August 15, 2020.
12792:. October 15, 2020
12584:. August 26, 2020.
12531:The New York Times
12496:. August 17, 2018.
12478:. August 14, 2018.
12460:. August 12, 2018.
12442:. August 12, 2018.
12424:. August 11, 2018.
12406:. August 11, 2018.
12348:has generic name (
12313:. August 10, 2018.
11880:(in Turkish). VOA.
11842:The New York Times
11728:. October 23, 2019
11655:The New York Times
11476:. December 9, 2020
11107:. August 16, 2015.
11040:The New York Times
10376:. August 18, 2011.
10276:. October 7, 2014.
10171:Patrick Cockburn "
9412:. October 18, 2007
9032:. December 1, 2010
8987:The New York Times
8943:Richard Breitman;
8749:The New York Times
8597:Orlov, Alexander.
8459:Metz, Helen Chapin
8377:. October 5, 2023.
7990:. October 9, 2017.
7711:"Member countries"
7598:The New York Times
7410:2019 Erdoğan visit
7394:
7376:2013 Erdoğan visit
7213:1999 Clinton visit
7133:June 22–23, 1964,
7010:, January 16. 2002
6974:Turkish President
6893:Missions of Turkey
6870:
6862:
6708:
6618:
6496:
6491:IWOC Award Winner
6483:Cultural exchanges
6122:Foreign Mil. Fin.
6033:
6016:artillery shells.
5771:) for a potential
5749:
5747:, August 21, 2023.
5692:
5646:Military relations
5625:
5615:Economic relations
5469:2022 Madrid summit
5346:Kathleen Kingsbury
5241:
5161:Souda Bay in Crete
5149:
4911:that followed the
4886: 10 year bond
4841:October 17, 2019:
4738:, surveillance of
4592:October 23, 2019:
4087:Air Defense System
3972:groups during the
3702:Armenian President
3565:Gaza flotilla raid
3436:(USSOCOM)) at the
3406:federalizing Syria
3294:Al Jazeera English
3169:reported that the
3105:
2915:
2871:
2843:Bilkent University
2754:On 30 May 2009, A
2554:Turkish Parliament
2501:Turkish Parliament
2460:
2410:Ahmet Necdet Sezer
2183:Iraqi no-fly zones
2152:
2107:
2045:Iranian Revolution
1814:Republic of Cyprus
1683:
1680:deployed in Turkey
1667:
1112:
916:
799:Gaza flotilla raid
795:Benjamin Netanyahu
668:
653:
586:
551:John Foster Dulles
516:
512:John Foster Dulles
456:
408:Hostile to America
392:Russo-Georgian War
268:in 1947. In 1947,
247:Two-state solution
235:petroleum politics
130:
109:Michael B. Goldman
74:Diplomatic mission
21:
18144:
18143:
18140:
18139:
18136:
18135:
17919:
17918:
17833:
17832:
17829:
17828:
17801:Republic of Texas
17751:Orange Free State
17696:Republic of Genoa
17639:
17638:
17509:
17508:
17193:
17192:
16861:
16860:
16629:
16628:
16328:Equatorial Guinea
16218:
16217:
16214:
16213:
16210:
16209:
16043:Border with Syria
15960:
15959:
15956:
15955:
15943:First Balkan Pact
15860:
15859:
15856:
15855:
15831:
15830:
15762:
15761:
15481:
15480:
15171:
15170:
14996:
14995:
14734:Equatorial Guinea
14624:
14623:
14463:Izmir Air Station
14458:Incirlik Air Base
14448:Task Force Viking
14436:Counter-Guerrilla
14207:
14138:covers chapter 4.
13566:. NPR. NOW on PBS
13393:, 30 January 2012
13369:16 February 2010.
13062:. April 26, 2021.
12295:. August 1, 2018.
12230:. August 1, 2018.
12193:on July 18, 2012.
12175:. March 29, 2017.
11670:Demirjian, Karoun
11395:www.aljazeera.com
10919:. April 15, 2017.
10755:. April 25, 2009.
10738:. April 25, 2009.
10223:on April 18, 2016
10142:. April 24, 2016.
10124:. April 21, 2015.
10106:. Deutsche Welle.
9951:. March 28, 2017.
9895:Trend News Agency
9874:Trend News Agency
9857:, 17 August 2010.
9803:Trend News Agency
9489:Cagaptay, Soner.
9301:978-1-003-35258-7
8815:Mehmet Akif Okur,
8583:978-0-7643-1113-0
8518:Cold War History,
7389:
7259:
7243:
7036:, January 8, 2008
6955:, United States.
6949:Embassy of Turkey
6941:
6940:
6907:Adana (Consulate)
6844:
6843:
6835:Washington Post:
6774:Middle East Forum
6770:, Danielle Pletka
6695:
6694:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6621:BBC World Service
6521:Armenian genocide
6441:
6440:
5998:MGR-1 Honest John
5952:Incirlik Air Base
5934:
5916:
5898:
5880:
5862:
5779:Counter-Guerrilla
5745:Mediterranean Sea
5254:persona non grata
5191:Armenian genocide
5157:Incirlik Air Base
5107:Ayşenur Ezgi Eygi
5049:Palastine (Hamas)
4892: 1 year bond
4881:in 2018 and 2022
4876:Turkey bond rates
4587:
4563:
4365:
4228:Defense Secretary
4182:Turkish Air Force
4145:Turkish Air Force
4100:Feb. 4, 2013: US
4036:, journalist for
3872:
3814:
3636:Khalid al-Attiyah
3504:
3446:Ferhat Abdi Şahin
3430:Raymond A. Thomas
3395:Syrian opposition
3365:
3268:and CIA Director
3163:Syrian opposition
3156:(October 7, 2019)
3031:İncirlik Air Base
2935:build–own–operate
2783:#2009 Obama visit
2767:Edward E. Kaufman
2673:
2639:Counter-Guerrilla
2519:On March 20, the
2489:Turkey's position
2391:Donald H.Rumsfeld
2283:Syria (terrorism)
2273:George H. W. Bush
2066:George H. W. Bush
2058:Armenian genocide
2029:Counter-Guerrilla
1850:Lyndon B. Johnson
1760:and enabling the
1703:Nikita Khrushchev
1687:ballistic missile
1658:
1617:Incirlik Air Base
1603:shot down by the
1594:1960 U-2 incident
1514:aircraft carrier
1507:Atatürk's Reforms
1425:
1399:Nov 27–29, 1950:
1313:Atatürk's Reforms
1282:
1265:
1051:Zangezur corridor
970:observation posts
946:Economy of Turkey
926:safe zone (Syria)
756:
755:
658:violent extremism
632:
631:
503:
494:
493:
364:Armenian genocide
195:Incirlik Air Base
181:, in mind at the
139:evolved from the
114:
113:
18220:
18185:
18184:
18183:
18173:
18172:
18171:
18161:
18160:
18152:
17940:
17939:
17925:
17924:
17839:
17838:
17716:Hawaiian Kingdom
17681:Congo Free State
17585:Marshall Islands
17554:Papua New Guinea
17518:
17517:
17202:
17201:
16870:
16869:
16638:
16637:
16288:
16287:
16281:
16280:
16267:
16266:
16257:
16256:
16245:
16238:
16231:
16222:
16221:
16202:Diplomatic corps
16055:Border with Iran
15992:Border with Iraq
15987:Treaty of Ankara
15977:
15976:
15966:
15965:
15880:
15879:
15866:
15865:
15771:
15770:
15490:
15489:
15416:Kurdistan Region
15180:
15179:
15005:
15004:
14694:
14693:
14687:
14686:
14673:
14672:
14663:
14662:
14651:
14644:
14637:
14628:
14627:
14615:
14614:
14597:Midnight Express
14355:Gourgen Yanikian
14339:Zurich Protocols
14269:Diplomatic posts
14263:
14262:
14253:
14252:
14241:
14234:
14227:
14218:
14217:
14203:
14202:
14163:Yilmaz, Şuhnaz.
14123:Trask, Roger R.
14053:
14043:
14022:McGhee, George.
13977:
13892:(May 11, 2005) “
13861:
13860:
13849:
13843:
13842:
13840:
13838:
13823:
13817:
13816:
13814:
13812:
13803:. Archived from
13792:
13783:
13782:
13770:
13757:
13756:
13746:
13740:
13739:
13731:
13725:
13724:
13716:
13710:
13709:
13701:
13695:
13694:
13684:
13678:
13677:
13675:
13673:
13659:
13653:
13652:
13650:
13648:
13638:
13630:
13624:
13623:
13622:. June 11, 2024.
13612:
13606:
13605:
13603:
13601:
13587:
13576:
13575:
13573:
13571:
13560:
13554:
13553:
13551:
13549:
13544:. August 2, 2017
13538:
13532:
13531:
13529:
13527:
13512:
13506:
13505:
13503:
13501:
13480:
13474:
13471:
13454:
13453:
13451:
13449:
13443:
13437:. Archived from
13432:
13424:
13418:
13415:
13409:
13400:
13394:
13385:
13379:
13376:
13370:
13357:
13351:
13348:
13342:
13339:
13330:
13329:
13327:
13325:
13313:
13304:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13289:
13287:
13271:
13265:
13264:
13262:
13260:
13245:
13239:
13236:
13230:
13227:
13216:
13213:
13207:
13206:. March 9, 2012.
13197:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13186:
13171:
13160:
13159:
13151:
13145:
13144:
13142:
13140:
13125:
13119:
13118:
13106:
13100:
13099:
13087:
13081:
13070:
13064:
13063:
13050:
13044:
13043:
13041:
13039:
13034:. April 24, 2021
13024:
13018:
13017:
13005:
12999:
12998:
12996:
12994:
12983:
12977:
12974:
12963:
12962:
12960:
12958:
12942:
12936:
12930:
12929:
12923:
12912:
12911:
12909:
12907:
12892:
12886:
12885:
12874:
12868:
12867:
12866:. July 11, 2023.
12856:
12850:
12849:
12847:
12845:
12828:
12822:
12821:
12808:
12802:
12801:
12799:
12797:
12778:
12772:
12771:
12760:
12754:
12753:
12738:
12732:
12731:
12716:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12690:
12684:
12683:
12680:www.congress.gov
12671:
12665:
12664:
12657:
12651:
12650:
12643:
12637:
12636:
12625:
12619:
12618:
12610:
12604:
12603:
12592:
12586:
12585:
12574:
12568:
12567:
12560:
12554:
12553:
12541:
12535:
12534:
12523:
12517:
12516:
12504:
12498:
12497:
12486:
12480:
12479:
12468:
12462:
12461:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12432:
12426:
12425:
12414:
12408:
12407:
12396:
12387:
12386:
12379:
12373:
12372:
12360:
12354:
12353:
12347:
12343:
12341:
12333:
12321:
12315:
12314:
12303:
12297:
12296:
12285:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12274:
12259:
12253:
12252:
12245:
12232:
12231:
12220:
12214:
12213:
12201:
12195:
12194:
12189:. Archived from
12183:
12177:
12176:
12165:
12159:
12158:
12157:. June 20, 2017.
12147:
12141:
12140:
12139:. June 13, 2017.
12129:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12104:
12098:
12093:Gerstein, Josh.
12091:
12085:
12084:
12077:
12071:
12070:
12059:
12050:
12049:
12037:
12031:
12030:
12028:
12026:
12011:
12005:
12004:
11991:
11985:
11984:
11977:
11971:
11970:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11941:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11930:
11916:
11910:
11909:
11902:
11896:
11895:
11888:
11882:
11881:
11870:
11864:
11863:
11852:
11846:
11845:
11834:
11828:
11827:
11816:
11810:
11809:
11798:
11792:
11791:
11789:
11787:
11773:
11767:
11766:
11759:
11753:
11752:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11735:
11733:
11718:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11707:
11690:
11684:
11683:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11634:
11625:
11624:
11617:
11611:
11610:
11598:
11592:
11585:
11579:
11578:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11548:
11542:
11532:
11526:
11517:
11511:
11510:
11508:
11506:
11492:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11466:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11455:
11441:
11435:
11434:
11423:
11417:
11416:
11405:
11399:
11398:
11387:
11381:
11380:
11378:
11376:
11364:
11353:
11352:
11345:
11339:
11338:
11331:
11325:
11324:
11317:
11311:
11310:
11298:
11292:
11291:
11284:
11278:
11277:
11270:
11264:
11263:
11256:
11250:
11249:
11242:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11231:
11216:
11210:
11209:
11202:
11193:
11192:
11185:
11176:
11175:
11168:
11159:
11158:
11146:
11140:
11139:
11137:
11135:
11115:
11109:
11108:
11097:
11088:
11087:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11068:
11051:
11045:
11044:
11031:
11025:
11024:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11008:
11006:
10992:
10986:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10967:
10961:
10960:
10958:
10956:
10941:
10935:
10934:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10909:
10903:
10902:
10890:
10884:
10883:
10882:. July 22, 2016.
10872:
10866:
10865:
10864:. July 26, 2016.
10854:
10848:
10847:
10846:. July 25, 2016.
10836:
10830:
10829:
10817:
10811:
10810:
10809:. July 29, 2016.
10797:
10791:
10790:
10780:
10774:
10773:
10763:
10757:
10756:
10746:
10740:
10739:
10729:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10718:
10701:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10685:. April 23, 2009
10673:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10656:
10654:
10639:
10633:
10632:
10625:
10619:
10618:
10617:. chatham house.
10616:
10607:
10601:
10600:
10599:. chatham house.
10598:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10575:
10569:
10568:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10538:
10532:
10526:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10515:
10496:
10490:
10480:
10474:
10467:
10461:
10460:
10453:
10447:
10446:
10434:
10428:
10427:
10425:
10423:
10407:
10401:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10384:
10378:
10377:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10357:
10355:
10340:
10334:
10333:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10314:
10299:
10293:
10292:
10284:
10278:
10277:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10239:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10222:
10211:
10203:
10197:
10196:, 17 April 2014.
10188:Seymour Hersh, "
10186:
10180:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10150:
10144:
10143:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10114:
10108:
10107:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10081:
10075:
10072:
10066:
10065:
10063:
10061:
10047:
10039:
10033:
10032:
10021:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10010:
9993:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9959:
9953:
9952:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9919:
9913:
9906:
9900:
9899:
9885:
9879:
9878:
9864:
9858:
9849:
9843:
9842:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9814:
9808:
9807:
9793:
9787:
9786:
9775:
9769:
9762:
9756:
9755:
9748:
9742:
9741:
9707:
9698:
9692:
9691:
9657:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9607:
9598:
9592:
9591:
9574:
9568:
9567:
9560:
9554:
9553:
9541:
9532:
9531:
9523:
9517:
9516:
9506:
9495:
9494:
9486:
9480:
9479:
9467:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9371:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9357:
9340:
9334:
9333:
9332:. July 10, 2003.
9320:
9314:
9313:
9283:
9270:
9269:
9268:. March 5, 2003.
9258:
9252:
9251:
9240:
9234:
9233:
9232:. March 1, 2003.
9226:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9168:
9162:
9159:
9153:
9152:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9122:
9116:
9115:
9104:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9093:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9065:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9037:
9020:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
8998:
8992:
8991:
8977:
8971:
8970:
8945:Norman J.W. Goda
8939:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8928:
8899:
8890:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8879:
8868:
8862:
8859:
8853:
8852:
8836:
8826:
8820:
8813:
8807:
8806:
8782:
8771:
8768:
8762:
8759:
8753:
8752:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8724:
8716:
8703:
8702:
8690:
8684:
8681:Cold War History
8677:
8671:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8634:
8628:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8601:. Archived from
8594:
8588:
8587:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8527:
8521:
8514:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8494:
8455:
8406:
8399:
8393:
8392:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8273:
8267:
8266:
8259:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8248:
8234:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8205:
8196:
8195:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8153:
8147:
8140:
8134:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8113:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8087:
8081:
8080:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8051:
8042:
8041:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8001:
7992:
7991:
7978:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7949:. Cato Institute
7938:
7932:
7931:
7919:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7890:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7868:
7862:
7855:
7842:
7841:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7808:
7799:
7796:
7787:
7786:
7781:. Archived from
7775:
7769:
7768:
7761:
7755:
7752:
7746:
7737:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7721:. March 10, 2016
7707:
7701:
7698:
7687:
7686:
7679:
7666:
7659:
7653:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7629:
7623:
7622:
7611:
7602:
7601:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7531:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7498:
7390:
7279:
7272:
7261:
7260:
7245:
7244:
7222:2009 Obama visit
7095:
7071:
7060:, November 2008;
7045:
7021:
6995:
6971:
6953:Washington, D.C.
6901:Ankara (Embassy)
6879:
6878:
6785:: James Phillips
6728:
6727:
6691:
6665:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6619:Results of 2017
6617:
6506:banned in Turkey
6501:Midnight Express
6478:Public relations
6111:
6110:
5994:B61 nuclear bomb
5984:Nuclear warheads
5930:
5926:
5925:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5847:
5805:before becoming
5757:Operation Gladio
5752:Operation Gladio
5662:Joint operations
5589:
5574:
5420:
5394:
5350:
5349:
5286:
5061:
5041:
4891:
4885:
4872:
4858:
4838:
4820:
4806:
4751:
4728:
4710:
4683:
4641:purged in Turkey
4589:
4588:
4565:
4564:
4538:Voice of America
4522:
4507:
4492:
4477:
4431:executive orders
4427:Trump travel ban
4400:Claire McCaskill
4367:
4366:
4349:
4342:
4331:
4324:
4313:
4239:CAATSA sanctions
4180:by a patrolling
4133:
4117:
4097:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3917:
3910:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3828:
3816:
3815:
3787:
3768:
3738:John F. Campbell
3627:
3612:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3478:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3366:
3339:
3332:Jeffrey Goldberg
3303:chemical weapons
3297:
3220:
3175:Free Syrian Army
3157:
3117:Philip Breedlove
3008:
2994:
2939:high-level waste
2902:
2791:Foreign Minister
2775:U.S. Congressman
2771:Frank Lautenberg
2743:
2736:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2675:
2674:
2643:Ergenekon trials
2437:diplomatic cable
2382:
2218:Operation Hammer
2033:Operation Gladio
1896:
1878:
1853:
1803:, leader of the
1774:Turkish Cypriots
1734:Cyprus Emergency
1659:
1535:
1495:
1450:
1427:
1426:
1396:
1370:attached to the
1337:Democratic Party
1284:
1283:
1267:
1266:
1246:
1234:
1200:President Truman
1144:
956:established the
890:, following the
880:Claire McCaskill
831:Islamic preacher
785:
718:Syrian Civil War
671:
667:
589:
585:
542:(2000–present).
530:and host of the
504:
459:
455:
341:State Department
61:
60:
50:
49:
31:
24:
20:
18228:
18227:
18223:
18222:
18221:
18219:
18218:
18217:
18193:
18192:
18191:
18181:
18179:
18169:
18167:
18155:
18147:
18145:
18132:
18075:
18069:
18035:Lodge Corollary
18028:Other doctrines
18023:
17945:
17934:
17915:
17847:
17825:
17736:Duchy of Nassau
17635:
17604:
17568:
17559:Solomon Islands
17537:
17505:
17449:
17420:North Macedonia
17383:Northern Cyprus
17346:
17268:
17189:
17081:
17015:
16957:
16904:
16857:
16786:
16763:
16712:
16625:
16534:
16498:
16450:
16342:
16275:
16261:
16251:
16249:
16219:
16206:
16169:
16085:
16067:Turkish Straits
16050:Treaty of Zuhab
15971:
15952:
15926:
15874:
15852:
15827:
15806:
15802:Solomon Islands
15790:
15758:
15712:
15678:Northern Cyprus
15673:North Macedonia
15621:
15560:
15519:
15477:
15367:
15301:
15260:
15219:
15167:
15101:
15075:
15044:
14992:
14901:
14880:
14844:
14743:
14681:
14667:
14657:
14655:
14625:
14620:
14604:
14574:Hollings Center
14487:
14419:
14343:
14334:Truman Doctrine
14312:
14264:
14257:
14247:
14245:
14181:
14074:Oriente Moderno
14041:
13905:Turkish Studies
13869:
13867:Further reading
13864:
13851:
13850:
13846:
13836:
13834:
13824:
13820:
13810:
13808:
13807:on May 16, 2013
13793:
13786:
13779:The White House
13771:
13760:
13748:
13747:
13743:
13738:. May 16, 2009.
13733:
13732:
13728:
13723:. June 4, 2009.
13718:
13717:
13713:
13708:. June 3, 2009.
13703:
13702:
13698:
13685:
13681:
13671:
13669:
13661:
13660:
13656:
13646:
13644:
13636:
13632:
13631:
13627:
13614:
13613:
13609:
13599:
13597:
13589:
13588:
13579:
13569:
13567:
13562:
13561:
13557:
13547:
13545:
13540:
13539:
13535:
13525:
13523:
13513:
13509:
13499:
13497:
13482:
13481:
13477:
13472:
13457:
13447:
13445:
13441:
13430:
13426:
13425:
13421:
13416:
13412:
13401:
13397:
13386:
13382:
13377:
13373:
13358:
13354:
13349:
13345:
13340:
13333:
13323:
13321:
13314:
13307:
13302:
13298:
13285:
13283:
13272:
13268:
13258:
13256:
13246:
13242:
13237:
13233:
13228:
13219:
13214:
13210:
13198:
13194:
13184:
13182:
13173:
13172:
13163:
13152:
13148:
13138:
13136:
13127:
13126:
13122:
13107:
13103:
13088:
13084:
13071:
13067:
13052:
13051:
13047:
13037:
13035:
13032:The White House
13026:
13025:
13021:
13006:
13002:
12992:
12990:
12985:
12984:
12980:
12975:
12966:
12956:
12954:
12943:
12939:
12927:
12924:
12915:
12905:
12903:
12894:
12893:
12889:
12876:
12875:
12871:
12858:
12857:
12853:
12843:
12841:
12829:
12825:
12810:
12809:
12805:
12795:
12793:
12780:
12779:
12775:
12762:
12761:
12757:
12740:
12739:
12735:
12718:
12717:
12713:
12703:
12701:
12691:
12687:
12672:
12668:
12659:
12658:
12654:
12645:
12644:
12640:
12626:
12622:
12617:. The Guardian.
12611:
12607:
12594:
12593:
12589:
12582:www.voanews.com
12576:
12575:
12571:
12562:
12561:
12557:
12542:
12538:
12524:
12520:
12505:
12501:
12488:
12487:
12483:
12470:
12469:
12465:
12452:
12451:
12447:
12434:
12433:
12429:
12416:
12415:
12411:
12398:
12397:
12390:
12381:
12380:
12376:
12361:
12357:
12345:
12344:
12335:
12334:
12322:
12318:
12305:
12304:
12300:
12287:
12286:
12282:
12272:
12270:
12262:La Porte, Amy.
12260:
12256:
12247:
12246:
12235:
12222:
12221:
12217:
12202:
12198:
12185:
12184:
12180:
12173:www.cbsnews.com
12167:
12166:
12162:
12149:
12148:
12144:
12137:www.cbsnews.com
12131:
12130:
12126:
12116:
12114:
12106:
12105:
12101:
12092:
12088:
12079:
12078:
12074:
12067:www.cbsnews.com
12061:
12060:
12053:
12038:
12034:
12024:
12022:
12012:
12008:
11993:
11992:
11988:
11983:. May 22, 2019.
11979:
11978:
11974:
11961:
11960:
11956:
11943:
11942:
11938:
11928:
11926:
11918:
11917:
11913:
11904:
11903:
11899:
11890:
11889:
11885:
11872:
11871:
11867:
11854:
11853:
11849:
11836:
11835:
11831:
11818:
11817:
11813:
11800:
11799:
11795:
11785:
11783:
11775:
11774:
11770:
11761:
11760:
11756:
11751:. The Atlantic.
11745:
11741:
11731:
11729:
11720:
11719:
11715:
11705:
11703:
11691:
11687:
11667:
11663:
11635:
11628:
11619:
11618:
11614:
11599:
11595:
11586:
11582:
11571:
11567:
11557:
11555:
11550:
11549:
11545:
11533:
11529:
11518:
11514:
11504:
11502:
11494:
11493:
11489:
11479:
11477:
11468:
11467:
11463:
11453:
11451:
11443:
11442:
11438:
11433:. June 4, 2019.
11425:
11424:
11420:
11415:. May 22, 2019.
11407:
11406:
11402:
11389:
11388:
11384:
11374:
11372:
11365:
11356:
11347:
11346:
11342:
11333:
11332:
11328:
11319:
11318:
11314:
11299:
11295:
11286:
11285:
11281:
11272:
11271:
11267:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11244:
11243:
11239:
11229:
11227:
11218:
11217:
11213:
11204:
11203:
11196:
11187:
11186:
11179:
11174:. May 23, 2018.
11170:
11169:
11162:
11147:
11143:
11133:
11131:
11124:defensenews.com
11116:
11112:
11099:
11098:
11091:
11080:
11076:
11066:
11064:
11052:
11048:
11033:
11032:
11028:
11019:
11018:
11014:
11004:
11002:
10994:
10993:
10989:
10979:
10977:
10975:Middle East Eye
10969:
10968:
10964:
10954:
10952:
10942:
10938:
10929:
10928:
10924:
10911:
10910:
10906:
10891:
10887:
10874:
10873:
10869:
10856:
10855:
10851:
10838:
10837:
10833:
10818:
10814:
10799:
10798:
10794:
10781:
10777:
10764:
10760:
10748:
10747:
10743:
10731:
10730:
10726:
10716:
10714:
10702:
10698:
10688:
10686:
10675:
10674:
10670:
10652:
10650:
10640:
10636:
10627:
10626:
10622:
10614:
10608:
10604:
10596:
10590:
10586:
10577:
10576:
10572:
10557:
10553:
10540:
10539:
10535:
10527:
10523:
10513:
10511:
10498:
10497:
10493:
10481:
10477:
10468:
10464:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10435:
10431:
10421:
10419:
10418:on May 11, 2013
10408:
10404:
10394:
10392:
10385:
10381:
10368:
10367:
10363:
10353:
10351:
10341:
10337:
10326:
10322:
10312:
10310:
10300:
10296:
10285:
10281:
10266:
10265:
10261:
10251:
10249:
10241:
10240:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10220:
10209:
10205:
10204:
10200:
10187:
10183:
10179:, 12 April 2014
10177:The Independent
10170:
10166:
10151:
10147:
10134:
10133:
10129:
10116:
10115:
10111:
10100:
10096:
10083:
10082:
10078:
10073:
10069:
10059:
10057:
10050:Financial Times
10040:
10036:
10023:
10022:
10018:
10008:
10006:
9994:
9990:
9981:
9980:
9976:
9971:. June 9, 2016.
9961:
9960:
9956:
9935:
9934:
9930:
9921:
9920:
9916:
9907:
9903:
9886:
9882:
9865:
9861:
9850:
9846:
9834:
9833:
9829:
9816:
9815:
9811:
9794:
9790:
9785:. May 18, 2010.
9777:
9776:
9772:
9763:
9759:
9750:
9749:
9745:
9705:
9699:
9695:
9655:
9649:
9645:
9605:
9599:
9595:
9590:on May 6, 2009.
9576:
9575:
9571:
9562:
9561:
9557:
9542:
9535:
9530:. June 2, 2009.
9525:
9524:
9520:
9508:
9507:
9498:
9487:
9483:
9468:
9457:
9447:
9445:
9430:
9429:
9425:
9415:
9413:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9387:
9385:
9372:
9365:
9355:
9353:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9322:
9321:
9317:
9302:
9284:
9273:
9260:
9259:
9255:
9242:
9241:
9237:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9210:
9208:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9180:
9178:
9170:
9169:
9165:
9160:
9156:
9143:
9142:
9138:
9123:
9119:
9106:
9105:
9101:
9091:
9089:
9078:
9077:
9073:
9063:
9061:
9050:
9049:
9045:
9035:
9033:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9007:
9005:
9000:
8999:
8995:
8978:
8974:
8963:
8955:. p. 161.
8940:
8936:
8926:
8924:
8897:
8891:
8887:
8877:
8875:
8870:
8869:
8865:
8860:
8856:
8849:
8827:
8823:
8814:
8810:
8783:
8774:
8769:
8765:
8760:
8756:
8751:. July 2, 1974.
8743:
8742:
8738:
8722:
8718:
8717:
8706:
8691:
8687:
8678:
8674:
8662:
8658:
8648:
8646:
8637:Stone, Oliver.
8635:
8631:
8622:
8618:
8608:
8606:
8605:on 13 July 2006
8595:
8591:
8584:
8566:
8562:
8551:Sociology Study
8547:
8543:
8532:Sociology Study
8528:
8524:
8515:
8508:
8496:
8483:
8456:
8409:
8400:
8396:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8339:
8338:
8334:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8310:
8308:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8275:
8274:
8270:
8261:
8260:
8256:
8246:
8244:
8236:
8235:
8228:
8218:
8216:
8207:
8206:
8199:
8190:
8189:
8185:
8170:
8169:
8165:
8154:
8150:
8141:
8137:
8132:
8128:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8100:
8098:
8088:
8084:
8071:
8070:
8066:
8053:
8052:
8045:
8038:The Independent
8032:
8031:
8027:
8016:
8012:
8003:
8002:
7995:
7980:
7979:
7962:
7952:
7950:
7947:Washington Post
7939:
7935:
7928:National Review
7920:
7916:
7906:
7904:
7891:
7887:
7877:
7875:
7870:
7869:
7865:
7856:
7845:
7832:
7831:
7827:
7817:
7815:
7810:
7809:
7802:
7797:
7790:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7753:
7749:
7738:
7734:
7724:
7722:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7699:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7669:
7660:
7656:
7647:
7643:
7635:
7631:
7630:
7626:
7613:
7612:
7605:
7590:
7586:
7579:
7563:
7559:
7532:
7521:
7511:
7509:
7500:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7424:
7412:
7380:
7378:
7318:Ahmet Davutoğlu
7288:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7249:
7246:
7235:
7224:
7215:
7128:Çankaya Mansion
7120:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7110:, November 2019
7098:U.S. President
7096:
7088:
7087:
7074:U.S. President
7072:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7046:
7038:
7037:
7024:U.S. President
7022:
7013:
7012:
7011:
6998:U.S. President
6996:
6988:
6987:
6984:Çankaya Mansion
6972:
6961:
6854:
6849:
6768:Desmond Lachman
6739:US Think Tanks
6700:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6656:
6654:
6613:
6611:
6581:
6579:Opinion Surveys
6573:
6533:
6485:
6480:
6455:
6446:
6119:Fiscal Year(s)
6109:
6088:
6064:
6025:
5990:nuclear sharing
5986:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5927:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5909:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5891:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5873:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5855:
5839:
5819:
5783:guerrilla force
5754:
5682:is part of the
5676:Wardak Province
5664:
5648:
5631:(OECD) and the
5617:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5590:
5582:
5581:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5547:
5541:
5505:
5495:
5483:
5477:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5395:
5386:
5385:
5370:
5360:
5351:
5325:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5297:
5287:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5263:
5225:
5183:
5173:
5141:
5135:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5062:
5051:
5042:
5036:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4851:
4850:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4798:
4797:
4780:charter schools
4763:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4744:
4743:
4729:
4721:
4720:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4693:, a witness at
4684:
4675:
4674:
4665:(alleged plot)
4643:because of the
4633:Fethullah Gülen
4614:Fethullah Gülen
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4404:unwanted person
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4299:
4277:
4196:MIM-104 Patriot
4166:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4023:
3992:
3982:
3955:Hillary Clinton
3951:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3852:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3742:Binali Yıldırım
3720:
3675:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3587:Ahmet Davutoğlu
3567:
3553:
3545:Rojava conflict
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3454:Siege of Kobanî
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3330:
3298:
3286:Ahmet Davutoglu
3284:
3254:Timber Sycamore
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3200:editor-in-chief
3158:
3144:
3123:said Syria was
3109:Syrian refugees
3098:Hillary Clinton
3074:
3066:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2927:Atomstroyexport
2903:
2898:
2839:nuclear sharing
2824:
2814:
2794:Ahmet Davutoglu
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2663:
2652:
2616:Fethullah Gülen
2600:social movement
2592:
2567:
2446:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2354:
2322:Abdullah Öcalan
2295:
2285:
2257:
2212:Operation Steel
2134:
2124:
2099:
2053:
2041:
1984:
1943:(backed by the
1937:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1868:
1854:
1848:
1835:
1801:Georgios Grivas
1730:
1707:John F. Kennedy
1672:
1653:
1651:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1525:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1432:Turkish Brigade
1428:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1405:Turkish Brigade
1401:Battle of Wawon
1397:
1388:
1387:
1368:Turkish Brigade
1335:began with the
1308:Truman Doctrine
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1223:Truman Doctrine
1185:Turkish Straits
1177:Turkish Straits
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1117:
1097:
998:
992:
907:
884:unwanted person
872:unwanted person
837:Fethullah Gülen
803:National Review
787:
781:
774:
749:
728:
666:
580:
574:
496:
451:
426:
416:
404:Syria civil war
394:), Azerbaijan (
306:Left extremisim
266:Truman Doctrine
258:Turkish Straits
164:interwar period
62:
58:
51:
47:
19:
12:
11:
5:
18226:
18216:
18215:
18210:
18205:
18190:
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18037:
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17935:
17921:
17920:
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17916:
17914:
17913:
17908:
17903:
17898:
17893:
17891:United Nations
17888:
17883:
17878:
17876:European Union
17873:
17868:
17863:
17858:
17852:
17849:
17848:
17835:
17834:
17831:
17830:
17827:
17826:
17824:
17823:
17818:
17813:
17808:
17803:
17798:
17793:
17788:
17783:
17781:Ryukyu Kingdom
17778:
17776:Russian Empire
17773:
17768:
17766:Duchy of Parma
17763:
17758:
17756:Ottoman Empire
17753:
17748:
17743:
17738:
17733:
17728:
17723:
17718:
17713:
17708:
17703:
17698:
17693:
17688:
17686:Czechoslovakia
17683:
17678:
17673:
17668:
17663:
17658:
17653:
17647:
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17407:
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17375:
17370:
17365:
17360:
17354:
17352:
17348:
17347:
17345:
17344:
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17342:
17340:Cayman Islands
17337:
17332:
17325:United Kingdom
17322:
17317:
17312:
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17302:
17297:
17292:
17287:
17282:
17276:
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17270:
17269:
17267:
17266:
17261:
17256:
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17239:
17229:
17224:
17222:Czech Republic
17219:
17214:
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16867:
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16215:
16212:
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16198:
16197:
16187:
16177:
16175:
16171:
16170:
16168:
16167:
16166:
16165:
16160:
16153:Rail transport
16150:
16149:
16148:
16143:
16138:
16133:
16123:
16122:
16121:
16111:
16110:
16109:
16104:
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16069:
16059:
16058:
16057:
16047:
16046:
16045:
16035:
16034:
16033:
16028:
16023:
16016:Treaty of Kars
16013:
16012:
16011:
16006:
15996:
15995:
15994:
15983:
15981:
15973:
15972:
15962:
15961:
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15954:
15953:
15951:
15950:
15945:
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15934:
15932:
15928:
15927:
15925:
15924:
15922:United Nations
15919:
15914:
15909:
15908:
15907:
15900:European Union
15897:
15892:
15886:
15884:
15876:
15875:
15862:
15861:
15858:
15857:
15854:
15853:
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15812:
15808:
15807:
15805:
15804:
15798:
15796:
15792:
15791:
15789:
15788:
15783:
15777:
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15768:
15764:
15763:
15760:
15759:
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15756:
15751:
15746:
15741:
15736:
15731:
15726:
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15713:
15711:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15695:
15690:
15685:
15680:
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15665:
15660:
15655:
15650:
15645:
15640:
15635:
15629:
15627:
15623:
15622:
15620:
15619:
15617:United Kingdom
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15568:
15566:
15562:
15561:
15559:
15558:
15553:
15548:
15543:
15538:
15533:
15527:
15525:
15521:
15520:
15518:
15517:
15512:
15507:
15502:
15500:Czech Republic
15496:
15494:
15487:
15483:
15482:
15479:
15478:
15476:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
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15445:
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15425:
15420:
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15418:
15408:
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15402:
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15375:
15373:
15369:
15368:
15366:
15365:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15345:
15340:
15335:
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15325:
15320:
15315:
15309:
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15294:
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15279:
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15233:
15227:
15225:
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15212:
15207:
15202:
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15186:
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15177:
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15172:
15169:
15168:
15166:
15165:
15160:
15155:
15150:
15145:
15140:
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15115:
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15103:
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15100:
15099:
15094:
15089:
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15077:
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15068:
15063:
15058:
15052:
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14902:
14900:
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14894:
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14879:
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14873:
14868:
14863:
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14827:
14822:
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14777:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14751:
14749:
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14736:
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14726:
14721:
14716:
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14706:
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14691:
14683:
14682:
14669:
14668:
14654:
14653:
14646:
14639:
14631:
14622:
14621:
14609:
14606:
14605:
14603:
14602:
14601:
14600:
14588:
14587:
14586:
14579:Robert College
14576:
14571:
14566:
14561:
14556:
14551:
14546:
14541:
14536:
14531:
14526:
14521:
14516:
14511:
14506:
14501:
14495:
14493:
14489:
14488:
14486:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14439:
14438:
14427:
14425:
14421:
14420:
14418:
14417:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14397:
14392:
14387:
14385:Andrew Brunson
14382:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14357:
14351:
14349:
14345:
14344:
14342:
14341:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14320:
14318:
14314:
14313:
14311:
14310:
14305:
14304:
14303:
14293:
14288:
14283:
14278:
14272:
14270:
14266:
14265:
14244:
14243:
14236:
14229:
14221:
14215:
14214:
14209:
14192:
14187:
14180:
14179:External links
14177:
14176:
14175:
14168:
14161:
14154:
14147:
14141:
14140:
14139:
14121:
14114:
14107:
14097:
14090:
14089:12 (2016): 13+
14083:Sanberk, Özdem
14080:
14070:
14062:Nash, Philip.
14060:
14054:
14034:
14027:
14020:
14013:
14006:
13999:
13992:
13985:
13978:
13960:(2): 431–451.
13949:
13939:
13938:(Brill, 2009).
13932:
13925:
13915:
13908:
13901:
13887:
13880:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13862:
13844:
13818:
13784:
13758:
13755:. May 1, 2009.
13741:
13736:Sunday’s Zaman
13726:
13711:
13696:
13679:
13654:
13625:
13607:
13577:
13555:
13533:
13507:
13475:
13455:
13419:
13410:
13395:
13391:Defense Update
13380:
13371:
13365:2012-07-09 at
13352:
13343:
13331:
13305:
13296:
13266:
13240:
13231:
13217:
13208:
13192:
13161:
13146:
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13101:
13082:
13065:
13045:
13019:
13000:
12978:
12964:
12937:
12913:
12887:
12869:
12851:
12838:New York Times
12823:
12803:
12773:
12755:
12733:
12711:
12685:
12666:
12652:
12638:
12620:
12605:
12587:
12569:
12555:
12536:
12518:
12499:
12481:
12463:
12445:
12427:
12409:
12388:
12374:
12355:
12316:
12298:
12280:
12254:
12233:
12215:
12196:
12178:
12160:
12142:
12124:
12099:
12086:
12072:
12051:
12040:Cheney, Kyle.
12032:
12006:
11986:
11972:
11954:
11936:
11911:
11897:
11883:
11865:
11847:
11829:
11811:
11793:
11768:
11754:
11739:
11713:
11685:
11661:
11642:Cooper, Helene
11626:
11612:
11593:
11580:
11565:
11543:
11527:
11512:
11487:
11474:Balkan Insight
11461:
11436:
11418:
11400:
11382:
11354:
11340:
11326:
11312:
11293:
11279:
11265:
11251:
11237:
11211:
11194:
11177:
11160:
11141:
11110:
11089:
11074:
11046:
11026:
11012:
10987:
10962:
10936:
10922:
10904:
10885:
10867:
10849:
10831:
10826:Bloomberg View
10812:
10792:
10775:
10758:
10741:
10724:
10696:
10668:
10634:
10620:
10602:
10584:
10570:
10551:
10533:
10521:
10491:
10475:
10462:
10448:
10429:
10402:
10379:
10374:whitehouse.gov
10361:
10335:
10320:
10294:
10279:
10273:Foreign Policy
10259:
10234:
10198:
10181:
10164:
10145:
10127:
10109:
10094:
10076:
10067:
10034:
10016:
9988:
9974:
9954:
9928:
9914:
9901:
9880:
9859:
9844:
9841:. May 2, 2009.
9827:
9809:
9788:
9770:
9757:
9743:
9716:(3): 141–152.
9693:
9666:(3): 141–152.
9643:
9616:(3): 141–152.
9593:
9569:
9555:
9533:
9518:
9515:. May 2, 2009.
9496:
9481:
9455:
9423:
9395:
9363:
9335:
9315:
9300:
9271:
9253:
9235:
9218:
9188:
9163:
9154:
9136:
9117:
9099:
9071:
9043:
9015:
8993:
8972:
8961:
8934:
8908:(3): 248–265.
8885:
8863:
8854:
8848:978-0684827261
8847:
8821:
8808:
8772:
8763:
8754:
8736:
8704:
8685:
8672:
8656:
8629:
8616:
8589:
8582:
8572:. Atglen, PA:
8560:
8541:
8522:
8506:
8481:
8461:, ed. (1996).
8407:
8394:
8380:
8360:
8346:
8332:
8318:
8296:
8282:
8268:
8254:
8226:
8215:. May 13, 2022
8197:
8183:
8163:
8148:
8135:
8126:
8108:
8082:
8064:
8043:
8025:
8010:
7993:
7960:
7933:
7914:
7900:Foreign Policy
7885:
7863:
7843:
7825:
7800:
7788:
7770:
7756:
7747:
7732:
7702:
7688:
7667:
7654:
7641:
7624:
7603:
7584:
7577:
7557:
7519:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7443:Turkey in NATO
7440:
7435:
7430:
7423:
7420:
7411:
7408:
7377:
7374:
7274:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7247:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7185:
7178:
7175:
7168:
7165:
7158:
7155:
7148:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7115:
7114:
7097:
7090:
7089:
7073:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7054:George W. Bush
7047:
7040:
7039:
7026:George W. Bush
7023:
7016:
7015:
7014:
6997:
6990:
6989:
6973:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6951:is located in
6945:Ankara, Turkey
6939:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6837:David Ignatius
6831:
6828:
6827:
6826:US Journalist
6824:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6793:Soner Cagaptay
6786:
6780:
6771:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6605:
6580:
6577:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6561:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6540:Robert College
6537:
6532:
6529:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6454:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6105:
6087:
6084:
6063:
6060:
6024:
6021:
6006:PGM-19 Jupiter
5985:
5982:
5940:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5920:
5911:
5910:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5885:
5884:
5875:
5874:
5867:
5866:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5818:
5815:
5753:
5750:
5739:Gerald R. Ford
5702:in 1992–2004.
5663:
5660:
5647:
5644:
5616:
5613:
5591:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5551:Antony Blinken
5540:
5537:
5494:
5491:
5486:Devlet Bahçeli
5481:Aegean dispute
5476:
5473:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5359:
5356:
5323:
5288:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5262:
5259:
5233:Antony Blinken
5224:
5221:
5172:
5169:
5165:Anadolu Agency
5139:Aegean dispute
5134:
5131:
5084:Abraham Accord
5063:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5034:
4945:Suleyman Soylu
4941:Abdulhamit Gül
4905:Andrew Brunson
4888:
4882:
4875:
4874:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4840:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4822:
4815:
4814:
4808:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4767:Robert Mueller
4753:
4746:
4745:
4730:
4723:
4722:
4715:Mueller report
4712:
4705:
4704:
4687:Robert Mueller
4685:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4637:gulen movement
4605:
4602:
4591:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4524:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4276:
4273:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4111:
4099:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4022:
4019:
3981:
3978:
3959:Gülen movement
3937:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3843:Anadolu Agency
3830:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3782:
3781:
3770:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3719:
3716:
3705:Serzh Sargsyan
3674:
3671:
3646:ceasefire deal
3629:
3622:
3621:
3617:Davos incident
3614:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3601:Neo-Ottomanism
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3583:Neo-Ottomanism
3557:Neo-Ottomanism
3552:
3549:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3492:
3491:
3480:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3450:Mazloum Kobani
3393:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3328:
3282:
3262:H. R. McMaster
3222:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3142:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:Miami, Florida
2896:
2887:P5+1 countries
2875:Hassan Rouhani
2813:
2810:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2596:Gülen movement
2591:
2588:
2566:
2563:
2539:Ugly Americans
2445:
2442:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2353:
2350:
2284:
2281:
2261:strategic ally
2256:
2253:
2236:Jalal Talabani
2232:Masoud Barzani
2228:
2227:
2224:Operation Dawn
2221:
2215:
2209:
2177:following the
2164:Necip Torumtay
2123:
2120:
2098:
2095:
2052:
2049:
2040:
2037:
1983:
1980:
1936:
1933:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1846:
1742:British Cyprus
1729:
1726:
1689:deployment in
1671:
1668:
1650:
1647:
1636:Francis Powers
1547:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1429:
1414:
1413:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1341:Adnan Menderes
1339:government of
1286:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1096:
1093:
1042:Anadolu Agency
991:
988:
909:Vice president
901:Vice President
864:Andrew Brunson
807:Cato Institute
770:
769:
754:
753:
734:
720:
714:
713:
710:
703:
697:
696:
693:Necip Torumtay
689:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:United States
674:
669:Controversies
665:
662:
630:
629:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
613:
612:
611:
605:
604:
601:
597:
596:
595:United States
593:
573:
570:
562:European Union
540:Konya Airbases
528:Turkey in NATO
492:
491:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
475:
474:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:United States
450:
447:
430:Ottoman Empire
415:
412:
400:Iraqi conflict
294:Johnson letter
157:Turkey in NATO
149:United Nations
112:
111:
103:
93:
92:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
55:
43:
42:
40:
37:
36:
33:
32:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18225:
18214:
18211:
18209:
18206:
18204:
18201:
18200:
18198:
18188:
18187:United States
18178:
18176:
18166:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18153:
18150:
18129:
18126:
18124:
18121:
18119:
18116:
18114:
18111:
18109:
18106:
18104:
18101:
18099:
18098:Domino theory
18096:
18094:
18091:
18089:
18086:
18084:
18081:
18080:
18078:
18072:
18066:
18063:
18061:
18058:
18056:
18053:
18051:
18048:
18046:
18043:
18041:
18038:
18036:
18033:
18032:
18030:
18026:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17975:
17972:
17970:
17967:
17965:
17962:
17960:
17957:
17955:
17952:
17951:
17949:
17947:
17941:
17937:
17932:
17926:
17922:
17912:
17909:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17894:
17892:
17889:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17881:Latin America
17879:
17877:
17874:
17872:
17869:
17867:
17864:
17862:
17859:
17857:
17854:
17853:
17850:
17845:
17840:
17836:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17814:
17812:
17809:
17807:
17804:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17784:
17782:
17779:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17764:
17762:
17759:
17757:
17754:
17752:
17749:
17747:
17744:
17742:
17739:
17737:
17734:
17732:
17729:
17727:
17724:
17722:
17719:
17717:
17714:
17712:
17709:
17707:
17704:
17702:
17701:German Empire
17699:
17697:
17694:
17692:
17689:
17687:
17684:
17682:
17679:
17677:
17674:
17672:
17669:
17667:
17664:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17648:
17646:
17644:Former states
17642:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17617:
17614:
17613:
17611:
17607:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17586:
17583:
17581:
17578:
17577:
17575:
17571:
17565:
17562:
17560:
17557:
17555:
17552:
17550:
17547:
17546:
17544:
17540:
17534:
17531:
17529:
17526:
17525:
17523:
17519:
17516:
17512:
17502:
17499:
17497:
17494:
17492:
17489:
17487:
17484:
17482:
17481:Liechtenstein
17479:
17477:
17474:
17472:
17469:
17467:
17464:
17462:
17459:
17458:
17456:
17452:
17446:
17443:
17441:
17438:
17436:
17433:
17431:
17428:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17406:
17403:
17401:
17398:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17384:
17381:
17380:
17379:
17376:
17374:
17371:
17369:
17366:
17364:
17361:
17359:
17356:
17355:
17353:
17349:
17341:
17338:
17336:
17333:
17331:
17328:
17327:
17326:
17323:
17321:
17318:
17316:
17313:
17311:
17308:
17306:
17303:
17301:
17298:
17296:
17293:
17291:
17288:
17286:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17277:
17275:
17271:
17265:
17262:
17260:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17250:
17247:
17245:
17242:
17238:
17235:
17234:
17233:
17230:
17228:
17225:
17223:
17220:
17218:
17215:
17213:
17210:
17209:
17207:
17203:
17200:
17196:
17186:
17183:
17181:
17178:
17176:
17173:
17171:
17168:
17166:
17163:
17161:
17158:
17156:
17153:
17151:
17148:
17146:
17143:
17141:
17138:
17136:
17133:
17129:
17126:
17125:
17124:
17121:
17119:
17116:
17114:
17111:
17109:
17106:
17104:
17101:
17099:
17096:
17094:
17091:
17090:
17088:
17084:
17078:
17075:
17073:
17070:
17068:
17065:
17063:
17060:
17058:
17055:
17053:
17050:
17048:
17045:
17043:
17040:
17038:
17035:
17033:
17030:
17028:
17025:
17024:
17022:
17018:
17012:
17009:
17005:
17002:
17001:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16977:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16966:
16964:
16960:
16954:
16951:
16949:
16946:
16944:
16941:
16939:
16936:
16934:
16931:
16927:
16924:
16922:
16919:
16918:
16917:
16914:
16913:
16911:
16907:
16901:
16898:
16896:
16893:
16891:
16888:
16886:
16883:
16881:
16878:
16877:
16875:
16871:
16868:
16864:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16846:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16799:
16796:
16795:
16793:
16789:
16781:
16778:
16777:
16776:
16773:
16772:
16770:
16766:
16760:
16757:
16755:
16752:
16750:
16747:
16745:
16742:
16740:
16737:
16735:
16732:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16715:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16645:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16632:
16622:
16619:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16581:Guinea-Bissau
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16567:
16564:
16562:
16561:Côte d'Ivoire
16559:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16543:
16541:
16537:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16518:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16508:
16507:
16505:
16501:
16495:
16492:
16490:
16487:
16483:
16480:
16479:
16478:
16475:
16473:
16470:
16468:
16465:
16463:
16460:
16459:
16457:
16453:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16420:
16417:
16416:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16397:
16395:
16392:
16390:
16387:
16385:
16382:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16351:
16349:
16345:
16339:
16336:
16334:
16331:
16329:
16326:
16324:
16321:
16319:
16316:
16314:
16311:
16309:
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16296:
16295:
16293:
16289:
16286:
16282:
16278:
16273:
16268:
16264:
16260:
16255:
16246:
16241:
16239:
16234:
16232:
16227:
16226:
16223:
16203:
16200:
16196:
16193:
16192:
16191:
16188:
16186:
16182:
16179:
16178:
16176:
16172:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16158:Greece–Turkey
16156:
16155:
16154:
16151:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16128:
16127:
16124:
16120:
16117:
16116:
16115:
16112:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16100:
16099:
16098:
16095:
16094:
16092:
16088:
16080:
16077:
16076:
16075:
16072:
16068:
16065:
16064:
16063:
16060:
16056:
16053:
16052:
16051:
16048:
16044:
16041:
16040:
16039:
16036:
16032:
16029:
16027:
16024:
16022:
16019:
16018:
16017:
16014:
16010:
16007:
16005:
16002:
16001:
16000:
15997:
15993:
15990:
15989:
15988:
15985:
15984:
15982:
15978:
15974:
15967:
15963:
15949:
15946:
15944:
15941:
15939:
15936:
15935:
15933:
15929:
15923:
15920:
15918:
15915:
15913:
15910:
15906:
15903:
15902:
15901:
15898:
15896:
15893:
15891:
15888:
15887:
15885:
15881:
15877:
15872:
15867:
15863:
15849:
15846:
15844:
15841:
15840:
15838:
15836:Former states
15834:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15815:
15813:
15809:
15803:
15800:
15799:
15797:
15793:
15787:
15784:
15782:
15779:
15778:
15776:
15772:
15769:
15765:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15737:
15735:
15732:
15730:
15727:
15725:
15722:
15721:
15719:
15715:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15649:
15646:
15644:
15641:
15639:
15636:
15634:
15631:
15630:
15628:
15624:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15569:
15567:
15563:
15557:
15554:
15552:
15549:
15547:
15544:
15542:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15532:
15529:
15528:
15526:
15522:
15516:
15513:
15511:
15508:
15506:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15497:
15495:
15491:
15488:
15484:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15426:
15424:
15421:
15417:
15414:
15413:
15412:
15409:
15407:
15404:
15400:
15397:
15396:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15380:
15377:
15376:
15374:
15370:
15364:
15361:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15351:
15349:
15346:
15344:
15341:
15339:
15336:
15334:
15331:
15329:
15326:
15324:
15321:
15319:
15316:
15314:
15311:
15310:
15308:
15304:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15278:
15275:
15273:
15270:
15269:
15267:
15263:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15228:
15226:
15222:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15203:
15201:
15198:
15196:
15193:
15191:
15188:
15187:
15185:
15181:
15178:
15174:
15164:
15161:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15144:
15141:
15139:
15136:
15134:
15131:
15129:
15126:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15114:
15111:
15110:
15108:
15104:
15098:
15097:United States
15095:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15084:
15082:
15078:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15053:
15051:
15047:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15031:
15028:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15018:
15016:
15013:
15012:
15010:
15006:
15003:
14999:
14989:
14986:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14948:Guinea-Bissau
14946:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14936:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14928:Côte d'Ivoire
14926:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14910:
14908:
14904:
14898:
14895:
14893:
14890:
14889:
14887:
14883:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14853:
14851:
14847:
14841:
14838:
14836:
14833:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14750:
14746:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14722:
14720:
14717:
14715:
14712:
14710:
14707:
14705:
14702:
14701:
14699:
14695:
14692:
14688:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14670:
14666:
14661:
14652:
14647:
14645:
14640:
14638:
14633:
14632:
14629:
14619:
14618:
14607:
14599:
14598:
14594:
14593:
14592:
14589:
14585:
14582:
14581:
14580:
14577:
14575:
14572:
14570:
14567:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14537:
14535:
14532:
14530:
14527:
14525:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14496:
14494:
14490:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
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14350:
14346:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14321:
14319:
14315:
14309:
14306:
14302:
14301:Turkish House
14299:
14298:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14279:
14277:
14274:
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14230:
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14213:
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14201:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14182:
14173:
14169:
14166:
14162:
14159:
14156:Uslu, Nasuh.
14155:
14152:
14149:Uslu, Nasuh.
14148:
14146:
14142:
14137:
14133:
14129:
14128:
14126:
14122:
14119:
14115:
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14108:
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14098:
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14088:
14084:
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13997:
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13959:
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13926:
13924:
13920:
13916:
13913:
13909:
13907:(2016): 1-25.
13906:
13902:
13899:
13895:
13891:
13888:
13885:
13881:
13879:
13875:
13872:Aslan, Omer.
13871:
13870:
13858:
13857:www.aa.com.tr
13854:
13848:
13833:
13829:
13822:
13806:
13802:
13798:
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13776:
13769:
13767:
13765:
13763:
13754:
13753:
13752:Today's Zaman
13745:
13737:
13730:
13722:
13721:Today's Zaman
13715:
13707:
13706:Today's Zaman
13700:
13692:
13691:
13690:Today's Zaman
13683:
13668:
13667:www.gmfus.org
13664:
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13611:
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13436:
13429:
13423:
13414:
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13399:
13392:
13389:
13384:
13375:
13368:
13367:archive.today
13364:
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13319:
13312:
13310:
13300:
13293:
13281:
13277:
13270:
13255:
13251:
13244:
13235:
13226:
13224:
13222:
13212:
13205:
13202:
13199:Knee, Daryl.
13196:
13180:
13176:
13170:
13168:
13166:
13157:
13150:
13134:
13130:
13124:
13116:
13112:
13105:
13097:
13093:
13086:
13079:
13075:
13072:Laura Kelly,
13069:
13061:
13060:
13059:aljazeera.com
13055:
13049:
13033:
13029:
13023:
13015:
13011:
13004:
12989:. White House
12988:
12982:
12973:
12971:
12969:
12952:
12948:
12941:
12934:
12933:public domain
12922:
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12901:
12897:
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12865:
12861:
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12813:
12807:
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12747:
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12715:
12700:
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12689:
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12642:
12635:
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12591:
12583:
12579:
12573:
12565:
12559:
12551:
12547:
12540:
12532:
12529:
12522:
12514:
12513:The Telegraph
12510:
12503:
12495:
12491:
12485:
12477:
12473:
12467:
12459:
12455:
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12370:
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12219:
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12090:
12082:
12076:
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12064:
12058:
12056:
12047:
12043:
12036:
12021:
12017:
12010:
12002:
12001:
11996:
11990:
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11976:
11968:
11964:
11958:
11950:
11946:
11940:
11925:
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11907:
11901:
11893:
11887:
11879:
11875:
11869:
11861:
11857:
11851:
11843:
11839:
11833:
11825:
11821:
11815:
11807:
11803:
11797:
11782:
11778:
11772:
11764:
11758:
11750:
11743:
11727:
11723:
11717:
11702:
11701:
11696:
11689:
11681:
11680:
11675:
11671:
11665:
11657:
11656:
11651:
11647:
11646:Schmitt, Eric
11643:
11639:
11638:Landler, Mark
11633:
11631:
11622:
11616:
11608:
11604:
11597:
11590:
11584:
11576:
11569:
11553:
11547:
11540:
11537:
11531:
11524:
11521:
11516:
11501:
11497:
11491:
11475:
11471:
11465:
11450:
11446:
11440:
11432:
11428:
11422:
11414:
11410:
11404:
11396:
11392:
11386:
11370:
11363:
11361:
11359:
11350:
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11336:
11330:
11322:
11316:
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11304:
11297:
11289:
11283:
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11190:
11184:
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11173:
11167:
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11145:
11129:
11125:
11121:
11114:
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11102:
11096:
11094:
11085:
11078:
11063:
11062:
11057:
11050:
11042:
11041:
11036:
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11022:
11016:
11001:
10997:
10991:
10976:
10972:
10966:
10951:
10947:
10940:
10932:
10926:
10918:
10914:
10908:
10900:
10896:
10889:
10881:
10877:
10871:
10863:
10859:
10853:
10845:
10841:
10835:
10827:
10823:
10816:
10808:
10807:
10802:
10796:
10788:
10787:
10786:Today's Zaman
10779:
10771:
10770:
10769:Today's Zaman
10762:
10754:
10753:
10752:Today's Zaman
10745:
10737:
10736:
10735:Today's Zaman
10728:
10713:
10712:
10707:
10700:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10672:
10665:
10663:
10649:
10645:
10638:
10630:
10624:
10613:
10606:
10595:
10588:
10580:
10574:
10566:
10562:
10555:
10547:
10543:
10537:
10530:
10525:
10509:
10505:
10501:
10495:
10488:
10487:The Economist
10484:
10479:
10472:
10469:Hannah Allam
10466:
10458:
10452:
10444:
10440:
10433:
10417:
10413:
10406:
10390:
10383:
10375:
10371:
10365:
10350:
10346:
10339:
10331:
10324:
10309:
10305:
10298:
10290:
10283:
10275:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10248:
10244:
10238:
10219:
10215:
10208:
10202:
10195:
10191:
10185:
10178:
10174:
10168:
10160:
10156:
10149:
10141:
10140:Bloomberg.com
10137:
10131:
10123:
10119:
10113:
10105:
10098:
10090:
10086:
10080:
10071:
10055:
10051:
10046:
10038:
10030:
10026:
10020:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9992:
9984:
9978:
9970:
9969:
9968:The Economist
9964:
9958:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9938:
9932:
9924:
9918:
9911:
9905:
9897:
9896:
9891:
9884:
9876:
9875:
9870:
9863:
9856:
9853:
9848:
9840:
9839:
9838:Today's Zaman
9831:
9823:
9819:
9813:
9805:
9804:
9799:
9792:
9784:
9780:
9774:
9767:
9761:
9753:
9747:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9704:
9697:
9689:
9685:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9654:
9647:
9639:
9635:
9631:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9604:
9597:
9589:
9585:
9584:
9583:Today's Zaman
9579:
9573:
9565:
9559:
9551:
9547:
9540:
9538:
9529:
9528:Today's Zaman
9522:
9514:
9513:
9512:Today's Zaman
9505:
9503:
9501:
9492:
9485:
9477:
9473:
9466:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9443:
9439:
9438:
9433:
9427:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9399:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9370:
9368:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9339:
9331:
9330:
9329:The Economist
9325:
9319:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9297:
9293:
9289:
9282:
9280:
9278:
9276:
9267:
9263:
9257:
9249:
9245:
9239:
9231:
9225:
9223:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9192:
9177:
9173:
9167:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9121:
9113:
9109:
9103:
9087:
9086:
9081:
9075:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9047:
9031:
9030:
9025:
9019:
9003:
8997:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8976:
8969:
8964:
8962:0-521-85268-4
8958:
8954:
8950:
8946:
8938:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8873:
8867:
8858:
8850:
8844:
8840:
8835:
8834:
8825:
8818:
8812:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8788:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8767:
8758:
8750:
8746:
8740:
8732:
8728:
8721:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8700:
8696:
8689:
8682:
8676:
8670:
8666:
8660:
8644:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8623:Philip Nash,
8620:
8604:
8600:
8593:
8585:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8564:
8556:
8552:
8545:
8537:
8533:
8526:
8519:
8513:
8511:
8503:
8502:public domain
8492:
8488:
8484:
8482:0-8444-0864-6
8478:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8465:
8460:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8404:
8398:
8390:
8384:
8376:
8375:
8370:
8364:
8356:
8350:
8342:
8336:
8328:
8322:
8311:September 20,
8306:
8300:
8292:
8286:
8278:
8272:
8264:
8258:
8243:
8242:www.aa.com.tr
8239:
8233:
8231:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8202:
8193:
8187:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8159:
8152:
8145:
8139:
8130:
8122:
8118:
8112:
8097:
8093:
8086:
8078:
8074:
8068:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8048:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8021:
8014:
8006:
8000:
7998:
7989:
7988:
7987:The Economist
7983:
7977:
7975:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7948:
7944:
7937:
7929:
7925:
7918:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7889:
7873:
7867:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7813:
7807:
7805:
7795:
7793:
7784:
7780:
7774:
7766:
7760:
7751:
7745:
7741:
7736:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7684:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7665:(2005) p 1080
7664:
7658:
7651:
7645:
7634:
7628:
7620:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7599:
7595:
7588:
7580:
7578:0-941664-84-8
7574:
7570:
7569:
7561:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7493:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7438:Turkish House
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7419:
7417:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7335:
7332:
7331:Robert Wexler
7328:
7324:
7319:
7316:
7311:
7309:
7306:axis. Former
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7278:
7271:
7219:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7163:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7070:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7020:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6994:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6866:
6858:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6764:Michael Rubin
6761:
6758:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6704:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6664:
6652:
6651:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6576:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6494:
6489:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6450:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:Total Grants
6139:
6137:Other Grants
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6112:
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5765:Western Union
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4062:CIA Director
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2372:War on Terror
2365:War on Terror
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2356:According to
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255:
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207:Ottoman Syria
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18074:Policies and
17944:Presidential
17844:Multilateral
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17761:Papal States
17691:East Germany
17616:Cook Islands
17237:Transnistria
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17165:Saudi Arabia
16895:Turkmenistan
16616:Sierra Leone
16551:Burkina Faso
16530:South Africa
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15843:Soviet Union
15708:Vatican City
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15210:Turkmenistan
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14983:Sierra Leone
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13890:Baran, Zeyno
13883:
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13847:
13835:. Retrieved
13831:
13821:
13809:. Retrieved
13805:the original
13800:
13778:
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13735:
13729:
13720:
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13688:
13682:
13672:February 26,
13670:. Retrieved
13666:
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13640:
13628:
13619:
13610:
13598:. Retrieved
13594:
13568:. Retrieved
13558:
13546:. Retrieved
13536:
13526:December 10,
13524:. Retrieved
13521:The Atlantic
13520:
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13500:December 22,
13498:. Retrieved
13494:the original
13487:
13478:
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13439:the original
13434:
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13390:
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13346:
13322:. Retrieved
13299:
13291:
13284:. Retrieved
13282:(in Turkish)
13279:
13269:
13259:February 20,
13257:. Retrieved
13253:
13243:
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13211:
13203:
13195:
13183:. Retrieved
13178:
13154:Joe, GOULD.
13149:
13137:. Retrieved
13132:
13123:
13115:Defense News
13114:
13104:
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13068:
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13036:. Retrieved
13031:
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12981:
12955:. Retrieved
12950:
12940:
12904:. Retrieved
12899:
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12864:PBS NewsHour
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12854:
12842:. Retrieved
12836:
12826:
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12806:
12794:. Retrieved
12785:
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12736:
12723:
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12698:
12688:
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12633:
12632:. BBC News.
12623:
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12329:
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12267:
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12212:. Vox Media.
12209:
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12117:November 17,
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12111:
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12023:. Retrieved
12019:
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11927:. Retrieved
11923:
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11780:
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11725:
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11698:
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11546:
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11505:December 14,
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11499:
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11473:
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11448:
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11228:. Retrieved
11223:
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11123:
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11077:
11065:. Retrieved
11061:The Guardian
11059:
11049:
11038:
11029:
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11003:. Retrieved
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10990:
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10313:February 28,
10311:. Retrieved
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10250:. Retrieved
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10218:the original
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10158:
10148:
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10060:February 16,
10058:. Retrieved
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10007:. Retrieved
10001:
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8592:
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8299:
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7874:. Al Jazeera
7866:
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7828:
7816:. Retrieved
7814:. Al Jazeera
7783:the original
7773:
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7750:
7743:
7740:Selwyn Lloyd
7735:
7723:. Retrieved
7714:
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7506:the original
7496:
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7413:
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7346:İlker Başbuğ
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7030:Abdullah Gül
6947:, while the
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6778:Daniel Pipes
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5096:Pew Research
5077:
5069:Hagia Sophia
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5030:
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4937:
4925:Selina Dogan
4901:Serkan Golge
4899:
4825:Resurrection
4794:Evangelicals
4764:
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4622:
4618:Pennsylvania
4607:
4534:
4496:Brett McGurk
4481:James Mattis
4456:
4448:
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4377:
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4262:
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4069:Donald Trump
4061:
4037:
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4008:
3993:
3967:
3963:Donald Trump
3952:
3840:
3832:John Brennan
3747:The Guardian
3745:
3727:
3724:Joseph Votel
3721:
3708:
3688:
3676:
3668:
3652:
3615:2009 Davos:
3568:
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3523:Mazloum Abdi
3427:
3421:
3402:
3338:(April 2016)
3336:The Atlantic
3324:
3300:
3296:(Feb 3 2017)
3275:
3266:Donald Trump
3258:Saudi Arabia
3247:
3233:
3160:
3154:The Atlantic
3134:
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3075:
3067:
3043:
3025:
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2951:
2921:managed the
2916:
2892:
2872:
2852:
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2797:
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2763:Robert Casey
2753:
2632:
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2593:
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2550:
2518:
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2473:
2461:
2422:
2399:
2387:Abdullah Gül
2355:
2311:
2296:
2277:Bill Clinton
2258:
2249:
2241:Bill Clinton
2229:
2200:
2172:
2153:
2141:F-14A Tomcat
2116:
2108:
2054:
2042:
2022:
1996:
1985:
1973:
1969:
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1919:war on drugs
1916:
1907:War on Drugs
1860:
1856:
1843:
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1833:
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1798:
1769:
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1629:US Air Force
1613:Lockheed U-2
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1470:
1358:invasion by
1345:
1320:
1305:
1301:Soviet Union
1293:
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900:
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868:John R. Bass
845:Pennsylvania
791:Barack Obama
788:
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750:
740:in 2018 and
722:
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434:Barbary Wars
427:
424:Barbary Wars
406:) and Iran (
353:
349:
298:War on drugs
251:
239:Palestinians
199:World War II
171:World War II
168:
161:
137:World War II
132:
131:
15:
18103:Foreign aid
18093:Containment
18045:Kirkpatrick
17929:Doctrines,
17886:Middle East
17861:Arab League
17533:New Zealand
17521:Australasia
17501:Switzerland
17496:Netherlands
17062:Philippines
16969:Afghanistan
16948:South Korea
16943:North Korea
16734:El Salvador
16426:South Sudan
16131:Blue Stream
16126:Natural gas
15895:Arab League
15786:New Zealand
15774:Australasia
15754:Switzerland
15749:Netherlands
15348:Philippines
15251:South Korea
15246:North Korea
15190:Afghanistan
14815:South Sudan
14591:Billy Hayes
13837:November 3,
13811:November 3,
13286:October 21,
13280:Star Gazete
12844:October 25,
12796:October 16,
12273:October 22,
11929:October 25,
11706:October 17,
11539:Lawfare.com
11480:December 9,
11086:. NBC News.
11067:October 23,
10514:February 9,
10227:November 5,
9730:11693/21371
9680:11693/21371
9630:11693/21371
9388:October 11,
9266:www.cnn.com
9248:www.cnn.com
9211:October 12,
9176:www.cnn.com
9036:December 2,
8878:January 28,
8643:www.sho.com
8247:November 7,
8219:November 7,
7818:January 21,
7512:October 30,
7368:during the
7358:Afghanistan
7354:Mike Mullen
7206:White House
7199:White House
7192:White House
7182:White House
7172:White House
7162:White House
7152:White House
7142:White House
7135:White House
7108:White House
7084:White House
7058:White House
7034:White House
7008:White House
6882:Diplomatic
6566:(1886–1924)
6493:Safak Pavey
5817:Cooperation
5773:Warsaw Pact
5761:stay-behind
5717:During the
5680:Afghanistan
5564:Air defense
5216:Mike Pompeo
5197:Eliot Engel
5025:Burger King
4961:Section 232
4782:in the US.
4691:Reza Zarrab
4669:delivering
4396:John McCain
4064:Gina Haspel
3638:discussing
3311:John McCain
3270:Mike Pompeo
3100:meets with
2967:Reza Zarrab
2947:natural gas
2546:Hilmi Özkök
2530:Sulaimaniya
2509:Hilmi Özkök
2480:Dick Cheney
2456:Hilmi Özkök
2433:Ross Wilson
2243:signed the
2025:stay-behind
1976:Warsaw Pact
1825:Ismet Inonu
1790:George Ball
1590:countries.
1588:Warsaw Pact
1538:Celal Bayar
1459:Silver Star
1436:1st Cavalry
1409:2. Inf. Div
1381:Containment
1348:containment
1105:İsmet İnönü
1006:John McCain
942:Section 232
876:John McCain
841:Saylorsburg
839:, lives in
765:No-Fly Zone
384:Dardanelles
286:Containment
211:dissolution
179:Middle East
128:, June 2022
18197:Categories
18050:Weinberger
17979:Eisenhower
17933:, concepts
17821:Yugoslavia
17590:Micronesia
17573:Micronesia
17486:Luxembourg
17430:San Marino
17415:Montenegro
17098:Azerbaijan
17037:East Timor
16974:Bangladesh
16900:Uzbekistan
16890:Tajikistan
16885:Kyrgyzstan
16880:Kazakhstan
16729:Costa Rica
16596:Mauritania
16566:The Gambia
16556:Cape Verde
16419:Somaliland
16409:Seychelles
16399:Mozambique
16384:Madagascar
16146:TurkStream
16026:Azerbaijan
15931:Historical
15848:Yugoslavia
15744:Luxembourg
15688:San Marino
15668:Montenegro
15384:Azerbaijan
15323:East Timor
15272:Bangladesh
15215:Uzbekistan
15205:Tajikistan
15200:Kyrgyzstan
15195:Kazakhstan
15056:Costa Rica
14963:Mauritania
14933:The Gambia
14923:Cape Verde
14805:Seychelles
14795:Mozambique
14780:Madagascar
14370:Hood event
13435:sam.gov.tr
12768:The Nation
12649:. US News.
11786:October 9,
11431:Al-Jazeera
10844:Yeni Safak
10711:L.A. Times
10662:sich klar.
10648:Tagesschau
10504:Al-Monitor
10412:"red line"
9855:Al Jazeera
9550:Al Jazeera
9310:1353290533
9201:abc.net.au
9092:January 5,
9064:January 5,
8797:(3): 475.
8733:(33): 336.
8645:. Showtime
7725:August 24,
7546:(3): 471.
7489:References
7366:İskenderun
7348:hosted US
7204:11/13/19,
7197:11/09/17,
7190:05/16/17,
7180:05/16/13,
7170:01/08/08,
7160:09/04/00,
7150:09/27/99,
7140:05/31/78,
7126:12/07/59,
7086:, May 2013
6647:Difference
6453:Milestones
6264:2002-2008
6235:1993-2001
6206:1982-1992
6177:1976-1981
6148:1948-1975
5966:, and the
5696:Korean War
5533:Azerbaijan
5332:Biden, Joe
5017:McDonald's
4775:Bijan Kian
4740:supporters
4732:Bijan Kian
4511:Susan Rice
4279:See also:
4154:See also:
3984:See also:
3729:Yeni Şafak
3632:John Kerry
3594:policies.
3571:Ottomanism
3309:occurred.
3207:Can Dündar
3204:Cumhuriyet
3146:Susan Rice
3137:safe zones
3113:safe zones
3050:Diyarbakır
2894:diplomacy.
2796:said that
2526:hood event
2404:after the
2287:See also:
2126:See also:
1965:Green Line
1939:After the
1911:See also:
1886:Nihat Erim
1748:(EOKA), a
1740:fought in
1457:receiving
1385:Korean War
1364:Korean War
948:fall into
912:Fuat Oktay
904:Mike Pence
736:Performed
707:hood event
520:Korean War
418:See also:
414:Background
402:), Syria (
209:after the
101:Sedat Önal
18065:Wolfowitz
17946:doctrines
17871:East Asia
17846:relations
17609:Polynesia
17542:Melanesia
17528:Australia
17310:Lithuania
17155:Palestine
17067:Singapore
17042:Indonesia
17020:Southeast
17011:Sri Lanka
16921:Hong Kong
16853:Venezuela
16798:Argentina
16754:Nicaragua
16739:Guatemala
16698:St. Lucia
16641:Caribbean
16394:Mauritius
16274:relations
16272:Bilateral
16185:in Turkey
15970:Diplomacy
15873:relations
15811:Polynesia
15795:Melanesia
15781:Australia
15602:Lithuania
15448:Palestine
15353:Singapore
15328:Indonesia
15306:Southeast
15297:Sri Lanka
15163:Venezuela
15113:Argentina
15066:Nicaragua
15061:Guatemala
15008:Caribbean
14790:Mauritius
14680:relations
14678:Bilateral
14348:Incidents
14317:Diplomacy
14132:Historian
13974:249691457
13641:GlobeScan
13548:August 2,
13448:April 11,
13139:March 20,
13038:April 24,
12900:Bloomberg
12786:state.gov
12338:cite news
12097:Politico.
11806:USA TODAY
11732:March 26,
11722:"Opinion"
11230:April 28,
11155:janes.com
11134:August 8,
11005:March 26,
10980:March 26,
10955:March 26,
10689:April 29,
10565:NewYorker
9738:110755641
9688:110755641
9638:110755641
9292:Routledge
9085:WikiLeaks
9057:WikiLeaks
8922:109645456
8609:8 January
8557:(2): 105.
7878:April 19,
7325:hearing,
6598:Joe Biden
5833:program.
5791:communism
5711:Mehmetçik
5521:Joe Biden
5513:Joe Biden
5462:Joe Biden
5439:Black Sea
5437:) in the
5402:Zelenskyy
5327:Joe Biden
5314:Joe Biden
5127:West Bank
5125:, in the
5021:Starbucks
4993:Instagram
4673:to Turkey
4049:consulate
4034:dissident
3841:Turkey’s
3698:Joe Biden
3236:Joe Biden
3083:spillover
3054:Joe Biden
3020:The 2009
2841:program.
2635:Ergenekon
2031:", under
1754:guerrilla
1717:In 2017,
1601:spy plane
1356:communist
1327:) as the
1198:In 1946,
1189:Black Sea
1171:In 1945,
1164:escorting
1053:in 2023,
1011:Adversary
398:), Iraq (
302:opium ban
175:Roosevelt
122:Joe Biden
18163:Politics
18123:Rollback
18083:Blowback
18076:concepts
18060:Rumsfeld
17931:policies
17580:Kiribati
17440:Slovenia
17425:Portugal
17395:Holy See
17351:Southern
17273:Northern
17259:Slovakia
17217:Bulgaria
17128:military
17072:Thailand
17052:Malaysia
17032:Cambodia
17004:military
16999:Pakistan
16989:Maldives
16938:Mongolia
16843:Suriname
16833:Paraguay
16818:Colombia
16768:Northern
16744:Honduras
16668:Dominica
16658:Barbados
16634:Americas
16515:Eswatini
16510:Botswana
16503:Southern
16446:Zimbabwe
16431:Tanzania
16374:Ethiopia
16364:Djibouti
16303:Cameroon
16195:Minister
16174:Missions
15698:Slovenia
15683:Portugal
15626:Southern
15565:Northern
15536:Bulgaria
15515:Slovakia
15399:Abkhazia
15358:Thailand
15343:Malaysia
15318:Cambodia
15292:Pakistan
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15241:Mongolia
15153:Suriname
15143:Paraguay
15133:Colombia
15080:Northern
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14885:Southern
14840:Zimbabwe
14825:Tanzania
14770:Ethiopia
14760:Djibouti
14709:Cameroon
14078:in JSTOR
14039:"Turkey"
13832:BBC News
13570:July 19,
13363:Archived
13324:July 18,
13185:July 24,
13175:"Turkey"
13078:The Hill
13014:Fox News
12993:June 28,
12957:March 5,
12750:Archived
12728:Archived
12724:The Hill
12704:June 24,
12699:The Hill
12600:mepc.org
12311:BBC News
12293:Politico
12112:Politico
12046:POLITICO
12025:March 9,
12020:The Hill
11967:ABC news
11781:ABC news
11726:NBC News
11700:Politico
11454:July 22,
11375:July 24,
11128:Archived
11000:TRTworld
10806:BBC News
10717:April 3,
10682:BBC News
10508:Archived
10422:July 30,
10395:July 30,
10354:July 20,
10247:Milliyet
10089:BBC News
10054:Archived
9409:BBC News
9384:. London
9356:June 23,
9349:CNN Türk
9205:Archived
9181:June 19,
8927:July 13,
8538:(2): 83.
8491:33898522
8403:Metuchen
8101:March 7,
8096:POLITICO
7953:July 20,
7907:July 20,
7715:nato.int
7422:See also
7362:Pakistan
7352:Admiral
7304:Islamist
7300:Istanbul
6637:Negative
6632:Positive
6427:4,778.6
6415:1,095.2
6412:2,055.0
6259:1,678.1
6230:2,769.1
6227:3,289.2
6224:1,362.1
6209:1,884.0
6169:4,386.8
6166:3,406.0
6097:AN/TPY-2
5968:Iraq War
5964:Gulf War
5960:Cold War
5860:Incirlik
5741:(CVN-78)
5719:Iraq War
5684:U.S. led
5527:between
5324:—
5035:—
5009:Keçiören
4985:Facebook
4796:— Turkey
4695:Halkbank
4625:The Hill
4498:Resigned
4483:Resigned
4189:airspace
4174:Patriots
4053:Istanbul
4015:Islamism
3710:Milliyet
3521:YPG-SDF
3422:de facto
3329:—
3283:—
3244:al Qaeda
3240:al-Nusra
3143:—
3079:refugees
2963:Halkbank
2954:Halkbank
2897:—
2885:and the
2474:In 2002
2326:Damascus
2316:officer
2156:Gulf War
2118:region.
2083:European
2010:Dev-Genç
2007:Leninist
1947:and the
1847:—
1738:conflict
1621:Peshawar
1321:de facto
1209:Missouri
1153:"Taking
1150:Missouri
1121:Cold War
1079:CJTF–OIR
1057:scholar
760:Gulf War
732:region.
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685:Gulf War
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553:(
316:-
241:(
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