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Hartley was arrested and sent for trial to
Lancaster. At his trial in March 1597, Starkie said that the previous autumn while in the woods at Huntroyde, Hartley had drawn a circle " with many crosses and partitions". Starkie's evidence led to the death penalty. Hartley's execution was botched, at the
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Using charms and herbal potions, Hartley was able to calm the children but not cure them completely. Starkey paid 40 shillings per year for
Hartley's services but Hartley demanded more. Starkie's refusal to give Hartley a house and land resulted in threats and in the afternoon three other children in
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in
Manchester. Dee was reluctant to become involved, but rebuked Hartley and advised Starkie to consult "some godly preachers". For a short while all was quiet at Cleworth Hall but the children's fits and bouts of shouting returned. The maid, Jane Ashton and Margaret Byrom were affected after being
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depriving her Roman
Catholic relations of what they considered their inheritance. Some were said to have prayed for the death of her four children that died in infancy. Their surviving children, Ann aged about ten, and John, two years older began having fits. Their father spent £200 on doctors with
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no success and became convinced they were "possessed by the Devil". He asked a
Catholic priest to exorcise the evil spirits but the priest declined. Starkie in desperation approached Edmund Hartley, a magician and travelling "conjurer", who was in the neighbourhood for help.
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and remained a stronghold of
Catholicism throughout the Elizabethan reign. The county was reputed to contain more witches and believers in witchcraft than any other. Cunning folk were regarded as being distinct from witches and were called on to perform acts of healing.
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and several others including a local curate, arrived at
Cleworth after Hartley's execution in March 1597 to dispossess the seven of their demons. In turn Darrell and More were imprisoned for their involvement in the dispossessions.
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kissed by
Hartley who "breathed the Devil" into them. Hartley followed Margaret Byrom to her home in Salford where he was found by preachers, and unable to recite the Lord's Prayer was accused of witchcraft.
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the house, Margaret and
Ellinor Hurdman and Ellen Holland, a maid, Jane Ashton and a relative, Margaret Byrom, were also affected.
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superstition and belief in witchcraft were rife, there were religious tensions between the supporters of the new faith, the
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Lumby, Jonathan (2002), "'Those to whom Evil is Done': Family
Dynamics in the Pendle Witch Trials", in Poole, Robert (ed.),
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first attempt to hang him the rope broke but even though Hartley repented he was hanged at the second attempt.
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Possession, Puritanism And Print: Darrell, Harsnett, Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Exorcism Controversy
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and adherents of Roman Catholicism. Lancashire was a sparsely populated county at the time of the
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The story of the demonic possessions at Cleworth Hall was documented by George More, who with
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Starkie suspected that Hartley was by then part of the problem and consulted
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Anne Parr, who had inherited Cleworth Hall, married Nicholas Starkie of
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Title Demonic Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern England
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who from 1595 until 1596 was alleged to have practised
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323:The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories
341:A Short History of the Township of Tyldesley
248:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
350:Demon Possession in Elizabethan England
245:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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348:Sands, Kathleen R. (2004),
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303:Almond, Philip C. (2007),
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23:(died March 1597), was a
432:Witch trials in England
374:Gibson, Marion (2006),
427:People from Tyldesley
407:History of Lancashire
254:10.1093/ref:odnb/7168
31:at Cleworth Hall in
339:Lunn, John (1953),
56:Elizabethan England
332:978-0-8264-8300-3
260:(Subscription or
242:"Darrell, John".
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396:Categories
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264:required.)
230:Sands 2004
218:Sands 2004
189:Lumby 2002
162:Sands 2004
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121:References
50:Background
37:Lancashire
29:witchcraft
138:Lunn 1953
126:Citations
81:Huntroyde
41:Lancaster
33:Tyldesley
93:John Dee
64:Puritans
75:History
44:Assizes
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