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pneumonia. Results from a 2023 scoping review of the literature found that in studies conducted in multiracial or multiethnic populations, race or ethnicity variables were rarely included in conceptually thoughtful and analytically informative ways concerning race or ethnicity as markers of exposure to racialized social disadvantage. Bhopal writes that these inequalities have been documented in numerous studies whose consistent and repeated findings were that Black
Americans received less healthcare than white Americans—particularly when the care involved expensive new technology. The consistent and repeated findings were that Black Americans received less healthcare than white Americans—particularly when the care involved expensive new technology. One recent study has found that when minority and white patients use the same hospital, they are given the same standard of care. The lack of equitable access to different resources is intrinsically tied to the field of public health, which works to supplement the traditional medical system with other services and opportunities.
2616:—individuals who are insured are then more inclined to consume healthcare. The way the healthcare system tries to eliminate this problem is through cost sharing tactics like copays and deductibles. If patients face more of the economic burden they will then only consume healthcare when they perceive it to be necessary. According to the RAND health insurance experiment, individuals with higher coinsurance rates consumed less healthcare than those with lower rates. The experiment concluded that with less consumption of care there was generally no loss in societal welfare but, for the poorer and sicker groups of people there were definitely negative effects. These patients were forced to forgo necessary preventative care measures in order to save money leading to late diagnosis of easily treated diseases and more expensive procedures later. With less preventative care, the patient is hurt financially with an increase in expensive visits to the ER. The healthcare costs in the US will also rise with these procedures as well. More expensive procedures lead to greater costs.
2372:, for its failure to include the satisfaction ratings of the general public. The study found that there was little correlation between the WHO rankings for health systems and the stated satisfaction of citizens using those systems. Countries such as Italy and Spain, which were given the highest ratings by WHO were ranked poorly by their citizens while other countries, such as Denmark and Finland, were given low scores by WHO but had the highest percentages of citizens reporting satisfaction with their healthcare systems. WHO staff, however, say that the WHO analysis does reflect system "responsiveness" and argue that this is a superior measure to consumer satisfaction, which is influenced by expectations. Furthermore, the relationship between patient satisfaction and healthcare utilization, expenditures, clinically meaningful measures, and the evaluation of outcomes is complex, not well defined, and only beginning to be explored.
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from chronic lower respiratory disease it was 155,041. In 2015, 267.18 deaths per 100,000 people were caused by cardiovascular diseases, 204.63 by neoplasms and 100.66 by neurological disorders. Diarrhea, lower respiratory, and other common infections were ranked sixth overall, but had the highest rate of infectious disease mortality in the US at 31.65 deaths per 100,000 people. There is evidence, however, that a large proportion of health outcomes and early mortality can be attributed to factors other than communicable or non-communicable disease. As a 2013 National
Research Council study concluded, more than half the men who die before the age of 50 die due to murder (19%), traffic accidents (18%), and other accidents (16%). For women, the percentages are different: 53% of women who die before the age of 50 die due to disease, whereas 38% die due to accidents, homicide, and suicide.
992:, the US health system does not provide healthcare to the country's entire population. In 1977, the United States was said to be the only industrialized country not to have some form of national health insurance or direct healthcare provision to citizens through a nationalized healthcare system. A 1978 study argued that “Today every government in the world-including Red China with its squadrons of semi-trained “barefoot doctors”-realizes it has a responsibility to keep its citizens in good physical and mental health. Unlike the U.S., nations like Scandinavia, the U.K., Ireland, Japan and others have opted for a universal health care system in which the state pays everyone's medical bills.” Instead, most citizens are covered by a combination of private insurance and various federal and state programs. As of 2017, health insurance was most commonly acquired through a
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Trump's plan are young people, individuals of a higher socioeconomic status, and people who live in urban areas. Young people because individuals between the age of 20 and 30 will see drops in the premiums they pay within their plans. Individuals with higher socioeconomic status because whereas under
Obamacare individuals could only make up to $ 50,000 annually and still receive tax breaks, now under Trump's plan that number has been increase so that individuals who make up to $ 115,000 annually can receive tax breaks. In addition, those in urban areas can also benefit from the plan because under Obamacare tax credits were designated also by the cost of local healthcare, but the American Health Care Act does not take this into consideration although rural healthcare is generally more expensive due to the lack of hospitals and available services.
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2023) was slightly higher than that for white people ($ 2,675, equivalent to $ 4,531 in 2023) while spending for
Hispanics ($ 1,967, equivalent to $ 3,332 in 2023) was significantly lower than the population average ($ 2,612, equivalent to $ 4,425 in 2023)). Total public spending is also strongly correlated with self-reported health status ($ 13,770 for those reporting "poor" health versus $ 1,279 for those reporting "excellent" health). Seniors make up 13% of the population but take one-third of all prescription drugs. The average senior fills 38 prescriptions annually. A new study has also found that older men and women in the South are more likely to be prescribed antibiotics than older Americans elsewhere, even though there is no evidence that the South has higher rates of diseases requiring antibiotics.
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be healthcare professionals in some states. These board members may be appointed by the governor or elected by the state committee, while local board members may be elected by the mayor's council. The McCarran–Ferguson Act, which delegates regulation to the states, does not directly regulate insurance or mandate state regulation of insurance. Federal laws that do not explicitly regulate the "business of insurance" do not preempt state insurance laws or regulations. The act also stipulates that federal antitrust laws will not apply to the "business of insurance" as long as the state regulates it, though they will apply in cases of boycott, coercion, and intimidation. Conversely, most other federal laws will not apply to insurance regardless of state regulation.
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2689:(BCBSA) also found that health insurer administrative costs were approximately 11% to 12% of premiums, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans reporting slightly lower administrative costs, on average, than commercial insurers. For the period 1998 through 2003, average insurer administrative costs declined from 13% to 12% of premiums. The largest increases in administrative costs were in customer service and information technology, and the largest decreases were in provider services and contracting and in general administration. The McKinsey Global Institute estimated that excess spending on "health administration and insurance" accounted for as much as 21% of the estimated total excess spending ($ 477 billion in 2003).
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40 billion (equivalent to $ 63.5 billion in 2023) coming from public sources and $ 55 billion (equivalent to $ 87.3 billion in 2023) coming from private sources. These investments into medical research have made the US the leader in medical innovation, measured either in terms of revenue or the number of new drugs and devices introduced. In 2016, the research and development spending by pharmaceutical companies in the US was estimated to be around $ 59 billion (equivalent to $ 73.5 billion in 2023). In 2006, the US accounted for three quarters of the world's biotechnology revenues and 82% of world R&D spending in biotechnology. According to multiple international
1978:(CON) programs for cardiac care, meaning that hospitals had to apply and receive certificates prior to implementing the program; the intent was to reduce cost by reducing duplicate investments in facilities. It has been observed that these certificates could be used to increase costs through weakened competition. Many states removed the CON programs after the federal requirement expired in 1986, but some states still have these programs. Empirical research looking at the costs in areas where these programs have been discontinued have not found a clear effect on costs, and the CON programs could decrease costs because of reduced facility construction or increase costs due to reduced competition.
2090:, and about 20% longer than four weeks for their most recent specialist appointment. These percentages were smaller than in France, the UK, New Zealand, and Canada, but not better than Germany and Switzerland (although waits shorter than four weeks/one month may not be equally long across these three countries). The number of respondents may not be enough to be fully representative. In a study in 1994 comparing Ontario to three regions of the US, self-reported mean wait times to see an orthopedic surgeon were two weeks in those parts of the US, and four weeks in Canada. Mean waits for the knee or hip surgery were self-reported as three weeks in those parts of the US and eight weeks in Ontario.
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better way to relieve symptoms caused by chronic disease. They aim to treat not just physical illness but fix its underlying nutritional, social, emotional, and spiritual causes. In a 2008 survey, it was found that 37% of hospitals in the US offer at least one form of CAM treatment, the main reason being patient demand (84% of hospitals). Costs for CAM treatments average $ 33.9 (equivalent to $ 49.81 in 2023) with two-thirds being out-of-pocket, according to a 2007 statistical analysis. Moreover, CAM treatments covered 11.2% of total out-of-pocket payments on healthcare. During 2002 to 2008, spending on CAM was on the rise, but usage has since plateaued to about 40% of adults in the US
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better health outcomes such as having a regular source of care and the ability to afford care. A 2016 study concluded that an approximately 60% increased ability to afford care can be attributed to
Medicaid expansion provisions enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Additionally, an analysis of changes in mortality post Medicaid expansion suggests that Medicaid saves lives at a relatively more cost effective rate of a societal cost of $ 327,000 to $ 867,000 (equivalent to $ 415,143 to $ 1.1 million in 2023) per life saved compared to other public policies which cost an average of $ 7.6 million (equivalent to $ 9.65 million in 2023) per life.
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828:(AMA) worked to standardize medical education, and the introduction of employer-sponsored insurance plans marked the beginning of the modern health insurance system. More people were starting to get involved in healthcare like state actors, other professionals/practitioners, patients and clients, the judiciary, and business interests and employers. They had interest in medical regulations of professionals to ensure that services were provided by trained and educated people to minimize harm. The post–World War II era saw a significant expansion in healthcare where more opportunities were offered to increase accessibility of services. The passage of the
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2430:, for instance, reported that, for over 20 years, marked variations in how medical resources are distributed and used in the US were accompanied by marked variations in outcomes. The willingness of physicians to work in an area varies with the income of the area and the amenities it offers, a situation aggravated by a general shortage of doctors in the US, particularly those who offer primary care. The ACA is anticipated to produce an additional demand for services which the existing stable of primary care doctors will be unable to fill, particularly in economically depressed areas. Training additional physicians would require some years.
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disappeared. Rates of obesity, heart disease (high blood pressure, controlled high cholesterol), and type 2 diabetes are areas of major concern. While chronic disease and multiple comorbidities became increasingly common among a population of elderly
Americans who were living longer, the public health system has also found itself fending off a rise of chronically ill younger generation. According to the US Surgeon General "The prevalence of obesity in the US more than doubled (from 15% to 34%) among adults and more than tripled (from 5% to 17%) among children and adolescents from 1980 to 2008."
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agencies under the HHS umbrella are part of the U.S. Public Health
Service. These include the FDA, responsible for certifying the safety of food and the effectiveness of drugs and medical products; the CDC, tasked with preventing disease, premature death, and disability; the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, which improves the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, which manages hazardous substance spills; and the National Institutes of Health, which conducts groundbreaking medical research.
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Deep South, Appalachia, along the
Mississippi River, in the Southern Plains, and in Texas. The difference is as high as three years for men, six years for women. The gap is growing between rich and poor and by educational level, but narrowing between men and women and by race. Another study found that the mortality gap between the well-educated and the poorly educated widened significantly between 1993 and 2001 for adults ages 25 through 64; the authors speculated that risk factors such as smoking, obesity and high blood pressure may lie behind these disparities. In 2011 the
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2379:, which studied the period from 1994 through 2006, found mixed results for the health of children in the US Mortality rates for children ages 1 through 4 dropped by a third, and the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels dropped by 84%. The percentage of mothers who smoked during pregnancy also declined. On the other hand, both obesity and the percentage of low-birth weight babies increased. The authors note that the increase in babies born with low birth weights can be attributed to women delaying childbearing and the increased use of fertility drugs.
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such care. Indirect payments and reimbursements through federal and state government programs have never fully compensated public and private hospitals for the full cost of care mandated by EMTALA. More than half of all emergency care in the US now goes uncompensated. According to some analyses, EMTALA is an unfunded mandate that has contributed to financial pressures on hospitals in the last 20 years, causing them to consolidate and close facilities, and contributing to emergency room overcrowding. According to the
3286:. Inside the final version of the bill was a repeal of the individual mandate in the ACA, which required individuals and companies to get healthcare for themselves and their employees. It was this mandate which kept healthcare costs down under the PPACA by promoting cost sharing over a larger pool. Economists believe the repeal of the individual mandate will lead to higher premiums and lower enrollment in the current market though they do not agree with how much. In 2017, the new Republican healthcare bill known as the
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1232:(out of 183 countries) as of 2015. The US's average life expectancy (both sexes) is just over 79. Japan ranks first with an average life expectancy of nearly 84 years. The US ranks lower (36th) when considering health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) at just over 69 years. Another source, the Central Intelligence Agency, indicates life expectancy at birth in the US is 79.8, ranking it 42nd in the world. Monaco is first on this list of 224, with an average life expectancy of 89.5.
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domestic product on healthcare. In 2021 Norway, the
Netherlands and Australia were the top-performing countries. The US spent 16.8% of GDP on healthcare in 2019; the next highest country on the list was Switzerland, at 11.3% of GDP. The lowest was New Zealand, which spent roughly 9% of its GDP on healthcare in 2019. It "consistently demonstrated the largest disparities between income groups" across indicators, apart from those related to preventive services and the safety of care.
8844:. 2 bar charts: For both: From bottom menus: Countries menu > choose OECD. Check box for "latest data available". Perspectives menu > Check box to "compare variables". Then check the boxes for government/compulsory, voluntary, and total. Click top tab for chart (bar chart). For GDP chart choose "% of GDP" from bottom menu. For per capita chart choose "US dollars/per capita". Click fullscreen button above chart. Click "print screen" key. Click top tab for table, to see data.
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870:. Community-oriented care was typical, with families and neighbors providing assistance to the sick. During the 19th century, the practice of medicine began to professionalize, following the “Anglo-American model” where these new medical professionals were empowered by the state to govern their own affairs, leading to various collaborations to acquire status and win legislation granting them the power to self-regulate. The establishment of
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the federal poverty level. Lack of insurance or higher cost sharing (user fees for the patient with insurance) create barriers to accessing healthcare: use of care declines with increasing patient cost-sharing obligation. Before the ACA passed in 2014, 39% of below-average income
Americans reported forgoing seeing a doctor for a medical issue (whereas 7% of low-income Canadians and 1% of low-income British citizens reported the same).
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1836:(a Washington lobbyist for the health insurance industry) and carried out by PriceWaterhouseCoopers, increased utilization is the primary driver of rising healthcare costs in the US The study cites numerous causes of increased utilization, including rising consumer demand, new treatments, more intensive diagnostic testing, lifestyle factors, the movement to broader-access plans, and higher-priced technologies. The study also mentions
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health, and access to care improved significantly. Furthermore, insurance coverage for low-income adults were significantly greater in states that expanded Medicaid in comparison with states that did not expand Medicaid. However, discrepancies do exist between those covered by Medicaid versus those covered by private insurance. Those insured by Medicaid tend to report fair or poor health, as opposed to excellent or very good health.
3103:) that US drug prices are rising because US consumers are effectively subsidizing costs which drug companies cannot recover from consumers in other countries (because many other countries use their bulk-purchasing power to aggressively negotiate drug prices). The US position (consistent with the primary lobbying position of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) is that the governments of such countries are
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has no teeth. This raises concern about the New York State Department of Health's rule, which prevents Medicaid coverage for the replacement of dentures within eight years of initial placement and a ban on coverage of dental implants. In addition, older adults are more likely than those in younger age groups to have medical conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, that worsen their oral health.
2577:(OECD), and that the use of healthcare services in the US is below the OECD median by most measures. The authors of the study conclude that the prices paid for healthcare services are much higher in the US than elsewhere. While the 19 next most wealthy countries by GDP all pay less than half what the US does for healthcare, they have all gained about six years of life expectancy more than the US since 1970.
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distribution, and business plan. Cost, alongside the impact of systematic oppression and inequality of communities of color within healthcare, together make medical equipment inaccessible. Most studies focused on access to medical devices and enhancement of affordable local production have concluded that increasing access to medical devices in an attempt to meet healthcare needs is highly critical.
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attributable to administration increases for smaller firms, and is highest for individually purchased coverage. A 2009 study published by BCBSA found that the average administrative expense cost for all commercial health insurance products was represented 9.2% of premiums in 2008. Administrative costs were 11.1% of premiums for small group products and 16.4% in the individual market.
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Surgical, injury, and maternal and neonatal health hospital visit costs increased by more than 2% each year from 2003–2011. Further, while average hospital discharges remained stable, hospital costs rose from $ 9,100 in 2003 (equivalent to $ 15,072 in 2023) to $ 10,600 in 2011 (equivalent to $ 14,357 in 2023) and were projected to be $ 11,000 by 2013 (equivalent to $ 14,388 in 2023).
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dental insurance is separate from health insurance. Disparities in oral healthcare accessibility mean that many populations, including those without insurance, the low-income, uninsured, racial minorities, immigrants, and rural populations, have a higher probability of poor oral health at every age. While changes have been made to address these disparities for children, the oral
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lobbied by the AMA has decreased the amount and quality of healthcare, according to the consensus of economist: the restrictions do not add to quality, they decrease the supply of care. Moreover, psychologists, nurses and pharmacists are not allowed to prescribe medicines. Previously nurses were not even allowed to vaccinate the patients without direct supervision by doctors.
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of access to care, including a shortage of mental health professionals. Treatment rates are understood to vary between different conditions; as an example, only 16% of adults with schizophrenia and 25% with bipolar disorder were estimated to be untreated with appropriate medication in 2007. Some entities try to expand access to mental health services by providing access on a
3317:, different states have implemented their health insurance programs differently leading to healthcare access disparities between states. Undocumented immigrants in the US can seek medical help from community centers, or what is termed Safety Net Providers, and participate in fee for service medical assistance, but can only buy health insurance from private health insurers.
1263:. Together, such issues place the US at the bottom of the list for life expectancy in high-income countries. Females born in the US in 2015 have a life expectancy of 81.6 years, and males 76.9 years; more than three years less and as much as over five years less than people born in Switzerland (85.3 F, 81.3 M) or Japan (86.8 F, 80.5 M) in 2015.
1620:, and aging. The second step is designed to test whether medical students can apply their medical skills and knowledge to actual clinical practice during students' fourth year of medical school. The third step is done after the first year of residency. It tests whether students can apply medical knowledge to the unsupervised practice of medicine.
1903:(FDA), and laboratory testing. These regulations are designed to protect consumers from ineffective or fraudulent healthcare. Additionally, states regulate the health insurance market and they often have laws which require that health insurance companies cover certain procedures, although state mandates generally do not apply to the
1460:(IHS) operates facilities open only to Native Americans from recognized tribes. These facilities, plus tribal facilities and privately contracted services funded by IHS to increase system capacity and capabilities, provide medical care to tribespeople beyond what can be paid for by any private insurance or other government programs.
3145:, while still undergoing negotiations for roughly the next two years, attempts to renegotiate drug prices by amending the non-interference clause in the Medicare Part D program. The non-interference clause states that the government is prohibited from interfering in negotiations with drug manufacturers, insurers and pharmacies.
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contacted to evaluate them. Patients are evaluated as to whether they are a danger to themselves or others. Those meeting this criterion are admitted to a mental health facility to be further evaluated by a psychiatrist. Typically, mentally ill patients can be held for up to 72 hours, after which a court order is required.
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who became citizens, 18.5% were uninsured, as opposed to noncitizens, who are 43.6% uninsured. In each age and income group, immigrants are less likely to have health insurance. With the recent healthcare changes, many legal immigrants with various immigration statuses now are able qualify for affordable health insurance.
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specific drugs or felt concern over methods of communication about risks and benefits of the drug. Still, other evidence cites that there are some benefits to direct-to-consumer advertising, such as encouraging patients to see the doctor, diagnosis of rare diseases, and the removal of stigma associated with the disease.
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companies or to the US government. In turn, pharmaceutical companies would be able to continue to produce innovative pharmaceuticals while lowering prices for US consumers. Currently, the US, as a purchaser of pharmaceuticals, negotiates some drug prices but is forbidden by law from negotiating drug prices for the
2334:(YPLL), a statistical measure of years of life lost under the age of 70 that were amenable to being saved by healthcare. Among OECD nations for which data are available, the US ranked third last for the healthcare of women (after Mexico and Hungary) and fifth last for men (Slovakia and Poland also ranked worse).
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certification, attesting to their expertise. A report issued by Public Citizen in April 2008 found that, for the third consecutive year, the number of serious disciplinary actions against physicians by state medical boards declined from 2006 to 2007, prompting calls for increased oversight of these boards.
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and capping expenses from 2% to 9.8% of annual income. For the first time, all health policies sold in the US must cap an individual's (or family's) medical expenses out of pocket annually. Other provisions include providing incentives for businesses to provide healthcare benefits, prohibiting denial
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average of 18% (2003 figures). Some 25% of out-of-pocket spending by individuals is for prescription drugs. Another study finds that between 1990 and 2016, prescription drug prices in the US increased by 277% while prescription drug prices increased by only 57% in the UK, 13% in Canada, and decreased
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On June 30, 2006, an FDA ruling went into effect extending protection from lawsuits to pharmaceutical manufacturers, even if it was found that they submitted fraudulent clinical trial data to the FDA in their quest for approval. This left consumers who experience serious health consequences from drug
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In the US, dental care is largely not recognized as healthcare, even though individuals visit a dentist more often than a general practitioner, and thus the field and its practices developed independently. In modern policy and practice, oral health is thus considered distinct from primary health, and
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As of 2014, according to a report published the higher the skill of the RN the lower the cost of a financial burden on the facilities. With a growing elderly population, the number of patients in these long term facilities needing more care creates a jump in financial costs. Based on research done in
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concluded that uninsured people were less likely than the insured to receive any medical care after an accidental injury or the onset of a new chronic condition. The uninsured with an injury were also twice as likely as those with insurance to have received none of the recommended follow-up care, and
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Between 1990 and 2010, among the 34 countries in the OECD, the US dropped from 18th to 27th in age-standardized death rate. The US dropped from 23rd to 28th for age-standardized years of life lost. It dropped from 20th to 27th in life expectancy at birth. It dropped from 14th to 26th for healthy
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The debate about US healthcare concerns questions of access, efficiency, and quality purchased by the high sums spent. The WHO in 2000 ranked the US healthcare system first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance and 72nd by overall level of health (among 191 member nations included in the
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populates a publicly available dashboard called the Health System Measurement Project, to ensure a robust monitoring system. The dashboard captures the access, quality and cost of care; overall population health; and health system dynamics (e.g., workforce, innovation, health information technology).
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in the world. The Health and Human Services Department expects that the health share of GDP will continue its historical upward trend, reaching 19% of GDP by 2017. Of each dollar spent on healthcare in the US, 31% goes to hospital care, 21% goes to physician/clinical services, 10% to pharmaceuticals,
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will force industry to sell medicine at a cheaper price. Due to this, it is possible budget cuts will be made on research and development of human health and medicine in the US. In 2022, the United States had 10,265 drugs in the works, more than twice as many as China and the European Union, and four
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Those who are insured may be underinsured such that they cannot afford adequate medical care. A 2003 study estimated that 16 million US adults were underinsured, disproportionately affecting those with lower incomes—73% of the underinsured in the study population had annual incomes below 200% of
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reported that the lifetime per capita expenditure at birth, using the year 2000 dollars, showed a large difference between the healthcare costs of females ($ 361,192, equivalent to $ 639,048 in 2023) and males ($ 268,679, equivalent to $ 475,367 in 2023). A large portion of this cost difference is in
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Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries, Steven H. Woolf and Laudan Aron, Eds. Committee on Population, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine. Washington,
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than white people. In the US, racial demographics are as follows: Asian American (87.1 years), followed by Latino (83.3 years), White (78.9 years), Native American (76.9 years), and African American (75.4 years). A 2001 study found distinguished racial differences exist in healthy life expectancy at
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in the nation and affect 20% of all Americans. It is estimated that less than half of all people with mental illnesses receive treatment (or specifically, an ongoing, much needed, and managed care; where medication alone, cannot easily remove mental conditions) due to factors such as stigma and lack
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Uninsured Americans are less likely to have regular healthcare and use preventive services. They are more likely to delay seeking care, resulting in more medical crises, which are more expensive than ongoing treatment for such conditions as diabetes and high blood pressure. A 2007 study published in
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It is unclear how many of the patients waiting longer have to. Some may be by choice, because they wish to go to a well-known specialist or clinic that many people wish to attend, and are willing to wait to do so. Waiting times may also vary by region. One experiment reported that uninsured patients
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State governments maintain their own health departments, and local governments (counties and municipalities) often have health departments that are branches of the state health department. State boards may have executive and police authority to enforce state health laws, with all members required to
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had achieved universal or near-universal (at least 98.4% insured) coverage of their populations by 1990". The 2004 IOM report also observed that "lack of health insurance causes roughly 18,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the US". A 2009 study done at Harvard Medical School with Cambridge Health
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Measures of accessibility and affordability tracked by national health surveys include: percent of population with insurance, having a usual source of medical care, visiting the dentist yearly, rates of preventable hospitalizations, reported difficulty seeing a specialist, delaying care due to cost,
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Health Care Problems in Rural and Small Communities (Macon, Ga., and Atlanta, Ga.) Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance and Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session, August 16 and 18, 1977 By United States.
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Undocumented immigrants within the US do not have access to government funded health insurance. Although the ACA allows immigrants to receive insurance at a discounted rate, the same does not go for those without US citizenship. While policies like the Patient Protection Act and Affordable Care Act
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Of the 26.2 million foreign immigrants living in the US in 1998, 62.9% were non-US citizens. In 1997, 34.3% of non-US citizens living in the US did not have health insurance coverage opposed to the 14.2% of native-born Americans who do not have health insurance coverage. Among those immigrants
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became a major issue in US politics as the prices of many new drugs increased exponentially, and many citizens discovered that neither the government nor their insurer would cover the cost of such drugs. Per capita, the US spends more on pharmaceuticals than any other country, although expenditures
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In 2020, 52.9 million adults were affected by mental illness, nearly one in five adults in the country. 44.7 million adults were affected in 2016. In 2006, mental disorders were ranked one of the top five most costly medical conditions, with expenditures of $ 57.5 billion (equivalent
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Most Americans pay for medical services largely through insurance, and this can distort the incentives of consumers since the consumer pays only a portion of the ultimate cost directly. The lack of price information on medical services can also distort incentives. The insurance which pays on behalf
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However, current waits in both countries' regions may have changed since then (certainly in Canada waiting times went up later). More recently, at one Michigan hospital, the waiting time for the elective surgical operation open carpel tunnel release was an average of 27 days, most ranging from
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or TMS. Providers of these CAM treatments are sometimes legally considered healthcare providers in the US. Common reasons for seeking these alternative approaches included improving their well-being, engaging in a transformational experience, gaining more control over their own health, or finding a
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A major impending demographic shift in the US will require the healthcare system to provide more care, as the older population is predicted to increase medical expenses by 5% or more in North America due to the "baby boomers" reaching retirement age. The overall spending on healthcare has increased
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As of 2017, the possibility that the ACA may be repealed or replaced has intensified interest in the questions of whether and how health insurance coverage affects health and mortality. Several studies have indicated that there is an association with expansion of the ACA and factors associated with
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was passed by the House of Representatives under President Donald Trump. Although the ACA and the American Health Care Act both propose tax cuts in order to make insurance more affordable for Americans, each of these bills affected Americans in different ways. The people most affected by President
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called for the banning of direct-to-consumer advertising because it is linked with increased drug prices. Physicians, via various FDA surveys, conveyed varying thoughts regarding ads as they believe while patients were getting more involved in their own healthcare, they felt pressured to prescribe
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and poorer rates of diagnosis and treatment. Among the disease-specific examples of racial and ethnic disparities in the US is the cancer incidence rate among African Americans, which is 25% higher than among white people. In addition, adult African Americans and Hispanics have approximately twice
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The magnitude of this health issue is surprising even in New York state, where the Medicaid program includes dental coverage and is one of the most impressive insurance programs in the nation. Seven out of ten older adults (aged ≥ 65) have periodontal disease, and one in four adults (aged > 65)
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is associated with nearly 45,000 excess preventable deaths annually. Since then, as the number of uninsured has risen from about 46 million in 2009 to 49 million in 2012, the number of preventable deaths due to lack of insurance has grown to about 48,000 per year. The group's methodology
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Recent studies find growing gaps in life expectancy based on income and geography. In 2008, a government-sponsored study found that life expectancy declined from 1983 to 1999 for women in 180 counties, and for men in 11 counties, with most of the life expectancy declines occurring in the
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Finally, the US tracks investment in the healthcare system in terms of a skilled healthcare workforce, meaningful use of healthcare IT, and R&D output. This aspect of the healthcare system performance dashboard is important to consider when evaluating cost of care in the US. That is because in
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A concern for the health system is that the health gains do not accrue equally to the entire population. In the US, disparities in healthcare and health outcomes are widespread. Minorities are more likely to develop serious illnesses (e.g., type 2 diabetes, heart disease and colon cancer) and
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One innovation in encouraging quality of healthcare is the public reporting of the performance of hospitals, health professionals or providers, and healthcare organizations. However, there is "no consistent evidence that the public release of performance data changes consumer behaviour or improves
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is carried out by private companies. The research and development of medical devices and pharmaceuticals is supported by both public and private sources of funding. In 2003, research and development expenditures were approximately $ 95 billion (equivalent to $ 151 billion in 2023) with $
1185:
While not as high in 2015 (14) as in 2013 (18.5), maternal deaths related to childbirth have shown recent increases; in 1987, the mortality ratio was 7.2 per 100,000. As of 2015, the US rate is double the maternal mortality rate in Belgium or Canada, and more than triple the rate in the Finland as
2799:
of 1996. The law requires financial equity for annual and lifetime mental health benefits, and compels parity in treatment limits and expands all equity provisions to addiction services. Insurance companies and third-party disability administrators (most notably, Sedgwick CMS) used loopholes and,
2318:
A study found that between 1997 and 2003, preventable deaths declined more slowly in the US than in 18 other industrialized nations. A 2008 study found that 101,000 people a year die in the US that would not if the healthcare system were as effective as that of France, Japan, or Australia. A
2026:
Mentally ill patients present a unique challenge for emergency departments and hospitals. In accordance with EMTALA, mentally ill patients who enter emergency rooms are evaluated for emergency medical conditions. Once mentally ill patients are medically stable, regional mental health agencies are
2018:
EMTALA, enacted by the federal government in 1986, requires that hospital emergency departments treat emergency conditions of all patients regardless of their ability to pay and is considered a critical element in the "safety net" for the uninsured, but established no direct payment mechanism for
1996:
The AMA has also aggressively lobbied for many restrictions that require doctors to carry out operations that might be carried out by cheaper workforce. For example, in 1995, 36 states banned or restricted midwifery even though it delivers equally safe care to that by doctors. The regulation
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The US spends more as a percentage of GDP than similar countries, and this can be explained either through higher prices for services themselves, higher costs to administer the system, or more utilization of these services, or to a combination of these elements. Healthcare costs rising far faster
1297:
The top three causes of death among both sexes and all ages in the US have consistently remained cardiovascular diseases (ranked 1st), neoplasms (2nd) and neurological disorders (3rd), since the 1990s. In 2015, the total number of deaths by heart disease was 633,842, by cancer it was 595,930, and
1134:
In practice, the uninsured are often treated, but the cost is covered through taxes and other fees which shift the cost. Forgone medical care due to extensive cost sharing may ultimately increase costs due to downstream medical issues; this dynamic may play a part in US's international ranking as
788:
on healthcare than any other country, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP; however, this expenditure does not necessarily translate into better overall health outcomes compared to other developed nations. Coverage varies widely across the population, with certain groups, such as the
6437:
The new numbers also speak to the acute mental health crisis that's run parallel to the pandemic: Deaths from drug overdoses reached over 106,000 last year — another major factor reducing life expectancy, according to the second CDC analysis released on Thursday. Deaths by suicide and from liver
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There is considerable research into inequalities in healthcare where in certain cases, these inequalities are caused by income disparities that result in lack of health insurance and other barriers, such as medical equipment, to receiving necessary services. In some cases, these inequalities are
2898:
Public spending is positively correlated with age; average per capita public spending for seniors was more than five times that for children ($ 6,921 versus $ 1,225, equivalent to $ 11,724 versus $ 2,075 in 2023). Average public spending for non-Hispanic blacks ($ 2,973, equivalent to $ 5,036 in
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As of 2017, there were 907 health insurance companies in the US, although the top 10 account for about 53% of revenue and the top 100 account for 95% of revenue. The number of insurers contributes to administrative overhead in excess of that in nationalized, single-payer systems, such as that in
2063:
The US healthcare delivery system unevenly provides medical care of varying quality to its population. In a highly effective healthcare system, individuals would receive reliable care that meets their needs and is based on the best scientific knowledge available. In order to monitor and evaluate
1831:
Free-market advocates claim that the healthcare system is "dysfunctional" because the system of third-party payments from insurers removes the patient as a major participant in the financial and medical choices that affect costs. The Cato Institute claims that because government intervention has
1769:. As of 2016, the US spent $ 3.3 trillion (equivalent to $ 4.11 trillion in 2023; 17.9% of GDP), or $ 10,438 (equivalent to $ 13,252 in 2023) per person; major categories included 32% on hospital care, 20% on physician and clinical services, and 10% on prescription drugs. In comparison, the
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We need to speak the uncomfortable truth that women—and especially Black women—are too often not listened to or taken seriously by the health care system, and therefore they are denied the dignity that they deserve. And we need to speak this truth because today, the United States is 1 of only 13
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and professional organizations led to standardized training and certification processes for doctors. Despite this progress, healthcare services remained disparate, particularly between urban and rural areas. The concept of hospitals as institutions for the sick began to take root, leading to the
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When healthcare legislation was being written in 2009, the drug companies were asked to support the legislation in return for not allowing importation of drugs from foreign countries. There were and are many complications regarding drug legislation due to the relationship between pharmaceutical
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on the backs of US consumers. Such governments should either deregulate their markets, or raise their domestic taxes in order to fairly compensate US consumers by directly remitting the difference (between what the companies would earn in an open market versus what they are earning now) to drug
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found that roughly one in four patients believe their doctors have exposed them to unnecessary risks, and anecdotal evidence such as self-help books and web postings suggest increasing patient frustration. Possible factors behind the deteriorating doctor/patient relationship include the current
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which is analyzed under five themes: access to care, the care process, administrative efficiency, equity and healthcare outcomes. The US has been assessed as worst healthcare system overall among 11 high-income countries in every report, even though it spends the highest proportion of its gross
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In a sample of 13 developed countries, the US was third in its population weighted usage of medication in 14 classes in both 2009 and 2013. The drugs studied were selected on the basis that the conditions treated had high incidence, prevalence and/or mortality, caused significant long-term
1844:
In March 2010, Massachusetts released a report on the cost drivers which it called "unique in the nation". The report noted that providers and insurers negotiate privately, and therefore the prices can vary between providers and insurers for the same services, and it found that the variation in
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in 2016, a significant decrease from the 38.6 million in 2011. For every 1,000 in the population, there was an average of 104.2 stays and each stay averaged $ 11,700 (equivalent to $ 14,854 in 2023), an increase from the $ 10,400 (equivalent to $ 13,802 in 2023) cost per stay in 2012.
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The first open enrollment period of the ACA began in October 2013. Prior to this period, access to healthcare and insurance coverage trends were worsening on a national level. A large, national survey of US adults found that after the act's first two enrollment periods, self-reported coverage,
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estimates that the net effect (including the reconciliation act) will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $ 143 billion over the first decade. However, two months later, the office subsequently acknowledged that there was an additional $ 115 billion in funds needed that were not
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are expensive because the process of designing and approving them is extensive and costly, requiring that they be sold at higher than market price. The costs include research, design and development, meeting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's regulatory guidelines, manufacture, marketing,
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forecasted that deaths attributed to smoking, on the decline in the US, will drop dramatically, improving life expectancy; it also suggested that one-fifth to one-third of the life expectancy difference can be attributed to obesity which is the worst in the world and has been increasing. In an
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At the federal level, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) oversees various federal agencies involved in healthcare, except for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), which has final authority over the FDA in matters related to controlled substance regulations. The health
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which requires all citizens to purchase health insurance. While not regulation per se, the federal government also has a major influence on the healthcare market through its payments to providers under Medicare and Medicaid, which in some cases are used as a reference point in the negotiations
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Aggregate US hospital costs were $ 387.3 billion in 2011—a 63% increase since 1997 (inflation adjusted). Costs per stay increased 47% since 1997, averaging $ 10,000 in 2011 (equivalent to $ 13,544 in 2023). As of 2008, public spending accounts for between 45% and 56% of US healthcare spending.
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In 2018, an analysis concluded that prices and administrative costs were largely the cause of the high costs, including prices for labor, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostics. The combination of high prices and high volume can cause particular expense; in the US, high-margin high-volume procedures
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and rising death rates from suicide, drug overdoses and liver disease. As of 2023, U.S. life expectancy has increased slightly following the COVID-19 pandemic, but still trails behind peer and rival countries including Canada, China and Germany. Death certificate data from the CDC reveals that
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and medicine shows that people and institutions behave according to the ethos of their times. Nancy Krieger, professor of social epidemiology at Harvard, wrote that racism underlies unexplained inequities in healthcare, including treatment for heart disease, renal failure, bladder cancer, and
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Healthcare quality assurance consists of the "activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the
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While recent federal data suggests that life expectancy ticked up in 2022, a partial rebound from the ravages of the coronavirus pandemic, no national strategy exists to reverse a years-long slide that has left the United States trailing peers, such as Canada and Germany, and rivals, such as
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that estimates not only the average length of life but also the part of life expectancy that is expected to be "in good or better health, as well as free of activity limitations". Between 1997 and 2010, the number of expected high quality life years increased from 61.1 to 63.2 years for
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17 to 37 days (an average of almost four weeks, ranging from about 2.4 weeks to 5.3 weeks). This appears to be short compared with Canada's waiting time but may compare less favorably to countries like Germany, the Netherlands (where the goal was five weeks), and Switzerland.
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Waiting times in US healthcare are usually short, but are not usually 0 for non-urgent care at least. Also, a minority of US patients wait longer than is perceived. In a 2010 Commonwealth Fund survey, most Americans self-reported waiting less than four weeks for their most recent specialist
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Self-policing by healthcare providers plays a significant role in oversight. Many healthcare organizations voluntarily submit to inspection and certification by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). Providers also undergo rigorous testing to obtain board
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One of the more contentious issues related to drug safety is immunity from prosecution. In 2004, the FDA reversed a federal policy, arguing that FDA premarket approval overrides most claims for damages under state law for medical devices. In 2008, this was confirmed by the Supreme Court in
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in 2017 cleared an AI medical imaging platform for clinical use as well as future devices. A recent scoping review identified 18 equity issues with 15 strategies to address them to try to ensure that AI applications equitably meet the needs of the populations intended to benefit from them.
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The underutilization of preventative measures, rates of preventable illness and prevalence of chronic disease suggest that the US healthcare system does not sufficiently promote wellness. Over the past decade rates of teen pregnancy and low birth rates have come down significantly, but not
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in 2008, administrative costs for private insurance represent approximately 12% of premiums. Variations in administrative costs between private plans are largely attributable to economies of scale. Coverage for large employers has the lowest administrative costs. The percentage of premium
812:
The complex nature of the system, as well as its high costs, has led to ongoing discussions about the future of healthcare in the United States. At the same time, the United States is a global leader in medical innovation, measured either in terms of revenue or the number of new drugs and
2418:: "Maternal deaths include deaths of women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes."
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The Gallup organization tracks the percent of adult Americans who are uninsured for healthcare, beginning in 2008. The rate of uninsured peaked at 18.0% in 2013 prior to the ACA mandate, fell to 10.9% in the third quarter of 2016, and stood at 13.7% in the fourth quarter of 2018. "The
1072:, a pro-single payer lobbying group, showed that nearly 45,000 annual deaths are associated with a lack of patient health insurance. The study also found that uninsured, working Americans have an approximately 40% higher mortality risk compared to privately insured working Americans.
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since the late 1990s, and not just due to general price raises as the rate of spending is growing faster than the rate of inflation. Moreover, the expenditure on health services for people over 45 years old is 8.3 times the maximum of that of those under 45 years old.
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originally included in the estimate. Additionally, the CBO estimated that although projected premiums in 2016 would be lower by $ 100 per person for small and large business health insurance plans with the ACA than without, individual plans would be higher by $ 1,900 with the bill.
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One study of the billing and insurance-related (BIR) costs borne not only by insurers but also by physicians and hospitals found that BIR among insurers, physicians, and hospitals in California represented 20–22% of privately insured spending in California acute care settings.
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One study has found significant geographic variations in Medicare spending for patients in the last two years of life. These spending levels are associated with the amount of hospital capacity available in each area. Higher spending did not result in patients living longer.
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from government programs to private payers. Low reimbursement rates for Medicare and Medicaid have increased cost-shifting pressures on hospitals and doctors, who charge higher rates for the same services to private payers, which eventually affects health insurance rates.
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has served over half a million uninsured Americans, stated, "You could be blindfolded and stick a pin on a map of America and you will find people in need." The charity has over 700 clinics and 80,000 volunteer doctors and nurses around the US Simon Usborne of
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mortality rates among children and adolescents increased by 11% for the years 2019 and 2020 and a further 8% for 2020 and 2021, with injuries being a driving factor, along with homicide, suicide, drug overdoses and motor vehicle accidents impacting those aged 10 to 19.
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estimates that administrative costs have averaged approximately 12% of premiums over the last 40 years, with costs shifting away from adjudicating claims and towards medical management, nurse help lines, and negotiating discounted fees with healthcare providers.
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countries in the world where the rate of maternal mortality is worse than it was 25 years ago. That risk is even higher for Black women, who are three to four times more likely than white women to die from pregnancy-related causes. These numbers are simply outrageous.
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is the primary institution tasked with the safety and effectiveness of human and veterinary drugs. It also is responsible for making sure drug information is accurately and informatively presented to the public. The FDA reviews and approves products and establishes
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2010, annual out of pocket costs jumped 7.5% while the cost for Medicare grew 6.7% annually due to the increases. While Medicare pays for some of the care that the elderly populations receive, 40% of the patients staying in these facilities pay out of pocket.
1131:, and 62.1% of bankruptcy filers claimed high medical expenses in 2007. Since then, health costs and the numbers of uninsured and underinsured have increased. A 2013 study found that about 25% of all senior citizens declare bankruptcy due to medical expenses.
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Primary care doctors are often the point of entry for most patients needing care, but in the fragmented healthcare system of the US, many patients and their providers experience problems with care coordination. For example, a Harris Interactive survey of
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8137:
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Additionally, the concept of final expense insurance is essential within the healthcare context. This type of insurance helps cover the costs associated with end-of-life expenses, providing financial peace of mind to individuals and their families.
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for those who lack health insurance. Their services may range from more acute care (i.e., STIs, injuries, respiratory diseases) to long term care (i.e. dentistry, counseling). Another component of the healthcare safety net would be federally funded
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caused by income disparities that result in lack of health insurance and other barriers, such as medical equipment, to receiving services. According to the 2009 National Healthcare Disparities Report, uninsured Americans are less likely to receive
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program are expected to die prematurely over the next decade because they will be unable to afford their prescription medications, requiring an additional $ 17.7 billion to be spent annually on avoidable medical costs due to health complications.
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ranked the US 180th worst (out of 221)—meaning 42nd best—in the world for infant mortality rate (5.01/1,000 live births). Americans also undergo cancer screenings at significantly higher rates than people in other developed countries, and access
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system for training physicians and differences in how doctors and patients view the practice of medicine. Doctors may focus on diagnosis and treatment, while patients may be more interested in wellness and being listened to by their doctors.
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program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies; there is also a tax penalty for citizens who do not obtain health insurance (unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons). The
1608:(USMLE). The first step of the USMLE tests whether medical students both understand and are capable of applying the basic scientific foundations to medicine after the second year of medical school. The topics include: anatomy, biochemistry,
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occurs with other healthcare services. Unnecessary treatments increase costs and can cause patients unnecessary anxiety. The use of prescription drugs varies significantly by geographic region. The overuse of medical benefits is known as
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a similar pattern held for those with a new chronic condition. Uninsured patients are twice as likely to visit hospital emergency rooms as those with insurance; burdening a system meant for true emergencies with less-urgent care needs.
3253:, prohibiting insurers from establishing annual spending caps and support for medical research. The costs of these provisions are offset by a variety of taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for high-income
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morbidity and incurred high levels of expenditure and significant developments in prevention or treatment had been made in the last 10 years. The study noted considerable difficulties in cross border comparison of medication use.
1007:
Healthcare coverage is provided through a combination of private health insurance and public health coverage (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid). In 2013, 64% of health spending was paid for by the government, and funded via programs such as
2735:. In October 2019, the state of Colorado proposed running public healthcare option through private insurers, which are to bear the brunt of the costs. Premiums under the public option are touted to be 9% to 18% cheaper by 2022.
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and 3% to home healthcare, 3% for other retail products, 3% for government public health activities, 7% to administrative costs, 7% to investment, and 6% to other professional services (physical therapists, optometrists, etc.).
3171:, and particularly pointing to the hidden costs of treating the uninsured while free-market advocates point to freedom of choice in purchasing health insurance and unintended consequences of government intervention, citing the
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published a study which concluded that regulation provides benefits in the amount of $ 170 billion but costs the public up to $ 340 billion. The study concluded that the majority of the cost differential arises from
1028:. People aged under 65 acquire insurance via their or a family member's employer, by purchasing health insurance on their own, getting government and/or other assistance based on income or another condition, or are uninsured.
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because "fairness in financial contribution" was used as an assessment factor, marking down countries with high per-capita private or fee-paying health treatment. The WHO study has been criticized, in an article published in
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of insureds negotiate with medical providers, sometimes using government-established prices such as Medicaid billing rates as a reference point. This reasoning has led for calls to reform the insurance system to create a
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The U.S. healthcare system has been the subject of significant political debate and reform efforts, particularly in the areas of healthcare costs, insurance coverage, and the quality of care. Legislation such as the
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2287:. The study found that the US failed to achieve better outcomes than other countries, and is last or near last in terms of access, efficiency, and equity. Study data came from international surveys of patients and
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prices did not vary based on quality of care but rather on market leverage; the report also found that price increases rather than increased utilization explained the spending increases in the past several years.
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use with little recourse. In 2007, the House of Representatives expressed opposition to the FDA ruling, but the Senate took no action. On March 4, 2009, an important US Supreme Court decision was handed down. In
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Pinto, Rita Del; Monaco, Annalisa; Ortu, Eleonora; Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta; Aguilera, Eva Muñoz; Giannoni, Mario; D'Aiuto, Francesco; Guzik, Tomasz J.; Ferri, Claudio; Pietropaoli, Davide (November 2, 2021).
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In 2008, prior to the major healthcare reform in 2010, Americans were divided in their views of the US health system; 45% said that the US system was best and 39% said that other countries' systems are better.
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The treatment given to a patient can vary significantly depending on which healthcare providers they use. Research suggests that some cost-effective treatments are not used as often as they should be, while
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The health of the population is also viewed as a measure of the overall effectiveness of the healthcare system. The extent to which the population lives longer healthier lives signals an effective system.
3674:"Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"
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Halpern MT, Ward EM, Pavluck AL, Schrag NM, Bian J, Chen AY (March 2008). "Association of insurance status and ethnicity with cancer stage at diagnosis for 12 cancer sites: a retrospective analysis".
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in 1946 provided federal funding for hospital construction, and Medicare and Medicaid were established in 1965 to provide healthcare coverage to the elderly and low-income populations, respectively.
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reported that 28.5 million people (8.8%) did not have health insurance in 2017, down from 49.9 million (16.3%) in 2010. Between 2004 and 2013, a trend of high rates of underinsurance and
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Pfuntner A., Wier L.M., Elixhauser A. Overview of Hospital Stays in the United States, 2011. HCUP Statistical Brief #166. November 2013. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
1325:(CDC) reports that the life expectancy for the US population was 77.0 years, a decrease of 1.8 years from 2019. Life expectancy fell again in 2021 to 76.4 years, which has been attributed to
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much of the policy debate around the high cost of US healthcare, proponents of highly specialized and cutting-edge technologies point to innovation as a marker of an effective healthcare system.
1419:, have grown in popularity. Regional areas have separate healthcare markets, and in some markets competition is limited as the demand from the local population cannot support multiple hospitals.
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though providing financial equity, they often worked around the law by applying unequal copayments or setting limits on the number of days spent in inpatient or outpatient treatment facilities.
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of 2010 has sought to address some of these issues, though challenges remain. Uninsured rates have fluctuated over time, and disparities in access to care exist based on factors such as income,
14015:
2220:
1852:. Since healthcare is relatively labor intensive, and productivity in the service sector has lagged that in the goods-producing sector, the costs of those services will rise relative to goods.
4133:"United States: #11 in the 2022 World Index of Healthcare Innovation. America's runaway leadership in science and technology is marred by a fiscally unsustainable system of costly health care"
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by exclusion (uninsured and underinsured), out-of-pocket costs for the insured, fixed payments per case to hospitals (resulting in very short stays), and contracts that manage demand instead.
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Other healthcare facilities include long-term housing facilities which, as of 2019, there were 15,600 nursing homes across the US, with a large portion of that number being for-profit (69.3%)
5207:"The uninsured in America, first half of 2009: estimates for the United States civilian noninstitutionalized population under age 65. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Statistical Brief #291"
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houses an extensive collection of medical artifacts, including anatomical specimens, medical instruments, photographs, and archives related to military medicine, pathology, and public health.
821:, as the U.S. government coronavirus vaccines far faster than anyone had ever done before", but lags behind in fiscal sustainability, with " spending ... growing at an unsustainable rate".
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10035:
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writes that in the UK "General practitioners are amazed to hear that poor Americans should need to rely on a charity that was originally conceived to treat people in the developing world."
619:
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In May 2023, an international daily, in its article on the US healthcare system, asserted on the need for United States to guarantee healthcare to all its citizens as a basic human right.
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Though the U.S. healthcare system tends to produce more innovation, it has a lower level of regulation, and almost every form of its healthcare costs more than other high-income countries.
17842:
2196:
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in the way medical procedures and treatments are prescribed for different racial and ethnic groups. Raj Bhopal, professor emeritus at University of Edinburgh, writes that the history of
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17027:
15227:
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3001:, the court asserted that state-level rights of action could not be pre-empted by federal immunity and could provide "appropriate relief for injured consumers". In June 2009, under the
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Access to health care in America. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Monitoring Access to Personal Health Care Services. Millman M, editor. Washington: National Academies Press; 1993.
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There is no nationwide system of government-owned medical facilities open to the general public but there are local government-owned medical facilities open to the general public. The
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242:
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raises issues of equity and bias related to how health applications are developed and used. AI expansion is now of serious global interest towards public and private investment. The
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found that individuals who lacked private insurance (including those covered by Medicaid) were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer than those who had such insurance.
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in the United States, mainly under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic, oversees the advertising of prescription drugs to ensure accurate and truthful communication. In 2015, the
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As of 2018, there were 5,534 registered hospitals in the US. There were 4,840 community hospitals, which are defined as nonfederal, short-term general, or specialty hospitals. The
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countries, down from 20th in 1990. In 2021, US life expectancy fell to 76.4 years, the shortest in roughly two decades. Drivers for this drop in life expectancy include accidents,
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717:
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which aimed to address the maternal mortality disparity faced by women of color by training providers on recognizing implicit racial bias and its impact on care. Harris stated:
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is widely regarded as one of the world's leading medical institutions. It has been a pioneer in many areas of medicine, including medical education, research, and patient care.
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IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2012. How far have we come in reducing health disparities?: Progress since 2000: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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by James Kleshinski, MD; Steven T. Case, PhD; Dwight Davis, MD; George F. Heinrich, MD; Robert A. Witzburg, MD. Posted: August 2, 2011; Academic Medicine. 2011;86(7):795–98.
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Armstrong, Katrina; Putt, Mary; Halbert, Chanita H.; Grande, David; Schwartz, Jerome Sanford; Liao, Kaijun; Marcus, Noora; Demeter, Mirar B.; Shea, Judy A. (February 2013).
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the shorter lifespan of men, but, even after adjustment for age (assuming men live as long as women), there still is a 20% difference in lifetime healthcare expenditures.
556:
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Madden, Jeanne M.; Adams, Alyce S.; LeCates, Robert F.; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Zhang, Fang; Huskamp, Haiden A.; Gilden, Daniel M.; Soumerai, Stephen B. (February 1, 2015).
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had the highest five-year relative survival rates for breast cancer and for colorectal cancer in women, but problems with data quality might have led to over-estimations.
17557:
17072:
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Cené, Crystal W.; Viswanathan, Meera; Fichtenberg, Caroline M.; Sathe, Nila A.; Kennedy, Sara M.; Gottlieb, Laura M.; Cartier, Yuri; Peek, Monica E. (January 19, 2023).
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Sean Keehan, Andrea Sisko, Christopher Truffer, Sheila Smith, Cathy Cowan, John Poisal, M. Kent Clemens, and the National Health Expenditure Accounts Projections Team,
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less likely to have access to quality healthcare, including preventative services. Efforts are underway to close the gap and to provide a more equitable system of care.
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delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps." Private companies such as
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contributed to a healthcare consumption decline for low-income Americans. This trend was reversed after the implementation of the major provisions of the ACA in 2014.
372:
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signed an order extending protection to vaccine makers and federal officials from prosecution during a declared health emergency related to the administration of the
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reached record levels in the United States in 2022, with nearly 49,500 suicide deaths. Since 2011, around 540,000 people in the U.S. have died by suicide. Cumulative
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introduced. The Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity concluded that the United States dominates science and technology, which "was on full display during the
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Cené, Crystal W.; Viswanathan, Meera; Fichtenberg, Caroline M.; Sathe, Nila A.; Kennedy, Sara M.; Gottlieb, Laura M.; Cartier, Yuri; Peek, Monica E. (January 2023).
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US health insurance coverage by source in 2016. CBO estimated ACA/Obamacare was responsible for 23 million persons covered via exchanges and Medicaid expansion.
1990:(AMA) has lobbied the government to highly limit physician education since 1910, currently at 100,000 doctors per year, which has led to a shortage of doctors.
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561:
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passed in 2003. Democrats have charged that the purpose of this provision is merely to allow the pharmaceutical industry to profiteer off of the Medicare program.
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921:(ACA) was passed in 2010, extending healthcare coverage to millions of uninsured Americans and implementing reforms aimed at improving quality and reducing costs.
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are used. The use of hospitalists is sometimes mandated by health insurance companies as a cost-saving measure which is resented by some primary care physicians.
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specialty clinics respectively, and are usually staffed by nurse practitioners. Services, particularly urgent-care services, may also be delivered remotely via
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In the US, ownership of the healthcare system is now mainly in private hands, though federal, state, county, and city governments also own certain facilities.
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About two-thirds of doctors practice in small offices with less than seven physicians, with over 80% owned by physicians; these sometimes join groups such as
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Metcalfe, David; Rios Diaz, Arturo J.; Olufajo, Olubode A.; Massa, M. Sofia; Ketelaar, Nicole Abm; Flottorp, Signe A.; Perry, Daniel C. (September 6, 2018).
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open only to veterans, though veterans who seek medical care for conditions they did not receive while serving in the military are charged for services. The
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launched the IBM Watson Care Manager system to match individuals, considering budget, with a provider and develop individual care plans. Within the US, the
1401:
was passed in 1946, which provided federal funding for hospitals in exchange for treating poor patients. The largest hospital system in 2016 by revenue was
1302:(drug overdoses, alcoholic liver disease, and suicide), which started increasing in the early 1990s, kill roughly 158,000 Americans a year as of 2018.
1004:
covering around 17 million. In 2017, a study found that 73% of plans on ACA marketplaces had narrow networks, limiting access and choice in providers.
809:, and geographical location. The private insurance model predominates, and employer-sponsored insurance is a common way for individuals to obtain coverage.
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710:
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9246:"The World Health Report 2000: Annex Table 1 Health system attainment and performance in all Member States, ranked by eight measures, estimates for 1997"
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
3367:
449:
224:
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Oberman A, Cutter G (September 1984). "Issues in the natural history and treatment of coronary heart disease in black populations: surgical treatment".
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tied to an employer, covering 150 million people. Other major sources include Medicaid, covering 70 million, Medicare, 50 million, and
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8144:(accessed April 24, 2008). Note, CMS also publishes a list of Special Focus Facilities – nursing homes with "a history of serious quality issues" at
2023:, between 1993 and 2003, emergency room visits in the US grew by 26%, while in the same period, the number of emergency departments declined by 425.
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and the death rate for colon cancer has increased among African Americans and Hispanic people. In other cases, inequalities in healthcare reflect a
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benefits that are at least equivalent to benefits offered for medical and surgical procedures. The legislation renews and expands provisions of the
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found that although the US healthcare system is the most expensive in the world, it ranks last on most dimensions of performance when compared with
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5251:. Minneapolis, Minn.: State Health Access Data Assistance Center, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. August 26, 2008. Archived from
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Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, et al. (GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators) (June 2018).
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2013:
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expanded insurance availability through programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, this has exacerbated the problem. According to a study paid for by
443:
218:
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Robinson, Martha. 2005. New Worlds, New Medicines: Indian Remedies and English Medicine in Early America. Early American Studies (Spring): 94-110.
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5764:. Click the sources tab under the chart for info on the countries, healthcare expenditures, and data sources. See the later version of the chart
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3500:"Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation"
2518:, drug abuse, kidney disease and cancer, and falls caused the most additional years of life lost over their age-adjusted 1990 per-capita rates.
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services for the terminally ill who are expected to live six months or less are most commonly subsidized by charities and government. Prenatal,
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ensures that healthcare-related costs, such as medical bills and funeral expenses, do not become a burden during an already challenging time.
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trade groups, the high cost of patented drugs in the US has encouraged substantial reinvestment in such research and development. Though, the
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7277:"Meeting The Escalating Demands For Health And Social Care Services Of Elderly Populations In Developing Countries: A Strategic Perspective"
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9895:"Insurance coverage, medical care use, and short-term health changes following an unintentional injury or the onset of a chronic condition"
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The Foundation for Child Development Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI) Project, Foundation for Child Development (FCD), April 24, 2008
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913:, thereby beginning the practice of employer-sponsored health insurance, a practice that is cemented into the work culture of today. The
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6031:"World Health Statistics 2016 Monitoring health for the SDGs: Annex B, Tables of health statistics by country, WHO region, and globally"
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Maratt, Jennifer K.; Kerr, Eve A.; Klamerus, Mandi L.; Lohman, Shannon E.; Froehlich, Whit; Bhatia, R. Sacha; Saini, Sameer D. (2019).
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Some 20% of doctors report having their patients repeat tests because of an inability to locate the results during a scheduled visit.
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Four of every ten physicians report that their patients have had problems with coordination of their care in the last 12 months.
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provide some outpatient care in their emergency rooms and specialty clinics, but primarily exist to provide inpatient care. Hospital
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2982:, drug standards, and medical device manufacturing standards. It sets performance standards for radiation and ultrasonic equipment.
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appointment and less than one month for elective surgery. However, about 30% of patients reported waiting longer than one month for
1887:, much of which "arose haphazardly". Under this system, the federal government cedes primary responsibility to the states under the
1639:(D.O.) degrees get similar training and go through the same MLE steps as MD's and so are also allowed to use the title "physician".
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encouraged the development of managed care, while advances in medical technology revolutionized treatment. In the 21st century, the
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are composed of professionals who offer their services to people who cannot otherwise find affordable treatment through insurance.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
1286:'s Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute is consistently ranked among the top cardiovascular programs in the United States. In
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In 2019, the under-five child mortality rate was 6.5 deaths per 1000 live births, placing the US 33rd of 37 OECD countries.
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In the early 20th century, advances in medical technology and a focus on public health contributed to a shift in healthcare. The
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2.8-percentage-point increase since that low represents a net increase of about seven million adults without health insurance."
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10129:"Medicare: End-of-Life Hospital Spending for Medicare Beneficiaries With Chronic Health Conditions Varies Widely, Study Finds,"
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can help identify and subsequently mitigate waste associated with costs of healthcare. Other product engineering tools such as
2359:
for breast cancer and prostate cancer, although survival was systematically and substantially lower in Black US men and women.
2070:
1848:
Economists Eric Helland and Alex Tabarrok speculate that the increase in costs of healthcare in the US are largely a result of
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for a child born in the US in 2015 is 81.2 (females) or 76.3 (males) years. According to the WHO, life expectancy in the US is
1176:
1017:
474:
397:
210:
81:
17:
13762:
13261:"Health insurance coverage of immigrants living in the United States: differences by citizenship status and country of origin"
12870:"Health Reform for Beginners: The Difference Between Socialized Medicine, Single-Payer Health Care, and What We'll Be Getting"
12723:
7993:
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5392:
Sommers BD, Gawande AA, Baicker K (August 2017). "Health Insurance Coverage and Health - What the Recent Evidence Tells Us".
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The Paul Wellstone Mental Health and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 mandates that group health plans provide mental health and
2487:
1861:
1029:
975:
867:
154:
12877:
11172:
8714:
5782:
5676:
Schoen C, Doty MM, Collins SR, Holmgren AL (June 14, 2005). "Insured but not protected: how many adults are underinsured?".
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the risk as white people of developing diabetes and have higher overall obesity rates. Minorities also have higher rates of
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16256:
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15644:
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14623:
14394:
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12914:
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12516:
10421:
9279:
7416:"US spending on complementary and alternative medicine during 2002-08 plateaued, suggesting role in reformed health system"
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companies and the federal government. Legislation relating to drug prices in particular tends to cause several issues. The
3053:
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2772:
2640:
More than 60% of doctors report that their patients "sometimes" or "often" experience long wait times for diagnostic tests.
1350:
1229:
1168:
806:
10878:"Changes in Drug Coverage Generosity and Untreated Serious Mental Illness: Transitioning From Medicaid to Medicare Part D"
9333:"The cost of satisfaction: a national study of patient satisfaction, health care utilization, expenditures, and mortality"
8409:"National Library of Medicine – Medical Subject Headings, 2011 MeSH, MeSH Descriptor Data, Quality Assurance, Health Care"
6451:
5651:
897:
The latter part of the 20th century saw continued evolution in healthcare policy, technology, and delivery. Following the
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has produced reports comparing healthcare systems in high income countries using survey and administrative data from the
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to $ 83.6 billion in 2023). A lack of mental health coverage for Americans bears significant ramifications to the
2556:
2098:
experienced longer waits; patients with poor insurance coverage probably face a disproportionate number of long waits.
1467:
1163:
in 2010 was 78.6 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990; this ranks 42nd among 224 nations, and 22nd out of the 35
436:
5820:
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18192:
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16999:
16393:
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15112:
14902:
14628:
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13674:
13650:
5227:"Health insurance coverage: early release of estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–March 2010"
3788:
3550:
3546:
2535:
2438:
1726:
13333:
9332:
7861:"Trends in the Contribution of Emergency Departments to the Provision of Hospital-Associated Health Care in the USA"
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8561:. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. 2011. Archived from
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3931:
3454:
3287:
2376:
1605:
1423:
1416:
517:
499:
277:
12753:
Galvani, Alison P; Parpia, Alyssa S; Foster, Eric M; Singer, Burton H; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C (February 13, 2020).
11445:"How Trends in the Health Care System Affect Low-Income Adults: Identifying Access Problems and Financial Burdens"
11284:"Disparities in Mental Health Treatment in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups: Implications for Psychiatrists"
9170:
9036:"The reversal of fortunes: trends in county mortality and cross-county mortality disparities in the United States"
8113:
7783:
4456:
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14399:
12567:
12541:
8763:. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. January 2010.
7025:
4420:
Thomasson MA (July 2002). "From Sickness to Health: The Twentieth-Century Development of U.S. Health Insurance".
3142:
2069:
Included measures align with other system performance measuring activities including the HHS Strategic Plan, the
2046:
also release quality information and offer services to employers and plans to map quality within their networks.
1564:
1128:
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Approximately 7.6% of the population had overnight stays in 2017, each stay lasting an average of 4.6 days.
486:
189:
183:
177:
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14643:
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14360:
14271:
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11904:
11447:, Issue Brief: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, December 21, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
11342:
10941:
9171:"Cancer survival rates vary by country. Study shows U.S., Japan, and France have highest cancer survival rates"
8936:
In excellent health: setting the record straight on America's health care and charting a path for future reform
5951:"Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births), by WHO region, 2015"
5549:
5073:
3226:
3125:
2874:
2548:
for not looking at cause of death or tracking insurance status changes over time, including the time of death.
2407:
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1636:
1624:
1597:
1449:
1252:
1240:
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764:
is largely provided by private sector healthcare facilities, and paid for by a combination of public programs,
93:
13496:
An American health dilemma: A medical history of African Americans and the problem of race: Beginnings to 1900
12175:
11388:
Trends in healthy life expectancy in the united states, 1970–1990: gender, racial, and educational differences
10463:"The cost of health insurance administration in California: estimates for insurers, physicians, and hospitals"
5711:
Davis K, Ballreich J (October 2014). "Equitable access to care--how the United States ranks internationally".
18097:
17992:
17942:
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16902:
16887:
16625:
16167:
16031:
15947:
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15649:
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14665:
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9564:
4026:
3279:
2935:
2881:, these minority groups have a higher incidence of chronic diseases, higher mortality, poorer health outcomes
958:
734:
9469:
7907:
5328:
Dickman SL, Himmelstein DU, Woolhandler S (April 2017). "Inequality and the health-care system in the USA".
4205:"Health professional regulation in historical context: Canada, the USA and the UK (19th century to present)"
16992:
16877:
16462:
16455:
16388:
16251:
16134:
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15861:
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12036:
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8562:
8126:"Coverage & Access: Disciplinary Action Against Physicians Dropped 6% From 2006 to 2007, Report Finds,"
5934:
5144:
5132:. U.S. Census Bureau: Current Population Reports, P60-239. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
4644:
4624:
3845:
Lee, S.; Martinez, G.; Ma, G.; Hsu, C. E.; Robinson, E. S.; Bawa, J.; Juon, H.-S. (January–February 2010).
3404:
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2327:
argues that the US "spends huge sums of money for some of the worst health outcomes in the Western world".
2248:
1987:
1900:
1307:
1303:
1172:
997:
825:
754:
159:
123:
12433:"Challenges of access to medicine and the responsibility of pharmaceutical companies: a legal perspective"
9668:
9449:"2008 Special Focus Report: Trends in Infancy/Early Childhood and Middle Childhood Well-Being, 1994–2006,"
8856:
Mirror, Mirror 2017: International Comparison Reflects Flaws and Opportunities for Better U.S. Health Care
8145:
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5206:
789:
elderly and low-income individuals, receiving more comprehensive care through government programs such as
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16907:
16383:
16334:
16149:
16051:
15974:
15856:
15752:
15577:
15562:
15500:
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14633:
13049:"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: Reforming the Health Care Reform for the New Decade"
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6329:
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3267:
2847:
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2720:
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in the year 2000 found that the US spends substantially more on healthcare than any other country in the
2387:
1080:
1040:, where payers use various techniques intended to improve quality and limit cost, has become ubiquitous.
609:
135:
10235:
8279:
3198:, estimated that a universal healthcare system could have saved more than 338,000 lives during the
2962:
1389:
share of total hospital capacity has remained relatively stable (about 70%) for decades. There are also
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15767:
15757:
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13090:"Changes in Self-reported Insurance Coverage, Access to Care, and Health Under the Affordable Care Act"
11964:
Berdahl, Carl Thomas; Baker, Lawrence; Mann, Sean; Osoba, Osonde; Girosi, Federico (February 7, 2023).
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10128:
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5165:
3578:"Universal Health Insurance in the United States: Reflections on the Past, the Present, and the Future"
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337:
297:
112:
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3782:
Guilamo-Ramos, V; Thimm-Kaiser, M; Benzekri, A; ChacĂłn, G; Rios, E; Scaccabarrozzi, L (January 2020).
2231:
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10088:"Tracking the Care of Patients with Severe Chronic Illness: the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care 2008."
8854:
Schneider, Eric C.; Sarnak, Dana O.; Squires, David; Shah, Arnav; Doty, Michelle M. (June 14, 2017).
8462:"Impact of public release of performance data on the behaviour of healthcare consumers and providers"
6784:
Casalino LP, Pesko MF, Ryan AM, Mendelsohn JL, Copeland KR, Ramsay PP, et al. (September 2014).
6078:"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation: United States both sexes, all ages, deaths per 100,000"
5437:"Premium subsidies, the mandate, and Medicaid expansion: Coverage effects of the Affordable Care Act"
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2001:
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898:
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117:
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disease, or cirrhosis, caused by alcohol also increased — shortening the average American life span.
2302:
As of 2017, the US stands 43rd in the world with a life expectancy of 80.00 years In 2007, the
2146:
2064:
system effectiveness, researchers and policy makers track system measures and trends over time. The
1310:
of ten years or more is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality in the United States annually.
1090:
18247:
18167:
18072:
18052:
17887:
17877:
17847:
17812:
17807:
17762:
17737:
17612:
17542:
17492:
17457:
17367:
17352:
17052:
16946:
16810:
16549:
15979:
15359:
15329:
15324:
15314:
15080:
15036:
14877:
14638:
14424:
14288:
14102:
14042:
13744:
12538:"Most Republicans Think the U.S. Health Care System is the Best in the World. Democrats Disagree.,"
11613:"Black/white differences in non-treatment of bladder cancer patients and implications for survival"
10326:
10132:
10075:"Variations In Hospital Resource Use For Medicare And Privately Insured Populations In California,"
10074:
9448:
9377:"Measures Used to Assess the Impact of Interventions to Reduce Low-Value Care: a Systematic Review"
9183:
Coleman MP, Quaresma M, Berrino F, Lutz JM, De Angelis R, Capocaccia R, et al. (August 2008).
7812:
7723:
7364:
6226:
5375:
4784:
3479:
3168:
3109:
3092:
2796:
2661:
Many primary care physicians no longer see their patients while they are in the hospital; instead,
2654:
2495:
2256:
1919:
1849:
1225:
1009:
980:
794:
614:
315:
64:
11929:
Gerke, Sara; Minssen, Timo; Cohen, Glenn (January 1, 2020), Bohr, Adam; Memarzadeh, Kaveh (eds.),
10730:
8802:
8326:
8013:
7169:
6584:
5226:
3918:"Prior Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Racial Differences in Health Care System Distrust"
3721:
Murdock, Christopher J.; Laurencin, Lynne; Christensen, Donna M.; Laurencin, Cato T. (June 2018).
2743:
2559:
found no increased mortality from being uninsured after certain risk factors were controlled for.
1429:
1341:
in the US encompass individual healthcare personnel, healthcare facilities, and medical products.
18262:
18127:
18082:
17922:
17852:
17802:
17687:
17342:
17332:
17107:
16845:
15473:
15209:
14967:
13934:
13779:
13361:"Refugee Resettlement Patterns and State-Level Health Care Insurance Access in the United States"
11879:
11283:
10109:
7860:
7049:
5848:
2595:
2475:
2356:
2288:
2236:
2209:
1904:
1825:
in the last year of life accounted for about 8.5%, and the last three years of life about 16.7%.
1197:
654:
12133:
11470:
11369:
10349:
9876:
8343:
5252:
1205:
18287:
18177:
18172:
18137:
18092:
18087:
18002:
17982:
17957:
17872:
17827:
17822:
17747:
17667:
17582:
17577:
17527:
17482:
17447:
17442:
17427:
17412:
17092:
16882:
16471:
15925:
15275:
15085:
15065:
14867:
14722:
14517:
14464:
14449:
14293:
13981:
13688:
12651:
12333:"AMA calls for ban on direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs and medical devices"
11123:
Committee, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Oral Health Coordinating (March 2016).
8003:, PriceWaterhouseCoopers for America's Health Insurance Plans, 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
7489:
7463:
6959:
6681:
Cohen GR, Jones DJ, Heeringa J, Barrett K, Furukawa MF, Miller D, et al. (December 2017).
6102:
4635:
4615:
3922:
3542:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3409:
3078:
on pharmaceuticals accounts for a smaller share (13%) of total healthcare costs compared to an
2887:
2732:
2526:
2515:
2423:
2280:
2224:
2074:
1801:
1442:
1244:
938:
769:
649:
594:
389:
129:
72:
12134:
Coverage Under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act for H1N1 Vaccination
11966:"Strategies to Improve the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Health Equity: Scoping Review"
10964:
10785:
9499:"Stan Brock: the British cowboy turned movie star who rescued millions of uninsured Americans"
9232:
9035:
8622:
Coyte PC, Wright JG, Hawker GA, Bombardier C, Dittus RS, Paul JE, et al. (October 1994).
7908:"End-Of-Life Medical Spending In Last Twelve Months Of Life Is Lower Than Previously Reported"
4174:
3635:"Here's a Map of the Countries That Provide Universal Health Care (America's Still Not on It)"
1907:
plans offered by large employers, which exempt from state laws under preemption clause of the
1899:
at the state level and the testing and approval of pharmaceuticals and medical devices by the
1050:
is renowned for its patient-centered approach to care and its commitment to accessibility. In
901:, employers, unable to provide higher salaries to attract or retain employees, began to offer
18267:
18252:
18242:
18222:
18197:
18102:
18062:
18017:
17932:
17897:
17892:
17882:
17862:
17787:
17782:
17777:
17677:
17672:
17622:
17597:
17572:
17567:
17547:
17522:
17497:
17487:
17437:
17402:
17382:
17377:
17362:
17347:
17337:
17317:
17312:
17307:
17167:
16871:
16772:
16124:
15807:
14922:
14479:
14444:
14439:
14382:
14365:
14095:
13549:
The politics of healing: histories of alternative medicine in twentieth-century North America
13309:"Find out what immigration statuses qualify for coverage in the Health Insurance Marketplace"
12724:"Mandatory Health Insurance Now! It will save private medicine – and spur medical innovation"
12629:
12589:
12285:"Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Special 301 Submission of 2008"
11090:
10602:"Annual expenditures for nursing home care: Private and public payer price growth, 1977–2004"
10553:"Annual expenditures for nursing home care: Private and public payer price growth, 1977–2004"
7361:"Latest Survey Shows More Hospitals Offering Complementary and Alternative Medicine Services"
6003:
5015:
4925:
Government's share of overall health spending was 64% of national health expenditures in 2013
4792:
4786:
3245:
3241:
2020:
1457:
878:
855:
631:
511:
320:
52:
11009:"Access to dental care and blood pressure profiles in adults with high socioeconomic status"
10834:
10763:
9004:
8100:
7701:
7529:
7512:
6683:"Leveraging Diverse Data Sources to Identify and Describe U.S. Health Care Delivery Systems"
6221:
6162:
4546:
18282:
18217:
18202:
18162:
18142:
18067:
18027:
18022:
17997:
17972:
17947:
17867:
17857:
17817:
17772:
17757:
17752:
17732:
17707:
17657:
17647:
17632:
17602:
17507:
17452:
17422:
17417:
17397:
17387:
17322:
17271:
17112:
17102:
17047:
17042:
16973:
16941:
16865:
16559:
16544:
16495:
16476:
15604:
15478:
15369:
14747:
14179:
14159:
14107:
14057:
13998:
13929:
11831:"In the Literature: Do Hospitals Provide Lower-Quality Care To Minorities Than To Whites?,"
11387:
9305:
9098:
7389:
7276:
6514:
5847:
Murray CJ, Atkinson C, Bhalla K, Birbeck G, Burstein R, Chou D, et al. (August 2013).
4157:
Health, Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Study of the Future of Public (1988).
3444:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3348:
3185:
2829:
was common, but, after the law came into effect in 2014, it became effectively prohibited.
2826:
2785:
2757:
2567:
A study of international healthcare spending levels published in the health policy journal
2434:
2252:
1993:
An even bigger problem may be that the doctors are paid for procedures instead of results.
1896:
1818:
1698:
1613:
1494:
1359:
1338:
1051:
777:
682:
626:
505:
197:
12306:
12096:
11779:
Council on Ethical Judicial Affairs (May 1990). "Black-white disparities in health care".
11331:
American Public Health Association (APHA), Eliminating Health Disparities: Toolkit (2004).
10050:
9990:
9773:"Despite slight drop in uninsured, last year's figure points to 48,000 preventable deaths"
9722:
Wilper AP, Woolhandler S, Lasser KE, McCormick D, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU (December 2009).
8516:
Corrigan, Janet M. "Crossing the quality chasm." Building a Better Delivery System (2005).
7813:"Health Spending Projections Through 2017: The Baby-Boom Generation Is Coming To Medicare"
6786:"Small primary care physician practices have low rates of preventable hospital admissions"
8:
18277:
18187:
18152:
18132:
18122:
18007:
17927:
17907:
17902:
17837:
17792:
17742:
17727:
17712:
17682:
17662:
17627:
17607:
17552:
17477:
17472:
17392:
17087:
16849:
16016:
15932:
15742:
15458:
15143:
14774:
13971:
12821:
11854:
11664:(July 1987). "Relationship between patient race and the intensity of hospital services".
11589:
11494:"Spectre of racism in health and health care: lessons from history and the United States"
11125:"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Oral Health Strategic Framework, 2014–2017"
10213:
8939:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. pp. 199–205.
8664:"Patient's Wait Time from Decision to Having Orthopedic Surgery – Health Quality Ontario"
7311:"Cryotherapy, cupping and TMS: New forms of alternative medicine treatment in St. George"
7114:
6893:
6551:
6377:
4120:
3398:
3218:
3206:
2904:
2507:
2391:
1975:
1963:
1661:
1627:, uses the term "physician" to describe all medical practitioners holding a professional
1471:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1371:
1299:
1248:
1221:
Timeline of US life expectancy by gender and overall. Also, a timeline of the gender gap.
1147:
1001:
918:
829:
802:
13035:
Cost Estimates for H.R. 4872, Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Final Health Care Legislation)
12000:
11965:
11931:"Chapter 12 - Ethical and legal challenges of artificial intelligence-driven healthcare"
10168:
9102:
7649:"Why Are U.S. Health Costs The World's Highest? Study Affirms 'It's The Prices, Stupid'"
6300:
6275:
5950:
4785:
Institute of Medicine. Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance (January 13, 2004).
18182:
17987:
17952:
17832:
17767:
17697:
17692:
17502:
17467:
17057:
16835:
16610:
16574:
15256:
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14962:
14952:
14929:
14912:
14308:
14052:
14047:
13919:
13705:
13621:
13537:
13393:
13360:
13285:
13260:
12794:
12781:
12754:
12467:
12432:
12382:
12365:
12244:
12117:
12013:
11741:
11724:
11689:
11637:
11612:
11518:
11493:
11374:
11149:
11124:
11100:
11073:
11054:
11041:
11008:
10910:
10877:
10626:
10601:
10577:
10552:
10528:
10504:"Nursing Home Quality and Financial Performance: Is There a Business Case for Quality?"
10503:
10308:
10172:
9853:
9828:
9748:
9723:
9560:
9532:
9409:
9376:
9318:
9144:
9121:
9086:
9062:
8494:
8461:
8226:
8202:"Certificate of Need (CON) for cardiac care: controversy over the contributions of CON"
8201:
7906:
French EB, McCauley J, Aragon M, Bakx P, Chalkley M, Chen SH, et al. (July 2017).
7888:
7630:
7440:
7415:
6875:
6709:
6682:
6393:
5876:
5736:
5616:
5591:
5546:"Medical Debt Huge Bankruptcy Culprit – Study: It's Behind Six-In-Ten Personal Filings"
5527:
5477:
5417:
5353:
4911:
4886:
4759:
4734:
4486:
4437:
4296:
4263:
4239:
4204:
4002:
3997:
3973:
3960:
3917:
3898:
3885:
3850:
3822:
3784:"The Invisible US Hispanic/Latino HIV Crisis: Addressing Gaps in the National Response"
3783:
3759:
3722:
3698:
3673:
3610:
3577:
3262:
3104:
3074:
2862:
2649:
2303:
1632:
1540:
in the US that provide limited medical services. They are considered to be part of the
1386:
1192:
693:
282:
164:
13539:
The Mentally Ill in America: A History of Their Care and Treatment from Colonial Times
12772:
11576:
Kjellstrand CM (June 1988). "Age, sex, and race inequality in renal transplantation".
10394:"Why Does U.S. Health Care Cost So Much? (Part II: Indefensible Administrative Costs)"
9976:
9812:
9799:
9204:
8833:
7513:"The Obama administration's options for health care cost control: hope versus reality"
6609:
5341:
4091:
3689:
1817:
In 2017, a study estimated that nearly half of hospital-associated care resulted from
1555:
In 2022, 19 hospitals filed for bankruptcy, closed, or announced plans to close.
846:
16782:
16767:
16762:
16669:
16539:
16534:
15999:
15155:
14507:
14005:
13924:
13909:
13694:
13670:
13646:
13629:
13581:
13567:
Sickness and health in America: Readings in the history of medicine and public health
13510:
13479:
13460:
13398:
13380:
13290:
13182:
13155:
13114:
13070:
12798:
12786:
12688:
12472:
12454:
12387:
12248:
12236:
12195:
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11987:
11938:
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11523:
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11254:
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11046:
11028:
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10897:
10893:
10858:
10672:
10631:
10582:
10533:
10484:
10300:
10101:
10013:
9980:
9916:
9877:"It's The Prices, Stupid: Why The United States Is So Different From Other Countries"
9858:
9844:
9753:
9414:
9396:
9357:
9209:
9126:
9067:
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8940:
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8534:
8499:
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8309:
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8217:
7932:
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7880:
7773:
7748:
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7622:
7534:
7445:
7225:
7191:
6867:
6863:
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6714:
6305:
6172:
5881:
5761:
5740:
5728:
5693:
5621:
5519:
5469:
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5345:
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5023:
4916:
4796:
4764:
4750:
4682:
4490:
4400:
4301:
4283:
4244:
4226:
4018:
4010:
3965:
3947:
3890:
3872:
3827:
3809:
3764:
3746:
3703:
3615:
3597:
3503:
3013:
3009:
2916:
2866:
2490:, and traffic accidents caused the most years of life lost in the US. Low back pain,
2449:
2348:
2244:
1782:
1585:
1541:
1256:
1135:
having the highest healthcare expenditures despite significant patient cost-sharing.
989:
910:
882:
851:
818:
773:
765:
13207:
13034:
12263:"High Drug Prices and Patient Costs: Millions of Lives and Billions of Dollars Lost"
12262:
11693:
10145:
9669:"U.S. health-care system ranks last among 11 high-income countries, researchers say"
9352:
6879:
6397:
6291:
6058:
5765:
5531:
5357:
4441:
3977:
3902:
3124:
The US, along with New Zealand, make up the only countries in the world that allows
2813:
in adults of all previously listed populations has remained consistent or worsened.
1536:
Besides government and private healthcare facilities, there are also 355 registered
1217:
16859:
16800:
16706:
16529:
15915:
15762:
15468:
15288:
14298:
14139:
14122:
14117:
13956:
13774:
13613:
13388:
13372:
13280:
13272:
13145:
13104:
13060:
12776:
12768:
12731:
12680:
12462:
12444:
12377:
12226:
12187:
12121:
12114:
12068:
11995:
11977:
11788:
11736:
11720:
11709:"Racial Health Equity and Social Needs Interventions: A Review of a Scoping Review"
11673:
11632:
11624:
11585:
11550:
11513:
11505:
11295:
11144:
11136:
11095:
11085:
11036:
11020:
10905:
10889:
10848:
10662:
10621:
10613:
10572:
10564:
10523:
10515:
10474:
10312:
10290:
9972:
9906:
9848:
9840:
9807:
9743:
9735:
9576:
9404:
9388:
9347:
9199:
9116:
9106:
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8859:
8837:
8635:
8489:
8477:
8473:
8301:
8221:
8213:
7922:
7872:
7675:
7634:
7614:
7524:
7435:
7427:
7390:"The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States: Cost Data"
7291:
7151:
7059:
6974:
6859:
6797:
6704:
6694:
6385:
6295:
6287:
5871:
5863:
5849:"The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors"
5720:
5685:
5611:
5603:
5511:
5481:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5421:
5401:
5337:
5295:
5279:
Dickman SL, Woolhandler S, Bor J, McCormick D, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU (July 2016).
5186:
5124:
4906:
4898:
4860:
4754:
4746:
4631:
4611:
4476:
4468:
4429:
4291:
4275:
4234:
4216:
4119:
Stats from 2007 Europ.Fed.of Pharm.Indust.and Assoc. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from
3955:
3939:
3880:
3864:
3817:
3801:
3754:
3738:
3693:
3685:
3605:
3589:
3244:, subsidizing insurance premiums for individuals and families making up to 400% of
2810:
2511:
2442:
2087:
1822:
1789:, and CT and MRI scans; CT and MRI scans also showed higher utilization in the US.
1786:
1483:
1283:
906:
12817:"Universal Health Care Could Have Saved More Than 330,000 U.S. Lives during COVID"
12702:
12490:
Cubanski, Juliette; Neuman, Tricia; Published, Meredith Freed (January 24, 2023).
12231:
12146:
9185:"Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD)"
7335:
2142:
1748:
16721:
16716:
16675:
16641:
15624:
15400:
15298:
15070:
14370:
14303:
14072:
13993:
13939:
13769:
13690:
The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper and Fairer Health Care
13575:
13150:
13133:
13065:
13048:
12659:
12564:
12292:
11837:
11394:
11234:
10786:"The Carter Center Mental Health Program: Combating the Stigma of Mental Illness"
10617:
10568:
10373:
Sacia KJ, Dobson RH (February 20, 2003). Health Plan Administrative Cost Trends.
10361:
10333:
10192:
10152:
10116:
10094:
10057:
10039:
10031:
9700:
9283:
9245:
9111:
9052:
8934:
8718:
8395:
8376:
8357:
8052:
8000:
7724:"The Distribution Of Public Spending For Health Care In The United States, 2002,"
7707:
6578:"The Convergence between For-Profit and Nonprofit Hospitals in the United States"
3943:
3734:
3334:
3221:(Public Law 111–148) is a healthcare reform bill that was signed into law in the
3088:
2997:
2608:
2545:
2352:
2108:
1828:
As of 2013, administration of healthcare constituted 30% of US healthcare costs.
1722:
1706:
1652:
1601:
1510:
1394:
1160:
1084:
993:
886:
871:
659:
12684:
10086:
John E. Wennberg, Elliott S. Fisher, David C. Goodman, and Jonathan S. Skinner,
9647:"Five Product Engineering Methods That Can Be Applied to Health Care Management"
9276:
8640:
8623:
7006:
4707:
4547:"Overview of Hospital Stays in the United States, 2011 - Statistical Brief #166"
4158:
3249:
of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing
2674:
Canada, where administrative overhead was estimated to be about half of the US.
1584:(NIAID), Dr. Fauci a prominent figure in public health, particularly during the
1063:
and rates of health insurance coverage. In 2004, an OECD report noted that "all
16805:
16790:
16661:
16094:
15994:
15377:
14512:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14164:
14027:
13961:
12919:
12624:
11299:
11140:
9392:
9306:"The Public Versus The World Health Organization On Health System Performance,"
8964:
8692:
7956:
7741:"Trends and Projections in Inpatient Hospital Costs and Utilization, 2003–2013"
7726:
7543:
7011:
6979:
6733:"Boosting competition among hospitals, health systems will improve health care"
5378:. Map is updated as changes occur. Click on states for details. March 20, 2024.
4675:"Overview of Hospital Stays in the United States, 2012: Statistical Brief #180"
4674:
4279:
4221:
4054:
3258:
2923:
2878:
2653:, the relationship between doctors and patients is deteriorating. A study from
2569:
2284:
1958:
1770:
1657:
1628:
1402:
1043:
814:
664:
343:
325:
16984:
12558:"Americans' Views on the U.S. Health Care System Compared to Other Countries,"
12449:
11813:
Darrell J. Gaskin, Christine S. Spencer, Patrick Richard, Gerard F. Anderson,
11509:
10988:
10691:"Colorado proposes running public health care option through private insurers"
10667:
10650:
10479:
10462:
8787:
8732:
7927:
7431:
6802:
6785:
6482:"Child and teen mortality in the U.S. experiences largest increase in decades"
5607:
5590:
Kelley AS, McGarry K, Fahle S, Marshall SM, Du Q, Skinner JS (February 2013).
5300:
4522:"Overview of U.S. Hospital Stays in 2016: Variation by Geographic Region #246"
4348:
Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742
3742:
730:
18301:
16579:
16564:
16554:
15075:
14375:
14184:
13819:
13384:
13376:
13186:
12458:
12240:
11991:
11792:
11732:
11307:
11268:
11032:
10901:
10519:
10186:
10070:
9934:
9911:
9894:
9875:
Gerard F. Anderson, Uwe E. Reinhardt, Peter S. Hussey and Varduhi Petrosyan,
9739:
9400:
9272:
9034:
Ezzati M, Friedman AB, Kulkarni SC, Murray CJ (April 2008). Novotny T (ed.).
8696:
8624:"Waiting times for knee-replacement surgery in the United States and Ontario"
8485:
8369:
8313:
7876:
7229:
7195:
5523:
5497:"State Medicaid Expansions and Mortality, Revisited: A Cost-Benefit Analysis"
5246:"Comparing federal government surveys that count uninsured people in America"
4902:
4457:"The Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: How Reasonable Are the Projections?"
4287:
4230:
4014:
4006:
3951:
3876:
3846:
3813:
3805:
3750:
3601:
3385:– tabular comparisons of the US, Canada, and other countries not shown above.
3222:
2912:
2781:
2580:
2364:
2344:
1951:
1837:
1714:
1573:
1415:, where the provider and the insurer share the risk in an attempt to provide
1313:
1201:
1033:
746:
738:
267:
12492:"Explaining the Prescription Drug Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act"
12265:. West Health Council for Informed Drug Spending Analysis. November 18, 2020
8591:
8103:, Report by the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice, 2004
5867:
2713:
2291:, as well as information on healthcare outcomes from Commonwealth Fund, the
2007:
16892:
16825:
16820:
16726:
16701:
16656:
15382:
15354:
14409:
13633:
13604:
Numbers RL (1982). "The History of American medicine: A Field in Ferment".
13402:
13334:"Obamacare: Visitors, International students, immigrants & US citizens"
13294:
13159:
13118:
13109:
13074:
12812:
12790:
12476:
12391:
12215:"The big cost of big medicine – calculating the rent in private healthcare"
12199:
12082:
12009:
11814:
11750:
11315:
11250:
Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
11173:"New York State Medicaid program - dental policy and procedure code manual"
11158:
11109:
11050:
10919:
10862:
10853:
10676:
10635:
10586:
10537:
10488:
10304:
9984:
9920:
9862:
9757:
9593:
9418:
9361:
9213:
9130:
9071:
8503:
8235:
8125:
7936:
7884:
7752:
7687:
7679:
7626:
7618:
7600:"Health Care Spending in the United States and Other High-Income Countries"
7538:
7449:
6871:
6811:
6718:
6309:
6158:
5885:
5732:
5697:
5689:
5625:
5473:
5413:
5349:
5309:
5187:"Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2009"
4920:
4817:
Congress, Senate, Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on Health, 1978, P.126
4768:
4686:
4472:
4433:
4305:
4248:
4022:
3969:
3894:
3831:
3768:
3723:"HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community 2018: A Decade Call To Action"
3707:
3639:
3619:
3434:
3283:
3229:
2908:
2856:
2613:
2552:
2324:
1918:
and includes various new regulations, with one of the most notable being a
1915:
1810:
1609:
1604:
to practice in a state. This includes going through the three steps of the
1577:
1537:
1526:
1124:
1037:
1036:
employees is primarily provided by the government in its role as employer.
984:
The numbers of uninsured Americans and the uninsured rate from 1987 to 2008
859:
330:
171:
13276:
12692:
12517:"Medicare – Part D Non-Interference Clause | Chronic Care Policy Alliance"
12191:
11800:
11685:
11646:
11628:
11597:
11562:
11527:
10508:
Inquiry: The Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing
10502:
Weech-Maldonado, R.; Pradhan, R.; Dayama, N.; Lord, J.; Gupta, S. (2019).
9696:"New study finds 45,000 deaths annually linked to lack of health coverage"
9580:
8649:
8389:
Fact Sheet: The Future of Emergency Care: Key Findings and Recommendations
8293:
8046:
Appendix B: Preliminary Report of the Massachusetts Attorney General (PDF)
7978:
7155:
6850:
Nadkarni MM, Philbrick JT (July 2005). "Free clinics: a national survey".
6389:
5405:
5044:"New study finds 45,000 deaths annually linked to lack of health coverage"
17263:
16518:
15659:
15190:
14527:
14429:
14169:
14032:
13788:
12652:"The Right to Health in the United States of America: What Does it Mean?"
12073:
12056:
11661:
11024:
10717:"Federal Subsidies for Health Insurance Coverage for People Under Age 65"
10295:
10278:
8305:
8162:
7295:
6602:"The Hill–Burton Act | The Center On Congress at Indiana University"
6452:"America has a life expectancy crisis. But it's not a political priority"
5724:
5515:
5464:
5281:"Health Spending For Low-, Middle-, And High-Income Americans, 1963-2012"
5126:
Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2010
3593:
3538:
3254:
3084:
2662:
2503:
2479:
2268:
1778:
1718:
1522:
1502:
1498:
1479:
1047:
934:
742:
291:
13753:
13597:
Caring for Equality: A History of African American Health and Healthcare
11819:"Do Hospitals Provide Lower-Quality Care To Minorities Than To Whites?,"
11444:
11370:
Geographies of Opportunity: Ranking Well-Being by Congressional District
10716:
8841:
7836:. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. October 3, 2016. Archived from
6059:"U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health"
5436:
4827:
The Book of Numbers, compiled by the Editors of Heron House, 1978, P.231
4494:
4481:
3993:"Hospitals and Insurers Didn't Want You to See These Prices. Here's Why"
3868:
3531:"How to Improve Access to Health Care: Issues & Potential Solutions"
2355:
diagnosed during 1990–1994 in 31 countries, the US had the highest
1463:
1279:
16736:
16696:
14522:
14328:
14154:
14149:
14067:
13684:
13660:
13625:
12759:
10835:"Clinician Shortage Exacerbates Pandemic-Fueled "Mental Health Crisis""
9087:"Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993-2001"
8863:
8379:, American College of Emergency Physicians. Retrieved October 30, 2007.
8041:
7666:
Emanuel EJ (March 2018). "The Real Cost of the US Health Care System".
6657:"Dignity-CHI merger creates largest nonprofit health system by revenue"
6004:"Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Life expectancy data by country"
5930:
4864:
3781:
3655:"The U.S. Health Care System: An International Perspective - DPEAFLCIO"
3180:
3167:
Much of the historical debate around healthcare reform centered around
2776:
2630:
1884:
1710:
1697:
are being practiced more frequently than before. This field is labeled
1648:
1569:
1260:
12366:"Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Therapeutic or Toxic?"
11880:"Towards improving access to medical devices through local production"
6699:
2907:
in healthcare. For example, minorities are not regularly screened for
2865:
are well documented in the United States in ethnic minorities such as
2363:
study). The WHO study has been criticized by the free market advocate
2141:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1405:; in 2019, Dignity Health and Catholic Health Initiatives merged into
16731:
16615:
16011:
16004:
13520:
13235:"It's time to guarantee healthcare to all Americans as a human right"
13175:"Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt"
13134:"Is health care spending higher under Medicaid or private insurance?"
12174:
Heffler S, Smith S, Keehan S, Clemens MK, Zezza M, Truffer C (2004).
11248:
10327:"Perspective: Administrative Costs of Private Health Insurance Plans"
10279:"Costs of health care administration in the United States and Canada"
8688:
7574:"What Country Spends The Most (And Least) On Health Care Per Person?"
6960:"A census of actively licensed physicians in the United States, 2016"
6420:"American life expectancy is now at its lowest in nearly two decades"
6154:
5901:"American life expectancy is now at its lowest in nearly two decades"
5757:
3415:
Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country
3056:
and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.
2320:
1950:(CMS) publishes an online searchable database of performance data on
1892:
1518:
1514:
1486:. It consistently ranks among the top hospitals in the United States.
1287:
1055:
902:
890:
866:
The healthcare system in the United States can be traced back to the
13721:
Major Problems in the History of American Medicine and Public Health
13617:
9468:. Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. Archived from
9463:"International Comparison of Medicines Usage: Quantitative Analysis"
6193:"Suicides in the U.S. reached all-time high in 2022, CDC data shows"
5185:
DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor BD, Smith, Jessica C. (September 16, 2010).
5184:
4989:
3720:
3212:
2197:
Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States
1397:
in some locations, mainly owned by county and city governments. The
16651:
16605:
16595:
14194:
14144:
12845:"What Is 'Socialized Medicine'?: A Taxonomy of Health Care Systems"
11778:
11766:"Racial Health Equity and Social Needs Interventions: Rapid Review"
6958:
Young A, Chaudhry HJ, Pei X, Arnhart K, Dugan M, Snyder GB (2017).
6197:
5212:. Rockville, Md.: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
3425:
List of healthcare accreditation organizations in the United States
3237:
2891:
1974:
In 1978, the federal government required that all states implement
1617:
1490:
1475:
1326:
1013:
950:
790:
750:
287:
58:
12671:
Sade RM (December 1971). "Medical care as a right: a refutation".
12407:"Senate healthcare bill advances with rejection of imported drugs"
11982:
11005:
10146:"Uncoordinated Care: A Survey of Physician and Patient Experience"
9883:, Volume 22, Number 3, May/June 2003. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
8879:"Five ways the American health care system is literally the worst"
7747:(175). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
6926:
6353:"Poverty is a major public health crisis. Let's treat it like one"
5754:
Link between health spending and life expectancy: US is an outlier
3313:
have aimed at expanding health insurance coverage to also improve
1317:
Post-COVID life expectancy in the US, UK, Netherlands, and Austria
243:
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
16815:
16711:
16600:
10990:"Sedgwick Ignores Medical Records and Denies Disability Benefits"
8760:
7859:
Marcozzi D, Carr B, Liferidge A, Baehr N, Browne B (April 2018).
4679:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs
3851:"Barriers to Health Care Access in 13 Asian American Communities"
2499:
2227:). 11.2% for Canada in 2022. 16.6% for the United States in 2022.
1969:
1694:
1668:
1530:
1506:
1021:
76:
13577:
Money-Driven Medicine: The Real Reason Health Care Costs So Much
11428:"Well: Antibiotic Prescription? It May Depend on Where You Live"
10501:
10029:"Geographic Variation Trends in Prescription Use: 2000 to 2006,"
9721:
8961:"Measuring the Health of Nations: Updating an Earlier Analysis,"
6276:"Novel Estimates of Mortality Associated With Poverty in the US"
5232:. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
4397:
Lotions, Potions, Pills, and Magic: Health Care in Early America
2181:
1441:
operates field hospitals as well as permanent hospitals via the
16646:
13783:
12307:"As Drug Prices Climb, Democrats Find Fault With Medicare Plan"
11763:
11706:
11247:
Smedley, Brian D.; Stith, Adrienne Y.; Nelson, Alan R. (2003).
10098:
The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice
7079:"U.S. pharmaceutical R&D expenditure 1995-2015 | Statistic"
6825:
5372:"Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions: Interactive Map"
4650:
2502:
caused the most years lost to disability. The most deleterious
2483:
2445:
have been used to improve efficiencies in healthcare delivery.
2276:
2272:
1151:
Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich OECD countries.
16487:
13643:
Medicine Without Doctors: Home Health Care in American History
12213:
Stelzner, Mark Joseph; Nam, Daniel Taekmin (August 11, 2020).
11459:"Progress lags in infection prevention and health disparities"
11409:"Senior consult:Check drugs supplements to avoid interactions"
10276:
7819:
Web Exclusive, February 26, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
5278:
4887:"The Current and Projected Taxpayer Shares of US Health Costs"
3863:(1). PNG Publications and Scientific Research Limited: 21–30.
3188:
system could save 68,000 lives and $ 450 billion in
3114:
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act
2725:
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act
2723:
system whereby consumers pay more out-of-pocket. In 2003, the
2109:
Population health: quality, prevention, vulnerable populations
1647:
As in most other countries, the manufacture and production of
1642:
1445:
to provide military-funded care to active military personnel.
231:
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act
12944:"Health Care Reform Bill 101: Who gets subsidized insurance?"
10875:
9317:
Christopher J.L. Murray, Kei Kawabata, and Nicole Valentine,
9175:
8606:"Commonwealth Fund 2010 Health Policy Survey in 11 Countries"
8459:
7952:"The Reason Health Care Is So Expensive: Insurance Companies"
7718:
7716:
6222:"Deaths of despair and suicides in the US at historic levels"
5327:
2386:
A critic of the US healthcare system, British philanthropist
1600:
who have progressed through the necessary steps to acquire a
1367:
271:
13735:
13258:
10651:"Consumer-driven health care: just a tweak or a revolution?"
10600:
Stewart, K. A.; Grabowski, D. C.; Lakdawalla, D. N. (2009).
10551:
Stewart, K. A.; Grabowski, D. C.; Lakdawalla, D. N. (2009).
10266:. Federal Insurance Office, U.S. Department of the Treasury.
10206:"Use of mandatory hospitalists blasted, ACP Observer May 99"
9233:
World Health Organization assesses the world's health system
9085:
Jemal A, Ward E, Anderson RN, Murray T, Thun MJ (May 2008).
9033:
8896:
6536:"100 of the largest hospitals and health systems in America"
6057:
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2013)
5807:
5805:
5803:
2775:
found that mental illnesses are the second leading cause of
12928:
12585:"Insuring America's Health: Principles and Recommendations"
12147:"OECD Health Data 2005: How Does the United States Compare"
11208:. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. September 24, 2013
10839:
9220:
8829:
8761:"The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation"
8621:
6933:
6783:
6759:
6510:"Child mortality is rising at the fastest rate in 50 years"
6129:"U.S. Ranks Below 16 Other Rich Countries In Health Report"
5846:
5123:
DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor BD, Smith JC (September 13, 2011).
4321:
Delivering health care in America : a systems approach
3671:
3492:
3297:
3194:
3079:
2820:
1701:(CAM) and are defined as therapies generally not taught in
1679:
1409:
to create the largest by revenue, spanning 21 states.
1291:
1186:
well as several other Western European countries. In 2019,
1164:
11072:
Northridge, Mary E.; Kumar, Anjali; Kaur, Raghbir (2020).
10599:
10550:
10261:"Annual Report on the Insurance Industry (September 2018)"
9775:. Physicians for a National Health Program. Archived from
9331:
Fenton JJ, Jerant AF, Bertakis KD, Franks P (March 2012).
9330:
9182:
8853:
7858:
7729:
27, no. 5 (2008): w349–59 (published online July 29, 2008)
7713:
7414:
Davis MA, Martin BI, Coulter ID, Weeks WB (January 2013).
6934:"Home - Doctors That DO | Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine"
5589:
3915:
2581:
Delays in seeking care and increased use of emergency care
2533:, a pro-single payer lobbying group, and published by the
2212:. $ 6,319 for Canada in 2022. $ 12,555 for the US in 2022.
2077:, and the National Strategies for Quality and Prevention.
2000:
Thirty-six states require that healthcare workers undergo
1879:
Healthcare is subject to extensive regulation at both the
1874:
1773:
spent $ 3,749 (equivalent to $ 4,760 in 2023) per person.
13087:
12752:
12173:
10277:
Woolhandler S, Campbell T, Himmelstein DU (August 2003).
8398:, Institute of Medicine, 2006. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
8044:. Massachusetts Office of Health and Human Services. See
6680:
6424:
6077:
5905:
5800:
5675:
5022:. The OECD health project. Paris: OECD. pp. 25, 74.
4788:
Insuring America's health: principles and recommendations
3236:, most of which took effect in 2014, including expanding
3205:
Ultimately, a single-payer healthcare, sometimes called "
2714:
Third-party payment problem and consumer-driven insurance
2415:
2008:
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
13502:
10809:"Study: U.S. Leads In Mental Illness, Lags in Treatment"
10423:
Key Issues in Analyzing Major Health Insurance Proposals
9962:
9573:
National Vital Statistics System, Natality and Mortality
9374:
8687:
8344:
Criminal Background Checks for Entering Medical Students
8256:"The Evil-Mongering of the American Medical Association"
7905:
7251:"How has U.S. spending on healthcare changed over time?"
5783:"America's inefficient health-care system: another look"
5122:
4939:"Could Universal Health Care Save U.S. Taxpayers Money?"
3420:
List of countries by total health expenditure per capita
2855:
image depicting racial health disparities in the US for
2555:
policy adviser Richard Kronick published in the journal
1206:
Maternal Care Access and Reducing Emergencies (CARE) Act
13417:"Health Insurance for Immigrants | Covered California™"
13088:
Sommers BD, Gunja MZ, Finegold K, Musco T (July 2015).
12489:
11659:
9935:"Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics No. 388"
9529:
Maternal deaths and mortality rates by state, 2018-2021
9084:
8611:. The Commonwealth Fund. November 2010. pp. 19–20.
8294:"Paying Hospital-Based Doctors: Fee for Whose Service?"
7413:
7336:"29 CFR § 825.125 - Definition of health care provider"
7170:"The world will need to stop piggybacking on US pharma"
6957:
5592:"Out-of-pocket spending in the last five years of life"
4964:"How FEHB Relates to Other Government Health Insurance"
13007:"Health care reform bill 101: Who must buy insurance?"
12915:"Policies to Improve Affordability and Accountability"
12154:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
12124:: June 25, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 121), pp. 30294–97.
11237:
Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), p. 3.
9460:
8979:"France best, U.S. worst in preventable death ranking"
5145:"Recession swells number of uninsured to 50.7 million"
5099:"Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2017"
5020:
Towards high-performing health systems: policy studies
4884:
3232:
on March 23, 2010. The law includes a large number of
3099:
The US government has taken the position (through the
1501:
centers are sources of sporadic problem-focused care.
1474:
and is known for its expertise in specialties such as
862:
is one of the earliest hospitals in the United States.
13259:
Carrasquillo O, Carrasquillo AI, Shea S (June 2000).
12989:
Health care reform bill 101: Who will pay for reform?
12283:
See the summary of the official U.S. position in the
11963:
10460:
10155:, Harris Interactive. 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2008.
8803:"Health Care Cost Containment and Medical Innovation"
8106:
7510:
6378:"Products - Data Briefs - Number 427 - December 2021"
5391:
5166:"Number of uninsured Americans rises to 50.7 million"
4353:
2330:
The OECD found that the US ranked poorly in terms of
1800:, total healthcare spending in the US was 18% of its
1582:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1243:, the US was at or near the top in infant mortality,
1142:
965:
12703:"The Political Fallacy that Medical Care is a Right"
12103:. Chicago-Kent College of Law at Illinois Tech. n.d.
10060:
The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, January 15, 2007
8163:"Health Care Regulation: A $ 169 Billion Hidden Tax"
7597:
4853:"The Decline of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance"
4791:. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. p.
3378:
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
3324:
3192:
annually, while another 2022 study published in the
2958:
Regulation of therapeutic goods in the United States
1821:
visits. As of 2017, data from 2009–2011 showed that
1752:
US healthcare expenditure as share of GDP, 1929–2013
1631:. In the US, the vast majority of physicians have a
1275:
List of causes of death by rate § United States
13640:
12901:"5 key things to remember about health care reform"
12755:"Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA"
12431:Ahmadiani, Saeed; Nikfar, Shekoufeh (May 4, 2016).
11282:Atdjian, Sylvia; Vega, William A. (December 2005).
11071:
10934:"8 Best Affordable Online Therapy Options for 2023"
10080:
9829:"Health insurance coverage and mortality revisited"
9557:
Maternal Mortality Rates in the United States, 2021
8116:, The Council for Affordable Health Insurance, 2008
7797:"National Health Expenditure Data: NHE Fact Sheet,"
7738:
7137:
7135:
7068:, Neil Osterweil, MedPage Today, September 20, 2005
7000:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6990:
4681:. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
4335:
The U.S. health system : origins and functions
3838:
3368:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention timeline
2601:
1923:between medical providers and insurance companies.
225:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
12927:from the original on February 8, 2017 – via
11246:
11202:"How Buying Insurance Will Change Under Obamacare"
9621:"Doctor Shortage Likely to Worsen With Health Law"
9497:
9319:"People's Experience Versus People's Expectations"
8825:
8823:
8037:
8035:
7142:Houlton S (September 2012). "Debating Obamacare".
7066:Medical Research Spending Doubled Over Past Decade
7004:
6250:"Poverty is the 4th greatest cause of U.S. deaths"
5434:
3363:Canadian and American health care systems compared
3083:in France and Japan. A November 2020 study by the
1592:Physicians in the US include those trained by the
1378:and the largest hospital in the US with 1,547 beds
61:/ State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)
13359:Agrawal, Pooja; Venkatesh, Arjun Krishna (2016).
12964:"How do out-of-pocket maximums work? | FAQs"
11928:
10434:
10432:
9771:Woolhandler S, et al. (September 12, 2012).
9304:Robert J. Blendon, Minah Kim and John M. Benson,
7694:
7481:
6938:Doctors That DO | Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine
6849:
6274:Brady, David; Kohler, Ulrich; Zheng, Hui (2023).
5116:
5067:
5065:
3213:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
2727:was passed, which encourages consumers to have a
1433:U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs vertical logo
875:foundation of many public and private hospitals.
780:, and a significant proportion of its population
18299:
15223:Native American recognition in the United States
13560:(2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
13358:
10756:"Data on behavioral health in the United States"
10709:
10350:"Understanding Health Plan Administrative Costs"
10195:by Bruce Bagley, M.D.; American Family Physician
9991:Study Finds Cancer Diagnosis Linked to Insurance
9764:
9687:
7994:The Factors Fueling Rising Healthcare Costs 2006
7132:
6987:
6273:
5977:"Maternal deaths in childbirth rise in the U.S."
5776:
5774:
4735:"The lifetime distribution of health care costs"
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
3844:
3775:
3087:Policy Center stated that more than 1.1 million
2014:Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
1268:
1239:study stated that, when considered as one of 17
1204:. As a senator, in 2019 Harris reintroduced the
219:Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
17014:
12707:Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
12430:
10163:
10161:
9800:"Does Lack Of Insurance Cause Premature Death?"
8820:
8382:
8199:
8064:
8032:
7790:
7598:Papanicolas I, Woskie LR, Jha AK (March 2018).
7504:
7005:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
6325:"America's 4th Leading Cause of Death: Poverty"
6280:The Journal of the American Medical Association
5927:Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
5016:"Health-system reform: lessons from experience"
4732:
4672:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
3727:Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
3475:Universal Health Care Foundation of Connecticut
3003:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
2402:
2239:, compared amongst various first world nations.
2053:
1966:, FDA regulations, and facilities regulations.
1870:National Association of Insurance Commissioners
1355:Category:Hospital networks in the United States
13666:The Social Transformation of American Medicine
13645:. New York: Science History Publications/USA.
13564:
12347:"The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising"
11610:
10461:Kahn JG, Kronick R, Kreger M, Gans DN (2005).
10429:
9869:
9006:Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism
8291:
8280:Medical miscalculation creates doctor shortage
8195:
8193:
8191:
8114:"Health Insurance Mandates in the States 2008"
7979:Policy Analysis: Why Health Care Costs So Much
7739:Weiss AJ, Barrett ML, Steiner CA (July 2014).
7557:"National Health Expenditures 2016 Highlights"
7511:Marmor T, Oberlander J, White J (April 2009).
6164:Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism
5813:"Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth"
5710:
5204:
5142:
5136:
5062:
4323:(7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
2704:
2190:
972:Health insurance coverage in the United States
17279:
17000:
16503:
15620:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
13804:
13131:
13125:
12167:
11540:
10965:"House Approves Bill on Mental Health Parity"
10642:
10454:
10236:"Facts + Statistics: Industry overview | III"
9886:
9724:"Health insurance and mortality in US adults"
8415:. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health
5842:
5840:
5838:
5771:
5224:
5074:"U.S. Uninsured Rate Rises to Four-Year High"
3714:
3047:Prescription drug prices in the United States
3026:Prescription drug prices in the United States
2951:
2182:Innovation: workforce, healthcare IT, R&D
1558:
711:
366:
88:Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
12057:"The FDA, preemption, and the Supreme Court"
11569:
11425:
10158:
9956:
9715:
9638:
9277:Why Isn't Government Health Care The Answer?
9226:
8156:
8154:
8101:Improving Health Care: A Dose of Competition
7274:
6914:. Beckers Hospital Review. November 11, 2022
6912:"19 hospital closures, bankruptcies in 2022"
6898:National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)
6852:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
5364:
5225:Cohen RA, Martinez MA (September 22, 2010).
5013:
5007:
4885:Himmelstein DU, Woolhandler S (March 2016).
4564:
4130:
4050:"News Analysis – Health Care's Road to Ruin"
4041:
3991:Kliff, Sarah; Katz, Josh (August 22, 2021).
3984:
3647:
3240:eligibility for people making up to 133% of
2058:
1765:than inflation have been a major driver for
537:Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act
13718:
13555:
13503:Christensen C, Hwang J, Grossman J (2009).
13493:
13490:A standard comprehensive scholarly history.
13046:
12907:
12212:
12054:
11575:
11281:
11074:"Disparities in Access to Oral Health Care"
10372:
10077:Health Affairs web exclusive, February 2008
9770:
9324:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9027:
8904:"Country Comparison: Infant Mortality Rate"
8466:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8249:
8247:
8245:
8188:
4780:
4778:
4370:Encyclopedia of the North American colonies
4198:
4196:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3148:
3119:
3019:
2946:
2932:artificial intelligence (AI) in health care
2784:or reduced fee structure. Networks such as
2762:Mentally ill prisoners in the United States
1866:United States Medical Licensing Examination
1855:
1643:Medical products, research, and development
915:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
17293:
17286:
17272:
17007:
16993:
16510:
16496:
13818:
13811:
13797:
12176:"Health spending projections through 2013"
10069:Laurence C. Baker, Elliott S. Fisher, and
9618:
9550:
9545:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
9002:
8200:Ho V, Ku-Goto MH, Jollis JG (April 2009).
8142:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
7800:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
7218:"Do 10,000 baby boomers retire every day?"
6552:"Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals, 2018 | AHA"
6153:
5835:
5583:
5435:Frean M, Gruber J, Sommers BD (May 2017).
4850:
3304:Immigrant health care in the United States
2832:
2506:were poor diet, tobacco smoking, obesity,
2243:A 2014 study by the private US foundation
2208:. Public and private spending. US dollars
2160:While life expectancy is one measure, the
1948:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
1323:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
718:
704:
373:
359:
249:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
237:Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act
15233:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
13641:Risse GB, Numbers RL, Leavitt JW (1977).
13392:
13284:
13149:
13108:
13064:
12892:
12842:
12780:
12466:
12448:
12404:
12381:
12230:
12072:
11999:
11981:
11740:
11636:
11517:
11340:
11226:Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J.
11148:
11122:
11099:
11089:
11040:
10909:
10852:
10666:
10625:
10576:
10527:
10478:
10441:"Administrative Expenses of Health Plans"
10391:
10294:
9910:
9852:
9811:
9747:
9612:
9522:
9492:
9490:
9408:
9351:
9203:
9120:
9110:
9061:
9051:
8970:
8639:
8493:
8225:
8151:
8146:Special Focus Facility ("SFF") Initiative
7926:
7759:
7528:
7487:
7439:
6978:
6801:
6708:
6698:
6299:
5875:
5780:
5684:(Suppl 1 Web Exclusives): W5-289-W5-302.
5615:
5463:
5299:
5205:Roberts M, Rhoades JA (August 19, 2010).
4910:
4758:
4480:
4419:
4295:
4264:"The National Board of Health: 1879–1883"
4238:
4220:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4047:
3990:
3959:
3909:
3884:
3821:
3758:
3697:
3609:
3465:Osteopathic medicine in the United States
1981:
1914:In 2010, the ACA was signed by President
1705:nor available in hospitals. They include
47:Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
13546:
12616:
12304:
11406:
11327:
11325:
11091:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094318
10800:
10648:
10438:
10169:"Well: Doctor and Patient, Now at Odds,"
9820:
9791:
9293:
9238:
8436:"Should Big Data Pick Your Next Doctor?"
8320:
8242:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8086:
7865:International Journal of Health Services
6247:
5570:
4775:
4630:
4610:
4318:
4193:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
3518:
3358:Biomedical research in the United States
3298:Health insurance coverage for immigrants
3035:
2961:
2846:
2821:Medical underwriting and the uninsurable
2742:
2531:Physicians for a National Health Program
2514:, physical inactivity, and alcohol use.
2406:
2315:at the highest rate of any OECD nation.
2230:
2215:
2200:
2037:Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration
1755:
1747:
1740:Health care finance in the United States
1680:Healthcare provider employment in the US
1667:
1568:
1462:
1428:
1358:
1312:
1278:
1216:
1146:
1089:
1070:Physicians for a National Health Program
1042:
979:
945:According to a statistical brief by the
933:
877:
845:
842:History of medicine in the United States
729:
15284:List of counties and county equivalents
13603:
13594:
13535:
13473:
13454:
13444:
13232:
13208:"Trump health bill: Winners and losers"
12650:Center for Economic and Social Rights.
12437:DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
12363:
11377:of the Social Science Research Council.
10778:
9826:
9797:
8546:
8544:
8160:
7989:
7987:
7949:
7665:
7530:10.7326/0003-4819-150-7-200904070-00114
7490:"Big Profits in Caring for the Elderly"
7384:
7382:
7215:
7141:
6757:
6632:"15 largest health systems in the U.S."
6507:
6449:
6417:
5974:
5898:
5494:
5071:
5014:Docteur E, Oxley H (October 19, 2004).
4990:"National Center for Health Statistics"
4936:
4653:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
4394:
4261:
3575:
3178:According to a 2020 study published in
2843:Poverty and health in the United States
2692:According to a report published by the
2668:
2525:According to a 2009 study conducted at
2375:A report released in April 2008 by the
1909:Employee Retirement Income Security Act
1875:Involved organizations and institutions
1744:Health care prices in the United States
1688:
1612:, pathology, pharmacology, physiology,
1370:, the primary teaching hospital of the
1123:A 2009 study in five states found that
947:Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
889:in the United States. It is located in
14:
18300:
12721:
12715:
12405:Hook J, Levey NN (December 16, 2009).
11491:
10185:Hospitalists and the family physician
9892:
9693:
9487:
9447:Kenneth C. Land, Project Coordinator,
9168:
8976:
8926:
8253:
7500:from the original on December 4, 2023.
7096:
6219:
6051:
5641:"The Cost of Lack of Health Insurance"
5638:
5192:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau
4846:
4844:
4842:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4454:
4156:
4106:
3632:
3440:Medical education in the United States
3155:Healthcare reform in the United States
3007:Secretary of Health and Human Services
2687:Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
2488:chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
2433:Lean manufacturing techniques such as
2426:can cause variations in outcomes. The
2071:Government Performance and Results Act
1699:Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1673:National Museum of Health and Medicine
18313:Medicare and Medicaid (United States)
17267:
16988:
16855:Artificial intelligence in healthcare
16491:
13792:
13745:National Health Expenditure Data (US)
13736:National Center for Health Statistics
13659:
13599:. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
13573:
13004:
12941:
12811:
12664:
12644:
11935:Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
11456:
11367:Sarah Burd-Sharps and Kristen Lewis.
11322:
10832:
10806:
10006:
9569:National Center for Health Statistics
9541:National Center for Health Statistics
8932:
8876:
8370:The Uninsured: Access to Medical Care
8363:
8292:Blomqvist, Ake; Busby, Colin (2013).
8083:
8014:"Confronting The Medicare Cost Shift"
7772:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
7488:Leonhardt, David (December 4, 2023).
7255:Peterson-Kaiser Health System Tracker
6575:
6479:
6350:
6322:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6025:
6023:
6021:
5998:
5996:
5945:
5943:
5573:"Underinsured Americans: Cost to you"
5387:
5385:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5143:Johnson, Avery (September 17, 2010).
4651:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
4203:Adams, Tracey L. (October 20, 2020).
4202:
4181:from the original on February 9, 2009
4160:A History of the Public Health System
4069:
3209:", was not adopted in the final ACA.
3101:Office of the US Trade Representative
2469:
1862:American Board of Medical Specialties
1665:times as many as the United Kingdom.
976:Health insurance in the United States
949:(HCUP), there were 35.7 million
155:Health insurance in the United States
18318:Public services of the United States
13683:
13352:
13172:
13081:
12898:
12670:
12186:(Suppl 1 Web Exclusives): W4–79–93.
12136:Flu.gov, retrieved November 11, 2009
11937:, Academic Press, pp. 295–336,
11611:Mayer WJ, McWhorter WP (June 1989).
11590:10.1001/archinte.1988.00380060069016
11343:"Americans are getting fatter: poll"
10962:
10027:Emily Cox, Doug Mager, Ed Weisbart,
9644:
9381:Journal of General Internal Medicine
9266:
9235:. Press Release WHO/44 21 June 2000.
8847:
8800:
8541:
8112:Victoria Craig Bunce and JP Wieske,
7984:
7379:
7284:American Journal of Medical Research
6220:Mateus, Benjamin (August 11, 2023).
5747:
5596:Journal of General Internal Medicine
5504:American Journal of Health Economics
5163:
4733:Alemayehu B, Warner KE (June 2004).
4084:"Improving Europe's competitiveness"
3430:Medical centers in the United States
3029:
2839:Race and health in the United States
2623:
2235:Health spending per capita, in US$
2127:
2030:
1970:"Certificates of need" for hospitals
1891:. Essential regulation includes the
1391:privately owned for-profit hospitals
1351:Medical centers in the United States
1259:, injuries, homicides, and rates of
12673:The New England Journal of Medicine
12330:
12061:The New England Journal of Medicine
11228:"Understanding Health Disparities."
10940:. November 16, 2023. Archived from
10837:. Medical News & Perspectives.
10283:The New England Journal of Medicine
10212:. February 16, 1999. Archived from
10131:Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report,
9433:"For Children, a Better Beginning,"
8786:. February 14, 2013. Archived from
8717:. February 15, 2013. Archived from
8628:The New England Journal of Medicine
7765:
7722:Thomas M. Selden and Merrile Sing,
7363:. September 2, 2012. Archived from
7308:
6843:
6418:Noguchi, Yuki (December 22, 2022).
5899:Noguchi, Yuki (December 22, 2022).
5713:The New England Journal of Medicine
5548:. CBS. June 5, 2009. Archived from
5394:The New England Journal of Medicine
4839:
4509:
3856:American Journal of Health Behavior
3557:from the original on April 21, 2023
3173:Health Maintenance Organization Act
2771:and social system. A report by the
1505:are examples of specialty clinics.
1018:Children's Health Insurance Program
929:
481:America's Affordable Health Choices
82:Children's Health Insurance Program
24:
16930:reform debate in the United States
13478:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
13437:
11725:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50654
10833:Kuehn, Bridget M. (May 25, 2022).
10448:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
10392:Reinhardt UE (November 21, 2008).
10354:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
10144:California HealthCare Foundation,
9619:Lowrey A, Pear R (July 28, 2012).
9003:Case, Anne; Deaton, Angus (2020).
8834:Health resources - Health spending
8590:. January 13, 2013. Archived from
8433:
8067:"Why Are the Prices So Damn High?"
8065:Helland E, Tabarrok A (May 2019).
6826:"About the Military Health System"
6508:de Visé, Daniel (March 22, 2023).
6450:Diamond, Dan (December 28, 2023).
6248:Danelski, David (April 17, 2023).
6065:
6018:
5993:
5968:
5940:
5382:
5316:
3936:American Public Health Association
3798:American Public Health Association
3535:healthadministrationdegree.usc.edu
3045:appears to contradict the article
2758:Mental health § United States
2562:
2412:Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
1717:, and, more recently popularized,
1468:Stanford University Medical Center
1143:Health in the US in global context
966:Health insurance and accessibility
475:Affordable Health Care for America
437:Social Security Amendments of 1965
25:
18329:
16957:(Category Health care by country)
14629:Director of National Intelligence
13763:And Pharma Market Research Report
13729:
13476:Health Care in America: A History
13365:American Journal of Public Health
13265:American Journal of Public Health
11909:The Nuffield Council on Bioethics
11617:American Journal of Public Health
11426:O'Connor A (September 25, 2012).
11415:. Melbourne, Florida. p. 1D.
11341:Campanile C (November 23, 2012).
9813:10.1377/forefront.20090921.002196
9728:American Journal of Public Health
8959:Ellen Nolte and C. Martin McKee,
8858:(Report). The Commonwealth Fund.
8533:. August 26, 2013. Archived from
8413:U.S. National Library of Medicine
8055:, pp. 1–2, for quote and summary.
7340:LII / Legal Information Institute
7043:"(Open using Adobe reader) p. 16"
6062:DC: The National Academies Press.
4891:American Journal of Public Health
4395:Breslaw, Elaine G. (March 2014).
4048:Rosenthal E (December 21, 2013).
3932:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3789:American Journal of Public Health
3582:American Journal of Public Health
3551:University of Southern California
3547:USC Price School of Public Policy
3202:from its start until March 2022.
2544:has been criticized by economist
2536:American Journal of Public Health
2424:efficiency of healthcare delivery
1727:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
1424:independent practice associations
18043:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
17518:Democratic Republic of the Congo
17128:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
16969:
16968:
14785:Government Accountability Office
13780:Health Care in the United States
13409:
13326:
13301:
13252:
13233:Sanders, Bernie (May 18, 2023).
13226:
13200:
13166:
13040:
13027:
12998:
12981:
12956:
12935:
12862:
12836:
12805:
12746:
12700:
12610:
12577:
12551:
12531:
12509:
12483:
12424:
12398:
12357:
12339:
12324:
12298:
12277:
12255:
12206:
12139:
12127:
12107:
12089:
12055:Glantz LH, Annas GJ (May 2008).
12048:
12024:
11957:
11922:
11897:
11872:
11847:
11824:
11821:Health Affairs, March/April 2008
11807:
11772:
11757:
11700:
11678:10.1097/00005650-198707000-00003
11660:Yergan J, Flood AB, LoGerfo JP,
11653:
11604:
11534:
11485:
11450:
11438:
11419:
11400:
11380:
11361:
11334:
11275:
11240:
11220:
11194:
11165:
11116:
11065:
10999:
10982:
10956:
10926:
10894:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1259
10869:
10826:
10748:
10723:
10683:
10593:
10544:
10495:
10418:U.S. Congressional Budget Office
10411:
10385:
10379:BlueCross BlueShield Association
10366:
10343:
10338:America's Health Insurance Plans
10319:
10270:
10253:
10228:
10198:
10179:
10138:
10122:
10063:
10044:
10021:
10000:
9927:
9845:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.00973.x
9798:Goodman J (September 21, 2009).
9661:
9594:"Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care"
9586:
9537:National Vital Statistics System
9510:from the original on May 9, 2022
9454:
9441:
9425:
9368:
9311:
9162:
9137:
9078:
8996:
8953:
8870:
8794:
8776:
8767:
8753:
8725:
8707:
8681:
8656:
8615:
8598:
8580:
8519:
8510:
8453:
8427:
8401:
8336:
8285:
8273:
8218:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2008.00933.x
8131:
8119:
8058:
8006:
7971:
7943:
7899:
7852:
7822:
7805:
7732:
7659:
7641:
7591:
7566:
7549:
7456:
7407:
7353:
7328:
7302:
7268:
7243:
7209:
7176:
7162:
7071:
7035:
6951:
6904:
6886:
6864:10.1097/00000441-200507000-00005
6480:Trani, Olivia (March 13, 2023).
4751:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00248.x
4422:Explorations in Economic History
4383:Encyclopedia of American History
4177:. American Medical Association.
4175:"AMA (AMA History) 1847 to 1899"
4163:. National Academies Press (US).
3455:Medicare Sustainable Growth Rate
3341:
3327:
3159:Service Excellence – Health Care
3034:
2751:
2679:America's Health Insurance Plans
2602:Variations in provider practices
2377:Foundation for Child Development
2357:five-year relative survival rate
2206:Total healthcare cost per person
2132:
2080:
1957:In 2004, libertarian think tank
1834:America's Health Insurance Plans
1606:US Medical Licensing Examination
749:, is one of the world's busiest
687:
676:
278:Massachusetts health care reform
18308:Healthcare in the United States
16517:
13693:. New York: The Penguin Press.
13565:Leavitt JW, Numbers RL (1997).
12619:"No Health Insurance? So What?"
12568:Harvard School of Public Health
12542:Harvard School of Public Health
12305:Berenson A (November 6, 2006).
11905:"AI in healthcare and research"
11407:Tronetti P (January 11, 2011).
9694:Cecere D (September 17, 2009).
9353:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1662
9321:, Health Affairs, May/June 2001
8527:"Strategic Plan and Priorities"
7981:, Cato Institute, June 23, 1994
7026:Gross Domestic Product deflator
6818:
6777:
6751:
6725:
6674:
6649:
6624:
6594:
6569:
6544:
6529:
6501:
6473:
6443:
6411:
6370:
6344:
6316:
6292:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0276
6267:
6241:
6213:
6185:
6147:
6121:
6095:
5920:
5892:
5704:
5669:
5632:
5564:
5538:
5488:
5428:
5272:
5091:
5036:
4982:
4956:
4930:
4878:
4830:
4821:
4809:
4726:
4700:
4673:Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A (2006).
4666:
4539:
4448:
4413:
4388:
4375:
4362:
4340:
4327:
4312:
4255:
4167:
4150:
4124:
3576:Vladeck, Bruce (January 2003).
3190:national healthcare expenditure
3143:Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
3073:During the 1990s, the price of
2123: Life expectancy in the US
2101:US healthcare tends to rely on
1598:international medical graduates
1565:Physicians in the United States
1253:sexually transmitted infections
850:Founded by Dr. Thomas Bond and
762:Healthcare in the United States
190:Preferred provider organization
184:Health maintenance organization
178:Exclusive provider organization
33:Healthcare in the United States
17588:Federated States of Micronesia
16666:Academic health science centre
16428:Separation of church and state
14644:National Reconnaissance Office
14587:President of the United States
13047:Manchikanti L (January 2011).
12617:Reynolds A (October 3, 2002).
12040:. June 4, 2009. Archived from
11078:Annual Review of Public Health
8552:"National Prevention Strategy"
8478:10.1002/14651858.CD004538.pub3
8342:Data from 2006, presented in:
8327:Sending Back the Doctor's Bill
8161:Conover CJ (October 4, 2004).
7802:, referenced February 26, 2008
6894:"FastStats: Nursing Home Care"
6758:Diamond D (November 8, 2017).
6351:Jarow, Oshan (July 14, 2023).
6323:Murez, Cara (April 18, 2023).
5648:American College of Physicians
5456:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.02.004
5072:Witters D (January 23, 2019).
4937:Leonard K (January 22, 2016).
4131:Grant Rigney (March 3, 2023).
3665:
3626:
3569:
3126:direct-to-consumer advertising
2803:
2685:A 2003 study published by the
1637:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1625:American College of Physicians
1517:clinics are government-funded
1450:Veterans Health Administration
1426:to increase bargaining power.
1153:US average of $ 10,447 in 2018
1026:Veterans Health Administration
757:(white complex at the center).
557:Obama administration proposals
149:Private Fee-For-Service (PFFS)
94:Veterans Health Administration
69:Prescription Assistance (SPAP)
13:
1:
16903:Health information management
16888:health information technology
16626:Health information management
13558:A history of American nursing
13447:Encyclopedia of Public Health
13033:Congressional Budget Office,
12949:The Christian Science Monitor
12773:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33019-3
12232:10.1080/00346764.2020.1804607
11855:"Thought Leadership Archives"
11578:Archives of Internal Medicine
10450:– via s3.amazonaws.com.
9977:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70032-9
9565:US Center for Disease Control
9340:Archives of Internal Medicine
9308:Health Affairs, May/June 2001
9205:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70179-7
8733:"Health, United States, 2013"
7315:The Spectrum & Daily News
7275:Prowle MJ, Araali NA (2017).
7007:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
6967:Journal of Medical Regulation
6556:American Hospital Association
5781:Kenworthy L (July 10, 2011).
5571:Kavilanz PB (March 5, 2009).
5342:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30398-7
5164:Wolf R (September 17, 2010).
3690:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2
3486:
3280:Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
2594:In 2008 researchers with the
2464:
2319:2020 study by the economists
1344:
1269:Causes of mortality in the US
998:health insurance marketplaces
959:National Institutes of Health
924:
735:NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
160:Health insurance marketplaces
17253:United States Virgin Islands
17015:Healthcare in North America
16878:Translational bioinformatics
14790:Government Publishing Office
14258:Technological and industrial
13719:Warner JH, Tighe JA (2001).
13506:The Innovator's Prescription
13494:Byrd WM, Clayton LA (2012).
13173:Pear R (December 18, 2017).
13151:10.5034/inquiryjrnl_40.4.323
13132:Hadley J, Holahan J (2003).
12843:Reinhardt UE (May 8, 2009).
12287:, February 11, 2008, 10–20 (
12037:Food and Drug Administration
11555:10.1016/0002-8703(84)90656-2
10731:"NIMH » Mental Illness"
10618:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181893f8e
10569:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181893f8e
9461:Office of health Economics.
9112:10.1371/journal.pone.0002181
9053:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050066
8977:Dunham W (January 8, 2008).
8967:, January 8, 2008, Volume 98
8254:Dalmia S (August 26, 2009).
7950:Pfeffer J (April 10, 2013).
7769:World health statistics 2011
6330:U.S. News & World Report
5935:World Development Indicators
5787:Consider the Evidence (blog)
4943:U.S. News & World Report
4645:American Antiquarian Society
4625:American Antiquarian Society
3944:10.1097/mlr.0b013e31827310a1
3405:Health insurance cooperative
3134:American Medical Association
3130:Food and Drug Administration
2403:System efficiency and equity
2340:US National Research Council
2332:years of potential life lost
2054:Overall system effectiveness
1988:American Medical Association
1901:Food and Drug Administration
1709:, massages, energy healing,
1333:
1127:contributed to 46.2% of all
826:American Medical Association
755:Weill Cornell Medical Center
124:Health reimbursement account
7:
16908:Consumer health informatics
16262:Women's reproductive health
15228:Federally recognized tribes
15091:Public utilities commission
14995:Public Health Service Corps
14898:Code of Federal Regulations
14780:Congressional Budget Office
14634:Central Intelligence Agency
14540:Water supply and sanitation
13967:Declaration of Independence
13775:Healthcare Market Resources
13606:Reviews in American History
12685:10.1056/NEJM197112022852304
12364:Ventola CL (October 2011).
8641:10.1056/nejm199410203311607
8559:National Prevention Council
8394:September 22, 2011, at the
7517:Annals of Internal Medicine
7464:"US Healthcare Expenditure"
7216:Kessler G (July 24, 2014).
6006:. World Health Organization
5495:Sommers BD (May 11, 2017).
5444:Journal of Health Economics
4262:Michael, Jerrold M (2011).
3373:Health in the United States
3320:
3268:Congressional Budget Office
3200:COVID-19 pandemic in the US
3128:of prescription drugs. The
2895:lower levels of education.
2729:high-deductible health plan
2705:Long-term living facilities
2647:According to an article in
2191:Compared to other countries
1767:healthcare reform in the US
1733:
1596:system, and those that are
1413:Integrated delivery systems
1200:interviewed Vice President
1171:, heart and liver disease,
136:High-deductible health plan
10:
18334:
15440:Red states and blue states
15345:City commission government
15340:Council–manager government
13556:Judd D, Sitzman K (2013).
13005:Grier P (March 19, 2010).
12942:Grier P (March 20, 2010).
12722:Bailey R (November 2004).
12658:February 14, 2008, at the
12291:November 21, 2008, at the
11300:10.1176/appi.ps.56.12.1600
11253:. National Academy Press.
11141:10.1177/003335491613100208
10332:November 28, 2007, at the
10151:February 14, 2008, at the
10056:February 16, 2008, at the
10038:February 27, 2008, at the
9393:10.1007/s11606-019-05069-5
9169:Doheny K (July 16, 2008).
9011:Princeton University Press
8282:, USA Today, March 2, 2005
7999:November 27, 2007, at the
7706:November 10, 2019, at the
6980:10.30770/2572-1852-103.2.7
6760:"A nation of McHospitals?"
6169:Princeton University Press
4851:Blumenthal, David (2017).
4280:10.1177/003335491112600117
4222:10.1186/s12960-020-00501-y
4209:Human Resources for Health
3633:Fisher M (June 28, 2012).
3301:
3278:On December 22, 2017, the
3251:health insurance exchanges
3152:
3023:
2955:
2952:Drug efficiency and safety
2836:
2793:substance-related disorder
2755:
2721:consumer-driven healthcare
2221:Health spending by country
2194:
2034:
2011:
2002:criminal background checks
1859:
1737:
1635:(M.D.) degree. Those with
1562:
1559:Physicians (M.D. and D.O.)
1348:
1272:
1068:Alliance by cofounders of
969:
839:
835:
644:Third-party payment models
456:Medicare Modernization Act
338:Fair Share Health Care Act
298:Vermont health care reform
113:Consumer-driven healthcare
41:Government health programs
17299:
17228:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
17146:
17020:
16964:
16918:
16898:Public health informatics
16834:
16811:Electronic health records
16781:
16745:
16689:
16681:Supervised injection site
16634:
16621:Allied health professions
16588:
16525:
16449:
16275:
16148:
16080:
15733:
15729:
15720:
15668:
15533:
15524:
15420:
15391:
15368:
15307:
15274:
15265:
15208:
15196:Comparison of governments
15171:
15134:
15111:
15027:
15007:
14938:
14876:
14798:
14721:
14579:
14570:
14566:
14557:
14279:
14270:
14215:
14175:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
14016:drafting and ratification
13989:Articles of Confederation
13902:
13836:
13827:
13012:Christian Science Monitor
12993:Christian Science Monitor
12899:Rice S (March 25, 2010).
12592:of the National Academies
12450:10.1186/s40199-016-0151-z
12331:AMA (November 17, 2015).
11817:, and Thomas A. LaVeist,
11510:10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1970
11013:Journal of Periodontology
10668:10.1377/hlthaff.24.6.1554
10480:10.1377/hlthaff.24.6.1629
10360:October 26, 2007, at the
10191:October 26, 2011, at the
10093:October 29, 2008, at the
9827:Kronick R (August 2009).
8910:. Cia.gov. Archived from
8877:Kliff S (June 16, 2014).
8691:; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban;
7928:10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0174
7432:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0321
6803:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0434
6635:beckershospitalreview.com
6038:World Health Organization
5975:Morello C (May 2, 2014).
5955:World Health Organization
5608:10.1007/s11606-012-2199-x
5301:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1024
4455:Gruber, Jonathan (2011).
3743:10.1007/s40615-018-0491-0
3234:health-related provisions
2989:Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.
2967:US yearly overdose deaths
2738:
2677:Insurance industry group
2496:musculoskeletal disorders
2059:Measures of effectiveness
1376:Miller School of Medicine
1364:Jackson Memorial Hospital
1237:National Research Council
899:Stabilization Act of 1942
600:Health insurance exchange
310:Municipal health coverage
118:Flexible spending account
17463:Central African Republic
17248:Turks and Caicos Islands
16215:Prescription drug prices
15335:Mayor–council government
15325:Coterminous municipality
15315:Consolidated city-county
15081:Agriculture commissioner
14731:House of Representatives
14639:National Security Agency
14289:Contiguous United States
13457:What Is Medical History?
13377:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303017
13066:10.36076/ppj.2011/14/E35
12219:Review of Social Economy
11859:Sterling Medical Devices
11793:10.1001/jama.263.17.2344
11469:(4): 112. Archived from
10963:Pear R (March 6, 2008).
10807:Weiss R (June 7, 2005).
10520:10.1177/0046958018825191
10133:Kaiser Family Foundation
10009:"Care that goes too far"
9912:10.1001/jama.297.10.1073
9833:Health Services Research
9740:10.2105/AJPH.2008.157685
9561:Data Files and Resources
9533:Data Files and Resources
8206:Health Services Research
8128:Final Expense insurance.
7877:10.1177/0020731417734498
7172:. Financial Times. 2023.
6540:Becker's Hospital Review
6227:World Socialist Web Site
4903:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302997
4739:Health Services Research
4368:Jacob Ernest Cooke, ed.
4337:. New York : Wiley.
3806:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305309
3480:Visitor health insurance
3315:refugee health in the US
3288:American Health Care Act
3149:Healthcare reform debate
3120:Impact of drug companies
3020:Prescription drug prices
2947:Prescription drug issues
2797:Mental Health Parity Act
2655:Johns Hopkins University
2557:Health Services Research
2166:composite health measure
1920:health insurance mandate
1856:Regulation and oversight
1547:community health centers
1439:US Department of Defense
1226:Life expectancy at birth
683:United States portal
500:American Health Care Act
399:Healthcare reform in the
388:This article is part of
316:Healthcare in California
16846:Medical image computing
16796:Artificial intelligence
16300:Criticism of government
15645:Social welfare programs
15238:State-recognized tribes
14223:Outline of U.S. history
13935:Continental Association
13768:April 12, 2023, at the
13595:McBride, David (2018).
13459:. Polity. p. 163.
13445:Breslow L, ed. (2002).
11836:March 16, 2008, at the
11393:March 17, 2010, at the
10007:Ulene V (May 5, 2008).
9893:Hadley J (March 2007).
9282:March 12, 2009, at the
8298:SSRN Electronic Journal
8042:Health Care Cost Trends
5868:10.1001/jama.2013.13805
5149:The Wall Street Journal
5078:Gallup News: Well-being
3401:(including comparisons)
3282:was signed into law by
3169:single-payer healthcare
2833:Demographic differences
2633:physicians found that:
2596:American Cancer Society
2551:A 2009 study by former
2541:lack of health coverage
2476:coronary artery disease
2428:Dartmouth Atlas Project
2289:primary care physicians
1941:Final expense insurance
1198:Christine Michel Carter
772:. The U.S. is the only
142:Medical savings account
107:Private health coverage
17408:Bosnia and Herzegovina
17294:Health care by country
17178:British Virgin Islands
16883:Translational medicine
16362:Environmental movement
16205:Health insurance costs
16100:Educational attainment
15625:Federal Reserve System
15583:Science and technology
15086:Insurance commissioner
14624:Intelligence Community
14319:minor outlying islands
14082:Civil rights movement
13449:. MacMillan Reference.
13110:10.1001/jama.2015.8421
12563:April 8, 2008, at the
11543:American Heart Journal
11492:Bhopal R (June 1998).
10854:10.1001/jama.2022.8661
10719:. CBO. March 24, 2016.
10115:April 8, 2008, at the
9219:In the CONCORD study,
8801:ASPE (July 23, 2012).
8375:March 4, 2010, at the
7745:HCUP Statistical Brief
7680:10.1001/jama.2018.1151
7619:10.1001/jama.2018.1150
7144:Chemistry and Industry
6830:Military Health System
5690:10.1377/hlthaff.w5.289
4473:10.17310/ntj.2011.3.06
4434:10.1006/exeh.2002.0788
4333:Raffel, M. W. (1980).
3543:Sacramento, California
3470:School health services
3460:Military Health System
3450:Medicare Rights Center
3410:Healthy People program
3284:President Donald Trump
3052:Please discuss at the
2970:
2888:cardiovascular disease
2859:
2748:
2733:health savings account
2527:Harvard Medical School
2419:
2240:
2228:
2225:Gross domestic product
2213:
1982:Licensing of providers
1905:self-funded healthcare
1761:
1753:
1676:
1589:
1487:
1443:Military Health System
1434:
1417:value-based healthcare
1379:
1318:
1294:
1257:adolescent pregnancies
1222:
1215:
1156:
1116:
1095:ACA Medicaid expansion
1059:
985:
942:
939:Johns Hopkins Hospital
894:
863:
782:lacks health insurance
770:out-of-pocket payments
758:
694:Health care portal
650:All-payer rate setting
605:Nationalized insurance
567:Reform advocacy groups
346:(Howard Co., Maryland)
130:Health savings account
73:Military Health System
18:U.S. healthcare system
18158:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
18033:Saint Kitts and Nevis
18013:Republic of the Congo
17118:Saint Kitts and Nevis
16872:Computational biology
16773:Universal precautions
16188:Immigrant health care
15703:Transportation safety
15698:Transportation policy
15688:Public transportation
14758:President pro tempore
14614:Executive departments
14383:National Park Service
14038:Territorial evolution
13711:registration required
13277:10.2105/AJPH.90.6.917
12590:Institute of Medicine
12192:10.1377/hlthaff.w4.79
11629:10.2105/ajph.79.6.772
11233:May 15, 2008, at the
11129:Public Health Reports
9779:on September 24, 2012
8790:on February 14, 2013.
8721:on February 15, 2013.
8356:May 15, 2013, at the
8349:registration required
8018:Managed Care Magazine
7840:on September 10, 2013
7190:. November 13, 2014.
7156:10.1002/cind.7609_5.x
6590:on February 26, 2006.
6384:. December 21, 2021.
5819:. CIA. Archived from
5406:10.1056/nejmsb1706645
4268:Public Health Reports
3153:Further information:
2965:
2850:
2746:
2410:
2234:
2219:
2204:
2195:Further information:
2021:Institute of Medicine
1889:McCarran–Ferguson Act
1860:Further information:
1759:
1751:
1671:
1572:
1529:by providers such as
1495:emergency departments
1466:
1458:Indian Health Service
1432:
1362:
1316:
1282:
1241:high-income countries
1220:
1210:
1188:Black maternal health
1150:
1129:personal bankruptcies
1093:
1046:
983:
937:
885:is one of the oldest
881:
856:Pennsylvania Hospital
849:
733:
620:Canadian vs. American
512:Healthy Americans Act
321:Healthy San Francisco
53:Indian Health Service
18228:United Arab Emirates
16866:Behavior informatics
16357:Environmental issues
16022:Political ideologies
15921:Indigenous languages
15121:List of legislatures
14918:separation of powers
14619:Independent agencies
14545:World Heritage Sites
14180:September 11 attacks
14103:Spanish–American War
14043:Mexican–American War
13999:Confederation period
13930:Continental Congress
13547:Johnston RD (2004).
13523:on November 10, 2013
12074:10.1056/NEJMp0802108
12032:"What FDA Regulates"
11288:Psychiatric Services
11025:10.1002/JPER.21-0439
10944:on November 24, 2023
10514:: 0046958018825191.
10439:Sherlock DB (2009).
10296:10.1056/NEJMsa022033
9965:The Lancet. Oncology
9475:on November 11, 2015
9192:The Lancet. Oncology
8594:on January 13, 2013.
8306:10.2139/ssrn.2345417
8170:Cato Policy Analysis
8138:Nursing Home Compare
8051:May 9, 2010, at the
7786:on October 22, 2011.
7367:on September 2, 2012
7296:10.22381/ajmr4220175
7120:on December 30, 2008
7104:"2008 Annual Report"
6739:. September 20, 2017
6606:Congress.indiana.edu
6576:David G (May 2005).
5725:10.1056/nejmp1406707
5516:10.1162/ajhe_a_00080
5336:(10077): 1431–1441.
5050:. September 17, 2009
4857:commonwealthfund.org
4551:www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov
4526:www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov
4461:National Tax Journal
4029:on December 31, 2021
3684:(10136): 2236–2271.
3594:10.2105/AJPH.93.1.16
3445:Medicare for All Act
3394:Health care politics
3389:Health care industry
3383:Health care compared
3349:United States portal
3186:universal healthcare
2827:medical underwriting
2786:Open Path Collective
2669:Administrative costs
2435:value stream mapping
1897:healthcare providers
1819:emergency department
1809:4% to dental, 6% to
1689:Alternative medicine
1594:US medical education
1580:and Director of the
1395:government hospitals
1339:Healthcare providers
784:. The United States
778:universal healthcare
776:without a system of
506:Medicare for All Act
198:Medical underwriting
18193:Trinidad and Tobago
17328:Antigua and Barbuda
17133:Trinidad and Tobago
17028:Antigua and Barbuda
16850:imaging informatics
16758:Cultural competence
16200:Health care finance
15693:Rail transportation
15459:Imperial presidency
15181:State constitutions
15126:List of legislators
15076:Auditor/Comptroller
15049:Lieutenant governor
14775:Library of Congress
14666:Diplomatic Security
14309:Indian reservations
13972:American Revolution
13474:Burnham JC (2015).
13455:Burnham JC (2005).
13340:. December 24, 2013
12874:The Washington Post
12822:Scientific American
12632:on October 14, 2007
12598:on October 19, 2009
12519:. September 6, 2022
12353:. November 3, 2018.
11473:on January 20, 2013
11463:Drug Benefit Trends
10813:The Washington Post
10788:. The Carter Center
10649:Scandlen G (2005).
10216:on October 19, 2016
10167:Tare Parker-Pople,
9600:. December 30, 2015
9581:10.15620/cdc:124678
9436:The Washington Post
9149:The Huffington Post
9103:2008PLoSO...3.2181J
8842:10.1787/8643de7e-en
8537:on August 26, 2013.
8212:(2 Pt 1): 483–500.
7055:on October 4, 2009.
7028:figures follow the
6612:on November 3, 2014
6456:The Washington Post
6390:10.15620/cdc:112079
5756:. May 26, 2017. By
4714:. September 4, 2019
4319:Shi; Singh (2019).
3869:10.5993/AJHB.34.1.3
3399:Health care systems
3207:socialized medicine
3112:program due to the
2905:preventive services
2877:. When compared to
2516:Alzheimer's disease
2508:high blood pressure
2392:Remote Area Medical
2075:Healthy People 2020
1976:Certificate of Need
1964:medical malpractice
1614:behavioral sciences
1472:Stanford University
1470:is affiliated with
1407:CommonSpirit Health
1387:nonprofit hospitals
1372:University of Miami
1300:Diseases of despair
919:Affordable Care Act
907:healthcare packages
803:Affordable Care Act
531:Affordable Care Act
518:Health Security Act
17538:Dominican Republic
17068:Dominican Republic
16836:Health informatics
16611:Healthcare science
16310:affirmative action
16283:Capital punishment
16242:Poverty and health
16237:Physician shortage
16210:Health care prices
16140:Standard of living
15823:standard of living
15630:Financial position
15257:Hawaiian home land
15245:Indian reservation
15218:Tribal sovereignty
15061:Secretary of state
14930:United States Code
14846:Territorial courts
14818:Associate Justices
14703:Inspector generals
14190:War in Afghanistan
14053:Reconstruction era
13920:Stamp Act Congress
13580:. Harper/Collins.
13536:Deutsch A (1937).
13179:The New York Times
12849:The New York Times
12767:(10223): 524–533.
12654:October 29, 2004.
12572:Harris Interactive
12546:Harris Interactive
12311:The New York Times
11549:(3 Pt 2): 688–94.
11432:The New York Times
11375:Measure of America
11182:. February 1, 2022
10969:The New York Times
10398:The New York Times
10173:The New York Times
9625:The New York Times
9598:Dartmouthatlas.org
9431:Donna St. George,
8908:The World Factbook
8864:10.26099/0mh5-a632
8331:The New York Times
7494:The New York Times
5823:on January 2, 2018
5817:The World Factbook
4865:10.26099/dnqz-4g48
4372:(3 vol 1992) 1:214
4346:Carl Bridenbaugh,
4094:on August 23, 2009
3998:The New York Times
3661:. August 15, 2016.
3506:. October 13, 2022
3263:Medicare Advantage
3075:prescription drugs
2971:
2863:Health disparities
2860:
2825:Prior to the ACA,
2773:US Surgeon General
2749:
2650:The New York Times
2470:Preventable deaths
2443:Fish Bone Diagrams
2422:Variations in the
2420:
2304:CIA World Factbook
2241:
2229:
2223:. Percent of GDP (
2214:
1762:
1754:
1677:
1633:Doctor of Medicine
1590:
1488:
1435:
1380:
1319:
1295:
1223:
1157:
1117:
1060:
986:
943:
895:
864:
759:
753:. Pictured is its
577:Insurance coverage
487:Baucus Health Bill
283:Oregon Health Plan
262:State level reform
211:Health care reform
165:Premium tax credit
18295:
18294:
17563:Equatorial Guinea
17261:
17260:
17150:other territories
16982:
16981:
16746:Skills / training
16670:Teaching hospital
16485:
16484:
16445:
16444:
16441:
16440:
16411:National security
16120:Income inequality
16000:Statue of Liberty
15803:income inequality
15716:
15715:
15708:Trucking industry
15520:
15519:
15516:
15515:
15447:Foreign relations
15435:Electoral College
15416:
15415:
15204:
15203:
15156:District attorney
15003:
15002:
14830:Courts of appeals
14553:
14552:
14266:
14265:
14207:COVID-19 pandemic
14160:Feminist Movement
14006:American frontier
13925:Thirteen Colonies
13756:profile from the
13700:978-1-59420-234-6
13587:978-0-06-076533-0
13516:978-0-07-159208-6
13037:(March 20, 2010).
13015:. Washington, D.C
12995:(March 21, 2010).
12929:National Archives
12815:(June 13, 2022).
12411:Los Angeles Times
12097:"Wyeth v. Levine"
11944:978-0-12-818438-7
11842:Commonwealth Fund
11713:JAMA Network Open
11457:Habib JL (2010).
11294:(12): 1600–1602.
11260:978-0-309-21582-4
10766:on March 30, 2019
10697:. October 7, 2019
10110:Executive Summary
10106:978-0-9815862-0-5
10051:"Effective Care,"
10014:Los Angeles Times
9013:. pp. 9–10.
8946:978-0-8179-1444-8
8933:Atlas SW (2011).
8715:"Measure Details"
8701:Our World in Data
8697:"Life Expectancy"
8568:on April 12, 2019
7779:978-92-4-156419-9
7655:. March 13, 2018.
7613:(10): 1024–1039.
7468:Our World in Data
6700:10.5334/egems.200
6201:. August 10, 2023
6135:. January 9, 2013
5937:. World DataBank.
5762:Our World in Data
5719:(17): 1567–1570.
5639:Groman R (2004).
5258:on March 29, 2012
5029:978-92-64-01559-3
4802:978-0-309-52826-9
3934:on behalf of the
3847:Glover, Elbert D.
3504:State of New York
3184:, a single-payer
3071:
3070:
3014:swine flu vaccine
3010:Kathleen Sebelius
2917:racism in science
2867:African Americans
2624:Care coordination
2529:by cofounders of
2522:life expectancy.
2498:, neck pain, and
2450:Commonwealth Fund
2349:colorectal cancer
2245:Commonwealth Fund
2154:
2153:
2031:Quality assurance
1850:the Baumol effect
1796:According to the
1787:knee replacements
1695:medical treatment
1693:Other methods of
1586:COVID-19 pandemic
1542:social safety net
1230:31st in the world
1177:COVID-19 pandemic
1114: Implemented
1102: Not adopted
990:developed nations
905:plans, including
883:Bellevue Hospital
852:Benjamin Franklin
819:COVID-19 pandemic
774:developed country
766:private insurance
728:
727:
508:(2021, H.R. 1976)
402:
383:
382:
16:(Redirected from
18325:
17978:Papua New Guinea
17843:Marshall Islands
17288:
17281:
17274:
17265:
17264:
17218:Saint Barthélemy
17148:Dependencies and
17021:Sovereign states
17009:
17002:
16995:
16986:
16985:
16972:
16971:
16860:Neuroinformatics
16801:Connected health
16512:
16505:
16498:
16489:
16488:
16465:
16458:
16345:African American
16227:Health insurance
16115:Household income
15985:National symbols
15916:American English
15889:Federal holidays
15798:household income
15731:
15730:
15727:
15726:
15531:
15530:
15469:Anti-Americanism
15393:Special district
15320:Independent city
15289:County executive
15272:
15271:
15066:Attorney general
15025:
15024:
15014:Federal District
14597:Executive Office
14577:
14576:
14568:
14567:
14564:
14563:
14324:populated places
14304:federal enclaves
14299:federal district
14277:
14276:
14140:American Century
14123:Great Depression
14118:Roaring Twenties
14078:Women's suffrage
13957:Halifax Resolves
13950:Founding Fathers
13945:military history
13910:Pre-colonial era
13834:
13833:
13813:
13806:
13799:
13790:
13789:
13724:
13714:
13704:
13680:
13656:
13637:
13600:
13591:
13574:Mahar M (2006).
13570:
13561:
13552:
13543:
13532:
13530:
13528:
13519:. Archived from
13499:
13489:
13470:
13450:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13427:
13413:
13407:
13406:
13396:
13356:
13350:
13349:
13347:
13345:
13338:VisitorGuard.com
13330:
13324:
13323:
13321:
13319:
13305:
13299:
13298:
13288:
13256:
13250:
13249:
13247:
13245:
13230:
13224:
13223:
13221:
13219:
13204:
13198:
13197:
13195:
13193:
13170:
13164:
13163:
13153:
13129:
13123:
13122:
13112:
13094:
13085:
13079:
13078:
13068:
13044:
13038:
13031:
13025:
13024:
13022:
13020:
13002:
12996:
12985:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12974:
12960:
12954:
12953:
12939:
12933:
12932:
12911:
12905:
12904:
12896:
12890:
12889:
12887:
12885:
12880:on July 17, 2012
12876:. Archived from
12866:
12860:
12859:
12857:
12855:
12840:
12834:
12833:
12831:
12829:
12809:
12803:
12802:
12784:
12750:
12744:
12743:
12741:
12739:
12734:on June 18, 2006
12730:. Archived from
12719:
12713:
12710:
12696:
12668:
12662:
12648:
12642:
12641:
12639:
12637:
12628:. Archived from
12614:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12594:. Archived from
12581:
12575:
12574:, March 20, 2008
12555:
12549:
12548:, March 20, 2008
12535:
12529:
12528:
12526:
12524:
12513:
12507:
12506:
12504:
12502:
12487:
12481:
12480:
12470:
12452:
12428:
12422:
12421:
12419:
12417:
12402:
12396:
12395:
12385:
12361:
12355:
12354:
12343:
12337:
12336:
12335:(Press release).
12328:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12317:
12302:
12296:
12281:
12275:
12274:
12272:
12270:
12259:
12253:
12252:
12234:
12210:
12204:
12203:
12171:
12165:
12164:
12162:
12160:
12151:
12143:
12137:
12131:
12125:
12122:Federal Register
12111:
12105:
12104:
12093:
12087:
12086:
12076:
12052:
12046:
12045:
12044:on June 4, 2009.
12028:
12022:
12021:
12003:
11985:
11961:
11955:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11926:
11920:
11919:
11917:
11915:
11901:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11890:
11876:
11870:
11869:
11867:
11865:
11851:
11845:
11844:, March 11, 2008
11828:
11822:
11811:
11805:
11804:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11761:
11755:
11754:
11744:
11704:
11698:
11697:
11657:
11651:
11650:
11640:
11608:
11602:
11601:
11573:
11567:
11566:
11538:
11532:
11531:
11521:
11504:(7149): 1970–3.
11489:
11483:
11482:
11480:
11478:
11454:
11448:
11442:
11436:
11435:
11423:
11417:
11416:
11404:
11398:
11384:
11378:
11365:
11359:
11358:
11356:
11354:
11338:
11332:
11329:
11320:
11319:
11279:
11273:
11272:
11244:
11238:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11213:
11198:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11187:
11177:
11169:
11163:
11162:
11152:
11120:
11114:
11113:
11103:
11093:
11069:
11063:
11062:
11044:
11019:(7): 1060–1071.
11003:
10997:
10991:
10986:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10975:
10960:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10949:
10930:
10924:
10923:
10913:
10873:
10867:
10866:
10856:
10830:
10824:
10823:
10821:
10819:
10804:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10793:
10782:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10771:
10762:. Archived from
10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10727:
10721:
10720:
10713:
10707:
10706:
10704:
10702:
10687:
10681:
10680:
10670:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10629:
10597:
10591:
10590:
10580:
10548:
10542:
10541:
10531:
10499:
10493:
10492:
10482:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10445:
10436:
10427:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10404:
10389:
10383:
10382:
10370:
10364:
10347:
10341:
10323:
10317:
10316:
10298:
10274:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10257:
10251:
10250:
10248:
10246:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10210:Acpinternist.org
10202:
10196:
10183:
10177:
10165:
10156:
10142:
10136:
10126:
10120:
10084:
10078:
10071:John E. Wennberg
10067:
10061:
10048:
10042:
10025:
10019:
10018:
10004:
9998:
9988:
9960:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9949:
9939:
9931:
9925:
9924:
9914:
9890:
9884:
9873:
9867:
9866:
9856:
9824:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9795:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9784:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9751:
9719:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9691:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9675:. August 5, 2021
9665:
9659:
9658:
9645:Gill PS (2013).
9642:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9631:
9616:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9605:
9590:
9584:
9554:
9548:
9526:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9515:
9501:
9494:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9480:
9474:
9467:
9458:
9452:
9445:
9439:
9438:, April 24, 2008
9429:
9423:
9422:
9412:
9387:(9): 1857–1864.
9372:
9366:
9365:
9355:
9337:
9328:
9322:
9315:
9309:
9302:
9291:
9288:Free Market Cure
9270:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9250:
9242:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9217:
9207:
9189:
9180:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9145:"Healthy Living"
9141:
9135:
9134:
9124:
9114:
9082:
9076:
9075:
9065:
9055:
9031:
9025:
9024:
9000:
8994:
8993:
8991:
8989:
8974:
8968:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8930:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8919:
8914:on June 13, 2007
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8874:
8868:
8867:
8851:
8845:
8827:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8780:
8774:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8757:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8746:
8737:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8711:
8705:
8704:
8695:(May 23, 2013).
8685:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8674:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8643:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8584:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8567:
8556:
8548:
8539:
8538:
8523:
8517:
8514:
8508:
8507:
8497:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8431:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8405:
8399:
8386:
8380:
8367:
8361:
8352:
8340:
8334:
8324:
8318:
8317:
8289:
8283:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8251:
8240:
8239:
8229:
8197:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8181:
8167:
8158:
8149:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8071:
8062:
8056:
8039:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8010:
8004:
7991:
7982:
7977:Liebowitz, Stan
7975:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7930:
7921:(7): 1211–1217.
7912:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7856:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7826:
7820:
7809:
7803:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7782:. Archived from
7763:
7757:
7756:
7736:
7730:
7720:
7711:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7604:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7553:
7547:
7542:
7532:
7508:
7502:
7501:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7443:
7411:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7386:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7281:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7139:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7113:. Archived from
7108:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7048:. Archived from
7047:
7039:
7033:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7002:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6964:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6805:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6755:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6712:
6702:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6608:. Archived from
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6583:. Archived from
6582:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6548:
6542:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6464:
6462:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6303:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6109:. August 3, 2017
6099:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6074:
6063:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6035:
6027:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5947:
5938:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5879:
5853:
5844:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5809:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5778:
5769:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5650:. Archived from
5645:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5501:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5467:
5441:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5389:
5380:
5379:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5325:
5314:
5313:
5303:
5285:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5250:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4914:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4848:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4762:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4648:
4642:
4628:
4622:
4607:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:on June 20, 2016
4493:. Archived from
4484:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4392:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4338:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4224:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4117:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4090:. Archived from
4080:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4025:. Archived from
3988:
3982:
3981:
3963:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3888:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3762:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3613:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3527:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3038:
3037:
3030:
2930:The increase of
2871:Native Americans
2811:health disparity
2512:high blood sugar
2390:, whose charity
2136:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2088:elective surgery
1823:end-of-life care
1484:gastroenterology
1321:Since 2020, the
1284:Cleveland Clinic
1113:
1107:
1101:
1081:US Census Bureau
1030:Health insurance
951:hospitalizations
930:Hospitalizations
887:public hospitals
720:
713:
706:
692:
691:
690:
681:
680:
679:
398:
385:
384:
375:
368:
361:
29:
28:
21:
18333:
18332:
18328:
18327:
18326:
18324:
18323:
18322:
18298:
18297:
18296:
18291:
18098:Solomon Islands
17943:North Macedonia
17295:
17292:
17262:
17257:
17151:
17149:
17142:
17016:
17013:
16983:
16978:
16960:
16914:
16913:
16912:
16830:
16777:
16741:
16717:Overutilization
16685:
16676:Pharmacy school
16642:Assisted living
16630:
16584:
16521:
16516:
16486:
16481:
16468:
16461:
16454:
16437:
16423:Opioid epidemic
16340:Native American
16320:intersex rights
16271:
16267:Life expectancy
16257:Medical deserts
16247:Race and health
16144:
16130:Personal income
16076:
15980:National anthem
15813:personal income
15778:Economic issues
15712:
15664:
15512:
15412:
15401:School district
15387:
15370:Minor divisions
15364:
15303:
15261:
15200:
15186:Statutory codes
15167:
15130:
15107:
15017:
15012:
14999:
14934:
14891:civil liberties
14872:
14863:Other tribunals
14842:District courts
14794:
14753:current members
14736:current members
14717:
14651:Law enforcement
14549:
14262:
14211:
14202:Great Recession
14073:Progressive Era
14063:Native genocide
13994:Perpetual Union
13982:Treaty of Paris
13940:United Colonies
13898:
13823:
13817:
13770:Wayback Machine
13732:
13727:
13708:
13701:
13677:
13669:. Basic Books.
13653:
13618:10.2307/2701830
13588:
13569:(3rd ed.).
13526:
13524:
13517:
13509:. McGraw Hill.
13486:
13467:
13440:
13438:Further reading
13435:
13425:
13423:
13415:
13414:
13410:
13357:
13353:
13343:
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13332:
13331:
13327:
13317:
13315:
13307:
13306:
13302:
13257:
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13217:
13215:
13206:
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13201:
13191:
13189:
13171:
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13130:
13126:
13092:
13086:
13082:
13045:
13041:
13032:
13028:
13018:
13016:
13003:
12999:
12986:
12982:
12972:
12970:
12962:
12961:
12957:
12940:
12936:
12913:
12912:
12908:
12897:
12893:
12883:
12881:
12868:
12867:
12863:
12853:
12851:
12841:
12837:
12827:
12825:
12810:
12806:
12751:
12747:
12737:
12735:
12728:Reason Magazine
12720:
12716:
12679:(23): 1288–92.
12669:
12665:
12660:Wayback Machine
12649:
12645:
12635:
12633:
12615:
12611:
12601:
12599:
12583:
12582:
12578:
12565:Wayback Machine
12556:
12552:
12540:Press Release,
12536:
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12510:
12500:
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12484:
12429:
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12345:
12344:
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12293:Wayback Machine
12282:
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11898:
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11863:
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11853:
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11848:
11838:Wayback Machine
11829:
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11808:
11777:
11773:
11762:
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11719:(1): e2250654.
11705:
11701:
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11609:
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11574:
11570:
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11490:
11486:
11476:
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11439:
11424:
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11405:
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11395:Wayback Machine
11385:
11381:
11366:
11362:
11352:
11350:
11349:. New York Post
11339:
11335:
11330:
11323:
11280:
11276:
11261:
11245:
11241:
11235:Wayback Machine
11225:
11221:
11211:
11209:
11200:
11199:
11195:
11185:
11183:
11180:www.emedny.org/
11175:
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11121:
11117:
11070:
11066:
11004:
11000:
10989:
10987:
10983:
10973:
10971:
10961:
10957:
10947:
10945:
10932:
10931:
10927:
10882:JAMA Psychiatry
10874:
10870:
10847:(22): 2179–81.
10831:
10827:
10817:
10815:
10805:
10801:
10791:
10789:
10784:
10783:
10779:
10769:
10767:
10754:
10753:
10749:
10739:
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10728:
10724:
10715:
10714:
10710:
10700:
10698:
10695:The Denver Post
10689:
10688:
10684:
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10643:
10598:
10594:
10549:
10545:
10500:
10496:
10459:
10455:
10443:
10437:
10430:
10426:, December 2008
10416:
10412:
10402:
10400:
10390:
10386:
10371:
10367:
10362:Wayback Machine
10348:
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10324:
10320:
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10219:
10217:
10204:
10203:
10199:
10193:Wayback Machine
10184:
10180:
10176:, July 29, 2008
10166:
10159:
10153:Wayback Machine
10143:
10139:
10135:, April 7, 2008
10127:
10123:
10117:Wayback Machine
10095:Wayback Machine
10085:
10081:
10068:
10064:
10058:Wayback Machine
10049:
10045:
10040:Wayback Machine
10034:, January 2008
10032:Express Scripts
10026:
10022:
10005:
10001:
9961:
9957:
9947:
9945:
9944:. June 28, 2007
9937:
9933:
9932:
9928:
9905:(10): 1073–84.
9891:
9887:
9874:
9870:
9825:
9821:
9796:
9792:
9782:
9780:
9769:
9765:
9734:(12): 2289–95.
9720:
9716:
9706:
9704:
9701:Harvard Gazette
9692:
9688:
9678:
9676:
9673:Washington Post
9667:
9666:
9662:
9643:
9639:
9629:
9627:
9617:
9613:
9603:
9601:
9592:
9591:
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9527:
9523:
9513:
9511:
9504:The Independent
9496:
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9476:
9472:
9465:
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9430:
9426:
9373:
9369:
9335:
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9325:
9316:
9312:
9303:
9294:
9290:, July 16, 2007
9284:Wayback Machine
9271:
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9138:
9083:
9079:
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8997:
8987:
8985:
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8971:
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8954:
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8927:
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8897:
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8871:
8852:
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8809:
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8777:
8772:
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8758:
8754:
8744:
8742:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8726:
8713:
8712:
8708:
8693:Ritchie, Hannah
8686:
8682:
8672:
8670:
8662:
8661:
8657:
8634:(16): 1068–71.
8620:
8616:
8608:
8604:
8603:
8599:
8586:
8585:
8581:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8554:
8550:
8549:
8542:
8525:
8524:
8520:
8515:
8511:
8472:(9): CD004538.
8458:
8454:
8444:
8442:
8432:
8428:
8418:
8416:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8396:Wayback Machine
8387:
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8377:Wayback Machine
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8358:Wayback Machine
8346:
8341:
8337:
8325:
8321:
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8243:
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8177:
8165:
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8152:
8136:
8132:
8124:
8120:
8111:
8107:
8099:
8084:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8063:
8059:
8053:Wayback Machine
8040:
8033:
8023:
8021:
8020:. December 2006
8012:
8011:
8007:
8001:Wayback Machine
7992:
7985:
7976:
7972:
7962:
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7944:
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7843:
7841:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7810:
7806:
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7780:
7764:
7760:
7737:
7733:
7721:
7714:
7708:Wayback Machine
7699:
7695:
7674:(10): 983–985.
7664:
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7646:
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7602:
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7582:
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7572:
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7554:
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7412:
7408:
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7387:
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7344:
7342:
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7333:
7329:
7319:
7317:
7307:
7303:
7279:
7273:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7249:
7248:
7244:
7234:
7232:
7222:Washington Post
7214:
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7182:
7181:
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6915:
6910:
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6892:
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6887:
6848:
6844:
6834:
6832:
6824:
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6819:
6782:
6778:
6768:
6766:
6756:
6752:
6742:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6679:
6675:
6665:
6663:
6661:Healthcare Dive
6655:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6637:. June 15, 2016
6630:
6629:
6625:
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6613:
6600:
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6574:
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6520:
6518:
6506:
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6448:
6444:
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6402:
6400:
6376:
6375:
6371:
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6359:
6349:
6345:
6335:
6333:
6321:
6317:
6272:
6268:
6258:
6256:
6246:
6242:
6232:
6230:
6218:
6214:
6204:
6202:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
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6096:
6086:
6084:
6076:
6075:
6066:
6056:
6052:
6042:
6040:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6009:
6007:
6002:
6001:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5980:Washington Post
5973:
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5957:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5925:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5897:
5893:
5851:
5845:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5779:
5772:
5752:
5748:
5709:
5705:
5674:
5670:
5660:
5658:
5657:on July 7, 2016
5654:
5643:
5637:
5633:
5588:
5584:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5552:on June 8, 2009
5544:
5543:
5539:
5499:
5493:
5489:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5390:
5383:
5370:
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5365:
5326:
5317:
5283:
5277:
5273:
5261:
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5244:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5215:
5213:
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5195:
5193:
5189:
5175:
5173:
5154:
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5141:
5137:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5097:
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5092:
5082:
5080:
5070:
5063:
5053:
5051:
5048:Harvard Gazette
5042:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5012:
5008:
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4983:
4973:
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4883:
4879:
4869:
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4831:
4826:
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4803:
4783:
4776:
4731:
4727:
4717:
4715:
4706:
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4701:
4691:
4689:
4671:
4667:
4657:
4655:
4640:
4632:McCusker, J. J.
4620:
4612:McCusker, J. J.
4608:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4520:
4519:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4453:
4449:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4393:
4389:
4381:Richard Morris
4380:
4376:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4328:
4317:
4313:
4260:
4256:
4201:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4173:
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4155:
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4141:
4139:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4107:
4097:
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4082:
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4070:
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4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
3989:
3985:
3914:
3910:
3843:
3839:
3780:
3776:
3735:Springer Nature
3719:
3715:
3670:
3666:
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3652:
3648:
3631:
3627:
3574:
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3558:
3529:
3528:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3335:Medicine portal
3333:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3306:
3300:
3215:
3161:
3151:
3122:
3089:senior citizens
3067:
3061:
3058:
3051:
3039:
3028:
3022:
2998:Wyeth v. Levine
2960:
2954:
2949:
2924:Medical devices
2845:
2837:Main articles:
2835:
2823:
2806:
2764:
2754:
2741:
2716:
2707:
2671:
2626:
2609:overutilization
2604:
2583:
2565:
2563:Value for money
2546:John C. Goodman
2472:
2467:
2448:Since 2004 the
2405:
2397:The Independent
2353:prostate cancer
2265:the Netherlands
2199:
2193:
2184:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2083:
2061:
2056:
2039:
2033:
2016:
2010:
1984:
1972:
1877:
1872:
1858:
1746:
1738:Main articles:
1736:
1691:
1682:
1653:medical devices
1649:pharmaceuticals
1645:
1602:medical license
1567:
1561:
1511:family planning
1399:Hill–Burton Act
1357:
1347:
1336:
1277:
1271:
1161:life expectancy
1145:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1085:wage stagnation
1000:created by the
978:
970:Main articles:
968:
957:A study by the
932:
927:
911:benefit in kind
872:medical schools
844:
838:
830:Hill–Burton Act
815:medical devices
724:
688:
686:
685:
677:
675:
670:
669:
660:Fee-for-service
645:
637:
636:
610:Publicly-funded
590:
582:
581:
552:
544:
543:
539:
427:
400:
379:
350:
349:
311:
303:
302:
263:
255:
254:
214:
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108:
100:
99:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18331:
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18320:
18315:
18310:
18293:
18292:
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18285:
18280:
18275:
18273:Western Sahara
18270:
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17513:Czech Republic
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17235:
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17183:Cayman Islands
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16841:
16840:
16838:
16832:
16831:
16829:
16828:
16823:
16818:
16813:
16808:
16806:Digital health
16803:
16798:
16793:
16791:3D bioprinting
16787:
16785:
16779:
16778:
16776:
16775:
16770:
16765:
16760:
16755:
16753:Bedside manner
16749:
16747:
16743:
16742:
16740:
16739:
16734:
16729:
16724:
16719:
16714:
16709:
16704:
16699:
16693:
16691:
16687:
16686:
16684:
16683:
16678:
16673:
16662:Medical school
16659:
16654:
16649:
16644:
16638:
16636:
16632:
16631:
16629:
16628:
16623:
16618:
16613:
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16408:
16407:
16406:
16396:
16391:
16386:
16381:
16379:Mass shootings
16376:
16371:
16370:
16369:
16367:Climate change
16364:
16354:
16349:
16348:
16347:
16342:
16337:
16332:
16327:
16322:
16317:
16312:
16305:Discrimination
16302:
16297:
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16285:
16279:
16277:
16273:
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16270:
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16259:
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16097:
16095:American Dream
16092:
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16078:
16077:
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16074:
16069:
16064:
16062:Transportation
16059:
16054:
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16019:
16014:
16009:
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15997:
15995:Mount Rushmore
15992:
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15665:
15663:
15662:
15657:
15652:
15647:
15642:
15637:
15632:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15615:Federal budget
15612:
15607:
15602:
15601:
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15575:
15570:
15565:
15560:
15555:
15553:Communications
15550:
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15521:
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15511:
15510:
15505:
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15482:
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15476:
15474:exceptionalism
15471:
15461:
15456:
15455:
15454:
15452:foreign policy
15444:
15443:
15442:
15437:
15427:
15421:
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15409:
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15309:
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15296:
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15286:
15280:
15278:
15269:
15263:
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15260:
15259:
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15220:
15214:
15212:
15206:
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15183:
15177:
15175:
15169:
15168:
15166:
15165:
15164:
15163:
15153:
15152:
15151:
15149:Chief justices
15144:Supreme courts
15140:
15138:
15132:
15131:
15129:
15128:
15123:
15117:
15115:
15109:
15108:
15106:
15105:
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15093:
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15078:
15073:
15068:
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15045:
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15033:
15031:
15022:
15005:
15004:
15001:
15000:
14998:
14997:
14992:
14987:
14986:
14985:
14983:National Guard
14980:
14975:
14970:
14965:
14960:
14955:
14944:
14942:
14936:
14935:
14933:
14932:
14927:
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14915:
14910:
14900:
14895:
14894:
14893:
14886:Bill of Rights
14882:
14880:
14874:
14873:
14871:
14870:
14865:
14860:
14859:
14858:
14856:list of judges
14853:
14851:list of courts
14839:
14838:
14837:
14835:list of judges
14827:
14826:
14825:
14820:
14815:
14804:
14802:
14796:
14795:
14793:
14792:
14787:
14782:
14777:
14772:
14770:Capitol Police
14767:
14766:
14765:
14760:
14755:
14745:
14744:
14743:
14738:
14727:
14725:
14719:
14718:
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14710:
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14698:
14693:
14691:Secret Service
14688:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14668:
14663:
14658:
14648:
14647:
14646:
14641:
14636:
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14606:
14604:Vice President
14601:
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14472:
14467:
14462:
14457:
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14447:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14392:
14391:
14390:
14388:National Parks
14380:
14379:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14358:
14348:
14343:
14341:Extreme points
14338:
14333:
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14080:
14075:
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14060:
14055:
14050:
14045:
14040:
14035:
14030:
14028:Federalist Era
14025:
14024:
14023:
14021:Bill of Rights
14018:
14008:
14003:
14002:
14001:
13996:
13986:
13985:
13984:
13979:
13969:
13964:
13962:Lee Resolution
13959:
13954:
13953:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13922:
13912:
13906:
13904:
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13897:
13896:
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13876:
13871:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13840:
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13824:
13822: articles
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13808:
13801:
13793:
13787:
13786:
13777:
13772:
13760:
13751:
13742:
13731:
13730:External links
13728:
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13681:
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13500:
13491:
13485:978-1421416076
13484:
13471:
13465:
13452:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13433:
13408:
13371:(4): 662–663.
13351:
13325:
13313:HealthCare.gov
13300:
13251:
13225:
13199:
13165:
13124:
13080:
13059:(1): E35–E67.
13053:Pain Physician
13039:
13026:
12997:
12980:
12955:
12934:
12920:whitehouse.gov
12906:
12891:
12861:
12835:
12804:
12745:
12714:
12712:
12711:
12701:Sade, Robert.
12699:Reproduced as
12663:
12643:
12625:Cato Institute
12609:
12576:
12550:
12530:
12508:
12482:
12423:
12397:
12376:(10): 669–84.
12356:
12338:
12323:
12297:
12276:
12254:
12225:(4): 491–513.
12205:
12180:Health Affairs
12166:
12138:
12126:
12106:
12088:
12067:(18): 1883–5.
12047:
12023:
11956:
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11921:
11896:
11871:
11846:
11823:
11806:
11787:(17): 2344–6.
11771:
11756:
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11672:(7): 592–603.
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11135:(2): 242–257.
11115:
11064:
10998:
10981:
10955:
10925:
10888:(2): 179–188.
10868:
10825:
10799:
10777:
10747:
10722:
10708:
10682:
10655:Health Affairs
10641:
10612:(3): 295–301.
10592:
10563:(3): 295–301.
10543:
10494:
10473:(6): 1629–39.
10467:Health Affairs
10453:
10428:
10410:
10384:
10365:
10342:
10325:Jeff Lemieux,
10318:
10269:
10252:
10227:
10197:
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10121:
10079:
10062:
10043:
10020:
9999:
9995:New York Times
9955:
9926:
9885:
9881:Health Affairs
9868:
9839:(4): 1211–31.
9819:
9804:Health Affairs
9790:
9763:
9714:
9686:
9660:
9637:
9611:
9585:
9549:
9521:
9486:
9453:
9440:
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9292:
9265:
9237:
9225:
9161:
9136:
9077:
9026:
9020:978-0691190785
9019:
8995:
8969:
8965:Health Affairs
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8925:
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8105:
8082:
8057:
8031:
8005:
7983:
7970:
7957:Bloomberg News
7942:
7915:Health Affairs
7898:
7871:(2): 267–288.
7851:
7830:"Health Costs"
7821:
7817:Health Affairs
7804:
7789:
7778:
7758:
7731:
7727:Health Affairs
7712:
7693:
7658:
7640:
7590:
7565:
7548:
7544:Free full-text
7503:
7480:
7455:
7420:Health Affairs
7406:
7378:
7352:
7327:
7301:
7267:
7242:
7208:
7175:
7161:
7131:
7095:
7070:
7058:
7034:
7030:MeasuringWorth
7024:United States
7012:MeasuringWorth
6986:
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6903:
6885:
6842:
6817:
6790:Health Affairs
6776:
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6593:
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6369:
6343:
6315:
6286:(6): 504–628.
6266:
6240:
6212:
6184:
6178:978-0691217079
6177:
6171:. p. ix.
6146:
6120:
6094:
6082:healthdata.org
6064:
6050:
6017:
5992:
5967:
5939:
5919:
5891:
5862:(6): 591–608.
5834:
5799:
5770:
5746:
5703:
5678:Health Affairs
5668:
5631:
5582:
5563:
5537:
5510:(3): 392–421.
5487:
5427:
5400:(6): 586–593.
5381:
5363:
5315:
5294:(7): 1189–96.
5288:Health Affairs
5271:
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5202:
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5135:
5115:
5090:
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4981:
4970:. May 25, 2017
4955:
4929:
4877:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4808:
4801:
4774:
4745:(3): 627–642.
4725:
4699:
4665:
4649:1800–present:
4563:
4538:
4508:
4467:(3): 893–908.
4447:
4428:(3): 233–253.
4412:
4406:978-1479807048
4405:
4387:
4374:
4361:
4352:
4339:
4326:
4311:
4274:(1): 123–129.
4254:
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4068:
4055:New York Times
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3995:. The Upshot.
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3302:Main article:
3299:
3296:
3261:, cuts to the
3259:indoor tanning
3214:
3211:
3150:
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3069:
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3024:Main article:
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2936:Harrow Council
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2737:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2670:
2667:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2625:
2622:
2603:
2600:
2582:
2579:
2570:Health Affairs
2564:
2561:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2404:
2401:
2370:Health Affairs
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2082:
2079:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2032:
2029:
2012:Main article:
2009:
2006:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1959:Cato Institute
1876:
1873:
1857:
1854:
1771:United Kingdom
1735:
1732:
1703:medical school
1690:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1658:pharmaceutical
1644:
1641:
1629:medical degree
1563:Main article:
1560:
1557:
1403:HCA Healthcare
1346:
1343:
1335:
1332:
1270:
1267:
1169:drug overdoses
1144:
1141:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1065:OECD countries
967:
964:
931:
928:
926:
923:
840:Main article:
837:
834:
726:
725:
723:
722:
715:
708:
700:
697:
696:
672:
671:
668:
667:
665:Global payment
662:
657:
652:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
629:
624:
623:
622:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
562:Public opinion
559:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
534:
527:
526:
525:Latest enacted
522:
521:
515:
509:
503:
496:
495:
491:
490:
484:
478:
471:
470:
466:
465:
459:
453:
447:
440:
439:
433:
432:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
419:
418:
413:
405:
404:
394:
393:
381:
380:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:Healthy Howard
341:
335:
334:
333:
328:
326:Healthy Way LA
323:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
285:
280:
275:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
195:
194:
193:
187:
181:
169:
168:
167:
162:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
145:
139:
127:
121:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:
91:
85:
79:
70:
67:
62:
56:
50:
43:
40:
39:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18330:
18319:
18316:
18314:
18311:
18309:
18306:
18305:
18303:
18289:
18286:
18284:
18281:
18279:
18276:
18274:
18271:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18244:
18241:
18239:
18238:United States
18236:
18234:
18231:
18229:
18226:
18224:
18221:
18219:
18216:
18214:
18211:
18209:
18206:
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18196:
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18191:
18189:
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18176:
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18159:
18156:
18154:
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18149:
18146:
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18141:
18139:
18136:
18134:
18131:
18129:
18126:
18124:
18121:
18119:
18116:
18114:
18111:
18109:
18106:
18104:
18101:
18099:
18096:
18094:
18091:
18089:
18086:
18084:
18081:
18079:
18076:
18074:
18071:
18069:
18066:
18064:
18061:
18059:
18056:
18054:
18051:
18049:
18046:
18044:
18041:
18039:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18029:
18026:
18024:
18021:
18019:
18016:
18014:
18011:
18009:
18006:
18004:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17994:
17991:
17989:
17986:
17984:
17981:
17979:
17976:
17974:
17971:
17969:
17966:
17964:
17961:
17959:
17956:
17954:
17951:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17939:
17936:
17934:
17931:
17929:
17926:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17899:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17889:
17886:
17884:
17881:
17879:
17876:
17874:
17871:
17869:
17866:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17819:
17816:
17814:
17811:
17809:
17806:
17804:
17801:
17799:
17798:Liechtenstein
17796:
17794:
17791:
17789:
17786:
17784:
17781:
17779:
17776:
17774:
17771:
17769:
17766:
17764:
17761:
17759:
17756:
17754:
17751:
17749:
17746:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17653:Guinea-Bissau
17651:
17649:
17646:
17644:
17641:
17639:
17636:
17634:
17631:
17629:
17626:
17624:
17621:
17619:
17616:
17614:
17611:
17609:
17606:
17604:
17601:
17599:
17596:
17594:
17591:
17589:
17586:
17584:
17581:
17579:
17576:
17574:
17571:
17569:
17566:
17564:
17561:
17559:
17556:
17554:
17551:
17549:
17546:
17544:
17541:
17539:
17536:
17534:
17531:
17529:
17526:
17524:
17521:
17519:
17516:
17514:
17511:
17509:
17506:
17504:
17501:
17499:
17496:
17494:
17491:
17489:
17486:
17484:
17481:
17479:
17476:
17474:
17471:
17469:
17466:
17464:
17461:
17459:
17456:
17454:
17451:
17449:
17446:
17444:
17441:
17439:
17436:
17434:
17431:
17429:
17426:
17424:
17421:
17419:
17416:
17414:
17411:
17409:
17406:
17404:
17401:
17399:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17389:
17386:
17384:
17381:
17379:
17376:
17374:
17371:
17369:
17366:
17364:
17361:
17359:
17356:
17354:
17351:
17349:
17346:
17344:
17341:
17339:
17336:
17334:
17331:
17329:
17326:
17324:
17321:
17319:
17316:
17314:
17311:
17309:
17306:
17304:
17301:
17298:
17289:
17284:
17282:
17277:
17275:
17270:
17269:
17266:
17254:
17251:
17249:
17246:
17244:
17241:
17239:
17236:
17234:
17231:
17229:
17226:
17224:
17221:
17219:
17216:
17214:
17211:
17209:
17206:
17204:
17201:
17199:
17196:
17194:
17191:
17189:
17186:
17184:
17181:
17179:
17176:
17174:
17171:
17169:
17166:
17164:
17161:
17159:
17156:
17155:
17153:
17145:
17139:
17138:United States
17136:
17134:
17131:
17129:
17126:
17124:
17121:
17119:
17116:
17114:
17111:
17109:
17106:
17104:
17101:
17099:
17096:
17094:
17091:
17089:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17066:
17064:
17061:
17059:
17056:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17034:
17031:
17029:
17026:
17025:
17023:
17019:
17010:
17005:
17003:
16998:
16996:
16991:
16990:
16987:
16975:
16967:
16966:
16963:
16958:
16955:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16945:
16943:
16940:
16938:
16935:
16931:
16928:
16927:
16926:
16925:United States
16923:
16921:
16917:
16909:
16906:
16904:
16901:
16899:
16896:
16894:
16891:
16889:
16886:
16884:
16881:
16879:
16876:
16874:in healthcare
16873:
16870:
16868:in healthcare
16867:
16864:
16862:in healthcare
16861:
16858:
16856:
16853:
16851:
16847:
16844:
16843:
16839:
16837:
16833:
16827:
16824:
16822:
16819:
16817:
16814:
16812:
16809:
16807:
16804:
16802:
16799:
16797:
16794:
16792:
16789:
16788:
16786:
16784:
16780:
16774:
16771:
16769:
16766:
16764:
16761:
16759:
16756:
16754:
16751:
16750:
16748:
16744:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16700:
16698:
16695:
16694:
16692:
16688:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16674:
16671:
16667:
16663:
16660:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16639:
16637:
16633:
16627:
16624:
16622:
16619:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16593:
16591:
16587:
16581:
16578:
16576:
16573:
16571:
16568:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16527:
16524:
16520:
16513:
16508:
16506:
16501:
16499:
16494:
16493:
16490:
16478:
16475:
16473:
16470:
16469:
16464:
16460:
16457:
16453:
16452:
16448:
16434:
16431:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16421:
16417:
16414:
16413:
16412:
16409:
16405:
16402:
16401:
16400:
16397:
16395:
16392:
16390:
16387:
16385:
16382:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16372:
16368:
16365:
16363:
16360:
16359:
16358:
16355:
16353:
16352:Energy policy
16350:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16313:
16311:
16308:
16307:
16306:
16303:
16301:
16298:
16294:
16293:incarceration
16291:
16290:
16289:
16286:
16284:
16281:
16280:
16278:
16274:
16268:
16265:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16255:
16253:
16250:
16248:
16245:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16216:
16213:
16211:
16208:
16206:
16203:
16202:
16201:
16198:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16178:Prenatal care
16176:
16174:
16173:Birth control
16171:
16169:
16166:
16165:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16155:
16153:
16151:
16147:
16141:
16138:
16136:
16133:
16131:
16128:
16126:
16123:
16121:
16118:
16116:
16113:
16111:
16110:Homeownership
16108:
16106:
16103:
16101:
16098:
16096:
16093:
16091:
16088:
16087:
16085:
16083:
16079:
16073:
16070:
16068:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16050:
16048:
16045:
16043:
16040:
16038:
16035:
16033:
16030:
16028:
16025:
16023:
16020:
16018:
16015:
16013:
16010:
16006:
16003:
16001:
15998:
15996:
15993:
15991:
15988:
15987:
15986:
15983:
15981:
15978:
15976:
15973:
15971:
15968:
15964:
15961:
15959:
15956:
15954:
15951:
15949:
15946:
15944:
15941:
15940:
15939:
15936:
15934:
15931:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15917:
15914:
15913:
15912:
15909:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15897:
15894:
15890:
15887:
15886:
15885:
15882:
15880:
15877:
15873:
15870:
15869:
15868:
15865:
15863:
15860:
15858:
15855:
15851:
15848:
15846:
15843:
15842:
15841:
15838:
15834:
15833:working class
15831:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15793:homeownership
15791:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15780:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15759:
15756:
15754:
15751:
15749:
15746:
15744:
15741:
15740:
15738:
15736:
15732:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15719:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15675:
15673:
15671:
15667:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15653:
15651:
15648:
15646:
15643:
15641:
15638:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15608:
15606:
15603:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15579:
15576:
15574:
15573:Manufacturing
15571:
15569:
15566:
15564:
15561:
15559:
15556:
15554:
15551:
15549:
15546:
15544:
15541:
15540:
15539:
15536:
15535:
15532:
15529:
15527:
15523:
15509:
15506:
15502:
15501:Third parties
15499:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15488:
15487:
15484:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15466:
15465:
15462:
15460:
15457:
15453:
15450:
15449:
15448:
15445:
15441:
15438:
15436:
15433:
15432:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15423:
15422:
15419:
15407:
15404:
15403:
15402:
15399:
15398:
15396:
15394:
15390:
15384:
15381:
15379:
15376:
15375:
15373:
15371:
15367:
15361:
15358:
15356:
15353:
15351:
15348:
15346:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15328:
15326:
15323:
15321:
15318:
15316:
15313:
15312:
15310:
15306:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15281:
15279:
15277:
15273:
15270:
15268:
15264:
15258:
15255:
15251:
15248:
15247:
15246:
15243:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15225:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15216:
15215:
15213:
15211:
15207:
15197:
15194:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15174:
15170:
15162:
15159:
15158:
15157:
15154:
15150:
15147:
15146:
15145:
15142:
15141:
15139:
15137:
15133:
15127:
15124:
15122:
15119:
15118:
15116:
15114:
15110:
15102:
15099:
15098:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15055:
15052:
15051:
15050:
15047:
15043:
15040:
15039:
15038:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15030:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15015:
15010:
15006:
14996:
14993:
14991:
14988:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14950:
14949:
14946:
14945:
14943:
14941:
14937:
14931:
14928:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14905:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14892:
14889:
14888:
14887:
14884:
14883:
14881:
14879:
14875:
14869:
14868:U.S. attorney
14866:
14864:
14861:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14848:
14847:
14843:
14840:
14836:
14833:
14832:
14831:
14828:
14824:
14821:
14819:
14816:
14814:
14813:Chief Justice
14811:
14810:
14809:
14808:Supreme Court
14806:
14805:
14803:
14801:
14797:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14750:
14749:
14746:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14734:
14733:
14732:
14729:
14728:
14726:
14724:
14720:
14714:
14713:Public policy
14711:
14709:
14708:Civil service
14706:
14704:
14701:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14669:
14667:
14664:
14662:
14659:
14657:
14654:
14653:
14652:
14649:
14645:
14642:
14640:
14637:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14626:
14625:
14622:
14620:
14617:
14615:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14602:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14590:
14589:
14588:
14585:
14584:
14582:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14569:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14556:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14533:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14489:
14485:
14481:
14478:
14476:
14473:
14471:
14468:
14466:
14463:
14461:
14458:
14456:
14453:
14451:
14448:
14446:
14443:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14403:
14401:
14398:
14397:
14396:
14393:
14389:
14386:
14385:
14384:
14381:
14377:
14376:Sierra Nevada
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14353:
14352:
14349:
14347:
14344:
14342:
14339:
14337:
14334:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14314:insular zones
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14286:
14285:
14282:
14281:
14278:
14275:
14273:
14269:
14259:
14256:
14254:
14251:
14249:
14246:
14244:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14220:
14218:
14214:
14208:
14205:
14203:
14200:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14187:
14186:
14185:War on Terror
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14165:LGBT Movement
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14134:
14131:
14130:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14097:
14094:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14083:
14081:
14079:
14076:
14074:
14071:
14069:
14066:
14064:
14061:
14059:
14056:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14046:
14044:
14041:
14039:
14036:
14034:
14031:
14029:
14026:
14022:
14019:
14017:
14014:
14013:
14012:
14009:
14007:
14004:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13991:
13990:
13987:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13974:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13917:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13907:
13905:
13901:
13895:
13892:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13841:
13839:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13826:
13821:
13820:United States
13814:
13809:
13807:
13802:
13800:
13795:
13794:
13791:
13785:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13767:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13737:
13734:
13733:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13696:
13692:
13691:
13686:
13682:
13678:
13676:0-465-07934-2
13672:
13668:
13667:
13662:
13658:
13654:
13652:9780882021652
13648:
13644:
13639:
13635:
13631:
13627:
13623:
13619:
13615:
13612:(4): 245–63.
13611:
13607:
13602:
13598:
13593:
13589:
13583:
13579:
13578:
13572:
13568:
13563:
13559:
13554:
13550:
13545:
13541:
13540:
13534:
13522:
13518:
13512:
13508:
13507:
13501:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13481:
13477:
13472:
13468:
13462:
13458:
13453:
13451:Four volumes.
13448:
13443:
13442:
13422:
13421:coveredca.com
13418:
13412:
13404:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13386:
13382:
13378:
13374:
13370:
13366:
13362:
13355:
13339:
13335:
13329:
13314:
13310:
13304:
13296:
13292:
13287:
13282:
13278:
13274:
13271:(6): 917–23.
13270:
13266:
13262:
13255:
13240:
13236:
13229:
13214:. May 4, 2017
13213:
13209:
13203:
13188:
13184:
13180:
13176:
13169:
13161:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13144:(4): 323–42.
13143:
13139:
13135:
13128:
13120:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13103:(4): 366–74.
13102:
13098:
13091:
13084:
13076:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13058:
13054:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13030:
13014:
13013:
13008:
13001:
12994:
12990:
12987:Peter Grier,
12984:
12969:
12965:
12959:
12951:
12950:
12945:
12938:
12930:
12926:
12922:
12921:
12916:
12910:
12902:
12895:
12879:
12875:
12871:
12865:
12850:
12846:
12839:
12824:
12823:
12818:
12814:
12813:Nuwer, Rachel
12808:
12800:
12796:
12792:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12774:
12770:
12766:
12762:
12761:
12756:
12749:
12733:
12729:
12725:
12718:
12708:
12704:
12698:
12697:
12694:
12690:
12686:
12682:
12678:
12674:
12667:
12661:
12657:
12653:
12647:
12631:
12627:
12626:
12620:
12613:
12597:
12593:
12591:
12586:
12580:
12573:
12569:
12566:
12562:
12559:
12554:
12547:
12543:
12539:
12534:
12518:
12512:
12497:
12493:
12486:
12478:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12460:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12442:
12438:
12434:
12427:
12412:
12408:
12401:
12393:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12367:
12360:
12352:
12348:
12342:
12334:
12327:
12312:
12308:
12301:
12294:
12290:
12286:
12280:
12264:
12258:
12250:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12224:
12220:
12216:
12209:
12201:
12197:
12193:
12189:
12185:
12181:
12177:
12170:
12155:
12148:
12142:
12135:
12130:
12123:
12119:
12116:
12110:
12102:
12098:
12092:
12084:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12051:
12043:
12039:
12038:
12033:
12027:
12019:
12015:
12011:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11993:
11989:
11984:
11983:10.2196/42936
11979:
11975:
11971:
11967:
11960:
11946:
11940:
11936:
11932:
11925:
11910:
11906:
11900:
11885:
11881:
11875:
11860:
11856:
11850:
11843:
11839:
11835:
11832:
11827:
11820:
11816:
11810:
11802:
11798:
11794:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11775:
11767:
11760:
11752:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11734:
11730:
11726:
11722:
11718:
11714:
11710:
11703:
11695:
11691:
11687:
11683:
11679:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11663:
11656:
11648:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11630:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11614:
11607:
11599:
11595:
11591:
11587:
11584:(6): 1305–9.
11583:
11579:
11572:
11564:
11560:
11556:
11552:
11548:
11544:
11537:
11529:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11511:
11507:
11503:
11499:
11495:
11488:
11472:
11468:
11464:
11460:
11453:
11446:
11441:
11433:
11429:
11422:
11414:
11413:Florida Today
11410:
11403:
11397:
11396:
11392:
11389:
11383:
11376:
11372:
11371:
11364:
11348:
11344:
11337:
11328:
11326:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11301:
11297:
11293:
11289:
11285:
11278:
11270:
11266:
11262:
11256:
11252:
11251:
11243:
11236:
11232:
11229:
11223:
11207:
11203:
11197:
11181:
11174:
11168:
11160:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11142:
11138:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11119:
11111:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11083:
11079:
11075:
11068:
11060:
11056:
11052:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11010:
11002:
10996:
10992:
10985:
10970:
10966:
10959:
10943:
10939:
10935:
10929:
10921:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10872:
10864:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10846:
10842:
10841:
10836:
10829:
10814:
10810:
10803:
10787:
10781:
10765:
10761:
10757:
10751:
10736:
10732:
10726:
10718:
10712:
10696:
10692:
10686:
10678:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10661:(6): 1554–8.
10660:
10656:
10652:
10645:
10637:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10619:
10615:
10611:
10607:
10603:
10596:
10588:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10570:
10566:
10562:
10558:
10554:
10547:
10539:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10521:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10505:
10498:
10490:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10472:
10468:
10464:
10457:
10449:
10442:
10435:
10433:
10425:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10399:
10395:
10388:
10380:
10376:
10369:
10363:
10359:
10355:
10351:
10346:
10339:
10335:
10331:
10328:
10322:
10314:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10289:(8): 768–75.
10288:
10284:
10280:
10273:
10262:
10256:
10241:
10237:
10231:
10215:
10211:
10207:
10201:
10194:
10190:
10187:
10182:
10175:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10162:
10154:
10150:
10147:
10141:
10134:
10130:
10125:
10118:
10114:
10111:
10107:
10103:
10099:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10083:
10076:
10072:
10066:
10059:
10055:
10052:
10047:
10041:
10037:
10033:
10030:
10024:
10016:
10015:
10010:
10003:
9996:
9992:
9989:Lay summary:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9971:(3): 222–31.
9970:
9966:
9959:
9943:
9936:
9930:
9922:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9896:
9889:
9882:
9878:
9872:
9864:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9823:
9814:
9809:
9805:
9801:
9794:
9783:September 26,
9778:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9725:
9718:
9703:
9702:
9697:
9690:
9674:
9670:
9664:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9641:
9626:
9622:
9615:
9599:
9595:
9589:
9582:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9553:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9525:
9509:
9505:
9500:
9493:
9491:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9444:
9437:
9434:
9428:
9420:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9371:
9363:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9346:(5): 405–11.
9345:
9341:
9334:
9327:
9320:
9314:
9307:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9273:David Gratzer
9269:
9254:
9247:
9241:
9234:
9229:
9222:
9215:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9198:(8): 730–56.
9197:
9193:
9186:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9165:
9150:
9146:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9081:
9073:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9040:PLOS Medicine
9037:
9030:
9022:
9016:
9012:
9008:
9007:
8999:
8984:
8980:
8973:
8966:
8962:
8956:
8948:
8942:
8938:
8937:
8929:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8899:
8884:
8880:
8873:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8850:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8826:
8824:
8808:
8804:
8797:
8789:
8785:
8779:
8770:
8762:
8756:
8741:
8734:
8728:
8720:
8716:
8710:
8702:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8684:
8669:
8665:
8659:
8651:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8618:
8607:
8601:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8564:
8560:
8553:
8547:
8545:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8513:
8505:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8456:
8441:
8437:
8430:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8397:
8393:
8390:
8385:
8378:
8374:
8371:
8366:
8359:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8339:
8333:July 29, 2007
8332:
8328:
8323:
8315:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8288:
8281:
8276:
8261:
8257:
8250:
8248:
8246:
8237:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8196:
8194:
8192:
8175:
8171:
8164:
8157:
8155:
8147:
8143:
8139:
8134:
8127:
8122:
8115:
8109:
8102:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8087:
8068:
8061:
8054:
8050:
8047:
8043:
8038:
8036:
8019:
8015:
8009:
8002:
7998:
7995:
7990:
7988:
7980:
7974:
7959:
7958:
7953:
7946:
7938:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7909:
7902:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7855:
7839:
7835:
7834:Kaiseredu.org
7831:
7825:
7818:
7814:
7808:
7801:
7798:
7793:
7785:
7781:
7775:
7771:
7770:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7725:
7719:
7717:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7697:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7594:
7579:
7575:
7569:
7558:
7552:
7545:
7540:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7507:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7451:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7395:
7391:
7385:
7383:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7316:
7312:
7305:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7188:The Economist
7185:
7184:"Health Care"
7179:
7171:
7165:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7138:
7136:
7116:
7112:
7105:
7099:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7067:
7062:
7051:
7044:
7038:
7031:
7027:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6939:
6935:
6929:
6913:
6907:
6900:. March 2021.
6899:
6895:
6889:
6881:
6877:
6873:
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6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6846:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6813:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6796:(9): 1680–8.
6795:
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6216:
6200:
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6159:Deaton, Angus
6156:
6150:
6134:
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6108:
6104:
6098:
6083:
6079:
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5928:
5923:
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5907:
5902:
5895:
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5869:
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5861:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5792:September 11,
5788:
5784:
5777:
5775:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5750:
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5734:
5730:
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5722:
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5714:
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5699:
5695:
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5687:
5683:
5679:
5672:
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5649:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5465:1721.1/129483
5461:
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5438:
5431:
5423:
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5411:
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5127:
5119:
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5079:
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5021:
5017:
5010:
4995:
4991:
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4959:
4944:
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4908:
4904:
4900:
4897:(3): 449–52.
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4416:
4408:
4402:
4399:. NYU Press.
4398:
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4385:(1976) p 806.
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3659:dpeaflcio.org
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3106:
3102:
3097:
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3086:
3081:
3076:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3043:This section
3041:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2980:drug labeling
2976:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:systemic bias
2910:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2854:
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2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:sliding-scale
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2759:
2752:Mental health
2745:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2711:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
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2675:
2666:
2664:
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2642:
2639:
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2634:
2632:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2592:
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2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2558:
2554:
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2528:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
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2497:
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2477:
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2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2365:David Gratzer
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:breast cancer
2341:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
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2262:
2258:
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2250:
2246:
2238:
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2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2147:MediaWiki.org
2144:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2081:Waiting times
2078:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2038:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1952:nursing homes
1949:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:cost-shifting
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1811:nursing homes
1807:
1804:in 2011, the
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:angioplasties
1774:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:faith healing
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1616:, nutrition,
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:Anthony Fauci
1571:
1566:
1556:
1553:
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1246:
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1233:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:Kamala Harris
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:advocate and
1189:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1108: Adopted
1096:
1092:
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1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:public sector
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
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1005:
1003:
999:
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991:
982:
977:
973:
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916:
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876:
873:
869:
861:
857:
853:
848:
843:
833:
831:
827:
822:
820:
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808:
804:
798:
796:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
756:
752:
748:
747:life sciences
744:
740:
739:New York City
736:
732:
721:
716:
714:
709:
707:
702:
701:
699:
698:
695:
684:
674:
673:
666:
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519:
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513:
510:
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504:
501:
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497:
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492:
488:
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463:
460:
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451:
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438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
423:
422:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
406:
403:
401:United States
396:
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391:
387:
386:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
354:
353:
345:
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313:
307:
306:
299:
296:
293:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
273:
269:
268:Dirigo Health
266:
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259:
258:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
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223:
220:
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125:
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119:
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111:
110:
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103:
95:
92:
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83:
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71:
68:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
44:
38:
37:
34:
31:
30:
27:
19:
18258:Vatican City
18237:
18208:Turkmenistan
18108:South Africa
18078:Sierra Leone
18058:Saudi Arabia
17433:Burkina Faso
17243:Sint Maarten
17223:Saint Martin
17137:
16924:
16893:Telemedicine
16826:Telemedicine
16821:Nanomedicine
16657:Nursing home
16394:Human rights
16374:Gun politics
16325:Islamophobia
16315:antisemitism
16183:Hospice care
16162:
16125:Middle class
16105:Homelessness
16082:Social class
16042:Social class
15906:Human rights
15896:Homelessness
15808:middle class
15773:Demographics
15748:Architecture
15655:Unemployment
15635:Labor unions
15383:Town meeting
15360:City council
15355:City manager
15096:State police
14958:Marine Corps
14948:Armed Forces
14923:civil rights
14903:Constitution
14475:Southwestern
14470:Southeastern
14460:Northwestern
14455:Northeastern
14420:Mid-Atlantic
14410:Great Plains
14128:World War II
14011:Constitution
13915:Colonial era
13894:2008–present
13720:
13689:
13665:
13642:
13609:
13605:
13596:
13576:
13566:
13557:
13551:. Routledge.
13548:
13538:
13525:. Retrieved
13521:the original
13505:
13498:. Routledge.
13495:
13475:
13456:
13446:
13426:November 17,
13424:. Retrieved
13420:
13411:
13368:
13364:
13354:
13344:November 17,
13342:. Retrieved
13337:
13328:
13316:. Retrieved
13312:
13303:
13268:
13264:
13254:
13242:. Retrieved
13239:The Guardian
13238:
13228:
13218:February 28,
13216:. Retrieved
13211:
13202:
13192:February 28,
13190:. Retrieved
13178:
13168:
13141:
13137:
13127:
13100:
13096:
13083:
13056:
13052:
13042:
13029:
13017:. Retrieved
13010:
13000:
12992:
12983:
12971:. Retrieved
12967:
12958:
12947:
12937:
12918:
12909:
12894:
12882:. Retrieved
12878:the original
12873:
12864:
12852:. Retrieved
12848:
12838:
12826:. Retrieved
12820:
12807:
12764:
12758:
12748:
12736:. Retrieved
12732:the original
12727:
12717:
12676:
12672:
12666:
12646:
12634:. Retrieved
12630:the original
12622:
12612:
12600:. Retrieved
12596:the original
12588:
12579:
12553:
12533:
12521:. Retrieved
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12269:February 20,
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12157:. Retrieved
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12064:
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12050:
12042:the original
12035:
12026:
11973:
11969:
11959:
11948:, retrieved
11934:
11924:
11912:. Retrieved
11908:
11899:
11887:. Retrieved
11883:
11874:
11862:. Retrieved
11858:
11849:
11826:
11815:Neil R. Powe
11809:
11784:
11780:
11774:
11759:
11716:
11712:
11702:
11669:
11666:Medical Care
11665:
11655:
11623:(6): 772–5.
11620:
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11542:
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11471:the original
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11351:. Retrieved
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11210:. Retrieved
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11184:. Retrieved
11179:
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11118:
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11077:
11067:
11016:
11012:
11001:
10984:
10972:. Retrieved
10968:
10958:
10948:November 22,
10946:. Retrieved
10942:the original
10938:PsychCentral
10937:
10928:
10885:
10881:
10871:
10844:
10838:
10828:
10816:. Retrieved
10812:
10802:
10790:. Retrieved
10780:
10770:February 28,
10768:. Retrieved
10764:the original
10759:
10750:
10740:February 28,
10738:. Retrieved
10735:nimh.nih.gov
10734:
10725:
10711:
10701:November 21,
10699:. Retrieved
10694:
10685:
10658:
10654:
10644:
10609:
10606:Medical Care
10605:
10595:
10560:
10557:Medical Care
10556:
10546:
10511:
10507:
10497:
10470:
10466:
10456:
10422:
10413:
10401:. Retrieved
10397:
10387:
10375:Milliman USA
10374:
10368:
10345:
10321:
10286:
10282:
10272:
10255:
10243:. Retrieved
10239:
10230:
10218:. Retrieved
10214:the original
10209:
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10171:
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10124:
10100:, May 2008,
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10065:
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10002:
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9946:. Retrieved
9941:
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9822:
9803:
9793:
9781:. Retrieved
9777:the original
9766:
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9727:
9717:
9705:. Retrieved
9699:
9689:
9677:. Retrieved
9672:
9663:
9654:
9651:Managed Care
9650:
9640:
9628:. Retrieved
9624:
9614:
9602:. Retrieved
9597:
9588:
9559:. Listed at
9552:
9531:. Listed at
9524:
9512:. Retrieved
9503:
9477:. Retrieved
9470:the original
9456:
9443:
9435:
9427:
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9339:
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9313:
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9256:. Retrieved
9252:
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9152:. Retrieved
9148:
9139:
9097:(5): e2181.
9094:
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9043:
9039:
9029:
9005:
8998:
8986:. Retrieved
8982:
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8928:
8918:December 14,
8916:. Retrieved
8912:the original
8907:
8898:
8886:. Retrieved
8882:
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8849:
8810:. Retrieved
8807:Aspe.hhs.gov
8806:
8796:
8788:the original
8784:"Topic Area"
8778:
8769:
8755:
8743:. Retrieved
8739:
8727:
8719:the original
8709:
8700:
8683:
8671:. Retrieved
8668:hqontario.ca
8667:
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8631:
8627:
8617:
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8592:the original
8582:
8570:. Retrieved
8563:the original
8558:
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8469:
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8455:
8443:. Retrieved
8439:
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8419:February 19,
8417:. Retrieved
8412:
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8330:
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8263:. Retrieved
8259:
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8180:February 19,
8178:. Retrieved
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8060:
8022:. Retrieved
8017:
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7955:
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7842:. Retrieved
7838:the original
7833:
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7768:
7766:WHO (2011).
7761:
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7652:
7643:
7610:
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7593:
7583:February 28,
7581:. Retrieved
7577:
7568:
7551:
7523:(7): 485–9.
7520:
7516:
7506:
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7483:
7471:. Retrieved
7467:
7458:
7426:(1): 45–52.
7423:
7419:
7409:
7399:November 11,
7397:. Retrieved
7393:
7371:November 11,
7369:. Retrieved
7365:the original
7355:
7345:November 13,
7343:. Retrieved
7339:
7330:
7320:November 11,
7318:. Retrieved
7314:
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7270:
7260:November 11,
7258:. Retrieved
7254:
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7187:
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7115:the original
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6943:February 28,
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6937:
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6918:November 14,
6916:. Retrieved
6906:
6897:
6888:
6858:(1): 25–31.
6855:
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6610:the original
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6513:
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6485:
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6254:news.ucr.edu
6253:
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6106:
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6085:. Retrieved
6081:
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6041:. Retrieved
6037:
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5979:
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5960:September 5,
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5954:
5922:
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5652:the original
5647:
5634:
5602:(2): 304–9.
5599:
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5550:the original
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5260:. Retrieved
5253:the original
5236:November 21,
5234:. Retrieved
5216:November 21,
5214:. Retrieved
5196:November 21,
5194:. Retrieved
5176:November 21,
5174:. Retrieved
5172:. p. 8A
5169:
5155:November 21,
5153:. Retrieved
5151:. p. A4
5148:
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5106:. Retrieved
5102:
5093:
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5077:
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5047:
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4716:. Retrieved
4711:
4702:
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4678:
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4656:. Retrieved
4636:
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4554:. Retrieved
4550:
4541:
4531:November 10,
4529:. Retrieved
4525:
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4495:the original
4482:1721.1/72971
4464:
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4396:
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4183:. Retrieved
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4136:
4126:
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4092:the original
4061:December 22,
4059:. Retrieved
4053:
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4031:. Retrieved
4027:the original
3996:
3986:
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3923:Medical Care
3921:
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3649:
3640:The Atlantic
3638:
3628:
3588:(1): 16–19.
3585:
3581:
3571:
3559:. Retrieved
3534:
3508:. Retrieved
3494:
3435:Medical debt
3311:
3307:
3293:
3277:
3273:
3230:Barack Obama
3216:
3204:
3193:
3179:
3177:
3166:
3162:
3139:
3123:
3098:
3091:in the U.S.
3072:
3062:October 2009
3059:
3044:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2972:
2929:
2922:
2909:colon cancer
2901:
2897:
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2879:white people
2861:
2857:tuberculosis
2824:
2815:
2807:
2790:
2765:
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2699:
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2672:
2663:hospitalists
2660:
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2614:moral hazard
2605:
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2504:risk factors
2473:
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2374:
2369:
2361:
2343:analysis of
2336:
2329:
2325:Angus Deaton
2317:
2301:
2242:
2237:PPP-adjusted
2185:
2165:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2062:
2048:
2044:Grand Rounds
2040:
2025:
2017:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1985:
1973:
1956:
1946:The federal
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1916:Barack Obama
1913:
1878:
1847:
1843:
1830:
1827:
1816:
1795:
1791:
1775:
1763:
1692:
1683:
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1622:
1610:microbiology
1591:
1578:immunologist
1554:
1551:
1538:free clinics
1535:
1527:telemedicine
1503:Surgicenters
1489:
1454:VA hospitals
1448:The federal
1447:
1436:
1421:
1411:
1384:
1381:
1349:Main pages:
1337:
1320:
1296:
1265:
1234:
1224:
1211:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1158:
1137:
1133:
1125:medical debt
1122:
1118:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1038:Managed care
1006:
988:Unlike most
987:
956:
944:
896:
868:Colonial Era
865:
860:Philadelphia
823:
811:
799:
761:
760:
741:, a hub for
615:Single-payer
514:(2007, 2009)
331:My Health LA
172:Managed care
32:
26:
18148:Switzerland
18118:South Sudan
18113:South Korea
18038:Saint Lucia
17993:Philippines
17938:North Korea
17918:New Zealand
17913:Netherlands
17718:Ivory Coast
17558:El Salvador
17303:Afghanistan
17213:Puerto Rico
17123:Saint Lucia
17073:El Salvador
16952:New Zealand
16707:End-of-life
16589:Professions
16519:Health care
16399:Immigration
16330:LGBT rights
16232:Food safety
16067:Video games
15660:Wall Street
15640:Public debt
15543:Agriculture
15479:nationalism
15191:Uniform act
15113:Legislative
15020:Territorial
14978:Coast Guard
14973:Space Force
14723:Legislative
14518:Red (South)
14508:Mississippi
14430:New England
14366:Appalachian
14336:Earthquakes
14233:Discoveries
14228:Demographic
14170:Vietnam War
14113:World War I
14108:Imperialism
14058:Indian Wars
14033:War of 1812
13685:Reid, T. R.
13318:December 1,
12973:December 1,
12636:October 27,
12602:October 27,
11884:www.who.int
11353:December 1,
11212:December 1,
11186:October 23,
11084:: 513–535.
10240:www.iii.org
10220:December 1,
9948:December 1,
9604:December 1,
9258:December 1,
9154:December 1,
8812:December 1,
8745:December 1,
8572:October 22,
8265:January 17,
7963:January 17,
7844:December 1,
7309:Wilkins T.
6973:(2): 7–21.
6616:December 1,
6382:www.cdc.gov
6139:December 1,
6103:"FastStats"
5661:October 22,
4999:December 1,
4712:www.cdc.gov
4708:"FastStats"
4629:1700–1799:
4609:1634–1699:
4098:November 6,
3938:: 144–150.
3737:: 449–458.
3539:Los Angeles
3257:, taxes on
3105:free riding
3085:West Health
2804:Oral health
2480:lung cancer
2281:Switzerland
2269:New Zealand
2143:Phabricator
1885:state level
1719:cryotherapy
1523:gynecologic
1499:urgent care
1480:orthopedics
1393:as well as
1048:Mayo Clinic
786:spends more
743:health care
595:Free market
540:(H.R. 4872)
533:(H.R. 3590)
520:(H.R. 3600)
483:(H.R. 3200)
477:(H.R. 3962)
426:Legislation
292:Connecticut
18302:Categories
18248:Uzbekistan
18168:Tajikistan
18073:Seychelles
18053:San Marino
17888:Mozambique
17878:Montenegro
17848:Mauritania
17813:Madagascar
17808:Luxembourg
17763:Kyrgyzstan
17738:Kazakhstan
17543:East Timor
17493:Costa Rica
17458:Cape Verde
17368:Bangladesh
17353:Azerbaijan
17208:Montserrat
17203:Martinique
17198:Guadeloupe
17053:Costa Rica
16919:By country
16783:Technology
16722:Palliative
16550:Philosophy
16540:Guidelines
16433:Xenophobia
16222:Disability
16163:Healthcare
16072:Visual art
16017:Philosophy
15963:television
15953:newspapers
15943:journalism
15933:Literature
15845:attainment
15496:Republican
15491:Democratic
15464:Ideologies
15425:Corruption
14990:NOAA Corps
14913:preemption
14908:federalism
14523:Rio Grande
14425:Midwestern
14405:West Coast
14400:East Coast
14243:Inventions
14155:Space Race
14150:Korean War
14133:home front
14068:Gilded Age
13527:August 22,
13466:0745632254
12760:The Lancet
11976:: e42936.
11347:Nypost.com
10377:(Report).
9707:August 27,
9046:(4): e66.
8689:Roser, Max
8434:Herper M.
7290:(2): 127.
6764:The Agenda
6362:August 24,
6336:August 15,
6233:August 15,
6205:August 15,
6155:Case, Anne
5931:World Bank
5103:census.gov
5083:August 13,
4137:freopp.org
3487:References
3181:The Lancet
2956:See also:
2777:disability
2769:US economy
2756:See also:
2631:California
2492:depression
2465:Efficiency
2388:Stan Brock
2295:, and the
2283:, and the
2035:See also:
1783:C-sections
1711:homeopathy
1345:Facilities
1273:See also:
1261:disability
1097:by state.
1024:, and the
994:group plan
925:Statistics
655:Capitation
469:Superseded
340:(Maryland)
18263:Venezuela
18128:Sri Lanka
18083:Singapore
17968:Palestine
17923:Nicaragua
17853:Mauritius
17803:Lithuania
17688:Indonesia
17643:Guatemala
17343:Australia
17333:Argentina
17193:Greenland
17108:Nicaragua
17083:Guatemala
16947:Australia
16768:Education
16763:Diagnosis
16616:Dentistry
16560:Providers
16535:Equipment
16530:Economics
16416:Terrorism
16193:Rationing
16090:Affluence
16037:Sexuality
16005:Uncle Sam
15911:Languages
15840:Education
15783:affluence
15743:Americana
15670:Transport
15568:Insurance
15558:Companies
15538:By sector
15430:Elections
15071:Treasurer
15029:Executive
14968:Air Force
14940:Uniformed
14763:President
14580:Executive
14351:Mountains
14284:Territory
14272:Geography
14096:1954–1968
14091:1896–1954
14086:1865–1896
14048:Civil War
13889:1991–2008
13884:1980–1991
13879:1964–1980
13874:1945–1964
13869:1917–1945
13864:1865–1917
13859:1849–1865
13854:1815–1849
13849:1789–1815
13844:1776–1789
13837:By period
13747:from the
13738:from the
13385:0090-0036
13187:0362-4331
12968:Bcbsm.com
12799:211105345
12459:2008-2231
12443:(1): 13.
12370:P & T
12249:225500668
12241:0034-6764
12159:April 14,
12018:256681439
11992:2817-1705
11889:April 27,
11864:April 27,
11733:2574-3805
11308:1075-2730
11269:853283904
11059:240422102
11033:1943-3670
10902:2168-622X
9401:0884-8734
8486:1469-493X
8314:1556-5068
7893:206411788
7230:0190-8286
7196:0013-0613
7150:(9): 23.
5827:April 22,
5758:Max Roser
5741:205110579
5524:2332-3493
5450:: 72–86.
5170:USA Today
4491:232213290
4288:0033-3549
4231:1478-4491
4215:(1): 72.
4142:April 27,
4015:0362-4331
4007:1553-8095
3952:0025-7079
3877:1945-7359
3814:0090-0036
3800:: 27–31.
3751:2196-8837
3602:0090-0036
3227:President
3175:of 1973.
3054:talk page
2875:Hispanics
2474:In 2010,
2321:Anne Case
2249:Australia
2169:newborns.
2103:rationing
1893:licensure
1519:obstetric
1515:dysplasia
1491:Hospitals
1452:operates
1334:Providers
1288:Cleveland
1251:disease,
1056:Minnesota
1052:Rochester
903:insurance
891:Manhattan
751:hospitals
632:Universal
572:Rationing
489:(S. 1796)
431:Preceding
18288:Zimbabwe
18178:Thailand
18173:Tanzania
18138:Suriname
18093:Slovenia
18088:Slovakia
18003:Portugal
17983:Paraguay
17958:Pakistan
17873:Mongolia
17828:Maldives
17823:Malaysia
17748:Kiribati
17668:Honduras
17583:Ethiopia
17578:Eswatini
17533:Dominica
17528:Djibouti
17483:Colombia
17448:Cameroon
17443:Cambodia
17428:Bulgaria
17413:Botswana
17373:Barbados
17158:Anguilla
17093:Honduras
17063:Dominica
17038:Barbados
16974:Category
16652:Hospital
16635:Settings
16606:Pharmacy
16596:Medicine
16545:Industry
16472:Category
16168:Abortion
16032:Religion
15990:Columbia
15948:internet
15884:Holidays
15879:Folklore
15850:literacy
15788:eviction
15678:Aviation
15650:Taxation
15605:Currency
15598:by state
15508:Scandals
15378:Township
15136:Judicial
15037:Governor
14800:Judicial
14686:Marshals
14559:Politics
14513:Missouri
14503:Columbia
14498:Colorado
14493:Arkansas
14486:Longest
14465:Southern
14450:Northern
14294:counties
14248:Military
14238:Economic
14216:By topic
14195:Iraq War
14145:Cold War
13903:By event
13766:Archived
13687:(2009).
13663:(1982).
13634:11611756
13403:26890186
13295:10846509
13212:BBC News
13160:15055833
13119:26219054
13075:21267047
13019:April 7,
12925:Archived
12828:June 22,
12791:32061298
12738:June 21,
12656:Archived
12561:Archived
12477:27141958
12392:22346300
12289:Archived
12200:15451969
12083:18450601
12010:38875587
12001:11041459
11834:Archived
11751:36656582
11694:11637921
11477:June 11,
11391:Archived
11373:. 2015.
11316:16339626
11231:Archived
11159:26957659
11110:31900100
11051:34726790
10974:July 29,
10920:25588123
10863:35612873
10818:July 30,
10792:July 30,
10677:16284028
10636:19194339
10587:19194339
10538:30739511
10489:16284038
10358:Archived
10330:Archived
10305:12930930
10245:June 24,
10189:Archived
10149:Archived
10113:Archived
10091:Archived
10054:Archived
10036:Archived
9985:18282806
9921:17356028
9863:19453392
9758:19762659
9657:: 21–26.
9630:July 29,
9539:(NVSS).
9508:Archived
9419:31250366
9362:22331982
9280:Archived
9214:18639491
9131:18478119
9091:PLOS ONE
9072:18433290
8988:April 3,
8888:June 17,
8673:June 13,
8504:30188566
8392:Archived
8373:Archived
8354:Archived
8236:19207590
8049:Archived
8024:June 28,
7997:Archived
7937:28679807
7885:29039720
7753:25165806
7704:Archived
7688:29536081
7627:29536101
7539:19258549
7498:Archived
7473:March 6,
7450:23297270
7124:June 20,
7083:Statista
7032:series.
6880:20380812
6872:16020996
6835:March 8,
6812:25122562
6719:29881758
6693:(3): 9.
6521:June 15,
6515:The Hill
6493:June 15,
6487:VCU News
6403:March 3,
6398:54466506
6310:37067817
6301:10111231
6259:June 23,
6198:NBC News
6161:(2021).
5912:June 22,
5886:23842577
5733:25337745
5698:15956055
5626:22948931
5556:June 22,
5532:53488456
5474:28319791
5414:28636831
5358:13654086
5350:28402825
5310:27385233
4948:July 12,
4921:26794173
4769:15149482
4687:25506966
4634:(1992).
4614:(1997).
4501:July 23,
4442:30393803
4306:21337938
4249:33076923
4179:Archived
4033:July 18,
3978:46125799
3970:23222499
3903:31669071
3895:19663748
3832:31725313
3769:29869005
3708:29893224
3620:12511377
3555:Archived
3553:. 2023.
3321:See also
3255:brackets
3238:Medicaid
3110:Medicare
3093:Medicare
2892:HIV/AIDS
2313:CT scans
1883:and the
1777:include
1734:Spending
1618:genetics
1576:leading
1476:oncology
1327:COVID-19
1304:Suicides
1175:and the
1173:suicides
1014:Medicaid
1010:Medicare
795:Medicare
791:Medicaid
627:Two-tier
494:Proposed
390:a series
288:SustiNet
75:(MHS) /
65:Medicare
59:Medicaid
18268:Vietnam
18253:Vanuatu
18243:Uruguay
18223:Ukraine
18198:Tunisia
18103:Somalia
18063:Senegal
18018:Romania
17933:Nigeria
17898:Namibia
17893:Myanmar
17883:Morocco
17863:Moldova
17788:Liberia
17783:Lesotho
17778:Lebanon
17723:Jamaica
17703:Ireland
17678:Iceland
17673:Hungary
17638:Grenada
17623:Germany
17618:Georgia
17598:Finland
17573:Estonia
17568:Eritrea
17548:Ecuador
17523:Denmark
17498:Croatia
17488:Comoros
17438:Burundi
17403:Bolivia
17383:Belgium
17378:Belarus
17363:Bahrain
17358:Bahamas
17348:Austria
17338:Armenia
17318:Andorra
17313:Algeria
17308:Albania
17188:Curaçao
17173:Bonaire
17168:Bermuda
17098:Jamaica
17078:Grenada
17033:Bahamas
16816:mHealth
16727:Primary
16712:Hospice
16702:Chronic
16601:Nursing
16570:Ranking
16456:Outline
16404:illegal
16389:Smoking
16252:Obesity
16135:Poverty
16057:Theater
16047:Society
15901:Housing
15862:Fashion
15818:poverty
15763:Cuisine
15735:Culture
15722:Society
15683:Driving
15610:Exports
15588:Tourism
15548:Banking
15526:Economy
15486:Parties
15330:Charter
15294:Sheriff
14741:Speaker
14609:Cabinet
14572:Federal
14480:Western
14445:Eastern
14440:Central
14435:Pacific
14395:Regions
14346:Islands
13829:History
13661:Starr P
13626:2701830
13394:4816078
13286:1446276
13244:May 23,
13138:Inquiry
12782:8572548
12693:5113728
12523:May 10,
12501:May 10,
12468:4855755
12383:3278148
11970:JMIR AI
11950:May 10,
11914:May 10,
11801:2182918
11742:9857687
11686:3695664
11662:Diehr P
11647:2729474
11638:1349641
11598:3288159
11563:6332513
11528:9641943
11519:1113412
11206:Kff.org
11150:4765973
11101:7125002
11042:9542004
10995:YouTube
10911:4505620
10760:apa.org
10627:2763425
10578:2763425
10529:6376502
10356:, 2003
10313:2313231
9942:Cdc.gov
9854:2739025
9749:2775760
9679:May 23,
9514:May 19,
9479:July 2,
9410:6712188
9253:Who.int
9122:2367434
9099:Bibcode
9063:2323303
8983:Reuters
8740:Cdc.gov
8650:8090168
8588:"About"
8531:HHS.gov
8495:6513271
8445:May 26,
8227:2677050
8075:May 26,
7635:4293977
7578:NPR.org
7441:3644505
6769:May 24,
6743:May 22,
6710:5983023
6666:May 17,
6641:May 17,
6133:Npr.org
6107:cdc.gov
5877:5436627
5617:3614143
5482:3759121
5422:2653858
4994:Cdc.gov
4974:May 26,
4968:FEDweek
4912:4880216
4760:1361028
4297:3001811
4240:7572238
4023:1645522
3961:3552105
3886:6628721
3849:(ed.).
3823:6893335
3760:8224540
3699:5986687
3611:1447684
3561:May 12,
3510:May 29,
2553:Clinton
2500:anxiety
2414:. From
2261:Germany
2164:uses a
2145:and on
2050:care".
1881:federal
1806:highest
1723:cupping
1531:Teladoc
1507:Hospice
1308:poverty
1235:A 2013
1196:writer
1193:Parents
1159:The US
1022:Tricare
909:, as a
836:History
589:Systems
551:Reforms
411:History
77:Tricare
49:(FEHBP)
18283:Zambia
18218:Uganda
18213:Tuvalu
18203:Turkey
18163:Taiwan
18143:Sweden
18068:Serbia
18028:Rwanda
18023:Russia
17998:Poland
17973:Panama
17948:Norway
17868:Monaco
17858:Mexico
17818:Malawi
17773:Latvia
17758:Kuwait
17753:Kosovo
17733:Jordan
17708:Israel
17658:Guyana
17648:Guinea
17633:Greece
17613:Gambia
17603:France
17508:Cyprus
17453:Canada
17423:Brunei
17418:Brazil
17398:Bhutan
17388:Belize
17323:Angola
17113:Panama
17103:Mexico
17048:Canada
17043:Belize
16942:Canada
16647:Clinic
16580:System
16575:Reform
16565:Public
16555:Policy
16477:Portal
16384:Hunger
16335:racism
16276:Issues
16150:Health
16052:Sports
16012:People
15857:Family
15828:wealth
15753:Cinema
15578:Mining
15563:Energy
15308:Cities
15276:County
15210:Tribal
14748:Senate
14592:powers
14488:rivers
14361:ranges
14329:states
14253:Postal
13784:Curlie
13706:Online
13697:
13673:
13649:
13632:
13624:
13584:
13513:
13482:
13463:
13401:
13391:
13383:
13293:
13283:
13185:
13158:
13117:
13073:
12903:. CNN.
12884:May 4,
12854:May 4,
12797:
12789:
12779:
12691:
12475:
12465:
12457:
12416:May 4,
12390:
12380:
12316:May 4,
12247:
12239:
12198:
12081:
12016:
12008:
11998:
11990:
11941:
11799:
11749:
11739:
11731:
11692:
11684:
11645:
11635:
11596:
11561:
11526:
11516:
11314:
11306:
11267:
11257:
11157:
11147:
11108:
11098:
11057:
11049:
11039:
11031:
10918:
10908:
10900:
10861:
10675:
10634:
10624:
10585:
10575:
10536:
10526:
10487:
10403:May 4,
10340:, 2005
10311:
10303:
10104:
9983:
9919:
9861:
9851:
9756:
9746:
9417:
9407:
9399:
9360:
9212:
9129:
9119:
9070:
9060:
9017:
8943:
8832:Data.
8648:
8502:
8492:
8484:
8440:Forbes
8312:
8260:Forbes
8234:
8224:
8176:: 1–32
7935:
7891:
7883:
7776:
7751:
7686:
7633:
7625:
7537:
7448:
7438:
7228:
7194:
6878:
6870:
6810:
6717:
6707:
6468:China.
6396:
6308:
6298:
6175:
5985:May 5,
5933:Data.
5884:
5874:
5739:
5731:
5696:
5624:
5614:
5530:
5522:
5480:
5472:
5420:
5412:
5356:
5348:
5330:Lancet
5308:
5026:
4919:
4909:
4799:
4767:
4757:
4685:
4489:
4440:
4403:
4304:
4294:
4286:
4247:
4237:
4229:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3976:
3968:
3958:
3950:
3901:
3893:
3883:
3875:
3830:
3820:
3812:
3767:
3757:
3749:
3706:
3696:
3678:Lancet
3618:
3608:
3600:
2873:, and
2760:, and
2739:Equity
2731:and a
2484:stroke
2351:, and
2277:Sweden
2273:Norway
2257:France
2253:Canada
2121:
1868:, and
1725:, and
1513:, and
1482:, and
1112:
1106:
1100:
1016:, the
768:, and
502:(2017)
464:(2005)
458:(2003)
452:(1996)
446:(1986)
444:EMTALA
416:Debate
251:(2010)
245:(2009)
239:(2005)
233:(2003)
227:(1996)
221:(1986)
174:(CCP)
138:(HDHP)
132:(HSA)
90:(PACE)
84:(CHIP)
18278:Yemen
18188:Tonga
18153:Syria
18133:Sudan
18123:Spain
18048:Samoa
18008:Qatar
17963:Palau
17928:Niger
17908:Nepal
17903:Nauru
17838:Malta
17793:Libya
17743:Kenya
17728:Japan
17713:Italy
17683:India
17663:Haiti
17628:Ghana
17608:Gabon
17553:Egypt
17478:China
17473:Chile
17393:Benin
17163:Aruba
17088:Haiti
16737:Total
16697:Acute
16463:Index
16288:Crime
16158:Aging
15975:Names
15970:Music
15958:radio
15938:Media
15768:Dance
15758:Crime
15593:Trade
15350:Mayor
15299:Clerk
15267:Local
15009:State
14528:Yukon
14371:Rocky
14356:peaks
13622:JSTOR
13093:(PDF)
12795:S2CID
12245:S2CID
12150:(PDF)
12118:30294
12014:S2CID
11690:S2CID
11176:(PDF)
11055:S2CID
10444:(PDF)
10309:S2CID
10264:(PDF)
9938:(PDF)
9473:(PDF)
9466:(PDF)
9336:(PDF)
9249:(PDF)
9188:(PDF)
9176:WebMD
8736:(PDF)
8609:(PDF)
8566:(PDF)
8555:(PDF)
8166:(PDF)
8070:(PDF)
7911:(PDF)
7889:S2CID
7631:S2CID
7603:(PDF)
7560:(PDF)
7394:NCCIH
7280:(PDF)
7118:(PDF)
7111:PHRMA
7107:(PDF)
7053:(PDF)
7046:(PDF)
6963:(PDF)
6876:S2CID
6687:eGEMs
6588:(PDF)
6581:(PDF)
6394:S2CID
6034:(PDF)
5852:(PDF)
5737:S2CID
5655:(PDF)
5644:(PDF)
5528:S2CID
5500:(PDF)
5478:S2CID
5440:(PDF)
5418:S2CID
5354:S2CID
5284:(PDF)
5256:(PDF)
5249:(PDF)
5230:(PDF)
5210:(PDF)
5190:(PDF)
5130:(PDF)
4641:(PDF)
4621:(PDF)
4487:S2CID
4438:S2CID
4088:EFPIA
4003:eISSN
3974:S2CID
3930:(2).
3899:S2CID
3796:(1).
3733:(3).
1707:herbs
1368:Miami
1245:heart
462:PSQIA
450:HIPAA
272:Maine
192:(PPO)
186:(HMO)
180:(EPO)
144:(MSA)
126:(HRA)
120:(FSA)
96:(VHA)
55:(IHS)
18183:Togo
17988:Peru
17953:Oman
17833:Mali
17768:Laos
17698:Iraq
17693:Iran
17593:Fiji
17503:Cuba
17468:Chad
17233:Saba
17058:Cuba
16848:and
16732:Self
16690:Care
16027:Race
15872:list
15867:Flag
15406:list
15250:list
15161:list
15101:list
15054:list
15042:list
15018:and
14963:Navy
14953:Army
14823:list
14535:Time
14415:Gulf
13695:ISBN
13671:ISBN
13647:ISBN
13630:PMID
13582:ISBN
13529:2010
13511:ISBN
13480:ISBN
13461:ISBN
13428:2016
13399:PMID
13381:ISSN
13346:2016
13320:2016
13291:PMID
13246:2023
13220:2018
13194:2018
13183:ISSN
13156:PMID
13115:PMID
13097:JAMA
13071:PMID
13021:2010
12975:2016
12886:2010
12856:2010
12830:2022
12787:PMID
12740:2006
12689:PMID
12638:2007
12623:The
12604:2007
12570:and
12544:and
12525:2024
12503:2024
12473:PMID
12455:ISSN
12418:2010
12388:PMID
12318:2010
12271:2023
12237:ISSN
12196:PMID
12161:2007
12101:Oyez
12079:PMID
12006:PMID
11988:ISSN
11952:2024
11939:ISBN
11916:2024
11891:2023
11866:2023
11840:The
11797:PMID
11781:JAMA
11747:PMID
11729:ISSN
11682:PMID
11643:PMID
11594:PMID
11559:PMID
11524:PMID
11479:2010
11355:2016
11312:PMID
11304:ISSN
11265:OCLC
11255:ISBN
11214:2016
11188:2022
11155:PMID
11106:PMID
11047:PMID
11029:ISSN
10976:2009
10950:2023
10916:PMID
10898:ISSN
10859:PMID
10840:JAMA
10820:2008
10794:2008
10772:2018
10742:2018
10703:2019
10673:PMID
10632:PMID
10583:PMID
10534:PMID
10485:PMID
10405:2010
10301:PMID
10247:2019
10222:2016
10102:ISBN
9981:PMID
9950:2016
9917:PMID
9899:JAMA
9859:PMID
9785:2012
9754:PMID
9709:2013
9681:2022
9632:2012
9606:2016
9516:2019
9481:2015
9415:PMID
9397:ISSN
9358:PMID
9260:2016
9221:Cuba
9210:PMID
9156:2016
9127:PMID
9068:PMID
9015:ISBN
8990:2012
8941:ISBN
8920:2018
8890:2014
8830:OECD
8814:2016
8747:2016
8675:2019
8646:PMID
8574:2017
8500:PMID
8482:ISSN
8470:2018
8447:2017
8421:2015
8310:ISSN
8267:2014
8232:PMID
8182:2014
8077:2019
8026:2007
7965:2016
7933:PMID
7881:PMID
7846:2016
7774:ISBN
7749:PMID
7684:PMID
7668:JAMA
7653:WBUR
7623:PMID
7607:JAMA
7585:2018
7535:PMID
7475:2020
7446:PMID
7401:2019
7373:2019
7347:2020
7322:2019
7262:2019
7237:2019
7226:ISSN
7203:2019
7192:ISSN
7126:2009
7090:2018
7020:2023
6945:2018
6920:2022
6868:PMID
6837:2021
6808:PMID
6771:2019
6745:2019
6737:STAT
6715:PMID
6668:2019
6643:2019
6618:2016
6563:2018
6523:2023
6495:2023
6463:2023
6433:2022
6405:2022
6364:2023
6338:2023
6306:PMID
6261:2023
6235:2023
6207:2023
6173:ISBN
6141:2016
6115:2018
6089:2017
6045:2017
6012:2017
5987:2015
5962:2017
5914:2023
5882:PMID
5856:JAMA
5829:2017
5794:2012
5766:here
5729:PMID
5694:PMID
5663:2017
5622:PMID
5558:2009
5520:ISSN
5470:PMID
5410:PMID
5346:PMID
5306:PMID
5264:2010
5238:2010
5218:2010
5198:2010
5178:2010
5157:2010
5110:2018
5085:2019
5056:2018
5024:ISBN
5001:2016
4976:2017
4950:2016
4917:PMID
4872:2018
4797:ISBN
4765:PMID
4720:2019
4694:2019
4683:PMID
4660:2024
4558:2019
4533:2019
4503:2017
4401:ISBN
4302:PMID
4284:ISSN
4245:PMID
4227:ISSN
4187:2009
4144:2023
4100:2016
4063:2013
4035:2022
4019:OCLC
4011:ISSN
3966:PMID
3948:ISSN
3891:PMID
3873:ISSN
3828:PMID
3810:ISSN
3765:PMID
3747:ISSN
3704:PMID
3616:PMID
3598:ISSN
3563:2023
3541:and
3512:2024
3217:The
3195:PNAS
3157:and
3080:OECD
2973:The
2890:and
2841:and
2588:JAMA
2575:OECD
2456:and
2454:OECD
2441:and
2439:FMEA
2323:and
2311:and
2297:OECD
1986:The
1742:and
1651:and
1623:The
1521:and
1497:and
1353:and
1292:Ohio
1249:lung
1247:and
1165:OECD
1079:The
1032:for
974:and
807:race
793:and
745:and
15926:ASL
15173:Law
14878:Law
14696:TSA
14681:ICE
14676:FBI
14671:DEA
14661:CBP
14656:ATF
13977:War
13782:at
13758:WHO
13749:HHS
13740:CDC
13614:doi
13389:PMC
13373:doi
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