U.S. state - Knowledge

2139:, the Court expanded federal power to regulate the economy by holding that federal authority under the commerce clause extends to activities which may appear to be local in nature but in reality effect the entire national economy and are therefore of national concern. For example, Congress can regulate railway traffic across state lines, but it may also regulate rail traffic solely within a state, based on the reality that intrastate traffic still affects interstate commerce. Through such decisions, argues law professor David F. Forte, "the Court turned the commerce power into the equivalent of a general regulatory power and undid the Framers' original structure of limited and delegated powers." Subsequently, Congress invoked the Commerce Clause to expand federal criminal legislation, as well as for social reforms such as the 1194: 10278: 2327: 2847:, which states that the Constitution intends to "form a more perfect union", and speaks of the people of the United States a single body politic who are the authors of the more perfect union ("We the people"), the Supreme Court found that states did not have a right to secede. The court's reference in the same decision to the possibility of such changes occurring "through revolution, or through consent of the States", essentially means that this decision holds that no state has a right to unilaterally decide to leave the Union. 2410: 71: 552: 2043: 2862: 10290: 942: 851: 1515: 695: 1046: 799: 864: 955: 929: 916: 734: 513: 9839: 825: 1033: 812: 487: 656: 968: 721: 1059: 9859: 747: 500: 1020: 890: 838: 773: 708: 682: 643: 591: 526: 474: 1072: 1007: 760: 604: 539: 461: 435: 448: 565: 903: 786: 630: 669: 578: 981: 994: 877: 617: 9849: 10254: 2943:. Their western boundaries were subsequently modified as the states ceded their western land claims to the Federal government during the 1780s and 1790s. Many state borders beyond those of the original 13 were set by Congress as it created territories, divided them, and over time, created states within them. Territorial and new state lines often followed various geographic features (such as 1912:. Local governments within them are created by and exist by virtue of state law, and local governments within each state are subject to the central authority of that particular state. State governments commonly delegate some authority to local units and channel policy decisions down to them for implementation. In a few states, local units of government are permitted a degree of 10266: 1803:, each of which has approximately the same population. Some states, such as Maryland and Vermont, divide the state into single- and multi-member districts. In this case, multi-member districts must have proportionately larger populations, e.g., a district electing two representatives must have approximately twice the population of a district electing just one. The 2035:. This guarantee has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis-à-vis the government. States are also guaranteed protection from invasion, and, upon the application of the state legislature (or executive, if the legislature cannot be convened), from domestic violence. This provision was discussed during the 365:, have generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, although all of these now have significant federal funding and regulation as well. Over time, the Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and 2464:

to write a state constitution as a step toward admission to the Union. Each act details the mechanism by which the territory will be admitted as a state following ratification of their constitution and election of state officers. Although the use of an enabling act is a traditional historic practice,

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which says that each State has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another State's domestic affairs, and that each State (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law. Additionally, the 50

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There have been numerous other minor adjustments to state boundaries over the years due to improved surveys, resolution of ambiguous or disputed boundary definitions, or minor mutually agreed boundary adjustments for administrative convenience or other purposes. Occasionally, either Congress or the

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State court systems exercise broad, plenary, and general jurisdiction, in contrast to the federal courts, which are courts of limited jurisdiction. The overwhelming majority of criminal and civil cases in the United States are heard in state courts. Each year, roughly 30 million new cases are filed

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with the purpose of responding to, and comply with, the democratic will of the United States citizens residing in Puerto Rico as expressed in the plebiscites held on November 6, 2012, and June 11, 2017, by setting forth the terms for the admission of the territory of Puerto Rico as a state of the

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While the Constitution does set parameters for the election of federal officials, state law, not federal, regulates most aspects of elections in the U.S., including primaries, the eligibility of voters (beyond the basic constitutional definition), the running of each state's electoral college, as

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The primary responsibilities of state legislatures are to enact state laws and appropriate money for the administration of public policy. In all states, if the governor vetoes a bill (or a portion of one), it can still become law if the legislature overrides the veto (repasses the bill), which in

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The full faith and credit expectation does have exceptions, some legal arrangements, such as professional licensure and marriages, may be state-specific, and until recently states have not been found by the courts to be required to honor such arrangements from other states. Such legal acts are

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A municipal corporation possesses and can exercise the following powers and no others: First, those granted in express words; second, those necessarily implied or necessarily incident to the powers expressly granted; third, those absolutely essential to the declared objects and purposes of the

2676:, and as "Estado Libre Asociado" (literally, Associated Free State) in the Spanish version. As with all U.S. territories, its residents do not have full representation in the United States Congress. Puerto Rico has limited representation in the U.S. House of Representatives in the form of a 2421:

to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states. Article IV also forbids the creation of new states from parts of existing states without the consent of both the affected states and Congress. This caveat was designed to give Eastern states that still had

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As prescribed by Article I of the Constitution, which establishes the U.S. Congress, each state is represented in the Senate (irrespective of population size) by two senators, and each is guaranteed at least one representative in the House. Both senators and representatives are chosen in

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Only a few states choose to have the judges on the state's courts serve for life terms. In most states, the judges, including the justices of the highest court in the state, are either elected or appointed for terms of a limited number of years and are usually eligible for re-election or

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States may be grouped in regions; there are many variations and possible groupings. Many are defined in law or regulations by the federal government. For example, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau region definition

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a number of territories have drafted constitutions for submission to Congress absent an enabling act and were subsequently admitted. Upon acceptance of that constitution and meeting any additional congressional stipulations, Congress has always admitted that territory as a state.

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in each chamber. In 49 of the 50 states the legislature consists of two chambers: a lower house (variously called the House of Representatives, State Assembly, General Assembly or House of Delegates) and a smaller upper house, in all states called the Senate. The exception is the

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A non-binding referendum on statehood, independence, or a new option for an associated territory (different from the current status) was held on November 6, 2012. Sixty one percent (61%) of voters chose the statehood option, while one third of the ballots were submitted blank.

1576:, that is, the right to generally make all necessary laws for the welfare of its people. As a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance. No two state governments are identical. 1584:

The government of each state is structured in accordance with its individual constitution, all of which are written constitutions. Many of these documents are more detailed and more elaborated than their federal counterpart. For example, before its revision in 2022, the

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In addition to the original 13, six subsequent states were never an organized territory of the federal government, or part of one, before being admitted to the Union. Three were set off from an already existing state, two entered the Union after having been

2814:." The question of whether or not individual states held the unilateral right to secession was a passionately debated feature of the nations' political discourse from early in its history and remained a difficult and divisive topic until the 1136:

in form, and separated power among three branches, most had bicameral legislatures, and contained statements, or a bill, of rights. Later, from 1787 to 1790, each of the states also ratified a new federal frame of government in the

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was held on June 11, 2017, in which 97% percent of voters chose statehood. Turnout was low, as only 23% of voters went to the polls, with advocates of both continued territorial status and independence urging voters to boycott it.

9661: 3077:) is "widely used ... for data collection and analysis," and is the most commonly used classification system. Other multi-state regions are unofficial, and defined by geography or cultural affinity rather than by state lines. 2308:

U.S. states do not possess international legal sovereignty, meaning that they are not recognized by other sovereign States such as, for example, France, Germany or the United Kingdom. The federal government is responsible for

5401: 9632: 2967:) became institutionalized as the borders of U.S. states. In the West, relatively arbitrary straight lines following latitude and longitude often prevail due to the sparseness of settlement west of the Mississippi River. 3023:

is admitted by Congress as a state of the Union, the state must consent to any changes pertaining to the jurisdiction of that state and Congress. The only potential violation of this occurred when the legislature of

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enforced by Congress) deemed appropriate by its people, and to exercise all powers of government not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution. A state, unlike the federal government, has un-enumerated

1733:, they may be held. In all states, the legislatures can remove state executive branch officials, including governors, who have committed serious abuses of their power from office. The process of doing so includes 3433: 1818:

In 2013, there were a total of 7,383 legislators in the 50 state legislative bodies. They earned from $ 0 annually (New Mexico) to $ 90,526 (California). There were various per diem and mileage compensation.

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The strong majority of residents of the District support statehood of some form for that jurisdiction – either statehood for the whole district or for the inhabited part, with the remainder remaining under

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called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either—as determined by Congress—the legislatures of three-quarters of the states or

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Congress is under no obligation to admit states, even in those areas whose population expresses a desire for statehood. Such has been the case numerous times during the nation's history. In one instance,

2092:. The Constitution delegates some powers to the national government, and it forbids some powers to the states. The Tenth Amendment reserves all other powers to the states, or to the people. Powers of the 1132:, among the earliest written constitutions in the world. Although different in detail, these state constitutions shared features that would be important in the American constitutional order: they were 8851: 2994:

in 1847). In 1850, Texas ceded a large swath of land to the federal government. Additionally, Massachusetts and Virginia (on two occasions), have lost land, in each instance to form a new state.

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in three-quarters of the states. The vote in each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union.

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well as the running of state and local elections. All elections—federal, state, and local—are administered by the individual states, and some voting rules and procedures may differ among them.

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in state courts and the total number of judges across all state courts is about 30,000—for comparison, 1 million new cases are filed each year in federal courts, which have about 1,700 judges.

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or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, and states also create other

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corporation—not simply convenient but indispensable; fourth, any fair doubt as to the existence of power is resolved by the courts against the corporation—against the existence of the powers.

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to respond to the referendum of the people of Puerto Rico, held on November 6, 2012, to end its current form of territorial status and to begin the process to admit Puerto Rico as a state.

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to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of most contracts and criminal judgments, and before 1865, slavery status. Under the

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funds, Congress has been able to pressure state legislatures to pass various laws. An example is the nationwide legal drinking age of 21, enacted by each state, brought about by the

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or mountain range peaks), and were influenced by settlement or transportation patterns. At various times, national borders with territories formerly controlled by other countries (

2268:. Each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the total number of representatives and senators from that state; the District of Columbia is entitled to three electors. 9607: 9439: 9040: 3761: 2756:

was that the United States capital should be at a neutral site, not giving favor to any existing state; as a result, the District of Columbia was created in 1800 to serve as the

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Article IV also grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from

9121: 2681: 1308: 5587: 9612: 9454: 8913: 7383: 8933: 5592: 2105: 9471: 9116: 8898: 5193: 1795:(1964), the U.S. Supreme Court held that all states are required to elect their legislatures in such a way as to afford each citizen the same degree of representation (the 9644: 8861: 8846: 3906: 2101: 4558: 1567:

Consequently, each of the 50 states reserves the right to organize its individual government in any way (within the broad parameters set by the U.S. Constitution and the

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bills passed by the state legislature, as well as recommend and work for the passage of bills, usually supported by their political party. In 44 states, governors have

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were both incorporated into the new state of Oklahoma in 1907. The first instance occurred while the nation still operated under the Articles of Confederation. The

2174:. Although some objected that this infringes on states' rights, the Supreme Court upheld the practice as a permissible use of the Constitution's Spending Clause in 10315: 9371: 9207: 9090: 9060: 4722: 2769: 3997: 2587:

existed for several years, not long after the end of the American Revolution, but was never recognized by the Confederation Congress, which ultimately recognized

9459: 9376: 8938: 7790: 6670: 3821: 2591:'s claim of sovereignty over the area. The territory comprising Franklin later became part of the Southwest Territory, and ultimately of the state of Tennessee. 2438: 2123:

says, "On the whole, especially after the mid-1880s, the Court construed the Commerce Clause in favor of increased federal power." In 1941, the Supreme Court in

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requested annexation to the United States in 1837, but fears about potential conflict with Mexico delayed the admission of Texas for nine years. Statehood for

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Among the Article I enumerated powers of Congress is the power to regulate commerce. Since the early 20th century, the Supreme Court's interpretation of this "

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of office. The constitutions of 19 states allow for citizens to remove and replace an elected public official before the end of their term of office through a

1593:. In practice, each state has adopted a three-branch frame of government: executive, legislative, and judicial (even though doing so has never been required). 1536: 10100: 9814: 9804: 9502: 9444: 9305: 9202: 9016: 8856: 7566: 7133: 7023: 4061: 3563: 2331: 2180: 2453:(1787), which predates the ratification of the Constitution. In some cases, an entire territory has become a state; in others some part of a territory has. 8923: 8881: 8622: 6901: 5247: 3181: 2579:

in 1905, as a means to retain control of their lands. The proposed constitution ultimately failed in the U.S. Congress. Instead, the Indian Territory and

1978:, agreements between two or more states. Compacts are frequently used to manage a shared resource, such as transportation infrastructure or water rights. 9649: 9639: 9512: 9055: 8810: 8710: 8544: 6938: 5650: 2257: 1596:

Early in American history, four state governments differentiated themselves from the others in their first constitutions by choosing to self-identify as

1201: 415: 9769: 318:. Each state is also entitled to select a number of electors (equal to the total number of representatives and senators from that state) to vote in the 10310: 9322: 9278: 8943: 7478: 7336: 2059: 3628: 10325: 10035: 9675: 9595: 9522: 8966: 8908: 8891: 7040: 6827: 6047: 5092: 3722: 2089: 1561: 1529: 5440: 3466: 2474: 1929:

Each state defines for itself what powers it will allow local governments. Generally, four categories of power may be given to local jurisdictions:

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people located there who have fled charges of "treason, felony, or other crimes" in another state if the other state so demands. The principle of

373:, which concerns the extent and nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals. 9212: 8976: 7880: 7840: 6176: 5627: 2785: 2665: 1573: 335: 4532: 10144: 9727: 9702: 9161: 8928: 7688: 6606: 6093: 5220: 4654: 4531:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. February 2018. p. 6. Archived from 2275: 1982: 1362: 9779: 10090: 9819: 9476: 9283: 9146: 9080: 9023: 8841: 8497: 7902: 7138: 6345: 3518: 2461: 2434:

an existing state or states in order that a region within might either join another state or to create a new state has come before Congress.

1974:(1845), that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality. With the consent of Congress, states may enter into 1449: 3121: 2822:(CSA). Following the defeat of Confederate forces by Union armies in 1865, those states were brought back into the Union during the ensuing 2622:

factions. West Virginia's bid for statehood was also delayed over slavery and was settled when it agreed to adopt a gradual abolition plan.

9895: 9852: 9656: 9553: 9295: 9075: 7520: 7117: 6933: 6874: 6457: 6415: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 4627: 4027: 1884:(with substantial statutory changes and incorporation of certain civil law innovations), with the notable exception of Louisiana, a former 1702:. In these states, executive power is distributed amongst other officials, elected by the people independently of the governor—such as the 1396: 3847: 1556:

Under U.S. constitutional law, the 50 individual states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions. The states are

10105: 9759: 9349: 9177: 9141: 8644: 8487: 8382: 8127: 7865: 6985: 6896: 6638: 6623: 6505: 4941: 2166:. The system is mandated and largely funded by the federal government and serves the interests of the states. By threatening to withhold 1660:. Virginia became a royal colony again in 1660, and the word was dropped from the full title; it went unused until reintroduced in 1776. 1440: 1300: 242: 4397: 3757: 9774: 9600: 9388: 9100: 8866: 8785: 8470: 7985: 7980: 7970: 7343: 7072: 6320: 5620: 2844: 2198:

in the various states. (Prior to 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures.) There are presently 100 senators, who are elected

2104:, for example, the power to declare war. Making treaties is one power forbidden to the states, being listed among other such powers in 1866: 1715: 1338: 1312: 5597: 5573: 4442: 3658: 3211: 1193: 10330: 9666: 9563: 9334: 8639: 8582: 8475: 8304: 7746: 6249: 5270: 2656: 2215: 1106: 4631: 9732: 9575: 9423: 9408: 9329: 9065: 9035: 8686: 8482: 7975: 7463: 7403: 6963: 6618: 6510: 6360: 5464:"The National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2003" (Report #:DOE/EIA-0581, October 2009). United States Department of Energy, 2261: 1861:. Oklahoma and Texas have separate highest courts for criminal appeals. Uniquely, in New York State, the trial court is called the 9339: 5522:"(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format." Pamela Goyan Kittler, Kathryn P. Sucher, 5477:"The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census." Seymour Sudman and Norman M. Bradburn, 5368: 5185: 3154: 2413:

The order in which the original 13 states ratified the Constitution, then the order in which the others were admitted to the Union

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accords states a key role in the process of amending the U.S. Constitution. Amendments may be proposed either by Congress with a

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in which 86% of voters supported statehood for Washington, D.C. For statehood to be achieved, it must be approved by Congress.

2630: 2431: 1729:. Each state follows its own procedures for recall elections, and sets its own restrictions on how often, and how soon after a 1154: 315: 267:(this being required by the federal constitution), and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches, each with 256: 162: 8948: 4237: 3233: 9707: 9568: 9537: 9268: 9085: 8778: 8509: 8397: 8267: 8171: 8080: 8004: 7549: 7515: 6530: 6520: 6515: 6373: 6368: 6232: 6197: 5561: 5511: 5305: 5114: 5008: 4963: 4887: 4346: 4289: 3962: 3869: 3694: 3416: 3274: 3101: 2753: 2626: 1909: 1255: 288: 5148: 2133:, holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions. Then, one year later, in 10320: 10052: 9862: 9842: 9809: 9717: 9627: 9558: 9517: 9403: 9237: 9222: 9187: 8981: 8705: 8602: 8539: 8529: 8412: 8203: 8166: 8095: 7927: 7892: 7443: 7173: 6906: 6677: 6628: 6601: 6525: 6484: 5971: 5496:"Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau." Dale M. Lewison, 5048: 4147: 4117: 3928: 3408:

The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781

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with the existing states. While the Constitution does not explicitly discuss the issue of whether states have the power to

4363: 2839:(1869), held that states did not have the right to secede and that any act of secession was legally void. Drawing on the " 2594:

Additionally, the entry of several states into the Union was delayed due to distinctive complicating factors. Among them,

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are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even

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Under Article IV, each state is guaranteed a form of government that is grounded in republican principles, such as the

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When the people of a territory make their desire for statehood known to the federal government, Congress may pass an

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Fiscal – authority to determine revenue sources, set tax rates, borrow funds and other related financial activities,

1128:, the first U.S. constitution. Also during this period, the newly independent states developed their own individual 10110: 10030: 10014: 9888: 9486: 8681: 8627: 8612: 8514: 8349: 7825: 7778: 7773: 7675: 7602: 7302: 7067: 6596: 5933: 3020: 2802:

The Constitution speaks of "union" several times, but does not explicitly discuss the issue of whether a state can

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Personnel – authority to set employment rules, remuneration rates, employment conditions and collective bargaining.

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Once established, most state borders have, with few exceptions, been generally stable. Only two states, Missouri (

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Union. The act has 37 original cosponsors between Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives.

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of a presumed felon and arrest by the law officers of one state in another state are often permitted by a state.

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of six years, with one-third of them being chosen every two years. Representatives are elected at large or from

10069: 9797: 9366: 8698: 8372: 8319: 8235: 8225: 8193: 8122: 8110: 8065: 7952: 7850: 7712: 7632: 7622: 7408: 7265: 6968: 6926: 6869: 6643: 6554: 5243: 3177: 2929: 2913: 2797: 2700: 2260:, elect the president and vice president. There were 538 electors for the most recent presidential election in 2237: 1812: 366: 362: 346: 323: 2869:

The 50 states have taken their names from a wide variety of languages. Twenty-four state names originate from

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over various matters. The prevailing legal theory of state preeminence over local governments, referred to as

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and a newly formed alternative Virginia legislature, recognized by the federal government, consented to have

3029: 2916:. The origins of six state names are unknown or disputed. Several of the states that derive their names from 2819: 2818:. In 1860 and 1861, 11 southern states each declared secession from the United States and joined to form the 2704: 2430:

over whether their western counties could become states, and has served this same function since, whenever a

1757: 1388: 1330: 1287: 369:, with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a continuing debate over 9959: 9398: 8996: 8745: 8738: 8671: 8534: 8417: 8339: 8329: 8183: 8144: 8100: 8060: 8017: 7965: 7897: 7870: 7830: 7808: 7617: 7431: 7378: 7311: 7168: 7124: 7052: 6973: 6891: 6702: 6566: 6395: 6303: 6111: 5961: 3620: 1986: 1917: 1834: 5080: 1564:

reserves to the states or to the people all powers of government not delegated to the federal government.

10226: 10047: 9881: 9381: 8666: 8617: 8432: 8334: 8257: 8139: 8035: 7860: 7845: 7783: 7418: 7373: 7180: 7062: 6916: 5433: 3654: 3459: 3207: 3128: 2673: 2490: 2288: 2075: 1828: 1478: 1296: 280: 17: 5335: 3122:"Table 2. Resident Population for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census" 10244: 10009: 8971: 8801: 8570: 8440: 8272: 8252: 8240: 8050: 8040: 7722: 7627: 7240: 7230: 6757: 6752: 6742: 6737: 6259: 3096: 3062: 2978:, over a several-year period, to the Federal government, which in turn became the Northwest Territory, 2501: 2159: 2063: 1267: 1263: 1094: 384:, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an 299: 2598:, which petitioned Congress for statehood in 1835, was not admitted to the Union until 1837, due to a 10134: 10042: 9982: 9622: 8149: 7455: 7260: 7255: 6817: 6271: 6055: 4594: 4023: 2905: 2807: 2265: 2222:. The borders of these districts are established by the states individually through a process called 2163: 2151: 1870: 1597: 1216: 1181: 1125: 55: 5216: 2210:

to terms of two years (not staggered). The size of the House—presently 435 voting members—is set by

9966: 9949: 9258: 8262: 7642: 7612: 7607: 7597: 7363: 7319: 7160: 6921: 6707: 6571: 6385: 6325: 5951: 2505: 2497: 2140: 2067: 2009:. States are prohibited from discriminating against citizens of other states with respect to their 1889: 1669: 1367: 1320: 1114: 272: 10127: 9156: 7756: 7492: 7250: 6217: 4859:(Summer 1997). "Lincoln and the Political Question: The Creation of the State of West Virginia". 2731: 2309: 2300: 2032: 1698:, meaning that the governor is not the only government official in the state responsible for its 1657: 1586: 1375: 1291: 3352: 10172: 10095: 9300: 9263: 8754: 8208: 7558: 7368: 7348: 7150: 7005: 6800: 6747: 6732: 6576: 6264: 3843: 3070: 3000: 2564: 2321: 2207: 2145: 1885: 1862: 1800: 1707: 1699: 1383: 1283: 1170: 377: 303: 284: 178: 5524: 4933: 4338: 4281: 3406: 3264: 2826:. The federal government never recognized the sovereignty of the CSA, nor the validity of the 10182: 10156: 8407: 8090: 7205: 6762: 6727: 6722: 6665: 6648: 6378: 5000: 4996: 4389: 4203: 3326: 3074: 2983: 2948: 2908:

forms of English names) and the rest are from English, Spanish and French. Eleven states are

2886: 2696: 2568: 2184: 1846: 1641: 1633: 1470: 1432: 238: 4688: 4435: 3379: 2998:

U.S. Supreme Court has had to settle state border disputes. One notable example is the case

2226:, and within each state all districts are required to have approximately equal populations. 10294: 10282: 10177: 9904: 8759: 7887: 7761: 7652: 7030: 6462: 6442: 6390: 6340: 6281: 6212: 5709: 5612: 4564:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. Archived from 3689:(4th ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Office of Graphic Communications. p. 88. 3650: 3203: 2987: 2874: 2615: 2529: 2326: 2230: 2219: 2176: 1837:, as long as they protect the federal constitutional right of their citizens to procedural 1796: 1765: 1637: 1568: 1519: 1412: 557: 311: 268: 4880:

The fate of their country: politicians, slavery extension, and the coming of the Civil War

4623: 2760:. As it is not a state, the district does not have representation in the Senate and has a 241:. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to 8: 9413: 8299: 8215: 8025: 7741: 7426: 7057: 6254: 6060: 5275: 4856: 4205:

Homeland Security and Emergency Management: A Legal Guide for State and Local Governments

2979: 2882: 2540: 2450: 1934:

Structural – power to choose the form of government, charter and enact charter revisions,

1858: 1808: 1773: 1722: 1499: 5392:"The Ellis Island Verdict: The Ruling; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island" 2764:

in the House; neither does it have a sovereign elected government. Additionally, before

10208: 10187: 10004: 9992: 7539: 7527: 7245: 7235: 7212: 7195: 6591: 6335: 6330: 6202: 6029: 5894: 5396: 5364: 4526:"The 2016 Presidential Election: Provisions of the Constitution and United States Code" 4305: 4175: 3150: 3033: 2823: 2815: 2757: 2595: 2580: 2544: 2187: 2135: 1990: 1975: 1711: 1679: 1629: 1251: 1243: 1038: 397: 393: 331: 3297: 2218:

among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial

2143:. Only within the past couple of decades, through decisions in cases such as those in 259:

are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual

9858: 9787: 8282: 7438: 6790: 6288: 6207: 6192: 5557: 5533: 5507: 5280: 5004: 4883: 4760: 4694: 4342: 4285: 4209: 3690: 3597: 3590: 3412: 3385: 3270: 2894: 2603: 2584: 2576: 2519: 2512: 2418: 2304: 2097: 2085: 2036: 1985:, which outlines the relationship between the states, each state is required to give 1967: 1963: 1738: 1098: 381: 370: 8770: 4791: 10270: 9929: 8198: 8045: 7751: 7571: 6581: 6422: 6405: 6400: 6239: 5925: 5919: 5819: 5529: 4233: 3013: 2878: 2607: 2572: 2560: 2525: 2437:

Most of the states admitted to the Union after the original 13 were formed from an

2233: 2074:

made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that

2055: 1854: 1804: 1791: 1730: 1695: 1225: 843: 295: 234: 226: 206: 4967: 3958: 2409: 2162:. An example of this is the system of federal aid for highways, which include the 1937:

Functional – power to exercise local self-government in a broad or limited manner,

217:

jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its

10139: 9919: 9418: 7907: 7683: 7581: 7353: 6653: 6586: 6355: 6276: 6222: 5498: 5479: 5149:"The Senate and the House of Representative of Puerto Rico Concurrent Resolution" 4990: 4602: 4332: 4275: 3624: 2971: 2964: 2960: 2840: 2811: 2735: 2611: 2552: 2482: 2470: 2211: 2195: 2112: 2005:

nevertheless often recognized state-to-state according to the common practice of

1726: 1683: 1645: 1491: 1461: 1121: 1117: 210: 203: 81: 5055: 70: 10258: 9939: 8377: 8277: 7660: 6795: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6447: 6310: 6244: 6009: 5994: 5984: 5941: 5859: 5824: 4992:

Crisis in the Southwest: the United States, Mexico, and the Struggle over Texas

4143: 2975: 2835: 2619: 2588: 2556: 2423: 2042: 1842: 1649: 1601: 1354: 1110: 1102: 947: 856: 402: 358: 9873: 3381:

Interstate Cooperation, Second Edition: Compacts and Administrative Agreements

2974:) and Nevada grew appreciably after statehood. Several of the original states 2563:

in 1849. It existed for slightly over two years and was never approved by the

1674:

In each state, the chief executive is called the governor, who serves as both

10304: 9987: 9361: 7358: 6658: 6467: 6102: 6014: 5989: 5899: 5804: 5764: 5582: 5503: 5284: 4792:"Official Name and Status History of the several States and U.S. Territories" 3684: 3091: 3037: 2861: 2442: 2279: 2223: 2116: 2093: 2047: 1959: 1958:

Each state admitted to the Union by Congress since 1789 has entered it on an

1905: 1850: 1785: 1777: 1769: 1675: 1653: 1613: 1051: 804: 700: 385: 250: 195: 91: 5036:

Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865

3333:. Course of Human Events. Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. June 7, 2018 2155:(2000), has the Court tried to limit the Commerce Clause power of Congress. 1514: 380:

into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776 by the

10213: 10203: 9934: 7665: 7637: 6692: 6004: 5999: 5979: 5864: 5854: 5849: 5829: 5588:

Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (in order of population)

5431: 5021: 3086: 3009: 2765: 2457: 2119:, at the expense of powers formerly considered purely states' matters. The 2010: 1609: 960: 934: 921: 869: 138: 1780:; these bodies are more similar to the U.S. Congress than are the others. 1141:. In relation to the states, the U.S. Constitution elaborated concepts of 245:, except for persons restricted by certain types of court orders (such as 30:"American states" redirects here. For the international organization, see 9954: 7942: 7473: 6810: 6712: 6452: 6315: 6071: 6019: 5956: 5779: 5694: 5484: 4821: 3519:"Article I, Section 8: Federalism and the overall scope of federal power" 3460:"How the First State Constitutions helped build the Federal Constitution" 2661: 1998: 1994: 1838: 739: 518: 426:

The 50 U.S. states, in alphabetical order, along with each state's flag:

218: 4441:. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 6805: 6437: 6432: 6350: 5814: 5809: 5684: 4468: 3005: 2952: 2900:

Of the remaining names, 22 are from European languages. Seven are from

2719: 2641: 2599: 1881: 1762: 1504: 830: 817: 492: 330:, and, with the consent of Congress, two or more states may enter into 214: 120: 5271:"Analysis | Puerto Ricans voted to become the 51st U.S. state — again" 2843:" union language of the Articles of Confederation, and its succeeding 1783:

Members of each state's legislature are chosen by direct election. In

1589:, contained 310,296 words, which is more than 40 times as many as the 8294: 8287: 5904: 5869: 5774: 5749: 5367:. Cornell Law School, Ithaca, New York: Legal Information Institute. 4559:"The Electoral College: An Overview and Analysis of Reform Proposals" 4277:

The Cambridge economic history of the United States: the colonial era

4261:

Introduction to the Law and Legal System of the United States, 4th ed

2956: 1913: 1833:

States can also organize their judicial systems differently from the

1064: 973: 726: 661: 307: 5186:"23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood" 4690:

Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities

2610:

was held up for several years (1854–61) due to a series of internal

6477: 6427: 5889: 5839: 5794: 5784: 5769: 5759: 5744: 5724: 5699: 5689: 5679: 4655:"Inside the Conservative Push for States to Amend the Constitution" 3434:"The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Revolution in Government" 3025: 2917: 2199: 1617: 1605: 1093:

The 13 original states came into existence in July 1776 during the

1025: 895: 778: 752: 713: 687: 648: 596: 531: 505: 479: 5909: 5884: 5789: 5729: 5704: 5674: 5664: 5593:

Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical)

3066: 2939:

The borders of the 13 original states were largely determined by

2857:

List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States

1077: 1012: 765: 609: 544: 466: 440: 246: 113: 1721:

Elections of officials in the United States are generally for a

5844: 5799: 5739: 5714: 5669: 5107: 3844:"History of the Nebraska Unicameral: The Birth of a Unicameral" 2909: 2890: 2803: 2486: 2245: 2071: 2006: 1259: 908: 791: 635: 570: 453: 389: 145: 4201: 5874: 5754: 5719: 5073: 4436:"Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08)" 2901: 2426:(including Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia), to have a 1962:

with the original states in all respects. With the growth of

986: 674: 583: 5642: 5306:"DC Voters Elect Gray to Council, Approve Statehood Measure" 4475:. Los Angeles, California: University of Loyola Law School. 3651:"Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature" 3204:"Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature" 9944: 5946: 5879: 5834: 5734: 5480:

Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design

3683:

Salmon, Emily J.; Campbell, Edward D. C. Jr., eds. (1994).

2427: 1799:

standard). In practice, most states elect legislators from

1768:, meaning it has only a single chamber. Most states have a 999: 882: 622: 5607: 4557:

Whitaker, L. Paige; Neale, Thomas H. (November 5, 2004) .

4394:

Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School

4171:"Bans on Interracial Unions Offer Perspective on Gay Ones" 2986:. In 1791, Maryland and Virginia ceded land to create the 2912:, including seven named for royalty and one named after a 2784:. In November 2016, Washington, D.C. residents voted in a 2718:

On June 27, 2018, the H.R. 6246 Act was introduced on the

1888:, which draws large parts of its legal system from French 1626:

a state in which the supreme power is vested in the people

4390:"Constitution of the United States, Article I, Section 8" 4228: 1857:, generally called a court of appeal (or appeals), and a 326:. Additionally, each state has the opportunity to ratify 5422:

Article IV, Section 3, Constitution of the United States

5269:

Santiago, Abdiel; Kustov, Alexander; Valenzuela, Ali A.

3151:"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates" 2441:

established and governed by Congress in accord with its

5603:

StateMaster – statistical database for U.S. states

3986:"The Dillon Rule -- A limit on Local Government Powers" 2833:

Following the war, the United States Supreme Court, in

2810:, stated that the union of the United States "shall be 2571:(Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) in 2460:

authorizing the people of that territory to organize a

4273: 2682:

Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union

2449:. The outline for this process was established by the 10242: 8800: 4583:

Government Documents Department; UNT Digital Library.

3266:

Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession

2889:

and five others are from other indigenous languages.

2496:

Kentucky, 1792, from Virginia (District of Kentucky:

2264:; the allocation of electoral votes was based on the 376:

The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to

5268: 4421:

Federalism: Political Identity and Tragic Compromise

3465:. Constitutional Rights Foundation. pp. 10–12. 1841:. Most have a trial-level court, generally called a 249:

convicts and children of divorced spouses who share

8811:

List of states and territories of the United States

5583:

State Resource Guides, from the Library of Congress

5556:, New York : Smithsonian Books/Collins, 2008. 5434:"Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" 5244:"Cosponsors: H.R.6246 — 115th Congress (2017–2018)" 3517:Barnett, Randy E.; Gerken, Heather (July 6, 2016). 3411:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. 416:

List of states and territories of the United States

302:. States and their citizens are represented in the 3896: 3589: 3533: 5598:"State, Local, and Tribal Governments" on USA.gov 5432:United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. 4940:. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. 4828:. California Department of Parks and Recreation. 3553:"10th Amendment US Constitution--Reserved Powers" 2865:A map showing the source languages of state names 1562:Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution 10302: 7506:Native American recognition in the United States 4364:"Essays on Article I: Commerce among the States" 2115:" has, over time, greatly expanded the scope of 10316:First-level administrative divisions by country 9903: 4966:. Museum of the Red River. 2005. Archived from 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 3678: 3676: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3143: 2680:, a delegate with limited voting rights in the 2121:Cambridge Economic History of the United States 1880:Most states base their legal system on English 406:, held that a state cannot unilaterally do so. 5217:"H.R.6246 - Puerto Rico Admission Act of 2018" 4759:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. xvi, 334. 4433: 4423:. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 122. 3682: 3436:. National Constitution Center. Archived from 3353:"Declaration of Independence: A Transcription" 3114: 2726:On November 3, 2020, Puerto Rico held another 2672:of Puerto Rico" in the English version of its 2158:Another enumerated congressional power is its 2020: 9889: 8786: 7903:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 6087: 5628: 4556: 4306:"United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941)" 4118:"Interstate Compacts: Background and History" 3872:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 3820:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 3812: 3810: 3760:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 3758:"Separation of Powers--Executive Veto Powers" 3592:West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Volume 8 3516: 3327:"Delegate Discussions: The Lee Resolution(s)" 3262: 2256:, who then, using procedures provided in the 1560:administrative divisions of the country; the 1537: 209:, of which there are 50. Bound together in a 5241: 5214: 5083:Puerto Ricans favor statehood for first time 4822:"California Admission Day September 9, 1850" 4737: 4715:"Property and Territory: Powers of Congress" 4693:. Columbia University Press. pp. 6–12. 4628:National Archives and Records Administration 4500:"Essays on Amendment XII: Electoral College" 4382: 4330: 3929:"Federal vs. State Courts - Key Differences" 3673: 3587: 3251: 2088:are understood mainly with reference to the 414:Further information on each U.S. state: 353:, intrastate commerce regulation, and local 5359: 5357: 4168: 4162: 3846:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska Legislature. 3752: 3750: 3748: 3615: 3613: 3263:Pavković, Aleksandar; Radan, Peter (2007). 3032:from the United States at the start of the 2791: 2772:in 1961, district citizens did not get the 2315: 1869:, and from there to its highest court, the 1636:, the 1649–60 period between the reigns of 298:, possess many powers and rights under the 9896: 9882: 8793: 8779: 6101: 6094: 6080: 5635: 5621: 5389: 4682: 4680: 3807: 3588:Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). 2282:in both the House and the Senate, or by a 1544: 1530: 1124:between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the 148:, 665,384 square miles (1,723,340 km) 10311:Administrative divisions in North America 7516:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 4418: 4202:Ernest B. Abbott; Otto J. Hetzel (2010). 4054:"Essays on Article IV: New States Clause" 3377: 3371: 3321: 3319: 2657:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico 2229:Citizens in each state plus those in the 1776:). Ten state legislatures are considered 1107:United States Declaration of Independence 10326:Political divisions of the United States 5643:Political divisions of the United States 5354: 4855: 4355: 4208:. American Bar Association. p. 52. 4144:"Hot Pursuit Law & Legal Definition" 4047: 4045: 3862: 3745: 3610: 3153:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. 2920:have retained the plural ending of "s". 2860: 2408: 2325: 2041: 1737:(the bringing of specific charges), and 1682:. All governors are chosen by statewide 7567:List of counties and county equivalents 5342:. Puerto Rico Report. November 23, 2018 5049:"Rules of the House of Representatives" 4988: 4964:"Museum of the Red River - The Choctaw" 4882:. New York: Hill and Wang. p. 15. 4686: 4677: 4258: 4124:from the original on September 27, 2013 3729:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2016. 2893:'s name is derived from the Polynesian 2748:District of Columbia statehood movement 2294: 27:Constituent polity of the United States 14: 10303: 5404:from the original on November 15, 2012 5336:"How Does a Territory Become a State?" 5183: 4956: 4914:from the original on December 21, 2015 4851: 4849: 4847: 4687:Krasner, Professor Stephen D. (2001). 4634:from the original on November 21, 2015 4624:"The Constitutional Amendment Process" 4448:from the original on November 19, 2011 4280:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4081: 4079: 4058:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution 3894: 3764:from the original on February 28, 2018 3723:"Why is Massachusetts a Commonwealth?" 3529:from the original on January 31, 2022. 3404: 3316: 3178:"Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship" 2631:List of U.S. state partition proposals 2602:with the adjoining state of Ohio. The 1741:, in which legislators act as a jury. 1155:State governments of the United States 1097:(1775–1783), as the successors of the 9877: 9440:Changes in life expectancy, 1985–2010 9424:Statewide elected executive officials 8774: 6075: 5616: 5316:from the original on November 9, 2016 4995:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4754: 4652: 4400:from the original on October 19, 2015 4263:. St. Paul: Thomson West. p. 41. 4240:from the original on February 1, 2018 4097:from the original on October 19, 2012 4042: 3898:"How much are your legislators paid?" 3661:from the original on October 21, 2013 3631:from the original on October 30, 2018 3569:from the original on December 7, 2020 3300:. Mountain View, California: Justia. 3214:from the original on October 21, 2013 3102:Local government in the United States 2806:from the Union. Its predecessor, the 2635: 2627:Historic regions of the United States 2299:U.S. states are not sovereign in the 60:(the self-designation of four states) 9848: 9793:District of Columbia and territories 9528:National Register of Historic Places 5458: 5129:from the original on October 7, 2014 5095:from the original on October 6, 2014 4802:from the original on August 14, 2009 4665:from the original on August 23, 2016 4150:from the original on October 9, 2014 4115: 4087:"Doctrine of the Equality of States" 4000:from the original on October 9, 2016 3983: 3965:from the original on October 9, 2016 3909:from the original on August 25, 2013 3782: 3234:"Doctrine of the Equality of States" 3056:List of regions of the United States 3049: 1772:legislature (traditionally called a 1161:Comparison of U.S. state governments 322:, the body that directly elects the 141:, 1,545 square miles (4,000 km) 5371:from the original on March 13, 2018 5165:from the original on March 20, 2013 5041: 4877: 4844: 4832:from the original on March 28, 2016 4312:. Mountain View, California: Justia 4076: 3824:from the original on March 31, 2018 3795:from the original on March 14, 2018 3733:from the original on March 15, 2016 3472:from the original on August 4, 2016 3298:"Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)" 3269:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 222. 3157:from the original on March 16, 2018 2741: 2693:Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico 2575:proposed to establish the state of 1908:, not federations or aggregates of 363:local, state, and federal elections 24: 9409:State superintendents of education 5608:50states.com – States and Capitals 5546: 5446:from the original on March 4, 2016 5390:Greenhouse, Linda (May 27, 1998). 5196:from the original on June 12, 2017 4944:from the original on March 3, 2016 4773: 4653:Wines, Michael (August 22, 2016). 4504:Heritage Guide to the Constitution 4479:from the original on June 17, 2018 4466: 4368:Heritage Guide to the Constitution 4064:from the original on July 24, 2017 3876:from the original on March 7, 2018 3870:"Full- and Part-time Legislatures" 3850:from the original on March 4, 2018 3703:from the original on March 4, 2016 3431: 3304:from the original on March 4, 2016 3184:from the original on July 24, 2017 2684:, but no voting rights otherwise. 1867:Supreme Court's Appellate Division 392:from the Union, shortly after the 25: 10342: 8802:United States state-related lists 6912:Director of National Intelligence 5567: 5466:Energy Information Administration 5250:from the original on July 7, 2018 5223:from the original on July 7, 2018 5184:Robles, Frances (June 11, 2017). 4725:from the original on May 25, 2017 4497: 4361: 4334:Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court 4183:from the original on May 25, 2017 4051: 3939:from the original on May 14, 2018 3331:The Declaration Resources Project 3175: 2559:sought to establish the state of 2511:Maine, 1820, from Massachusetts ( 2172:National Minimum Drinking Age Act 1970:, the Supreme Court asserted, in 1751:State legislature (United States) 1139:Constitution of the United States 341:Historically, the tasks of local 10331:Types of administrative division 10288: 10276: 10264: 10252: 10015:Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area 9857: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9460:American Human Development Index 7068:Government Accountability Office 5038:, W.W. Norton, 2012, pgs. 296-97 4120:. Council on State Governments. 3961:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3895:Wilson, Reid (August 23, 2013). 3686:The Hornbook of Virginia History 2830:adopted by the seceding states. 2131:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 2082:are subordinate to federal law. 2015:Privileges and Immunities Clause 1948: 1811:in single-member districts, and 1579: 1513: 1192: 1070: 1057: 1044: 1031: 1018: 1005: 992: 979: 966: 953: 940: 927: 914: 901: 888: 875: 862: 849: 836: 823: 810: 797: 784: 771: 758: 745: 732: 719: 706: 693: 680: 667: 654: 641: 628: 615: 602: 589: 576: 563: 550: 537: 524: 511: 498: 485: 472: 459: 446: 433: 422:List of U.S. state abbreviations 69: 10232:Office of Management and Budget 5554:How the States Got Their Shapes 5516: 5490: 5471: 5425: 5416: 5383: 5328: 5298: 5262: 5235: 5208: 5177: 5141: 5117:Puerto Ricans opt for statehood 5028: 4989:Winders, Richard Bruce (2002). 4982: 4926: 4896: 4871: 4814: 4757:How the States Got Their Shapes 4707: 4646: 4616: 4587: 4550: 4518: 4491: 4460: 4427: 4419:Robertson, David Brian (2008). 4412: 4337:. Infobase Publishing. p. 4324: 4298: 4274:Stanley Lewis Engerman (2000). 4267: 4252: 4222: 4195: 4136: 4109: 4012: 3977: 3951: 3921: 3905:. Washington, DC. pp. A2. 3888: 3836: 3776: 3715: 3643: 3581: 3545: 3510: 3484: 3452: 3425: 3398: 3045:How the States Got Their Shapes 2850: 2653:Political status of Puerto Rico 2489:in 1848 under the terms of the 2473:, and one was established from 2027:Federalism in the United States 269:separate and independent powers 32:Organization of American States 10070:New England city and town area 9798:America the Beautiful quarters 9350:Politics by state or territory 8711:Separation of church and state 6927:National Reconnaissance Office 6870:President of the United States 5651:List of states and territories 4910:. Vermont Historical Society. 4861:Presidential Studies Quarterly 4169:Adam Liptak (March 17, 2004). 3345: 3290: 3226: 3196: 3169: 2930:Geography of the United States 2914:President of the United States 2798:Secession in the United States 2646: 2524:Vermont, 1791, previously the 1983:Article IV of the Constitution 1813:multiple non-transferable vote 1744: 1686:. The governor may approve or 1148: 324:president of the United States 310:legislature consisting of the 13: 1: 10065:Micropolitan statistical area 10060:Metropolitan statistical area 9002:Federal taxation and spending 5242:Congress.Gov (July 7, 2018). 5215:Congress.Gov (July 7, 2018). 4230:Cornell University Law School 3378:Zimmerman, Joseph F. (2012). 3107: 2918:names used for Native peoples 2910:named after individual people 2820:Confederate States of America 2705:Congress of the United States 2666:unincorporated U.S. territory 2567:. In another, leaders of the 2445:under Article IV, Section 3, 2276:Article V of the Constitution 1953: 1865:; appeals go up first to the 1120:; each then joined the first 1109:. Prior to these events each 1088: 257:State governments in the U.S. 9960:United States Virgin Islands 9581:Cell phone use while driving 9404:State presidents pro tempore 8904:Largest cities by population 7073:Government Publishing Office 6541:Technological and industrial 5574:Information about All States 4020:"Local Government Authority" 3789:Texas Government (Chapter 4) 3785:"The Texas Plural Executive" 3621:"State and Local Government" 3596:(2 ed.). Thomson/Gale. 3523:National Constitution Center 3492:"Observing Constitution Day" 3384:. SUNY Press. pp. 4–7. 2923: 2845:Preamble to the Constitution 2543:region counties) during the 2518:Texas, 1845, previously the 2481:California, 1850, from land 1899: 1807:used across the nation are: 1663: 7: 10321:States of the United States 10048:Core-based statistical area 9523:National Historic Landmarks 8934:Population density (cities) 8545:Women's reproductive health 7511:Federally recognized tribes 7374:Public utilities commission 7278:Public Health Service Corps 7181:Code of Federal Regulations 7063:Congressional Budget Office 6917:Central Intelligence Agency 6823:Water supply and sanitation 6250:Declaration of Independence 6038:List of Indian reservations 4060:. The Heritage Foundation. 3818:"Recall of State Officials" 3655:Minnesota State Legislature 3208:Minnesota State Legislature 3180:. The Heritage Foundation. 3129:United States Census Bureau 3080: 2873:. Of these, eight are from 2776:in presidential elections. 2668:, refers to itself as the " 2491:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 2289:state ratifying conventions 2021:With the federal government 1829:State court (United States) 1822: 1815:in multi-member districts. 1363:Cities, towns, and villages 1256:Alaska Native tribal entity 10: 10347: 10152:State legislative district 10010:Off-reservation trust land 9645:Former constitutional bans 9389:State secretaries of state 9132:National Natural Landmarks 7723:Red states and blue states 7628:City commission government 7623:Council–manager government 3539: 3097:Lists of U.S. state topics 3053: 3042: 2934: 2927: 2854: 2795: 2745: 2691:On December 11, 2012, the 2650: 2639: 2624: 2535:West Virginia, 1863, from 2319: 2024: 1972:Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan 1826: 1748: 1694:power. Most states have a 1667: 1644:during which parliament's 1268:Tribal Jurisdictional Area 1264:Off-reservation trust land 1158: 1152: 1095:American Revolutionary War 419: 413: 336:police power of each state 300:United States Constitution 283:. States are divided into 239:state in which they reside 29: 10222: 10196: 10165: 10135:Public use microdata area 10083: 10043:Combined statistical area 10023: 9983:Alaska Native corporation 9975: 9912: 9833: 9695: 9546: 9495: 9432: 9259:Agriculture commissioners 9251: 9170: 9137:National Wildlife Refuges 9109: 8959: 8817: 8808: 8732: 8558: 8431: 8363: 8016: 8012: 8003: 7951: 7816: 7807: 7703: 7674: 7651: 7590: 7557: 7548: 7491: 7479:Comparison of governments 7454: 7417: 7394: 7310: 7290: 7221: 7159: 7081: 7004: 6862: 6853: 6849: 6840: 6562: 6553: 6498: 6458:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 6299:drafting and ratification 6272:Articles of Confederation 6185: 6119: 6110: 6048:International concessions 6046: 6028: 5970: 5932: 5918: 5657: 5648: 4259:Burnham, William (2006). 4024:National League of Cities 3984:Dean, Kenneth d. (1976). 2871:Native American languages 2808:Articles of Confederation 2462:constitutional convention 2284:constitutional convention 2214:. Seats in the House are 2164:Interstate Highway System 2160:taxing and spending power 2070:made pursuant to it, and 1871:New York Court of Appeals 1126:Articles of Confederation 328:constitutional amendments 171: 155: 130: 105: 97: 87: 77: 68: 46: 41: 10031:Primary statistical area 9967:ZIP Code Tabulation Area 9950:Northern Mariana Islands 9613:Law enforcement agencies 9355:Political party strength 9122:Carbon dioxide emissions 8914:Most popular given names 8498:Prescription drug prices 7618:Mayor–council government 7608:Coterminous municipality 7598:Consolidated city-county 7364:Agriculture commissioner 7014:House of Representatives 6922:National Security Agency 6572:Contiguous United States 5952:Northern Mariana Islands 5340:www.puertoricoreport.com 4908:Vermont History Explorer 4878:Holt, Michael F. (200). 4595:"Elections & Voting" 3405:Jensen, Merrill (1959). 2990:(Virginia's portion was 2792:Secession from the Union 2532:and claimed by New York) 2485:to the United States by 2316:Admission into the Union 2196:direct popular elections 2141:Civil Rights Act of 1964 1670:Governor (United States) 1656:government known as the 1368:Coterminous municipality 1321:Consolidated city-county 1169:This article is part of 316:House of Representatives 9455:Human Development Index 9284:Congressional districts 8583:Criticism of government 7928:Social welfare programs 7521:State-recognized tribes 6506:Outline of U.S. history 6218:Continental Association 4473:All About Redistricting 2828:ordinances of secession 2310:international relations 2208:single-member districts 2062:) establishes that the 2033:consent of the governed 1801:single-member districts 1756:most states requires a 1658:Commonwealth of England 1587:Constitution of Alabama 1397:State-recognized tribes 1376:Census-designated place 1101:, upon agreeing to the 409: 10173:Census county division 10091:Congressional district 9472:Infant mortality rates 9335:Libraries and archives 9081:Sovereign wealth funds 9046:Millionaire households 9007:Gross domestic product 8919:Most populous counties 8899:Educational attainment 8645:Environmental movement 8488:Health insurance costs 8383:Educational attainment 7908:Federal Reserve System 7866:Science and technology 7369:Insurance commissioner 6907:Intelligence Community 6602:minor outlying islands 6365:Civil rights movement 3040:secede from Virginia. 3001:New Jersey v. New York 2866: 2565:United States Congress 2414: 2406: 2322:Admission to the Union 2250:presidential elections 2051: 1946: 1927: 1450:Congressional district 1183:Political divisions of 334:with one another. The 304:United States Congress 263:. All are grounded in 10183:Traffic analysis zone 9076:Socioeconomic factors 8847:Birth and death rates 8471:Immigrant health care 7986:Transportation safety 7981:Transportation policy 7971:Public transportation 7041:President pro tempore 6897:Executive departments 6666:National Park Service 6321:Territorial evolution 5578:UCB Libraries GovPubs 4506:. Heritage Foundation 4469:"Who draws the lines" 4370:. Heritage Foundation 4331:David Shultz (2005). 3440:on September 11, 2019 3054:Further information: 3043:Further information: 3030:secession of Virginia 2984:Mississippi Territory 2949:British North America 2887:Uto-Aztecan languages 2864: 2855:Further information: 2752:The intention of the 2697:concurrent resolution 2678:Resident Commissioner 2640:Further information: 2625:Further information: 2569:Five Civilized Tribes 2475:unorganized territory 2432:proposal to partition 2412: 2329: 2254:presidential electors 2106:Article I, Section 10 2045: 2039:but was not invoked. 2025:Further information: 1987:full faith and credit 1931: 1922: 1827:Further information: 1749:Further information: 1668:Further information: 1471:Homeowner association 1433:Conservation district 1159:Further information: 265:republican principles 10178:Minor civil division 9905:United States census 9820:Temperature extremes 9618:Legality of cannabis 9596:Firearms death rates 9513:Historical societies 9414:State supreme courts 9399:State chief justices 9323:Lieutenant governors 8640:Environmental issues 8305:Political ideologies 8204:Indigenous languages 7404:List of legislatures 7201:separation of powers 6902:Independent agencies 6828:World Heritage Sites 6463:September 11 attacks 6386:Spanish–American War 6326:Mexican–American War 6282:Confederation period 6213:Continental Congress 5312:. November 7, 2016. 5156:puertoricoreport.org 5091:. November 7, 2012. 4857:Riccards, Michael P. 4755:Stein, Mark (2008). 4601:. Washington, D.C.: 4434:Kristin D. Burnett. 3783:Regalado, Daniel M. 3623:. Washington, D.C.: 2988:District of Columbia 2875:Algonquian languages 2786:statehood referendum 2782:federal jurisdiction 2530:New Hampshire Grants 2295:With other countries 2252:they are voting for 2231:District of Columbia 2177:South Dakota v. Dole 2102:Article I, Section 8 2060:Article VI, Clause 2 1966:advocacy during the 1797:one person, one vote 1766:Nebraska Legislature 1628:, was first used in 1569:Republican Guarantee 1520:United States portal 338:is also recognized. 9713:Bus transit systems 9662:Self-representation 9101:Vehicles per capita 8997:Federal tax revenue 8992:Exports and imports 8857:Hispanic and Latino 8483:Health care finance 7976:Rail transportation 7742:Imperial presidency 7464:State constitutions 7409:List of legislators 7359:Auditor/Comptroller 7332:Lieutenant governor 7058:Library of Congress 6949:Diplomatic Security 6592:Indian reservations 6255:American Revolution 6030:Indian reservations 5962:U.S. Virgin Islands 5276:The Washington Post 4571:on November 4, 2021 4236:. law.cornell.edu. 3990:Missouri Law Review 3432:Beeman, Richard R. 3008:won roughly 90% of 2980:Southwest Territory 2883:Iroquoian languages 2762:non-voting delegate 2528:(also known as the 2451:Northwest Ordinance 2439:organized territory 2424:Western land claims 2080:state constitutions 1976:interstate compacts 1809:first-past-the-post 1774:citizen legislature 1704:lieutenant governor 1500:Unincorporated area 1297:Unorganized Borough 1130:state constitutions 332:interstate compacts 261:state constitutions 243:move between states 213:, each state holds 10106:Alaska census area 10005:Hawaiian home land 9993:Indian reservation 9687:Violent Crime Rate 9633:Incarceration rate 9340:Official languages 9213:Geographic centers 9091:Unemployment rates 9086:State income taxes 9036:Median home prices 8882:Non-Hispanic white 8593:affirmative action 8566:Capital punishment 8525:Poverty and health 8520:Physician shortage 8493:Health care prices 8423:Standard of living 8106:standard of living 7913:Financial position 7540:Hawaiian home land 7528:Indian reservation 7501:Tribal sovereignty 7344:Secretary of state 7213:United States Code 7129:Territorial courts 7101:Associate Justices 6986:Inspector generals 6473:War in Afghanistan 6336:Reconstruction era 6203:Stamp Act Congress 5397:The New York Times 5190:The New York Times 4796:TheGreenPapers.com 4234:"Supremacy Clause" 4176:The New York Times 3791:. Lumen Learning. 3359:. November 1, 2015 3034:American Civil War 2867: 2824:Reconstruction era 2816:American Civil War 2758:seat of government 2636:Proposed additions 2596:Michigan Territory 2581:Oklahoma Territory 2415: 2407: 2136:Wickard v. Filburn 2052: 1991:Extradition Clause 1716:secretary of state 1680:head of government 1624:, which refers to 1252:Hawaiian home land 1244:Indian reservation 398:U.S. Supreme Court 227:shared sovereignty 223:federal government 10240: 10239: 10157:Urban growth area 10128:Census-designated 9871: 9870: 9815:Tallest buildings 9780:Numbered highways 9503:Date of statehood 9367:State legislators 9274:Capitol buildings 9264:Attorneys general 9117:Botanical gardens 9096:Union affiliation 8768: 8767: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8694:National security 8403:Income inequality 8283:Statue of Liberty 8086:income inequality 7999: 7998: 7991:Trucking industry 7803: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7730:Foreign relations 7718:Electoral College 7699: 7698: 7487: 7486: 7439:District attorney 7286: 7285: 7113:Courts of appeals 6836: 6835: 6549: 6548: 6490:COVID-19 pandemic 6443:Feminist Movement 6289:American frontier 6208:Thirteen Colonies 6069: 6068: 5562:978-0-06-143138-8 5512:978-0-13-461427-4 5310:nbcwashington.com 5010:978-0-8420-2801-1 4889:978-0-8090-4439-9 4538:on August 4, 2016 4348:978-0-8160-5086-4 4291:978-0-521-55307-0 4116:deGolian, Crady. 4030:on August 4, 2016 3696:978-0-88490-177-8 3498:. August 15, 2016 3496:National Archives 3418:978-0-299-00204-6 3357:National Archives 3276:978-0-7546-7163-3 3050:Regional grouping 2941:colonial charters 2895:Hawaiian language 2881:, three are from 2877:, seven are from 2712:status referendum 2612:violent conflicts 2604:Republic of Texas 2585:State of Franklin 2520:Republic of Texas 2513:District of Maine 2332:date of statehood 2305:international law 2301:Westphalian sense 2037:1967 Detroit riot 1968:antebellum period 1910:local governments 1835:federal judiciary 1591:U.S. Constitution 1554: 1553: 1437:National monument 1339:Unorganized atoll 1331:Municipality (PR) 1185:the United States 1099:Thirteen Colonies 396:(1861–1865), the 382:Thirteen Colonies 361:, in addition to 320:Electoral College 289:local governments 192: 191: 16:(Redirected from 10338: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10248: 10111:Independent city 9930:Federal District 9898: 9891: 9884: 9875: 9874: 9861: 9851: 9850: 9841: 9840: 9538:Historic regions 9533:State partitions 9508:Name etymologies 9419:State treasurers 9372:Alabama–Missouri 9162:Wilderness areas 9061:R&D spending 8987:Employment rates 8929:Populated places 8892:Spanish-speaking 8887:Pacific Islander 8867:Household income 8832:African American 8795: 8788: 8781: 8772: 8771: 8748: 8741: 8628:African American 8510:Health insurance 8398:Household income 8268:National symbols 8199:American English 8172:Federal holidays 8081:household income 8014: 8013: 8010: 8009: 7814: 7813: 7752:Anti-Americanism 7676:Special district 7603:Independent city 7572:County executive 7555: 7554: 7349:Attorney general 7308: 7307: 7297:Federal District 6880:Executive Office 6860: 6859: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6607:populated places 6587:federal enclaves 6582:federal district 6560: 6559: 6423:American Century 6406:Great Depression 6401:Roaring Twenties 6361:Women's suffrage 6240:Halifax Resolves 6233:Founding Fathers 6228:military history 6193:Pre-colonial era 6117: 6116: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6073: 6072: 5972:Outlying islands 5926:Washington, D.C. 5920:Federal district 5637: 5630: 5623: 5614: 5613: 5540: 5530:Cengage Learning 5525:Food and Culture 5520: 5514: 5506:(1997): p. 384. 5494: 5488: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5445: 5438: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5365:"Texas v. White" 5361: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5164: 5153: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5060: 5054:. Archived from 5053: 5045: 5039: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5019: 5017: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4970:on June 15, 2009 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904:"The 14th State" 4900: 4894: 4893: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4853: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4788: 4771: 4770: 4752: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4498:Fried, Charles. 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4467:Levitt, Justin. 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4362:Forte, David F. 4359: 4353: 4352: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4146:. 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Archived from 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3959:"Unitary system" 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3900: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3617: 3608: 3607: 3595: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3557: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3323: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3260: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3131:. April 26, 2021 3126: 3118: 2879:Siouan languages 2754:Founding Fathers 2742:Washington, D.C. 2608:Kansas Territory 2600:boundary dispute 2573:Indian Territory 2526:Vermont Republic 2471:sovereign states 2405: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2234:indirectly elect 2152:U.S. v. Morrison 2056:Supremacy Clause 2050:in the 50 states 1853:, a first-level 1792:Reynolds v. Sims 1731:general election 1708:attorney general 1700:executive branch 1696:plural executive 1546: 1539: 1532: 1517: 1479:Associated state 1458:Special district 1326:Independent city 1226:Federal district 1204: 1196: 1186: 1173: 1165: 1164: 1105:and signing the 1075: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1010: 1009: 1008: 997: 996: 995: 984: 983: 982: 971: 970: 969: 958: 957: 956: 945: 944: 943: 932: 931: 930: 919: 918: 917: 906: 905: 904: 893: 892: 891: 880: 879: 878: 867: 866: 865: 854: 853: 852: 841: 840: 839: 828: 827: 826: 815: 814: 813: 802: 801: 800: 789: 788: 787: 776: 775: 774: 763: 762: 761: 750: 749: 748: 737: 736: 735: 724: 723: 722: 711: 710: 709: 698: 697: 696: 685: 684: 683: 672: 671: 670: 659: 658: 657: 646: 645: 644: 633: 632: 631: 620: 619: 618: 607: 606: 605: 594: 593: 592: 581: 580: 579: 568: 567: 566: 555: 554: 553: 542: 541: 540: 529: 528: 527: 516: 515: 514: 503: 502: 501: 490: 489: 488: 477: 476: 475: 464: 463: 462: 451: 450: 449: 438: 437: 436: 378:admit new states 347:public education 296:U.S. territories 235:federal republic 229:, Americans are 207:political entity 163:State government 73: 61: 52: 39: 38: 21: 10346: 10345: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10301: 10300: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10277: 10275: 10265: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10243: 10241: 10236: 10218: 10192: 10188:Voting district 10161: 10140:School district 10079: 10019: 9971: 9908: 9902: 9872: 9867: 9829: 9805:Snowiest places 9691: 9682:Statutory codes 9676:by jurisdiction 9640:Same-sex unions 9569:Dry communities 9542: 9491: 9467:Life expectancy 9445:Fertility rates 9428: 9377:Montana–Wyoming 9247: 9166: 9157:Superfund sites 9105: 8955: 8813: 8804: 8799: 8769: 8764: 8751: 8744: 8737: 8720: 8706:Opioid epidemic 8623:Native American 8603:intersex rights 8554: 8550:Life expectancy 8540:Medical deserts 8530:Race and health 8427: 8413:Personal income 8359: 8263:National anthem 8096:personal income 8061:Economic issues 7995: 7947: 7795: 7695: 7684:School district 7670: 7653:Minor divisions 7647: 7586: 7544: 7483: 7469:Statutory codes 7450: 7413: 7390: 7300: 7295: 7282: 7217: 7174:civil liberties 7155: 7146:Other tribunals 7125:District courts 7077: 7036:current members 7019:current members 7000: 6934:Law enforcement 6832: 6545: 6494: 6485:Great Recession 6356:Progressive Era 6346:Native genocide 6277:Perpetual Union 6265:Treaty of Paris 6223:United Colonies 6181: 6106: 6100: 6070: 6065: 6042: 6024: 5966: 5928: 5914: 5653: 5644: 5641: 5570: 5549: 5547:Further reading 5544: 5543: 5532:(2008): p.475. 5521: 5517: 5495: 5491: 5476: 5472: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5355: 5345: 5343: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5061:on May 28, 2010 5058: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5033: 5029: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4876: 4872: 4854: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4774: 4767: 4753: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4685: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4603:The White House 4593: 4592: 4588: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4432: 4428: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4272: 4268: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4050: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3903:Washington Post 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3756: 3755: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3697: 3681: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3625:The White House 3619: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3430: 3426: 3419: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3261: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3176:Erler, Edward. 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3083: 3058: 3052: 3047: 2972:Platte Purchase 2965:Russian America 2961:Spanish Florida 2937: 2932: 2926: 2859: 2853: 2800: 2794: 2750: 2744: 2736:Pedro Pierluisi 2699:requesting the 2659: 2651:Main articles: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2633: 2553:Mormon pioneers 2419:the original 13 2401: 2400: 2399: 2397: 1907–1912 2394: 2393: 2390: 2388: 1889–1896 2385: 2384: 2383: 2381: 1861–1876 2378: 2377: 2374: 2372: 1845–1859 2369: 2368: 2367: 2365: 1820–1837 2362: 2361: 2358: 2356: 1803–1819 2353: 2352: 2351: 2349: 1791–1796 2346: 2345: 2342: 2340: 1776–1790 2337: 2336: 2335: 2330:U.S. states by 2324: 2318: 2297: 2280:two-thirds vote 2244:. When casting 2212:federal statute 2204:staggered terms 2168:federal highway 2113:Commerce Clause 2090:Tenth Amendment 2029: 2023: 1993:, a state must 1956: 1951: 1904:All states are 1902: 1896:reappointment. 1855:appellate court 1831: 1825: 1758:two-thirds vote 1753: 1747: 1727:recall election 1684:direct election 1672: 1666: 1646:Oliver Cromwell 1616:, in 1780; and 1600:rather than as 1582: 1550: 1518: 1496: 1492:Federal enclave 1483: 1475: 1467: 1462:school district 1454: 1446: 1429:Protected areas 1393: 1380: 1372: 1359: 1335: 1317: 1309:District (USVI) 1240: 1222: 1202: 1184: 1182: 1171: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1122:Union of states 1091: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1071: 1069: 1058: 1056: 1045: 1043: 1032: 1030: 1019: 1017: 1006: 1004: 993: 991: 980: 978: 967: 965: 954: 952: 941: 939: 928: 926: 915: 913: 902: 900: 889: 887: 876: 874: 863: 861: 850: 848: 837: 835: 824: 822: 811: 809: 798: 796: 785: 783: 772: 770: 759: 757: 746: 744: 733: 731: 720: 718: 707: 705: 694: 692: 681: 679: 668: 666: 655: 653: 642: 640: 629: 627: 616: 614: 603: 601: 590: 588: 577: 575: 564: 562: 551: 549: 538: 536: 525: 523: 512: 510: 499: 497: 486: 484: 473: 471: 460: 458: 447: 445: 434: 432: 424: 418: 412: 343:law enforcement 294:States, unlike 211:political union 188: 167: 151: 126: 82:Federated state 64: 59: 58: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10344: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10298: 10297: 10285: 10273: 10261: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10169: 10167: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10137: 10132: 10131: 10130: 10120: 10119: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10093: 10087: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10045: 10040: 10039: 10038: 10027: 10025: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9990: 9985: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9969: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9940:American Samoa 9932: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9901: 9900: 9893: 9886: 9878: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9855: 9845: 9834: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9801: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9755:License plates 9752: 9751: 9750: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9699: 9697: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9657:Seat belt laws 9654: 9653: 9652: 9647: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9561: 9559:Age of consent 9556: 9550: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9499: 9497: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9436: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9394:State speakers 9391: 9386: 9385: 9384: 9382:State senators 9379: 9374: 9364: 9362:State auditors 9359: 9358: 9357: 9347: 9345:Poets laureate 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9315: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9253: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9218:Highest cities 9215: 9210: 9205: 9203:Extreme points 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9144: 9142:Nature centers 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9032: 9031: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8982:Credit ratings 8979: 8974: 8969: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8951: 8941: 8939:Race/ethnicity 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8821: 8819: 8815: 8814: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8798: 8797: 8790: 8783: 8775: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8762: 8757: 8750: 8749: 8742: 8734: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8662:Mass shootings 8659: 8654: 8653: 8652: 8650:Climate change 8647: 8637: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8588:Discrimination 8585: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8443: 8437: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8378:American Dream 8375: 8369: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8345:Transportation 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8278:Mount Rushmore 8275: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8218: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7957: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7898:Federal budget 7895: 7890: 7885: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7836:Communications 7833: 7828: 7817: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7757:exceptionalism 7754: 7744: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7735:foreign policy 7727: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7710: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7680: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7657: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7561: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7460: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7432:Chief justices 7427:Supreme courts 7423: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7316: 7314: 7305: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7269: 7268: 7266:National Guard 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7227: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7169:Bill of Rights 7165: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7139:list of judges 7136: 7134:list of courts 7122: 7121: 7120: 7118:list of judges 7110: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7087: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7053:Capitol Police 7050: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7010: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6974:Secret Service 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6887:Vice President 6884: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6866: 6864: 6857: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6671:National Parks 6663: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6631: 6626: 6624:Extreme points 6621: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6311:Federalist Era 6308: 6307: 6306: 6304:Bill of Rights 6301: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6252: 6247: 6245:Lee Resolution 6242: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: articles 6099: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6076: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6056:Guantanamo Bay 6052: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6034: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6010:Navassa Island 6007: 6002: 5997: 5995:Johnston Atoll 5992: 5987: 5985:Howland Island 5982: 5976: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5942:American Samoa 5938: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5860:South Carolina 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5825:North Carolina 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5569: 5568:External links 5566: 5565: 5564: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5515: 5489: 5470: 5457: 5424: 5415: 5382: 5353: 5327: 5297: 5261: 5234: 5207: 5176: 5140: 5106: 5072: 5040: 5027: 5009: 4981: 4955: 4925: 4895: 4888: 4870: 4843: 4813: 4772: 4765: 4736: 4706: 4699: 4676: 4645: 4615: 4599:whitehouse.gov 4586: 4549: 4517: 4490: 4459: 4426: 4411: 4381: 4354: 4347: 4323: 4297: 4290: 4266: 4251: 4221: 4214: 4194: 4161: 4135: 4108: 4075: 4041: 4011: 3976: 3950: 3920: 3887: 3861: 3835: 3806: 3775: 3744: 3714: 3695: 3672: 3642: 3609: 3602: 3580: 3544: 3532: 3509: 3483: 3451: 3424: 3417: 3397: 3390: 3370: 3344: 3315: 3289: 3275: 3250: 3225: 3195: 3168: 3142: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3079: 3051: 3048: 2936: 2933: 2928:Main article: 2925: 2922: 2885:, one is from 2852: 2849: 2836:Texas v. White 2796:Main article: 2793: 2790: 2770:23rd Amendment 2746:Main article: 2743: 2740: 2648: 2645: 2637: 2634: 2589:North Carolina 2557:Salt Lake City 2548: 2547: 2533: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2494: 2391: 2375: 2359: 2343: 2320:Main article: 2317: 2314: 2296: 2293: 2258:12th amendment 2242:vice president 2086:States' rights 2022: 2019: 1964:states' rights 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1920:, holds that, 1906:unitary states 1901: 1898: 1847:superior court 1843:district court 1824: 1821: 1805:voting systems 1746: 1743: 1718:, and others. 1692:line item veto 1665: 1662: 1652:established a 1650:Lord Protector 1581: 1578: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1541: 1534: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1465: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1444: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1378: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1357: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1316: 1315: 1294: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1221: 1220: 1207: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1188: 1178: 1177: 1153:Main article: 1150: 1147: 1103:Lee Resolution 1090: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1067: 1054: 1041: 1028: 1015: 1002: 989: 976: 963: 950: 948:South Carolina 937: 924: 911: 898: 885: 872: 859: 857:North Carolina 846: 833: 820: 807: 794: 781: 768: 755: 742: 729: 716: 703: 690: 677: 664: 651: 638: 625: 612: 599: 586: 573: 560: 547: 534: 521: 508: 495: 482: 469: 456: 443: 429: 428: 411: 408: 403:Texas v. White 371:states' rights 359:infrastructure 355:transportation 225:. Due to this 190: 189: 187: 186: 175: 173: 169: 168: 166: 165: 159: 157: 153: 152: 150: 149: 142: 134: 132: 128: 127: 125: 124: 117: 109: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 66: 65: 63: 62: 53: 51:Also known as: 47: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10343: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10296: 10295:United States 10286: 10284: 10283:North America 10274: 10272: 10262: 10260: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10227:Census Bureau 10225: 10224: 10221: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10164: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10129: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10121: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10082: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9988:Indian colony 9986: 9984: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9968: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9911: 9906: 9899: 9894: 9892: 9887: 9885: 9880: 9879: 9876: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9854: 9846: 9844: 9836: 9835: 9832: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9749: 9748:Coats of arms 9746: 9745: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9703:Abbreviations 9701: 9700: 9698: 9696:Miscellaneous 9694: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9677: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9608:Homicide Rate 9606: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9586:Constitutions 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9494: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9477:Obesity rates 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9056:Poverty rates 9054: 9052: 9051:Minimum wages 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8958: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8924:Net migration 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8791: 8789: 8784: 8782: 8777: 8776: 8773: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8688: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8635:Energy policy 8633: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8577: 8576:incarceration 8574: 8573: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8461:Prenatal care 8459: 8457: 8456:Birth control 8454: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8393:Homeownership 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8362: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8125: 8124: 8121: 8117: 8116:working class 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8076:homeownership 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7856:Manufacturing 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7792: 7789: 7785: 7784:Third parties 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7151:U.S. attorney 7149: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7096:Chief Justice 7094: 7093: 7092: 7091:Supreme Court 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6996:Public policy 6994: 6992: 6991:Civil service 6989: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6659:Sierra Nevada 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6597:insular zones 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6468:War on Terror 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6448:LGBT Movement 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6103:United States 6097: 6092: 6090: 6085: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015:Palmyra Atoll 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5990:Jarvis Island 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5900:West Virginia 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:New Hampshire 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5765:Massachusetts 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5638: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5552:Stein, Mark, 5551: 5550: 5539: 5538:9780495115410 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5519: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5504:Prentice Hall 5501: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5461: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5419: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5358: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5265: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5118: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5084: 5076: 5057: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5034:Oakes, James 5031: 5023: 5012: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4985: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4943: 4939: 4938:Wvculture.org 4935: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4766:9780061431395 4762: 4758: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4702: 4700:9780231121798 4696: 4692: 4691: 4683: 4681: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4582: 4581:UNT Libraries 4567: 4560: 4553: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4422: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4358: 4350: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4327: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4270: 4262: 4255: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4217: 4215:9781604428179 4211: 4207: 4206: 4198: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4165: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4128:September 25, 4123: 4119: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4046: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4015: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3679: 3677: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3605: 3603:9780787663674 3599: 3594: 3593: 3584: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3502:September 11, 3497: 3493: 3487: 3476:September 21, 3468: 3461: 3455: 3444:September 11, 3439: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3401: 3393: 3391:9781438442365 3387: 3383: 3382: 3374: 3363:September 11, 3358: 3354: 3348: 3337:September 11, 3332: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3243:September 12, 3239: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3092:ISO 3166-2:US 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3038:West Virginia 3035: 3031: 3028:declared the 3027: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2863: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2774:right to vote 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2643: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 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Lopez 2142: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2126:U.S. v. Darby 2122: 2118: 2117:federal power 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2094:U.S. Congress 2091: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2048:federal lands 2046:Ownership of 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960:equal footing 1949:Relationships 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1918:Dillon's Rule 1915: 1911: 1907: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1886:French colony 1883: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:Supreme Court 1860: 1859:supreme court 1856: 1852: 1851:circuit court 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1820: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1787: 1786:Baker v. 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