Ulster Defence Association

1584:—South East Antrim (c.1993–2003) John 'Grug' Gregg was a man with a fearsome reputation within the loyalist movement, known as a "Hawk" in loyalist circles, and controlled the streets of south east Antrim. On 14 March 1984, he severely wounded Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams in an assassination attempt for which he was jailed. When asked by the BBC in prison if he regretted anything about the shooting, his reply was "only that I didn't succeed." He was killed on Belfast's Nelson Street, along with another UDA member (Rab Carson), while travelling in a taxi from the docks in 2003, and the murder was blamed on supporters of Johnny Adair, who had recently been expelled from the UDA in 2002. 350: 49: 1205:, which promoted a consensual end to the conflict in Northern Ireland, while maintaining the Union. The document advocated a power-sharing assembly involving both nationalists and unionists, an agreed constitution and new Bill of Rights. It is not clear, however, whether this programme was adopted by the UDA as their official policy. However, the killing of McMichael that same year and the subsequent removal of Tyrie from the leadership and his replacement with an Inner Council saw the UDA concentrate on stockpiling weapons rather than political ideas. 781: 758:

into a UDA club. Two teenage girls, Henrietta Cowan and Christine Smith, acting under Elizabeth Douglas' orders to give Ogilby a "good rompering", punched, kicked, then battered her to death with bricks and sticks; the autopsy later revealed that Ogilby had suffered 24 blows to the head and body. The killing, which was carried out within earshot of Ogilby's six-year-old daughter, caused widespread revulsion throughout Northern Ireland and was condemned by the UDA prisoners serving inside the

317: 270: 330: 602:, appeared on the scene to challenge Harding Smith's leadership. Anderson became joint chairman of the UDA with Harding Smith. The struggle that ensued between Harding Smith and Herron overshadowed the Inner Council and during the height of the feud Anderson often had to call a register at its meetings, so poor were the turnouts. Herron and Anderson became linked and the East Belfast brigadier took to styling himself as deputy leader to Anderson, whom he treated as sole chairman. 1172: 1487: 5677: 1052: 1593: 980: 972: 1239:, with the goal of making a new Northern Ireland which would have been wholly Protestant. The plan was to be implemented should the British Army withdraw from Northern Ireland. Areas in the south and west with strong Catholic/nationalist majorities would be handed over to the Republic, and those Catholics left stranded in the "Protestant state" would be "expelled, nullified, or interned". The story was printed in 1098: 860: 503:, with Alan Moon of the lower Shankill as its vice-chair. Moon was quickly replaced by Jim Anderson. Moon, who had become reluctant to be involved in vigilantism since the group's formation, willingly stepped aside and ended his association with the UDA soon afterwards. The structure of this new movement soon took shape with a thirteen-man Security Council established in January 1972 as a reaction to a 1499:

location prevented it from fully developing. In the late 1970s a Scottish Brigade was established under the command of Roddy McDonald but this proved short-lived. The security forces infiltrated this brigade almost immediately and in 1979 arrested almost its entire membership, ninety people in all. Six members received particularly lengthy prison sentences for their involvement in UDA activities in

1130:, the UDA's political representatives, stated that the "Ulster Defence Association was formed to defend our communities; we state quite clearly and categorically that this responsibility now rests with the Government and its institutions where legitimacy resides". UDA representative Frankie Gallagher also stated that the group now regretted being responsible for the killing of more than 400 people. 845: 762:. None of the other UDA women's units had consented to or been aware of the fatal punishment beating until it was reported in the news. Douglas, Cowan, and Smith were convicted of the murder and sentenced to imprisonment at Armagh Women's Jail. Seven other members of the women's unit and a UDA man were also convicted for their part in the murder. The UDA "romper rooms", named after 1323:. There has been debate as to whether or not the Red Hand Defenders have become an entity in their own right made up of dissident factions from both the UDA and the LVF (both of which have now declared ceasefires whilst the RHD has not), although much intelligence has been based on the claims of responsibility which, as has been suggested, are frequently misleading. 766:, were places where victims were beaten and tortured prior to being killed. This was known as a "rompering". The "romper rooms" were normally located in disused buildings, lock-up garages, warehouses, and rooms above pubs and drinking clubs. The use of the "romper rooms" was a more common practice among male members of the UDA than their female counterparts. 800:, undertook an armed campaign against the Catholic population of Northern Ireland that would last until the end of the troubles. In May 1972, the UDA's pressured leader Tommy Herron decided that responsibility for acts of violence committed by the UDA would be claimed by the "UFF". Its first public statements came one month later. 1512:—South Belfast (~1980s-present) Resident of the Taughmonagh estate in South Belfast. McDonald was a cautious supporter of the UDA's ceasefire and a harsh critic of Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair during his final years of membership of the organisation. McDonald remains the only brigadier who did not have a commonly used nickname. 1342:. Explosives for the north were mostly shipped in small boats which set out at night from the Scottish coast and made contact at sea with vessels from Ulster ports." Donoghue noted the links between Orange Lodges in Scotland and loyalist paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland and that membership of the 728:

The UDA had several women's units, which were independent of each other. Although they occasionally helped staff roadblocks, the women's units were typically involved in local community work and responsible for the assembly and delivery of food parcels to UDA prisoners. This was a source of pride for

1105:

On 6 January 2010, the UDA announced that it had put its weapons "verifiably beyond use". The decommissioning was completed five weeks before a government amnesty deadline beyond which any weapons found could have been used as evidence for a prosecution. The decommissioning was confirmed by Canadian

757:

dead. The body of Ogilby, a Protestant single mother who had an affair with the husband of one of the unit's members, was found in a ditch five days later. The day of the fatal beating Ogilby was abducted and forced upstairs to the first floor of a disused bakery in Sandy Row that had been converted

1386:

Between 1979 and 1986, Canadian supporters supplied the UVF/UDA with 100 machine guns and thousands of rifles, grenade launchers, magnum revolvers, and hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition. These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used

1306:

is a cover name used by breakaway factions of the UDA and the LVF. The term was coined in 1997 when members of the LVF carried out attacks on behalf of Johnny Adair's "UFF 2nd Battalion, 'C' Company (Shankill Road)" and vice versa. The relationship between the UDA (specifically Adair's West Belfast

1089:

Although the group expressed a willingness to move from criminal activity to "community development," the IMC said it saw little evidence of this move because of the views of its members and the lack of coherence in the group's leadership as a result of its decentralised structure. While the report

597:

In December 1972, Harding Smith and White were acquitted and returned to Belfast. Immediately after their return, a fierce power struggle ensued after Harding Smith declared to his associates: "I'm the boss. I take orders from no one". Fogel was promptly ousted from the B Company command, while the

894:

unit. Over a period of two months, Nelson dictated a police statement covering 650 pages. He claimed that he had been tasked by his FRU handlers with transforming the UDA into a more effective force, particularly at carrying out killings. Using information supplied by his handlers, Nelson produced

593:

were sent to the area, where a stand-off with the UDA ensued. Leading UDA figures eventually entered into street negotiations with senior Army officers, where it was eventually agreed that the UDA could erect small temporary barriers in Loyalist neighbourhoods. That summer, the UDA marched through

1318:

The necessity for a cover name resulted from the need to avoid tensions between the UDA and the UVF, the organisation from which the LVF had broken away. It was perceived that any open co-operation between the UDA and the LVF would anger the UVF, something which proved to be the case in following

605:

By spring 1973, however, Fogel had already returned to his native England, and Anderson decided to stand down. He publicly announced his resignation as joint chairman in March 1973, in part because he was a fairly law-abiding individual who sat uneasily with violently chaotic figures like Harding

1337:

agent Willie Carlin said: “There were safe houses in Glasgow and Stirling. The ferry was pivotal in getting arms into the north – and anything like checkpoints, or armed police and Army in Scotland would have b******d that all up.” An Irish government memo written by David Donoghue stated: "The

1162:

This area also continues to use the "UDA" title in its name, although it too expressed willingness to move towards "community development." Although serious crime is not prevalent among its members, some who were arrested for illegal drug sales and "extortion" were exiled by the Brigade. A clear

625:

and it was regularly described as the "military wing" of Vanguard. At a rally in Lisburn in February 1972, Craig inspected uniformed ranks of UDA members. Craig issued a warning during a rally at Ormeau Park the next month, where thousands of UDA men were present: "If the politicians fail us, it

1498:

In addition to these six core brigades two others may have existed. A seventh Mid-Ulster Brigade is mentioned by Steve Bruce as having existed for part of the UDA's history although Henry McDonald and Jim Cusack characterise this as a "battalion" rather than a brigade and suggest that its rural

929:, the UDA was responsible for 259 killings during the Troubles. 220 of its victims were civilians (predominantly Catholics), 37 were other loyalist paramilitaries (including 30 of its own members), three were members of the security forces and 11 were republican paramilitaries. According to the 1093:

The IMC report concluded that the leadership's willingness to change has resulted in community tension and the group would continue to be monitored, although "the mainstream UDA still has some way to go." Furthermore, the IMC warned the group to "recognise that the organisation's time as a

1090:

indicated the leadership intends to move towards its stated goals, factionalism hindered this change and was the strongest hindrance to progress. Although most loyalist actions were curtailed since the IMC's previous report, most of loyalist paramilitary activity was coming from the UDA.

1578:—North Belfast (2002–2005) Initially a close ally of Johnny Adair, Shoukri and his brother Ihab became involved with the UDA in his native North Belfast. The son of an Egyptian father and a Northern Irish mother, he was expelled from the UDA in 2005 following allegations of criminality. 647: 1374:

loyalist organization known as the Canadian Ulster Loyalist Association (CULA) provided the 'besieged' Protestants with the resources to arm themselves. A Canadian branch of the UDA also existed and sent $ 30,000 to the UDA's headquarters in Belfast by 1975. In 1972, five

1529:—East Belfast (1992–2005) An unlikely figure in Northern Ireland loyalism, the openly bisexual Gray was a controversial figure in the organisation until his death on 4 October 2005. Always flamboyantly dressed, Gray was a key figure in the UDA's negotiations with 1140:, stated that this "is a major act of leadership by the UDA and further comprehensive evidence of the success of politics over violence in Northern Ireland" and the act was also welcomed by Sinn Féin and DUP politicians. The President of the Republic of Ireland, 1455:

The UDA operated a devolved structure of leadership, each with a brigadier representing one of its six "brigade areas". It is not clear whether this brigade structure has been maintained in the UDA's post cease-fire state. The UDA's six "brigade areas" were:

1436:

with only £1. The training, which was described by UDA members as forming "the nucleus of a new loyalist army at the ready", was made possible thanks to "a sophisticated network of legal businesses" which allowed for the implementation of ambitious training

1029:

article that poked fun at the gambling losses of one of its leaders, the UDA banned the sale of the newspaper from shops in areas it controls. Shops that defy the ban have suffered arson attacks, and at least one newsagent was threatened with death. The

737:, whose sons Herbie and James "Sham" Millar would later become prominent UDA members. The UDA women's department was headed by Jean Moore, who also came from the Shankill Road. She had also served as the president of the women's auxiliary of the 614:, commander of West Belfast Brigade's A Company, was chosen as the UDA's chairman. He would soon become the UDA's Supreme Commander, a position he held until an attempted car bombing brought about his retirement in March 1988. 1125:

Chastelain stated that the decommissioning included arms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices and the UDA stated that the arms "constitute the totality of those under their control". Following the decommissioning the

1353:

Protestants in Canada also supported the loyalist paramilitaries in the conflict. Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . . .

1085:

On 11 November 2007 the UDA announced that the Ulster Freedom Fighters would be stood down from midnight of the same day, with its weapons "being put beyond use" although it stressed that these would not be decommissioned.

807:(Provisional IRA) called off its campaign of violence, then it would do the same. However, if the British government announced that it was withdrawing from Northern Ireland, then the UDA would act as "the IRA in reverse." 654:

At its peak of strength it held around forty thousand members, mostly part-time. During this period of legality, the UDA committed a large number of attacks using the name Ulster Freedom Fighters, including the murder of

1420:

the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF)—whose role was to carry out attacks on republican and nationalist targets. However, many regard the UFF as merely a covername used when the UDA wished to claim responsibility for

1546:—North Belfast (Unknown–2002) Simpson is believed to have been an alcoholic, hence his nickname. He was leader of the UDA in the volatile North Belfast area, an interface between Catholics and Protestants in the 1011:

are amongst those to have been killed during the internal strife. On 22 February 2003, the UDA announced a "12-month period of military inactivity". It said it would review its ceasefire every three months. The

1560:—North Antrim and Londonderry (Unknown–2013) He earned his nickname because of his moustache and swarthy appearance, and had overall command of the UDA's North Antrim and Londonderry brigade at the time of the 397:(IRA). In the 1970s, uniformed UDA members openly patrolled these areas armed with batons and held large marches and rallies. Within the UDA was a group tasked with launching paramilitary attacks that used the 580:

At the end of May 1972, Fogel, by then the leader of B Company and Harding Smith's second-in-command, erected the first UDA roadblocks and street barricades, making Woodvale, the area under Fogel's command, a

3818: 745:

of east Belfast, who also ran the public relations and administration section at the UDA headquarters. Wendy Millar's Shankill Road group was a particularly active women's unit, and another was based in

1295:. The links may not have been politically motivated, but for mutually beneficial arms deals. On one occasion the UDA sent Louis Scott, one of a few black members of the UDA, to make the transaction. 875:

was arrested after his "scout" car had been stopped at a RUC checkpoint and large caches of the weaponry were discovered in the boots of his associates' cars. He was sentenced to 19 years in prison.

3859: 1608:(CAIN), states that the UDA/UFF was responsible for at least 260 killings, and lists a further 256 loyalist killings that have not yet been attributed to a particular group. According to the book 2041: 3495: 606:

Smith and Herron. It had been Anderson who had been one of the main thinkers behind the UDA's motto "Law Before Violence" although this was ditched shortly after his resignation in favour of "

3766: 6519: 1909: 626:

might become our responsibility to eliminate the enemy." However, by 1979 the UDA had turned on Craig over his increasingly conciliatory approach to Nationalists and condemnation of the

999:

with the UVF, which led to many killings. The UDA has also been riddled by its own internecine warfare, with self-styled "brigadiers" and former figures of power and influence, such as

1094:

paramilitary group has passed and that decommissioning is inevitable." Decommissioning was said to be the "biggest outstanding issue for loyalist leaders, although not the only one."

1469:, the UDA's largest brigade area, covering all of South Belfast down to Lisburn and operating as far away as South County Down, Lurgan, Portadown and Counties Tyrone and Fermanagh. 3184: 3378: 1428:(the then UDA/UFF commander) in 1985 as a response to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. The UDF operated training camps in rural parts of Northern Ireland that young loyalists such as 837:

in 1988. The weapons landed included rocket launchers, 200 rifles, 90 pistols and over 400 grenades. Although almost two–thirds of these weapons were later recovered by the

459:

in 1994 and ended its campaign in 2007, but some of its members have continued to engage in violence. The other main Loyalist paramilitary group during the conflict was the

741:. Her brother Ingram "Jock" Beckett, one of the UDA's founding members, had been killed in March 1972 by a rival UDA faction in an internal dispute. Moore was succeeded by 538:("Law before violence") and it was a legal organisation until it was banned by the British government on 10 August 1992. Under Smith's command, the UDA was organised along 898:

One of the most high-profile UDA attacks came in October 1993, when three masked men attacked a restaurant called the Rising Sun in the predominantly Catholic village of

1257:, although it did not call for ethnic cleansing. The UDP's Raymond Smallwoods said "I wasn't consulted but the scenario set out is a perfectly plausible one". The DUP's 2504: 3476: 423:

civilians, killed at random, in what the group called retaliation for IRA actions or attacks on Protestants. High-profile attacks carried out by the group include the

3410: 3814: 1261:

stated that the plan "shows that some loyalist paramilitaries are looking ahead and contemplating what needs to be done to maintain our separate Ulster identity"

1111: 2761: 2392: 1711: 1034:

began accompanying the paper's delivery vans. The UDA was also considered to have played an instrumental role in loyalist riots in Belfast in September 2005.

910:. The two men entered and opened fire. Eight people, including six Catholics and two Protestants were killed and nineteen wounded in what became known as the 750:, south Belfast, a traditional UDA stronghold. The latter was commanded by Elizabeth "Lily" Douglas. Her teenaged daughter, Elizabeth was one of the members. 3043: 5712: 526:

as his second-in-command, who trained the new recruits in military tactics, the use of guns, and unarmed combat. Its most prominent early spokesperson was

940:

The UDA employed various codewords whenever they claimed their attacks. These included: "The Crucible", "Titanic", "Ulster Troubles" and "Captain Black".

6514: 5632: 2535: 1224:(UPRG) was subsequently formed to give political analysis to the UDA and act as community workers in loyalist areas. It is currently represented on the 3158: 2049: 3517: 3492: 3296: 753:

The Sandy Row women's UDA unit was disbanded after it carried out a vicious "romper room" punishment beating on 24 July 1974 which left 32-year-old

3758: 3018: 2422: 558:. The organisation drew more members, becoming the largest loyalist paramilitary organisation in Northern Ireland. Unlike its principal rival, the 6451: 4232: 1424:

the Ulster Defence Force (UDF)—whose role was to give "specialist military training" to a select group of UDA members. The UDF was initiated by

1071:

brigade of the UDA, which had been at loggerheads with the leadership for some time, support Shoukri and break away under former UPRG spokesman

6239: 1646: 818:

2nd Battalion, C. Company, which resulted in a greater degree of tactical independence for individual brigades. C. Company's hit squad, led by

775: 378: 3352: 3140: 3067: 1838: 1515:

Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair—West Belfast (1990–2002) An active figure in the UDA/UFF, Adair rose to notoriety in the early 1990s when he led the

631: 1387:

to kill its victims. On 10 February 1976, following the sudden uptick of violence against Catholic civilians by loyalist militants, Irish

1163:

distinction between the factions was not available in the 20th IMC report, as this was the first report to differentiate between the two.

933:, a number of these attacks were carried out with the assistance or complicity of elements of the British security forces. The preferred 3092: 622: 3736: 3180: 3549: 3374: 1037:

On 13 November 2005 the UDA announced that it would "consider its future", in the wake of the standing down of the Provisional IRA and

1744: 4508: 3696: 3442: 3322: 3214: 3118: 2994: 2121: 1884: 1347: 6524: 5705: 5680: 5653: 1796: 1119: 2679:"Plea for calm as UDA faction heads south; The 40 Loyalists forced out of Belfast for Scotland have decided it is time to move on" 2444: 1287:(formed in 1985). Members of these groups helped to smuggle weapons for the UDA. The UDA has received backing from Combat 18, the 1198:, a prominent UDA member killed by the IRA in 1987, amid suspicion that he was set up to be killed by some of his UDA colleagues. 6265: 4786: 3579: 1982:

Between the late 1960s and 2007, the UDA carried out more than 250 killings, the victims of which were mainly Catholic civilians.

1399: 1137: 508: 444: 106: 17: 6301: 6080: 4730: 4366: 1350:

noted in its report that "in 1992 it was estimated that Scottish support for the UDA and UVF might amount to £100,000 a year."

879: 436: 4278: 2951: 2002: 1953: 1048:(IMC) reported UDA involvement in organised crime, drug trafficking, counterfeiting, extortion, money laundering and robbery. 5639: 4182: 4094: 4068: 4035: 3977: 3957: 3473: 2786: 2152: 1771: 1270: 937:

of the UDA was individual killings of civilian targets in nationalist areas, rather than large-scale bomb or mortar attacks.

2500: 4529: 4477: 3627: 2678: 953: 895:

dossiers on proposed targets, which were passed on to UDA hitmen. Nelson was subsequently sentenced to 10 years in prison.

635: 3403: 2478: 6509: 6295: 5698: 5490: 5234: 5178: 5164: 5115: 3860:"Revealed: how Scots loyalists sent gelignite to paramilitaries. Secret memo says explosives were shipped in small boats" 3841: 3240: 1187: 891: 618: 432: 305: 2610:

Ulster's Uncertain Defenders: Protestants Political, Paramilitary and Community Groups and the Northern Ireland Conflict

6401: 5531: 5524: 3792: 3461: 3270: 2310: 2278: 1031: 961: 656: 590: 4543: 6466: 4961: 4863: 4487: 4311: 2593: 1656: 1533: 1201:

In 1987, the UDA's deputy commander John McMichael (who was then the leader of the UFF) promoted a document entitled

1045: 804: 504: 394: 2975: 2868: 5419: 5297: 5122: 4579: 4515: 4274: 4228: 2946: 2754: 1998: 1949: 1703: 1605: 1191: 926: 3040: 6461: 6406: 6366: 6283: 5550: 5440: 5227: 4329: 1448: 1221: 1127: 738: 5087: 4814: 4638: 4631: 4501: 4494: 3877: 2818: 2740: 1661: 1343: 1212:(UDP). It finally dissolved itself in 2001 following very limited electoral success and internal difficulties. 3878:

Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs - Part One: The continuing threat from paramilitary organisations

1144:, described the decommissioning as "a very positive milestone on the journey of peace". US Secretary of State 6138: 6055: 5150: 4933: 2663:"Women Loyalist Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland: Duty, Agency and Empowerment – A Report from the Field". 1477: 1250: 1180: 1157: 664: 585:. The operation attracted a great deal of media and press coverage, resulting in much publicity for the UDA. 559: 4258:

Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles

6481: 6431: 6421: 6253: 5773: 5611: 5388: 5199: 4870: 4659: 4624: 3514: 3292: 2527: 1641: 1241: 1007:(themselves bitter rivals), falling rapidly in and out of favour with the rest of the leadership. Gray and 488: 484: 424: 184: 822:, became notorious for a campaign of random murders of Catholic civilians in the first half of the 1990s. 6476: 5625: 5405: 5339: 4807: 4744: 4563: 4433: 1067:. Some saw this as a sign that the UDA was slowly coming away from crime. The move did see the southeast 451:. Most of its attacks were in Northern Ireland, but from 1972 onward it also carried out bombings in the 3014: 2414: 1383:, bound for ports in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland which were destined for loyalist militants. 6191: 6050: 5618: 5604: 5483: 5426: 5276: 4522: 4359: 1557: 1530: 1388: 627: 109: 4536: 5972: 5886: 5476: 4954: 4429: 4224: 3536: 2577: 1466: 1432:

claim to have attended. One reported 'survival' training technique was to leave trainees stranded in

1391: 1258: 838: 830: 519: 281: 6307: 6289: 6229: 6198: 5950: 5940: 5855: 5820: 5459: 5447: 5433: 5255: 5185: 5101: 5045: 4989: 4713: 4693: 4679: 4617: 4454: 1738:"Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland" 1472: 1299:, who had been in Combat 18 before the UDA, established stronger links once he became a brigadier. 1246: 1038: 440: 428: 254: 3344: 3144: 3064: 1190:(NUPRG) was initially the political wing of the UDA, founded in 1978, which then evolved into the 882:, a prominent UDA member who served as the organisation's intelligence chief, was arrested by the 6441: 6070: 5844: 5646: 5504: 5325: 5129: 5073: 4898: 4884: 4835: 4779: 4652: 4414: 2294: 1632:

The CAIN database says there were 91 UDA members and four former members killed in the conflict.

1330:

assessment reported that 85% of the UDA's "targeting material" came from security force records.

1308: 1209: 841:(RUC), they enabled the UDA to launch an assassination campaign against their perceived enemies. 555: 547: 125:

September 1971 – present (on ceasefire since October 1994; ended armed campaign in November 2007)

5412: 810:

Active throughout the Troubles, its armed campaign gained prominence in the early 1990s through

6471: 6354: 6277: 6259: 6247: 6147: 6097: 6045: 5984: 5966: 5904: 5894: 5318: 5290: 5031: 4877: 4589: 2384: 1651: 1441: 1371: 1312: 1292: 1288: 1236: 992: 797: 695: 460: 136: 3088: 2563: 475:

The Ulster Defence Association emerged from a series of meetings during the middle of 1971 of

6127: 6103: 6092: 6086: 5793: 5747: 5469: 5360: 5262: 5206: 5143: 5052: 4919: 4842: 4352: 3728: 2585: 1526: 1217: 1004: 915: 668: 570: 566: 515: 419:

The UDA/UFF were responsible for more than 400 deaths. The vast majority of its victims were

94: 65: 5346: 3553: 1398:

and his cabinet, asking them as to where the loyalist militants had acquired guns, to which

1216:, son of John McMichael, was the last leader of the UDP, which supported the signing of the 6271: 5915: 5304: 5003: 4912: 4821: 4800: 4686: 3863: 3845: 1737: 1380: 1225: 1020:

has since taken a leading role in ending the association between the UDA and drug dealing.

922: 212: 197: 48: 3688: 3439: 3206: 3114: 2991: 2113: 2095: 2063: 1930: 1876: 1830: 8: 6436: 5576: 5562: 5248: 4772: 4645: 4461: 4421: 2366: 887: 853: 754: 672: 452: 390: 349: 202: 169: 1788: 1346:

at the time was 80,000, and was concentrated in Glasgow, Lanarkshire and Inverness. The

6456: 6426: 6313: 5786: 5269: 5108: 5017: 4975: 4940: 4905: 4828: 3930: 2551: 2448: 2270: 1569: 1547: 1537: 1359: 1303: 1107: 995:

a man on the Taughmonagh estate in south Belfast. It has also been involved in several

911: 903: 785: 464: 448: 377:. It was formed in September 1971 as an umbrella group for various loyalist groups and 259: 217: 3575: 1519:

unit in West Belfast which was responsible for one of the bloodiest killing sprees of

1307:

Brigade, not the wider leadership of the UDA) was initially formed after the death of

780: 5569: 5497: 5094: 4856: 4610: 4603: 4307: 4178: 4031: 3953: 3537:" Clinton welcomes weapons decommission by N. Ireland's loyalist paramilitary group " 3318: 2814: 2782: 2736: 2589: 2306: 2274: 1561: 1017: 883: 826: 694:

The UDA were often referred to by the nickname "Wombles" by their rivals, mainly the

676: 610:". As a compromise candidate between the rival factions of Harding Smith and Herron, 463:(UVF). All three groups are proscribed organisations in the United Kingdom under the 386: 6416: 6216: 6154: 5868: 5066: 4270: 4253: 3474:"Northern Ireland's outlawed Ulster Defence Association says it has fully disarmed" 2015:– choose "organisation" as First Variable and "religion summary" as Second Variable 1581: 1575: 1284: 1232: 1060: 1008: 949: 849: 796:

Starting in 1972 the UDA along with the other main Loyalist paramilitary group the

712: 707: 374: 207: 163: 98: 4090: 4064: 3973: 2148: 1768: 6446: 6372: 6115: 6065: 6040: 5922: 5807: 5667: 5583: 5220: 3521: 3499: 3480: 3446: 3071: 3047: 2998: 2979: 2927: 2765: 2302: 1966:– choose "organisation" as First Variable and "status summary" as Second Variable 1775: 1509: 1500: 1367: 1311:, the previous leader of the LVF, and grew from Adair's personal friendship with 1145: 1064: 957: 476: 413: 367: 192: 86: 3623: 2683: 2173:

Steve Bruce, "Unionists and the Border", in Malcolm Anderson and Everhard Bort,

1175:

Some UDA leaders supported an independent Northern Ireland in the mid–late 1970s

784:

The flag of the "Ulster Freedom Fighters" with a clenched fist representing the

698:(UVF). The nickname is derived from the furry fictional children's TV creatures 663:

and his companion Irene Andrews in 1973. The UDA was involved in the successful

6348: 6185: 6109: 6060: 5935: 5929: 5660: 5590: 3236: 2941: 2470: 1994: 1945: 1551: 1425: 1213: 1195: 1133: 934: 930: 819: 683:

through widespread intimidation across Northern Ireland. The strike was led by

680: 607: 577:

leadership assumed control and Anderson became the acting chairman of the UDA.

420: 322: 275: 77: 1568:

and has been associated with the magazine 'Warrior', which makes the case for

6503: 6411: 6384: 6016: 6006: 5989: 5909: 5875: 5837: 5690: 5367: 2628: 2623: 1543: 1395: 1320: 1141: 1072: 1068: 996: 815: 730: 703: 335: 102: 3788: 3262: 1148:

also welcomed the move as a step towards lasting peace in Northern Ireland.

6378: 6360: 6336: 6330: 6223: 6075: 6034: 6027: 5995: 5959: 5814: 5800: 5732: 4758: 4410: 4375: 1565: 1520: 1429: 1296: 1079: 1025: 1000: 811: 734: 660: 599: 586: 539: 527: 416:

in November 1973, but the UDA itself was not proscribed until August 1992.

409: 382: 370: 298: 286: 90: 5398: 3375:"CBC News: Protestant paramilitary group in N. Ireland renounces violence" 1171: 825:

They benefited, along with the Ulster Volunteer Force, and a group called

6342: 6001: 5978: 5850: 5779: 5554: 2972: 2864: 2077: 2042:"Ireland: 'Many of Belfast's most deadly acronyms are now back in action" 2027:

Ulster's Uncertain Defenders: Loyalists and the Northern Ireland Conflict

1622:

11 (~4%) were members or former members of republican paramilitary groups

1402: 1245:

newspaper on 16 January. The "doomsday plan" was based on the work of Dr

763: 759: 742: 699: 3934: 3918: 3717:

The UDA: Inside the Heart of Loyalist terror. Henry McDonald, Jim Cusack

1724:

On May 26th, 1981, the RUC searched UDA headquarters in Belfast ...

1625:

37 (~14%) were members or former members of loyalist paramilitary groups

1486: 702:, and was given to the UDA because many of its members wore fur-trimmed 491:, with other groups based in East Belfast, the Hammer and Roden Street. 6172: 6121: 6021: 6011: 5899: 5861: 5753: 5597: 1619:

209 (~80%) were civilians, 12 of whom were civilian political activists

1276: 1115: 872: 688: 611: 594:

the streets of central Belfast in a massive demonstration of strength.

582: 531: 523: 500: 398: 71: 31: 3065:

Law and order Belfast-style as two men are forced on a 'walk of shame'

1592: 1051: 483:" groups called "defence associations". The largest of these were the 3729:"Why the streets of Bolton echo to the sounds of a loyalist vendetta" 3663:

Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity

3650:

Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity

1339: 1280: 1076: 988: 979: 965: 907: 899: 864: 747: 543: 480: 456: 1333:

Scotland was a source of fundraising and other types of aid. Former

6179: 2525: 1789:"Loyalist paramilitaries: Who are the groups in Northern Ireland?" 971: 3916: 2854:

Brendan O'Brien, the Long War, the IRA and Sinn Féin (1995), p.91

1536:. It is widely believed that Gray received his nickname from the 1491: 1376: 1355: 886:. It was subsequently uncovered that he was also an agent of the 834: 646: 551: 174: 150: 4225:"Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death" 3950:

The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1968-1998

1394:

and nine other Catholic bishops met with British Prime Minister

1097: 859: 803:

The UDA's official position during the Troubles was that if the

511:

on the Shankill which killed four people including two infants.

408:) so that the UDA would not be outlawed. The British government 4344: 1433: 1363: 1231:

In early January 1994, the UDA released a document calling for

914:. The "UFF" claimed the attack was in retaliation to the IRA's 3166: 844: 1494:

showing support for the North Antrim and Londonderry brigade.

717: 671:: a power-sharing agreement for Northern Ireland, which some 617:

Early in its history the UDA was closely associated with the

1379:

businessmen shipped weapons in grain container ships out of

6520:

Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom

1931:'A History of the UDA' BBC News. Retrieved 28 December 2021 1451:(UPRG)—the UDA's "political advisory body". Formed in 1978. 1013: 684: 2992:"Pat Finucane murder: 'Shocking state collusion', says PM" 2096:"Pat Finucane murder: 'Shocking state collusion', says PM" 867:

area of South Belfast in 2007 (since painted over in 2012)

650:

UDA members marching through Belfast city centre, mid-1972

573:

were arrested in London for gun-trafficking. A temporary

534:

would emerge as leader soon after. Its original motto was

3919:"The Canadian Dimension to the Northern Ireland Conflict" 1334: 1327: 1101:

A UDA/UFF South-East Antrim Brigade mural in Newtownabbey

1063:, two of its senior members who were heavily involved in 30:"C Company" redirects here. For the Bollywood movie, see 4175:

Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and C Company

4028:

Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and C Company

3017:. Independentmonitoringcommission.org. 1 February 2006. 3015:"Eighth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission" 987:

Since the ceasefire, the UDA has been accused of taking

4168: 4166: 4164: 1338:

commonest contribution of Scots UDA and UVF is to send

1112:

Independent International Commission on Decommissioning

3815:"Collusion Cut Both Ways in the Troubles – Standpoint" 2526:

Rosie Cowan, Ireland correspondent (6 February 2003).

1596:

UDA South Belfast Brigade memorial plaque in Sandy Row

4271:"Sutton Index of Deaths: Status of the person killed" 4109: 1612:(2006 edition), it was responsible for 431 killings. 991:

action against alleged rival drug dealers, including

499:

The first meeting, in September 1971, was chaired by

4161: 2188:

Terrorism's laboratory: the case of Northern Ireland

1444:(UYM)—the "youth wing" of the group. Formed in 1973. 5305:

Ceasefires of the Provisional IRA, UVF, UDA and RHC

3842:"Inside story: Why the IRA never attacked Scotland" 1735: 1628:

3 (~1%) were members of the British security forces

983:

A UFF flag in Finvoy, a rural area of County Antrim

729:the UDA. The first women's unit was founded on the 3613:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Pages 184–185. 3457: 3455: 2682: 1940: 1938: 1904: 1902: 1122:and Sir George Quigley, former top civil servant. 921:According to the Sutton database of deaths at the 3947: 3515:"President hails 'milestone on journey of peace'" 3435: 3433: 3431: 2973:"UK agents 'worked with NI paramilitary killers'" 2078:"UK agents 'worked with NI paramilitary killers'" 1587: 381:of almost 24 years as one of the participants of 27:Ulster loyalist paramilitary group formed in 1971 6501: 4247: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 3678:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Page 339-40. 2982:, BBC News, 28 May 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015. 2811:Deadlier Than the Male: Ireland's Female Killers 2733:Deadlier Than the Male: Ireland's Female Killers 6452:Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3464:UK Press Association. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 3452: 2471:"UFF involved in Ulster murders – police chief" 2267:Ulster Loyalism after the Good Friday Agreement 1935: 1899: 918:, which killed nine people seven days earlier. 5720: 3493:" Northern Ireland politicians hail UDA move " 3428: 3377:. Cbc.ca. Associated Press. 11 November 2007. 3054:, 2 September 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2008. 2293: 2149:"Cain web Service: Abstracts on Organisations" 1975: 1910:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations" 1647:Timeline of Ulster Defence Association actions 1503:and the Scottish Brigade quietly disappeared. 1183:, but they have retreated from this position. 776:Timeline of Ulster Defence Association actions 706:. Its headquarters is in Gawn Street, off the 5706: 4360: 4214:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Page 351. 4201:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Page 299. 4054:. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Page 123. 3483:The Canadian Press. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 3293:"UDA expels south east Antrim brigade chiefs" 3078:, 13 January 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2008. 2722:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p.94 2227:The UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2029:. Belfast: Appletree Press. pp. 117–127. 1743:. European Parliament. European Communities. 3992: 3759:"How loyalists got out of step with fascism" 3594: 3115:"Loyalist Drug Dealers Are "Scum" Says UPRG" 2901: 2899: 2850: 2848: 2670: 2175:The Irish border: history, politics, culture 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1602:Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland 1482:North County Antrim & County Londonderry 1264: 943: 906:, where two hundred people were celebrating 3839: 2805: 2803: 2779:Murder Madness: true crimes of the Troubles 2650: 2648: 2646: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 1861:Northern Ireland: A very short introduction 1408: 518:had become the group's leader, with former 237:Over 5,000 at the end of its armed campaign 6515:Organised crime groups in Northern Ireland 5713: 5699: 4367: 4353: 3917:Andrew Sanders and F. Stuart Ross (2020). 2966: 2255:, Dublin, Penguin Ireland, 2004, pp. 64–65 2225:McDonald, Henry & Cusack, Jim (2004). 2206: 2039: 1995:"Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations" 1946:"Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations" 1819:Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair 1692:Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair 1208:In 1989, the ULDP changed its name to the 1151: 710:in east Belfast, and its current motto is 589:troops under the command of Major-General 565:In April 1972, the organisation's leader, 445:killings of Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews 3552:. Scottishloyalists.co.uk. Archived from 2896: 2891:UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror 2865:"Table from CAIN showing deaths per year" 2845: 2823: 2791: 2771: 2699: 2602: 2445:"The Peace Process in Northern Ireland 2" 2253:UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror 1673: 1348:Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee 833:), from a shipment of arms imported from 4318:Inside the UDA: Volunteers and Violence, 4091:"CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations – 'N'" 4065:"CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations – 'Y'" 3974:"CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations – 'U'" 3912: 3910: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3726: 3009: 3007: 2931:obituary for Brian Nelson, 14 April 2003 2800: 2725: 2657: 2643: 2348: 2346: 2319: 2299:UDA: Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror 1871: 1869: 1591: 1506:Some of the notable brigadiers include: 1485: 1253:who in 1986 had published a book called 1170: 1096: 1050: 978: 970: 858: 843: 779: 769: 645: 53:Emblem of the Ulster Defence Association 6266:Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings 4340:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 4212:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 4199:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 4132:, Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 157 4052:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 3952:. Oxford University Press. p. 72. 3689:"Why UDA expelled 'unlikely loyalists'" 3676:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 3611:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 3041:Terror gangs fight to keep street power 2840:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA 2750: 2748: 2720:Crimes of Loyalty: a History of the UDA 2415:"The downfall of Mad Dog Adair, part 2" 2354:Crimes of loyalty: a history of the UDA 2264: 2232: 2143: 2141: 2139: 1400:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1138:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1082:for talks on 13 July in the same year. 14: 6502: 6165:North Antrim & Londonderry Brigade 4731:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 4509:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 4172: 4025: 3795:from the original on 27 September 2009 3398: 3396: 3273:from the original on 23 September 2021 3217:from the original on 23 September 2021 2813:. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan. p.111 2781:. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan. p. 32 2735:. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan. p.108 2712: 2705:Dillon, Martin; Lehane, Denis (1973). 2676: 2634: 2576: 2538:from the original on 23 September 2021 2481:from the original on 25 September 2020 2024: 1841:from the original on 23 September 2021 1564:. He supported the leadership against 5694: 4348: 4177:. Cox & Wyman. pp. 280–283. 3980:from the original on 22 February 2011 3923:The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 3907: 3888: 3739:from the original on 21 December 2016 3582:from the original on 22 February 2011 3416:from the original on 18 December 2008 3355:from the original on 13 November 2007 3243:from the original on 23 February 2011 3095:from the original on 16 November 2007 3004: 2920: 2893:, Dublin: Penguin Ireland, 2004, p. 3 2871:from the original on 7 September 2015 2425:from the original on 29 December 2007 2343: 2155:from the original on 22 February 2011 2040:McKittrick, David (20 January 1998). 2033: 2018: 1987: 1866: 1863:. Oxford University Press, 2002. p.80 1714:from the original on 11 November 2020 1271:Paramilitary finances in the Troubles 3699:from the original on 8 December 2008 3381:from the original on 24 October 2013 3299:from the original on 6 November 2007 2745: 2707:Political murder in Northern Ireland 2507:from the original on 21 October 2020 2395:from the original on 13 October 2021 2340:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2136: 1969: 814:'s ruthless leadership of the Lower 437:James Murray's bookmakers' shootings 6302:Attack on James Murray's bookmakers 5491:Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party 4334:The Long War, the IRA and Sinn Féin 3630:from the original on 2 January 2019 3449:BBC News. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 3393: 3345:"UFF given the order to stand down" 2832: 2124:from the original on 19 August 2017 2114:"UFF given the order to stand down" 1750:from the original on 8 October 2018 1285:British National Socialist Movement 1255:Two Ulsters: A Case for Repartition 1188:New Ulster Political Research Group 764:the children's television programme 598:formidable East Belfast brigadier, 24: 6402:Combined Loyalist Military Command 5532:Social Democratic and Labour Party 5525:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland 4296: 4071:from the original on 6 August 2011 3901:McDonald, Henry & Cusack, Jim 3769:from the original on 20 April 2021 3325:from the original on 16 March 2009 3159:"The Times & The Sunday Times" 3021:from the original on 7 August 2010 2954:from the original on 24 March 2016 2005:from the original on 24 March 2016 1956:from the original on 24 March 2016 1799:from the original on 27 March 2023 1061:Andre Shoukri and his brother Ihab 1059:On 20 June 2006, the UDA expelled 1032:Police Service of Northern Ireland 962:Police Service of Northern Ireland 948:Its ceasefire was welcomed by the 657:Social Democratic and Labour Party 630:, leading the UDA to instead back 385:. Its declared goal was to defend 25: 6536: 4260:. Random House, 2006. pp. 1551–54 3821:from the original on 4 March 2017 3539:Xinhua. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 3440:"UDA confirm guns decommissioned" 3187:from the original on 12 June 2010 3091:. Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com. 2889:Henry McDonald & Jim Cusack, 2677:Wilson, Iain (14 February 2012). 2612:. Belfast: Appletree Press, p.179 2356:. Edinburgh University Press. p.8 1887:from the original on 26 July 2017 1657:Provisional Irish Republican Army 1544:Jimbo 'Bacardi Brigadier' Simpson 1046:Independent Monitoring Commission 805:Provisional Irish Republican Army 395:Provisional Irish Republican Army 80:(Commander of the UFF until 1987) 6296:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting 5676: 5675: 5420:Irish Republican Socialist Party 5235:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting 4374: 4281:from the original on 14 May 2011 4275:Conflict Archive on the Internet 4263: 4235:from the original on 9 July 2017 4229:Conflict Archive on the Internet 4217: 4204: 4191: 4148: 4135: 4122: 4097:from the original on 14 May 2011 4083: 4057: 4044: 3966: 3941: 3870: 3852: 3727:McDonald, Henry (12 July 2003). 3121:from the original on 5 June 2011 2947:Conflict Archive on the Internet 2759:. Ciaran Barnes. 7 February 2010 2447:. Arts.gla.ac.uk. Archived from 1999:Conflict Archive on the Internet 1950:Conflict Archive on the Internet 1615:Of those killed by the UDA/UFF: 1606:Conflict Archive on the Internet 1370:." After the Troubles began, an 1315:, the organisation's new chief. 1194:in 1981 under the leadership of 1192:Ulster Loyalist Democratic Party 1179:In the 1970s the group favoured 1075:. Other senior members met with 723: 667:in 1974, which brought down the 494: 348: 328: 315: 268: 47: 6525:Ulster loyalist militant groups 6462:Ulster Political Research Group 6407:Loyalist Association of Workers 5441:Republican Socialist Collective 5228:Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting 4478:Irish republican paramilitaries 3840:Neil Mackay (12 October 2019). 3833: 3807: 3781: 3751: 3720: 3711: 3681: 3668: 3665:. NYU Press, 2003. Pages 40–41. 3655: 3642: 3616: 3568: 3542: 3530: 3508: 3486: 3467: 3462:"UDA decommissions all weapons" 3367: 3337: 3311: 3285: 3255: 3229: 3199: 3173: 3151: 3133: 3107: 3081: 3057: 3033: 3001:, BBC. Retrieved 11 March 2015. 2985: 2934: 2908: 2883: 2857: 2615: 2570: 2519: 2493: 2463: 2437: 2407: 2377: 2359: 2287: 2258: 2245: 2242:, Oxford University Press, 1992 2193: 2180: 2167: 2106: 2088: 2070: 2056: 1924: 1704:"How the RUC protected the UDA" 1449:Ulster Political Research Group 1279:groups in Britain—specifically 1222:Ulster Political Research Group 1128:Ulster Political Research Group 739:Loyalist Association of Workers 679:demands. The UDA enforced this 507:bomb the previous month at the 306:Designated as a terrorist group 6467:Ulster Workers' Council strike 5116:IRA attacks in the Netherlands 4871:Dublin & Monaghan bombings 4864:Ulster Workers' Council strike 4639:Ulster Volunteer Service Corps 4580:Ulster loyalist paramilitaries 3117:. 4ni.co.uk. 6 November 2007. 2942:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths" 1976:Wright-Neville, David (2010). 1853: 1823: 1811: 1781: 1762: 1729: 1696: 1690:David Lister and Hugh Jordan, 1662:Irish National Liberation Army 1588:Deaths as a result of activity 105:, South East Antrim Commander 13: 1: 5151:Attack on Derryard checkpoint 4325:The Secret History of the IRA 2755:"I heard mum beg for mercy": 2064:"Stevens Inquiry: Key people" 1817:David Lister and Hugh Jordan 1667: 1558:Billy 'The Mexican' McFarland 1181:Northern Ireland independence 1158:UDA South East Antrim Brigade 792:, meaning "striking I defend" 675:thought conceded too much to 665:Ulster Workers Council Strike 641: 489:Woodvale Defence Associations 389:loyalist areas and to combat 6482:Woodvale Defence Association 6432:Shankill Defence Association 6422:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters 6284:Biddy Mulligan's pub bombing 6254:Top of the Hill bar shooting 5200:Downing Street mortar attack 5165:South Armagh sniper campaign 4962:Jonesborough Gazelle downing 4660:Woodvale Defence Association 4625:Ulster Protestant Volunteers 3550:"Ulster Defence Association" 3239:. RTÉ.ie. 13 November 2005. 2681:. The Herald. Archived from 2501:"Ulster Defense Association" 1831:"UFF condemns death threats" 1736:N. J. Haagerup (1983–1984). 1642:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters 1576:Andre 'The Egyptian' Shoukri 871:North Belfast UDA brigadier 687:Assemblyman and UDA member, 636:that year's general election 425:Top of the Hill bar shooting 7: 6477:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist) 4808:Abercorn Restaurant bombing 4564:Direct Action Against Drugs 4544:Irish Revolutionary Brigade 4434:Ulster Special Constabulary 3661:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. 3652:. NYU Press, 2003. Page 45. 3648:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. 3527:. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 3505:. Retrieved 8 January 2010. 2667:. Sandra McEvoy. 2008. p.16 2251:H. McDonald and J. Cusack, 1635: 1166: 509:Balmoral furniture showroom 379:undertook an armed campaign 10: 6541: 6510:Ulster Defence Association 6056:William "Bucky" McCullough 5722:Ulster Defence Association 5484:Progressive Unionist Party 5427:Communist Party of Ireland 5277:Downing Street Declaration 4934:Reavey and O'Dowd killings 4597:Ulster Defence Association 3948:Margaret M. Scull (2019). 2768:Retrieved 28 December 2011 2421:. London. 5 October 2003. 2229:. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. 1531:Northern Ireland Secretary 1268: 1251:Queen's University Belfast 1155: 975:A UDA/UFF mural in Belfast 773: 720:for "Who will separate ?" 562:(UVF), the UDA was legal. 470: 360:Ulster Defence Association 42:Ulster Defence Association 29: 6492:bold indicates brigadiers 6490: 6394: 6323: 6238: 6208: 6164: 6139:South East Antrim Brigade 6137: 6066:Billy "Twister" McQuiston 5949: 5885: 5829: 5766: 5759:position abolished (1988) 5740: 5728: 5545: 5514: 5477:Democratic Unionist Party 5457: 5386: 5377: 5123:Aughanduff Lynx shootdown 4955:La Mon restaurant bombing 4787:Balmoral showroom bombing 4711: 4669: 4577: 4553: 4475: 4444: 4430:Royal Ulster Constabulary 4400: 4391: 4382: 3747:– via The Guardian. 3445:12 September 2017 at the 1283:(formed in 1992) and the 1265:Support from other groups 1055:A UDA/UFF mural in Bangor 1023:Following an August 2005 944:Post-ceasefire activities 839:Royal Ulster Constabulary 831:Democratic Unionist Party 520:Royal Army Ordnance Corps 455:. The UDA/UFF declared a 344: 304: 294: 282:Royal Ulster Constabulary 247: 234:40,000 at its peak (1972) 227: 183: 156: 146: 129: 119: 58: 46: 41: 6290:Milltown Cemetery attack 6061:Stephen "Top Gun" McKeag 5869:Andre & Ihab Shoukri 5434:Irish Independence Party 5389:Irish republican parties 5298:Crossmaglen Lynx downing 5102:Milltown Cemetery attack 4990:Republican hunger strike 4815:Beginning of direct rule 4680:Ulster Protestant Action 4618:Loyalist Volunteer Force 3520:23 November 2010 at the 2978:24 November 2018 at the 2842:(Edinburgh, 2006), p. 21 2809:Kiely, David M. (2005). 2731:Kiely, David M. (2005). 1774:22 February 2011 at the 1517:2nd Battalion, C Company 1409:Structure and leadership 1344:Orange Order in Scotland 1319:years and resulted in a 1039:Loyalist Volunteer Force 255:Loyalist Volunteer Force 6442:Ulster Democratic Party 5647:Special Category Status 5505:Ulster Democratic Party 5460:Ulster loyalist parties 5130:Ballygawley bus bombing 5074:Remembrance Day bombing 4899:Miami Showband killings 4885:Birmingham pub bombings 4653:Protestant Action Force 4530:Republican Action Force 4415:Ulster Defence Regiment 4154:McDonald & Cusack, 4141:McDonald & Cusack, 4115:McDonald & Cusack, 3884:(Report). 26 June 2002. 3479:20 January 2010 at the 3070:16 January 2008 at the 3046:24 October 2007 at the 2997:25 January 2021 at the 2621:Murphy, Dervla (1978). 2265:McAuley, James (2011). 1980:. Polity. p. 194. 1978:Dictionary of Terrorism 1413:The UDA is made up of: 1275:The UDA had links with 1210:Ulster Democratic Party 1152:South East Antrim group 569:and leading UDA member 402:Ulster Freedom Fighters 18:Ulster Freedom Fighters 6472:Ulster Young Militants 6278:Dublin Airport bombing 6260:New Lodge Six shooting 5996:William "Winkie" Dodds 5291:Loughinisland massacre 5088:Start of peace process 5032:Brighton hotel bombing 4878:Guildford pub bombings 4590:Ulster Volunteer Force 4173:Lister, David (2004). 4026:Lister, David (2004). 3498:9 January 2010 at the 2777:Simpson, Alan (1999). 2336:Taylor, Peter (1999). 2297:; Cusack, Jim (2004). 2025:Nelson, Sarah (1984). 1877:"A history of the UDA" 1652:Ulster Volunteer Force 1597: 1495: 1442:Ulster Young Militants 1293:British National Party 1242:The Sunday Independent 1176: 1102: 1056: 1044:In February 2006, the 993:tarring and feathering 984: 976: 868: 856: 798:Ulster Volunteer Force 793: 696:Ulster Volunteer Force 651: 560:Ulster Volunteer Force 461:Ulster Volunteer Force 137:Ulster Young Militants 6116:"Fat" Jackie Thompson 6093:Gary "Smickers" Smyth 6087:Charles Harding Smith 5887:South Belfast Brigade 5830:North Belfast Brigade 5774:Albert "Ginger" Baker 5748:Charles Harding Smith 5470:Ulster Unionist Party 5361:Good Friday Agreement 5263:Shankill Road bombing 5179:Augher Lynx shootdown 5144:Deal barracks bombing 5053:Anglo-Irish Agreement 4920:Balcombe Street siege 4843:Sunningdale Agreement 4393:State security forces 4130:The Edge of the Union 3404:"412882_HC 1112_Text" 3213:. 14 September 2005. 2764:26 April 2012 at the 2718:Wood, Ian S. (2006). 2665:All Academic Research 2608:Sarah Nelson (1984). 2586:Bloomsbury Publishing 2503:. Meta-religion.com. 2352:Wood, Ian S. (2006). 1595: 1562:Good Friday Agreement 1489: 1313:Mark 'Swinger' Fulton 1218:Good Friday Agreement 1174: 1100: 1054: 982: 974: 916:Shankill Road bombing 890:(FRU), an undercover 862: 847: 783: 770:Paramilitary campaign 735:Wendy "Bucket" Millar 669:Sunningdale Agreement 649: 567:Charles Harding Smith 516:Charles Harding Smith 66:Charles Harding Smith 6272:Murder of Ann Ogilby 5951:West Belfast Brigade 5794:Jim "Doris Day" Gray 5767:East Belfast Brigade 5654:Shoot-to-kill policy 5413:Republican Sinn Féin 5347:Second IRA ceasefire 5004:Droppin Well bombing 4913:Tullyvallen massacre 4780:McGurk's Bar bombing 4687:Ulster Service Corps 3351:. 12 November 2007. 3147:on 15 December 2005. 3089:"Scotland on Sunday" 2588:. pp. 128–131. 2120:. 12 November 2007. 1527:Jim 'Doris Day' Gray 1226:Belfast City Council 1120:Archbishop of Armagh 952:Secretary of State, 923:University of Ulster 884:Stevens Inquiry Team 788:and the Latin motto 628:1977 loyalist strike 213:Anti-Irish sentiment 198:Protestant extremism 6437:Ulster Army Council 6308:Castlerock killings 6248:Benny's Bar bombing 6071:James "Sham" Millar 5741:Chairmen of the UDA 5563:Irish republicanism 5256:Bishopsgate bombing 5249:Warrington bombings 5046:Newry mortar attack 4773:Operation Demetrius 4646:Down Orange Welfare 4422:Force Research Unit 4093:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 4067:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 4030:. Cox & Wyman. 3976:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 3866:. 30 December 2005. 3626:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 3578:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 2950:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 2867:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 2829:Nelson, pp.126, 146 2151:. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. 2102:. 12 December 2012. 2052:on 20 October 2017. 1837:. 15 January 2002. 1570:Ulster Independence 888:Force Research Unit 863:A UFF mural in the 848:A UFF mural in the 453:Republic of Ireland 441:Castlerock killings 393:, particularly the 391:Irish republicanism 170:Republic of Ireland 157:Active regions 6457:Ulster nationalism 6427:Red Hand Defenders 6314:Greysteel massacre 6209:Mid-Ulster Brigade 5633:Punishment attacks 5406:Official Sinn Féin 5326:Manchester bombing 5270:Greysteel massacre 5109:Corporals killings 5018:Maze Prison escape 4976:Warrenpoint ambush 4941:Kingsmill massacre 4906:Bayardo Bar attack 4836:Old Bailey bombing 4829:Operation Motorman 4632:Ulster Third Force 3169:on 6 January 2006. 3163:www.thetimes.co.uk 2687:on 5 November 2013 2562:has generic name ( 2271:Palgrave Macmillan 1883:. 6 January 2010. 1859:Mulholland, Marc. 1598: 1538:RUC Special Branch 1496: 1405:replied "Canada". 1360:Ulster Protestants 1304:Red Hand Defenders 1177: 1110:, chairman of the 1108:John de Chastelain 1103: 1057: 985: 977: 912:Greysteel massacre 904:County Londonderry 892:Intelligence Corps 869: 857: 794: 786:Red Hand of Ulster 659:(SDLP) politician 652: 536:Cedenta Arma Togae 465:Terrorism Act 2000 449:Greysteel massacre 260:Red Hand Defenders 218:Ulster nationalism 121:Dates of operation 6497: 6496: 6324:Prominent victims 5688: 5687: 5570:Irish nationalism 5541: 5540: 5498:UK Unionist Party 5379:Political parties 5319:Docklands bombing 5095:Operation Flavius 4857:M62 coach bombing 4707: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4694:Orange Volunteers 4611:Ulster Resistance 4604:Red Hand Commando 4573: 4572: 4471: 4470: 4316:Crawford, Colin. 4184:978-1-84018-890-5 4037:978-1-84018-890-5 3959:978-0-1925-8118-1 3903:UVF - The Endgame 3503:Belfast Telegraph 2787:978-0-7171-2903-4 2627:. Great Britain: 1795:. 27 March 2023. 1600:Malcolm Sutton's 1582:John 'Grug' Gregg 1478:Southeast Antrim 1417:the Inner Council 1018:Frankie Gallagher 827:Ulster Resistance 429:Milltown massacre 387:Ulster Protestant 356: 355: 16:(Redirected from 6532: 6395:Related articles 6217:Robert John Kerr 5715: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5534: 5527: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5384: 5383: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5207:Cappagh killings 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5067:Loughgall ambush 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4859: 4852: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4817: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4566: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4464: 4457: 4437: 4425: 4417: 4398: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4346: 4345: 4330:O'Brien, Brendan 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4267: 4261: 4254:David McKittrick 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4170: 4159: 4152: 4146: 4139: 4133: 4126: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4023: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3914: 3905: 3899: 3886: 3885: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3763:belfasttelegraph 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3620: 3614: 3607: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3512: 3506: 3490: 3484: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3450: 3437: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3269:. 20 June 2006. 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3165:. Archived from 3155: 3149: 3148: 3143:. Archived from 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3085: 3079: 3061: 3055: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2938: 2932: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2894: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2843: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2807: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2775: 2769: 2752: 2743: 2729: 2723: 2716: 2710: 2709:. Penguin. p.232 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2686: 2674: 2668: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2619: 2613: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2363: 2357: 2350: 2341: 2334: 2317: 2316: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2223: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2145: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2066:. 17 April 2003. 2060: 2054: 2053: 2048:. Archived from 2037: 2031: 2030: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1942: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1873: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1785: 1779: 1769:Organisations: U 1766: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1749: 1742: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1554:neighbourhoods. 1249:, a lecturer at 1233:ethnic cleansing 950:Northern Ireland 850:Kilcooley estate 708:Newtownards Road 621:movement led by 375:Northern Ireland 352: 334: 332: 331: 321: 319: 318: 295:Battles and wars 274: 272: 271: 208:Anti-Catholicism 164:Northern Ireland 122: 51: 39: 38: 21: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6486: 6447:Ulster loyalism 6417:Quis separabit? 6390: 6373:Eddie Fullerton 6319: 6234: 6204: 6192:Billy McFarland 6160: 6133: 6051:Alan McCullough 6041:Kenny McClinton 5945: 5923:Jackie McDonald 5881: 5825: 5808:Sammy McCormick 5762: 5736: 5724: 5719: 5689: 5684: 5673: 5668:Five techniques 5666: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5584:Ulster loyalism 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5549: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5462: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5221:Teebane bombing 5219: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4582: 4569: 4562: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4488:Provisional IRA 4486: 4480: 4467: 4460: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4428: 4420: 4409: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4378: 4373: 4299: 4297:Further reading 4294: 4284: 4282: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4209: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4149: 4140: 4136: 4127: 4123: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4024: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3946: 3942: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3838: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3695:. 8 June 2010. 3687: 3686: 3682: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3525:The Irish Times 3522:Wayback Machine 3513: 3509: 3500:Wayback Machine 3491: 3487: 3481:Wayback Machine 3472: 3468: 3460: 3453: 3447:Wayback Machine 3438: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3141:"Press Gazette" 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072:Wayback Machine 3063:Henry McDonald 3062: 3058: 3048:Wayback Machine 3039:Henry McDonald 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3005: 2999:Wayback Machine 2990: 2986: 2980:Wayback Machine 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2928:The Independent 2925: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2776: 2772: 2766:Wayback Machine 2753: 2746: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2713: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2620: 2616: 2607: 2603: 2596: 2575: 2571: 2559: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2451:on 25 June 2009 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2385:"William Craig" 2383: 2382: 2378: 2367:"Inside Ulster" 2365: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2344: 2335: 2320: 2313: 2303:Penguin Ireland 2295:McDonald, Henry 2292: 2288: 2281: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2224: 2207: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2147: 2146: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2046:The Independent 2038: 2034: 2023: 2019: 2008: 2006: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1974: 1970: 1959: 1957: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1925: 1915: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1858: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1776:Wayback Machine 1767: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1734: 1730: 1717: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1674: 1670: 1638: 1590: 1510:Jackie McDonald 1490:A wall sign in 1411: 1372:Orange-Canadian 1368:Irish Catholics 1273: 1267: 1169: 1160: 1154: 1146:Hillary Clinton 1065:organised crime 958:Chief Constable 946: 931:Stevens Enquiry 829:(set up by the 778: 772: 726: 644: 514:By this point, 505:Provisional IRA 497: 473: 414:terrorist group 368:Ulster loyalist 340: 329: 327: 316: 314: 269: 267: 265: 243: 223: 193:Ulster loyalism 179: 142: 120: 115: 110:Billy McFarland 87:Jackie McDonald 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6538: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6349:Ronnie Bunting 6346: 6340: 6334: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6244: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6220: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6186:Torrens Knight 6183: 6176: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6151: 6143: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6110:William Stobie 6107: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5973:Jackie Coulter 5970: 5963: 5955: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5936:Ray Smallwoods 5933: 5930:John McMichael 5926: 5919: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5891: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5841: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5661:HM Prison Maze 5657: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5591:United Ireland 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5535: 5528: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5465: 5463: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5186:Proxy bombings 5182: 5175: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4719: 4717: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4516:Continuity IRA 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4462:Garda Síochána 4458: 4455:Defence Forces 4450: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4426: 4418: 4406: 4404: 4402:United Kingdom 4401: 4395: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4372: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4338:Wood, Ian S., 4336: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4302:Bruce, Steve. 4298: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4262: 4246: 4216: 4203: 4190: 4183: 4160: 4147: 4134: 4121: 4108: 4082: 4056: 4043: 4036: 3991: 3965: 3958: 3940: 3906: 3887: 3869: 3851: 3832: 3806: 3780: 3750: 3719: 3710: 3680: 3667: 3654: 3641: 3615: 3593: 3567: 3556:on 24 May 2007 3541: 3529: 3507: 3485: 3466: 3451: 3427: 3392: 3366: 3336: 3310: 3284: 3254: 3228: 3198: 3172: 3150: 3132: 3106: 3080: 3056: 3032: 3003: 2984: 2965: 2933: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2882: 2856: 2844: 2838:Wood, Ian S., 2831: 2822: 2799: 2790: 2770: 2744: 2724: 2711: 2698: 2669: 2656: 2642: 2633: 2614: 2601: 2594: 2569: 2528:"The Guardian" 2518: 2492: 2462: 2436: 2406: 2376: 2358: 2342: 2318: 2312:978-1844880201 2311: 2305:. p. 64. 2286: 2280:978-0230228856 2279: 2273:. p. 20. 2257: 2244: 2231: 2205: 2192: 2179: 2166: 2135: 2105: 2087: 2084:. 28 May 2015. 2069: 2055: 2032: 2017: 1986: 1968: 1934: 1923: 1898: 1865: 1852: 1822: 1810: 1780: 1761: 1728: 1695: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1604:, part of the 1589: 1586: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1461: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1426:John McMichael 1422: 1418: 1410: 1407: 1392:William Conway 1289:National Front 1266: 1263: 1214:Gary McMichael 1196:John McMichael 1168: 1165: 1156:Main article: 1153: 1150: 1136:, the British 1134:Shaun Woodward 945: 942: 935:modus operandi 820:Stephen McKeag 771: 768: 725: 722: 713:Quis Separabit 681:general strike 643: 640: 632:Peter Robinson 608:Quis separabit 496: 493: 472: 469: 421:Irish Catholic 354: 353: 346: 342: 341: 339: 338: 325: 323:United Kingdom 311: 309: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 290: 289: 284: 276:United Kingdom 264: 263: 257: 251: 249: 245: 244: 242: 241: 238: 235: 231: 229: 225: 224: 222: 221: 215: 210: 205: 203:Irish unionism 200: 195: 189: 187: 181: 180: 178: 177: 172: 167: 160: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 133: 131: 127: 126: 123: 117: 116: 114: 113: 112:, Matt Kincaid 84:Inner Council: 81: 78:John McMichael 75: 69: 62: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6537: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6489: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412:Loyalist feud 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6385:Frankie Curry 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6230:Michael Stone 6228: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6199:Andy Robinson 6196: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6017:Donald Hodgen 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:Ernie Elliott 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5991: 5990:Frankie Curry 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5941:Michael Stone 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5911: 5910:Raymond Elder 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5876:Jimbo Simpson 5873: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5857: 5856:Tommy English 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5838:John Boreland 5835: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5821:Michael Stone 5819: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5683: 5682: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5533: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5516:Other parties 5513: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5369: 5368:Omagh bombing 5365: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4822:Bloody Friday 4819: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4801:Bloody Sunday 4798: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4576: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4552: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4474: 4463: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4341: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4312:0-19-215961-5 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4213: 4210:Wood, Ian S. 4207: 4200: 4197:Wood, Ian S. 4194: 4186: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4158:, pp. 108–109 4157: 4151: 4144: 4138: 4131: 4128:Steve Bruce, 4125: 4118: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4053: 4050:Wood, Ian S. 4047: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3882:UK Parliament 3879: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3677: 3674:Wood, Ian S. 3671: 3664: 3658: 3651: 3645: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3612: 3609:Wood, Ian S. 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3412: 3405: 3399: 3397: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2937: 2930: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2914:Peter Taylor 2911: 2902: 2900: 2892: 2886: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2797:Simpson, p.38 2794: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2702: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2640:Taylor, p.136 2637: 2630: 2629:Penguin Books 2626: 2625: 2624:A Place Apart 2618: 2611: 2605: 2597: 2595:0-7475-4519-7 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578:Taylor, Peter 2573: 2565: 2560:|author= 2553: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2339: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2314: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2282: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2248: 2241: 2238:Steve Bruce, 2235: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2202: 2199:Steve Bruce, 2196: 2189: 2183: 2176: 2170: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2065: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2036: 2028: 2021: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1939: 1932: 1927: 1912:. Home Office 1911: 1905: 1903: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1862: 1856: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1765: 1746: 1739: 1732: 1725: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1493: 1488: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1467:South Belfast 1465: 1462: 1460:North Belfast 1459: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1396:Harold Wilson 1393: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1321:loyalist feud 1316: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1173: 1164: 1159: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1142:Mary McAleese 1139: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1114:, as well as 1113: 1109: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073:Tommy Kirkham 1070: 1066: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 981: 973: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 941: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 896: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 866: 861: 855: 851: 846: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 801: 799: 791: 787: 782: 777: 767: 765: 761: 756: 751: 749: 744: 740: 736: 732: 731:Shankill Road 724:Women's units 721: 719: 715: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 648: 639: 637: 633: 629: 624: 623:William Craig 620: 615: 613: 609: 603: 601: 595: 592: 588: 584: 578: 576: 572: 568: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 502: 495:UDA formation 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433:Sean Graham's 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 412:the UFF as a 411: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 369: 365: 361: 351: 347: 343: 337: 336:United States 326: 324: 313: 312: 310: 307: 303: 300: 297: 293: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 278: 277: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 250: 246: 239: 236: 233: 232: 230: 226: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 188: 186: 182: 176: 173: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 138: 135: 134: 132: 128: 124: 118: 111: 107: 104: 103:James Simpson 100: 99:Andre Shoukri 96: 92: 88: 85: 82: 79: 76: 73: 70: 67: 64: 63: 61: 57: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6379:Ned McCreery 6367:Gerard Casey 6361:Pat Finucane 6337:John Turnley 6331:Paddy Wilson 6224:Eddie Sayers 6222: 6215: 6197: 6190: 6178: 6171: 6153: 6146: 6126: 6114: 6102: 6085: 6081:Brian Nelson 6076:Wendy Millar 6035:Tommy Lyttle 6033: 6028:Matt Kincaid 6026: 5994: 5977: 5965: 5960:Johnny Adair 5958: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5845:John Bunting 5843: 5836: 5815:Ned McCreery 5813: 5806: 5801:Tommy Herron 5799: 5792: 5787:Billy Elliot 5785: 5778: 5733:the Troubles 5731: 5721: 5674: 5353: 5332: 5311: 5283: 5241: 5213: 5192: 5171: 5157: 5136: 5080: 5059: 5038: 5024: 5010: 4996: 4982: 4968: 4947: 4926: 4891: 4849: 4793: 4765: 4759:Falls Curfew 4751: 4737: 4723: 4714:Major events 4596: 4495:Official IRA 4411:British Army 4384:Participants 4376:The Troubles 4339: 4333: 4324: 4323:Moloney, Ed. 4317: 4304:The Red Hand 4303: 4283:. Retrieved 4265: 4257: 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4219: 4211: 4206: 4198: 4193: 4174: 4155: 4150: 4142: 4137: 4129: 4124: 4119:, pp.186–187 4116: 4111: 4099:. Retrieved 4085: 4073:. Retrieved 4059: 4051: 4046: 4027: 3982:. Retrieved 3968: 3949: 3943: 3926: 3922: 3902: 3881: 3872: 3854: 3835: 3823:. Retrieved 3809: 3797:. Retrieved 3783: 3771:. Retrieved 3762: 3753: 3741:. Retrieved 3733:The Observer 3732: 3722: 3713: 3701:. Retrieved 3692: 3683: 3675: 3670: 3662: 3657: 3649: 3644: 3632:. Retrieved 3618: 3610: 3584:. Retrieved 3570: 3558:. Retrieved 3554:the original 3544: 3532: 3524: 3510: 3502: 3488: 3469: 3418:. Retrieved 3383:. Retrieved 3369: 3357:. Retrieved 3348: 3339: 3327:. Retrieved 3319:"UTV report" 3313: 3301:. Retrieved 3287: 3275:. Retrieved 3266: 3263:"BBC Report" 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3231: 3219:. Retrieved 3210: 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3183:. Nuzhound. 3175: 3167:the original 3162: 3153: 3145:the original 3135: 3123:. Retrieved 3109: 3097:. Retrieved 3083: 3076:The Observer 3075: 3059: 3052:The Observer 3051: 3035: 3023:. Retrieved 2987: 2968: 2956:. Retrieved 2945: 2936: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2905:O'Brien p.92 2890: 2885: 2873:. Retrieved 2859: 2839: 2834: 2825: 2810: 2793: 2778: 2773: 2756: 2732: 2727: 2719: 2714: 2706: 2701: 2689:. Retrieved 2684:the original 2672: 2664: 2659: 2654:McEvoy, p.12 2636: 2622: 2617: 2609: 2604: 2581: 2572: 2540:. Retrieved 2532:The Guardian 2531: 2521: 2509:. Retrieved 2495: 2483:. Retrieved 2474: 2465: 2453:. Retrieved 2449:the original 2439: 2427:. Retrieved 2419:The Guardian 2418: 2409: 2397:. Retrieved 2388: 2379: 2370: 2361: 2353: 2337: 2298: 2289: 2266: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2240:The Red Hand 2239: 2234: 2226: 2201:The Red Hand 2200: 2195: 2187: 2186:Alan O'Day, 2182: 2174: 2169: 2157:. Retrieved 2126:. Retrieved 2117: 2108: 2099: 2090: 2081: 2072: 2058: 2050:the original 2045: 2035: 2026: 2020: 2007:. Retrieved 1989: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1958:. Retrieved 1926: 1914:. Retrieved 1889:. Retrieved 1880: 1860: 1855: 1843:. Retrieved 1834: 1825: 1818: 1813: 1801:. Retrieved 1792: 1783: 1764: 1752:. Retrieved 1731: 1723: 1716:. Retrieved 1707: 1698: 1691: 1631: 1614: 1609: 1601: 1599: 1580: 1574: 1566:Johnny Adair 1556: 1542: 1525: 1521:the Troubles 1516: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1497: 1473:West Belfast 1463:East Belfast 1454: 1430:Johnny Adair 1412: 1385: 1352: 1332: 1325: 1317: 1309:Billy Wright 1301: 1297:Johnny Adair 1274: 1259:Sammy Wilson 1254: 1247:Liam Kennedy 1240: 1230: 1207: 1203:Common Sense 1202: 1200: 1185: 1178: 1161: 1132: 1124: 1104: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080:Bertie Ahern 1058: 1043: 1036: 1026:Sunday World 1024: 1022: 1001:Johnny Adair 986: 947: 939: 927:CAIN project 920: 897: 880:Brian Nelson 877: 870: 824: 812:Johnny Adair 809: 802: 795: 790:Feriens tego 789: 752: 727: 711: 693: 661:Paddy Wilson 653: 616: 604: 600:Tommy Herron 596: 587:British Army 579: 574: 564: 540:paramilitary 535: 528:Tommy Herron 513: 498: 474: 418: 405: 401: 383:the Troubles 371:paramilitary 363: 359: 357: 299:The Troubles 287:British Army 266: 262:(until 2002) 240:2,000 (2023) 147:Headquarters 139:(youth wing) 91:Johnny Adair 83: 36: 6355:James Craig 6343:Miriam Daly 6148:Joe English 6098:Sammy Smyth 6046:Sam McCrory 6002:Hester Dunn 5985:James Craig 5979:Mo Courtney 5967:Ken Barrett 5905:James Craig 5895:David Adams 5851:Sammy Duddy 5780:Jimmy Birch 5756:(1973-1988) 5750:(1971-1973) 5555:peace lines 5551:Segregation 4285:1 September 4239:1 September 3743:13 December 3303:19 February 2757:Sunday Life 2399:29 November 1916:24 December 1708:Irish Times 1552:Tiger's Bay 1437:programmes. 1403:Merlyn Rees 1237:repartition 954:Paul Murphy 760:Maze Prison 743:Hester Dunn 716:, which is 700:The Wombles 677:nationalist 591:Robert Ford 542:lines into 530:; however, 74:(1973–1988) 68:(1971–1973) 6504:Categories 6173:Glenn Barr 6155:John Gregg 6128:John White 6122:Andy Tyrie 6104:Jim Spence 6022:Billy Hull 6012:Davy Fogel 5900:Joe Bratty 5862:Davy Payne 5754:Andy Tyrie 5598:Free Derry 4671:Vigilantes 4555:Vigilantes 3864:The Herald 3846:The Herald 3181:"Nuzhound" 2819:0717138941 2741:0717138941 2534:. London. 2371:BBC Rewind 1668:References 1610:Lost Lives 1269:See also: 1116:Lord Eames 1009:John Gregg 956:, and the 873:Davy Payne 774:See also: 755:Ann Ogilby 689:Glenn Barr 642:Membership 612:Andy Tyrie 583:no-go area 571:John White 544:battalions 532:Andy Tyrie 524:Davy Fogel 501:Billy Hull 410:proscribed 399:cover name 72:Andy Tyrie 32:C Kkompany 5916:Alex Kerr 5399:Sinn Féin 5158:1990–1997 4724:1967–1972 4537:Saor Éire 2916:Loyalists 2582:Loyalists 2552:cite news 2389:The Times 2338:Loyalists 1754:9 October 1718:9 October 1548:New Lodge 1534:John Reid 1340:gelignite 1281:Combat 18 1118:, former 1077:Taoiseach 989:vigilante 966:Hugh Orde 908:Halloween 900:Greysteel 878:In 1992, 865:Sandy Row 748:Sandy Row 673:unionists 548:companies 481:vigilante 457:ceasefire 373:group in 220:(briefly) 6180:Ken Kerr 5681:Category 5640:Finances 5577:Unionism 5340:NI riots 4745:NI riots 4523:Real IRA 4306:, 1992, 4279:Archived 4277:(CAIN). 4233:Archived 4231:(CAIN). 4095:Archived 4069:Archived 3978:Archived 3935:27041321 3819:Archived 3793:Archived 3773:3 August 3767:Archived 3737:Archived 3697:Archived 3693:BBC News 3628:Archived 3580:Archived 3518:Archived 3496:Archived 3477:Archived 3443:Archived 3411:Archived 3379:Archived 3353:Archived 3349:BBC News 3323:Archived 3321:. U.tv. 3297:Archived 3271:Archived 3267:BBC News 3241:Archived 3215:Archived 3211:BBC News 3185:Archived 3119:Archived 3093:Archived 3068:Archived 3044:Archived 3019:Archived 2995:Archived 2976:Archived 2952:Archived 2869:Archived 2762:Archived 2580:(1999). 2536:Archived 2505:Archived 2479:Archived 2475:BBC News 2423:Archived 2393:Archived 2153:Archived 2128:28 March 2122:Archived 2118:BBC News 2100:BBC News 2082:BBC News 2009:15 March 2003:Archived 2001:(CAIN). 1960:15 March 1954:Archived 1952:(CAIN). 1891:28 March 1885:Archived 1881:BBC News 1845:28 March 1839:Archived 1835:BBC News 1797:Archived 1793:BBC News 1772:Archived 1745:Archived 1712:Archived 1636:See also 1421:attacks. 1389:cardinal 1291:and the 1277:Neo-Nazi 1167:Politics 1106:General 1005:Jim Gray 816:Shankill 619:Vanguard 575:de facto 556:sections 552:platoons 522:soldier 485:Shankill 477:loyalist 447:and the 366:) is an 185:Ideology 166:(mostly) 130:Group(s) 95:Jim Gray 6240:Actions 5730:during 5626:Parades 4446:Ireland 4256:et al. 4145:, p. 25 4101:16 June 4075:16 June 3984:16 June 3929:: 195. 3825:4 March 3799:16 June 3791:. FAS. 3703:16 June 3634:16 June 3586:16 June 3560:16 June 3420:16 June 3385:16 June 3329:16 June 3277:16 June 3247:16 June 3221:16 June 3191:16 June 3125:16 June 3099:16 June 3025:16 June 2958:16 June 2875:16 June 2631:. p.150 2542:16 June 2511:16 June 2455:16 June 2190:, p.118 2177:, p.129 2159:16 June 1803:22 July 1492:Dervock 1381:Halifax 1377:Toronto 1356:Ontario 1326:A 1985 960:of the 835:Lebanon 471:History 175:England 151:Belfast 59:Leaders 6387:(1999) 6381:(1992) 6375:(1991) 6369:(1989) 6363:(1989) 6357:(1988) 6351:(1980) 6345:(1980) 6339:(1980) 6333:(1973) 6316:(1993) 6310:(1993) 6304:(1992) 6298:(1992) 6292:(1988) 6286:(1975) 6280:(1975) 6274:(1974) 6268:(1973) 6262:(1973) 6256:(1972) 6250:(1972) 5619:Murals 4310: 4181: 4034: 3956: 3933: 3624:"CAIN" 3359:26 May 2817: 2785: 2739: 2691:14 May 2592: 2485:26 May 2429:26 May 2309: 2277: 2203:, p.50 1778:, CAIN 1434:Dublin 1366:is to 1364:Boston 1358:is to 1220:. The 1069:Antrim 854:Bangor 704:parkas 439:, the 431:, the 427:, the 333: 320: 273: 248:Allies 5612:Flags 5605:Films 5448:Unity 4320:2003. 3931:JSTOR 3789:"FAS" 3576:"UDA" 3414:(PDF) 3407:(PDF) 3237:"RTÉ" 3207:"BBC" 1748:(PDF) 1741:(PDF) 1501:Perth 1362:what 997:feuds 718:Latin 5354:1998 5333:1997 5312:1996 5284:1994 5242:1993 5214:1992 5193:1991 5172:1990 5137:1989 5081:1988 5060:1987 5039:1985 5025:1984 5011:1983 4997:1982 4983:1981 4969:1979 4948:1978 4927:1976 4892:1975 4850:1974 4794:1972 4766:1971 4752:1970 4738:1969 4502:INLA 4308:ISBN 4287:2014 4241:2014 4179:ISBN 4103:2010 4077:2010 4032:ISBN 3986:2010 3954:ISBN 3827:2017 3801:2010 3775:2021 3745:2016 3705:2010 3636:2010 3588:2010 3562:2010 3422:2010 3387:2010 3361:2010 3331:2010 3305:2008 3279:2010 3249:2010 3223:2010 3193:2010 3127:2010 3101:2010 3027:2010 2960:2010 2877:2010 2815:ISBN 2783:ISBN 2737:ISBN 2693:2012 2590:ISBN 2564:help 2544:2010 2513:2010 2487:2010 2457:2010 2431:2010 2401:2022 2307:ISBN 2275:ISBN 2161:2010 2130:2010 2011:2011 1962:2011 1918:2021 1893:2010 1847:2010 1805:2024 1756:2018 1720:2019 1550:and 1447:the 1440:the 1302:The 1235:and 1186:The 1014:UPRG 1003:and 685:VUPP 554:and 487:and 435:and 358:The 345:Flag 228:Size 4156:UDA 4143:UDA 4117:UDA 1335:MI5 1328:MI5 1016:'s 925:'s 852:in 733:by 634:in 406:UFF 364:UDA 6506:: 4332:. 4273:. 4227:. 4163:^ 3994:^ 3927:43 3925:. 3921:. 3909:^ 3890:^ 3880:. 3862:. 3844:. 3817:. 3765:. 3761:. 3735:. 3731:. 3691:. 3596:^ 3454:^ 3430:^ 3409:. 3395:^ 3347:. 3295:. 3265:. 3209:. 3161:. 3074:, 3050:, 3006:^ 2944:. 2898:^ 2847:^ 2802:^ 2747:^ 2645:^ 2584:. 2556:: 2554:}} 2550:{{ 2530:. 2477:. 2473:. 2417:. 2391:. 2387:. 2369:. 2345:^ 2321:^ 2301:. 2269:. 2208:^ 2138:^ 2116:. 2098:. 2080:. 2044:. 1997:. 1948:. 1937:^ 1901:^ 1879:. 1868:^ 1833:. 1791:. 1722:. 1710:. 1706:. 1675:^ 1572:. 1540:. 1523:. 1228:. 1041:. 968:. 964:, 902:, 691:. 638:. 550:, 546:, 467:. 443:, 308:by 108:, 101:, 97:, 93:, 89:, 5714:e 5707:t 5700:v 5557:) 5553:( 4436:) 4432:( 4424:) 4413:( 4368:e 4361:t 4354:v 4289:. 4243:. 4187:. 4105:. 4079:. 4040:. 3988:. 3962:. 3937:. 3848:. 3829:. 3803:. 3777:. 3707:. 3638:. 3590:. 3564:. 3424:. 3389:. 3363:. 3333:. 3307:. 3281:. 3251:. 3225:. 3195:. 3129:. 3103:. 3029:. 2962:. 2879:. 2695:. 2598:. 2566:) 2546:. 2515:. 2489:. 2459:. 2433:. 2403:. 2373:. 2315:. 2283:. 2163:. 2132:. 2013:. 1964:. 1920:. 1895:. 1849:. 1807:. 1758:. 479:" 404:( 362:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.