264:
244:, allied with ‘Umar and launching frequent expeditions against Byzantium, either in conjunction with ʿUmar or independently. In 844, ʿUmar's forces participated in a major raid that inflicted a heavy defeat upon an army led by the Byzantine chief minister,
437:. The German scholar Hans-Georg Beck finds this identification unlikely, but points out the reference to a "short-armed" Arab leader in the same tale, which may reflect a folk tradition based on ʿUmar. Finally, the 10th-century scholar
216:(r. 829–842) against the Arab border emirates, including Malatya, whose territory was laid waste and depopulated. During the Amorium campaign, ʿUmar took part with his men in the great Arab victory over Theophilos himself at the
365:
Indeed, ʿUmar's death marked the end of
Malatya as a military threat to Byzantium, although the city itself would remain in Muslim hands for 70 more years. ʿUmar himself was succeeded by his son, Abu Abdallah, and grandson,
400:, who furnish most of the heroic characters. Traditions about ʿUmar seem also to have influenced the story cycle around ‘Umar ibn al-Numan and his sons which became included in the
968:
396:), he is a major figure, although his role has been diminished and he is often cast as almost a villain, due to the tale's bias in favour of the Banu Sulaym's rivals, the
425:
In
Byzantine literature, ʿUmar is regarded by modern scholars as the probable prototype for the emir Ambron, the grandfather of the eponymous hero in the epic poem
194:. His father, ʿAbdallah or ʿUbaydallah, is little known, except that he was also emir of Malatya, and that ca. 810 he surrendered to the Byzantines the fortress of
1001:
875:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255
802:. Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern languages and Literatures.
996:
447:, VIII, 74–75) that ʿUmar was among the "illustrious Muslims" whose portraits were displayed in Byzantine churches in recognition of their valour.
322:, returning with over 12,000 head of captured livestock. Three years later, he was part of a major Abbasid force that invaded Anatolia through the
861:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
326:. After splitting off from the main force and repulsing a Byzantine army under Emperor Michael III at Mardj al-Usquf ("Bishop's Meadow") in
1016:
796:
The
Battalname, an Ottoman Turkish Frontier Epic Wondertale: Introduction, Turkish Transcription, English Translation and Commentary
229:
338:
on 3 September 863. Only a splinter of his army escaped under his son, but was then defeated and captured by the commander of the
935:
883:
845:
743:
382:
Like many other protagonists of the Arab–Byzantine Wars, ʿUmar figures in both Arab and
Byzantine legend. In the Arab epic
1026:
241:
911:
822:
991:
813:
169:
1021:
402:
383:
280:
209:(r. 833–842). The campaign was waged in retaliation for a large-scale raid in the previous year by the
903:
279:, and to have carried out a number of successful raids into Byzantium. One of them swept through the
406:, while ʿUmar himself features in later Turkish epic literature centred around the heroic figure of
794:
224:, who were fleeing persecution in Byzantium, and allocated them the area around the fortresses of
347:
431:, while the Greek scholar G. Veloudis suggested him as the origin of the eponymous hero of the
249:
173:
833:
878:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
271:
In the 850s, ʿUmar is recorded as having defeated an expedition led by the
Byzantine emperor
756:(1961). "Les principaux personnages du roman de chevalerie arabe Ḏāt al-Himma wa-l-Baṭṭāl".
201:ʿUmar himself probably became emir of Malatya in the 830s, and first appears in 838, in the
1006:
855:
213:
8:
986:
443:
94:
781:
415:
335:
300:
141:
55:
176:
and played an important role in the affairs of
Malatya and the Jaziran frontier zone (
931:
907:
879:
841:
818:
808:
773:
739:
217:
210:
893:
765:
433:
367:
183:
153:
145:
925:
897:
873:
733:
729:
427:
202:
85:
346:, when the news of ʿUmar's death, along with that of another celebrated leader,
144:
on 3 September 863. During this time, he was one of the greatest threats to the
1011:
371:
334:. On his return, however, he was encircled by the Byzantines and killed at the
323:
206:
299:. He was unable, however, to stop a retaliatory expedition launched in 856 by
267:
Map of
Byzantine Asia Minor and the Arab–Byzantine borderlands in ʿUmar's time
980:
869:
777:
753:
438:
319:
220:
in July 838. In the 840s, he provided refuge to the surviving members of the
769:
921:
407:
838:
E.J. Brill's First
Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume V: L–Moriscos
252:. In the late 840s, he was also engaged in warfare against a neighbouring
859:
272:
245:
165:
930:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
785:
397:
339:
327:
304:
284:
263:
221:
343:
315:
260:, whom he finally vanquished after a protracted and bloody conflict.
253:
126:
106:
817:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2139–2140.
392:
311:
296:
292:
288:
276:
225:
187:
958:
411:
359:
355:
351:
257:
237:
233:
195:
191:
178:
137:
34:
370:, who was forced to surrender the city to the Byzantine general
148:
on its eastern frontier, and became a prominent figure in later
331:
149:
350:, arrived in Iraq, they provoked riots among the populace of
310:
In 860, along with Karbeas, ʿUmar launched a major raid into
130:
120:
100:
65:
954:
330:, ʿUmar with his men headed north to sack the port city of
303:
against Melitene and Tephrike, which raided all the way to
133:
30:
858:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
480:, 'Umar ibn 'Abdallāh ibn Marwān al-Aqta' (#8552/corr.).
198:
to obtain the release of his son, who was held captive.
291:and reached up to the great Byzantine army base of
978:
140:(Melitene) from the 830s until his death in the
307:, taking many prisoners before returning home.
589:
587:
806:
506:
418:), who is also one of the main heroes of the
899:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
735:Geschichte der byzantinischen Volksliteratur
168:tribe, which was established in the western
864:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
807:Hollingsworth, Paul A. (1991). "'Umar". In
584:
550:
548:
546:
544:
531:
529:
527:
892:
831:
629:
593:
578:
566:
554:
16:Arab Emir of Malatya from the 830s to 863
541:
524:
262:
997:9th-century monarchs in the Middle East
920:
653:
617:
605:
1002:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
979:
868:
836:. In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
752:
677:
665:
641:
535:
518:
489:
792:
689:
502:
500:
498:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
362:government's perceived incompetence.
728:
713:
701:
840:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 192–197.
89:
13:
1017:Governors of the Abbasid Caliphate
814:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
495:
456:
377:
129:sources, was the semi-independent
14:
1038:
927:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
358:, and other cities, angry at the
854:
738:(in German). Munich: C.H. Beck.
477:
707:
695:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
242:separate Paulician principality
78:ʿAmr ibn ʿUbaydallāh ibn Marwān
572:
560:
512:
483:
393:Sīrat Ḏāt al-Himma wa-l-Baṭṭāl
388:Tale of Delhemma and al-Battal
74:ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Marwān
1:
969:Abu Abdallah ibn Umar al-Aqta
450:
159:
107:
7:
410:(inspired by the real-life
403:One Thousand and One Nights
10:
1043:
722:
121:
111:, in Greek), and found as
101:
99:'the one-handed';
1027:Monarchs killed in action
965:
952:
947:
904:Stanford University Press
61:
49:
41:
28:
23:
902:. Stanford, California:
793:Dedes, Georgios (1996).
992:9th-century Arab people
770:10.1163/157005861X00377
348:Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani
342:district. According to
236:. The Paulician leader
832:Honigmann, E. (1987).
268:
250:Battle of Mauropotamos
164:ʿUmar belonged to the
856:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
509:, pp. 2139–2140.
275:(r. 842–867) against
266:
656:, pp. 311, 317.
569:, pp. 448, 451.
521:, pp. 159, 171.
680:, pp. 167–169.
668:, pp. 169–171.
492:, pp. 170–171.
444:The Meadows of Gold
240:turned this into a
172:at the time of the
1022:History of Malatya
809:Kazhdan, Alexander
507:Hollingsworth 1991
416:Abdallah al-Battal
336:Battle of Lalakaon
314:which reached the
269:
190:frontier with the
142:Battle of Lalakaon
975:
974:
966:Succeeded by
937:978-0-520-20496-6
894:Treadgold, Warren
885:978-0-87395-883-7
847:978-90-04-08265-6
745:978-3-406-01420-8
716:, pp. 54–55.
704:, pp. 73–75.
218:Battle of Dazimon
211:Byzantine emperor
156:epic literature.
98:
71:
70:
1034:
945:
944:
941:
917:
889:
865:
851:
828:
803:
801:
789:
749:
730:Beck, Hans Georg
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
692:, pp. 3–16.
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
644:, pp. 9–11.
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
539:
533:
522:
516:
510:
504:
493:
487:
481:
475:
434:Song of Armouris
203:Amorium campaign
184:Byzantine Empire
174:Muslim conquests
146:Byzantine Empire
124:
123:
110:
104:
103:
93:
91:
21:
20:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:
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971:
962:
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886:
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561:
553:
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534:
525:
517:
513:
505:
496:
488:
484:
476:
457:
453:
428:Digenes Akritas
380:
378:Cultural legacy
186:as well as the
162:
54:
53:3 September 863
17:
12:
11:
5:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
973:
972:
967:
964:
951:
943:
942:
936:
918:
912:
890:
884:
872:, ed. (1985).
870:Saliba, George
866:
852:
846:
829:
823:
804:
790:
764:(2): 158–173.
754:Canard, Marius
750:
744:
724:
721:
719:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
632:, p. 452.
630:Treadgold 1997
622:
620:, p. 311.
610:
608:, p. 310.
598:
596:, p. 451.
594:Treadgold 1997
583:
581:, p. 447.
579:Treadgold 1997
571:
567:Treadgold 1997
559:
557:, p. 193.
555:Honigmann 1987
540:
538:, p. 170.
523:
511:
494:
482:
454:
452:
449:
379:
376:
372:John Kourkouas
324:Cilician Gates
205:of the Caliph
161:
158:
122:Ἄμερ or Ἄμβρος
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1039:
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988:
985:
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961:
960:
956:
950:
946:
939:
933:
929:
928:
923:
922:Whittow, Mark
919:
915:
913:0-8047-2630-2
909:
905:
901:
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824:0-19-504652-8
820:
816:
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783:
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771:
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760:(in French).
759:
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751:
747:
741:
737:
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731:
727:
726:
715:
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703:
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551:
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515:
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491:
486:
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462:
460:
455:
448:
446:
445:
440:
436:
435:
430:
429:
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417:
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389:
385:
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329:
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317:
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308:
306:
302:
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294:
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274:
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48:
44:
40:
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
953:
948:
926:
898:
874:
860:
837:
812:
795:
761:
757:
734:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
654:Whittow 1996
649:
637:
625:
618:Whittow 1996
613:
606:Whittow 1996
601:
574:
562:
514:
485:
442:
432:
426:
424:
419:
408:Battal Ghazi
401:
391:
387:
381:
364:
309:
270:
200:
177:
163:
116:
112:
108:monocherares
81:
77:
73:
72:
29:
24:Umar al-Aqta
18:
1007:Banu Sulaym
678:Canard 1961
666:Canard 1961
642:Saliba 1985
536:Canard 1961
519:Canard 1961
490:Canard 1961
273:Michael III
256:lord named
246:Theoktistos
207:al-Mu'tasim
182:) with the
166:Banu Sulaym
102:μονοχεράρης
80:, surnamed
987:863 deaths
981:Categories
690:Dedes 1996
451:References
439:al-Mas'udi
398:Banu Kilab
340:Charsianon
328:Cappadocia
285:Thrakesion
222:Paulicians
214:Theophilos
963:830s–863
834:"Malaṭya"
778:0570-5398
714:Beck 1971
702:Beck 1971
441:reports (
344:al-Tabari
316:Black Sea
248:, at the
188:Caucasian
160:Biography
127:Byzantine
924:(1996).
896:(1997).
732:(1971).
420:Delhemma
414:general
374:in 934.
368:Abu Hafs
318:port of
312:Anatolia
301:Petronas
297:Bithynia
293:Malagina
289:Opsikion
277:Samosata
254:Armenian
226:Tephrike
82:al-Aqtaʾ
62:Religion
45:830s–863
959:Malatya
949:Unknown
811:(ed.).
786:4055170
758:Arabica
723:Sources
412:Umayyad
384:romance
360:Abbasid
356:Samarra
352:Baghdad
258:Skleros
238:Karbeas
234:Argaoun
196:Kamacha
192:Khazars
179:thughur
154:Turkish
138:Malatya
97:
35:Malatya
934:
910:
882:
844:
821:
784:
776:
742:
332:Amisos
320:Sinope
281:themes
170:Jazira
150:Arabic
117:Ambros
90:الأقطع
86:Arabic
56:Porson
1012:Emirs
800:(PDF)
782:JSTOR
305:Amida
230:Amara
125:) in
66:Islam
42:Reign
955:Emir
932:ISBN
908:ISBN
880:ISBN
842:ISBN
819:ISBN
774:ISSN
740:ISBN
478:PmbZ
287:and
232:and
152:and
134:emir
131:Arab
113:Amer
95:lit.
50:Died
31:Emir
957:of
766:doi
390:" (
295:in
283:of
136:of
115:or
76:or
33:of
983::
906:.
780:.
772:.
586:^
543:^
526:^
497:^
458:^
422:.
354:,
228:,
105:,
92:,
88::
940:.
916:.
888:.
850:.
827:.
788:.
768::
762:8
748:.
386:"
119:(
84:(
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