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along the canal and waterways. They started growing two crops a year instead of one, with most growing three. The canal brought great prosperity to the region and has become an integral part of it. More than one million people directly or indirectly depend on the Upper Swat Canal for their
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Even though the original design of the Upper Swat Canal had a much greater discharge, the Benton Tunnel created a bottleneck due to its unlined nature, hence the total discharge of the canal was limited to 1,800 cusecs.
255:. The costs were cut by constructing a shorter and more direct main canal. The new tunnel was 11,235 feet (2 miles) long, with a slope of 1:215, velocity of 11.2 feet per second and a discharge of 2,218 cusecs.
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was interfered by graveyards, hence it had to be abandoned. This alignment consisted of a 5,000 feet long tunnel, with a slope of 1/100, velocity of 15.2 feet per second and a discharge of 2,394 cusecs.
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area is 276,000 acres of land and discharge is 1,800 cusecs. The length of the main canals is 138 miles and that of the distributaries is 431 miles.
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spent roughly US$ 130 million to upgrade the existing system of the Upper Swat Canal and the Lower Swat Canal by improving surface and subsurface
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in late 1916 and the cost was "206 lakhs of Rupees" or Rs20.6 million at the time. It was supervised and executed by
Executive Engineer of the
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and providing support facilities. The project also involved the creation of an auxiliary tunnel to overcome the Benton Tunnel's bottleneck.
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After completing preliminary work, surveys, acquiring land and selecting alignments, it was found that the alignment of the main canal from
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425:. Vol. 6. North-west Frontier Province (Pakistan) (published 26 July 2008). 1931. p. 200.
334:, fruits and vegetables. Small villages grew into small towns, the local population began to grow
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Work on the tunnel began in March 1910 and was completed in 1914 (now called Benton Tunnel), with
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A new alignment was soon found, however the new alignment included a longer tunnel through the
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in the region commencing the same year. The Upper Swat Canal was declared complete by the
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507:: Superintendent Government Printing, India (published 19 April 2012). 1915. p. 333.
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Printed at the
Government Monotype Press (published 13 July 2023). 1918. pp. 53–54.
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conceived the Benton Tunnel and Upper Swat Canal project to irrigate the dry
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https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents//pcr-pak-21125.pdf
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437:"Reconstruction of Upper Swat Canal System – Planning & Development"
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588:"USC System: KP farmers hit by accumulation of silt, sand in fields"
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and the local tribesmen who showed heavy resistance. In 1907, the
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The local population began to grow along with the production of
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and to appease and improve their image among the local tribes.
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Irrigation
Systems: Design, Planning and Construction
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Irrigation
Systems: Design, Planning and Construction
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16:Irrigation canal in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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173:. It irrigates a large area in the north of
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536:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
214:was a point of battle in 1897 between the
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35:Amandara Headworks, the canal begins here
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526:Vol. 10. India. 1913. p. 490.
500:Engineering Conference, Simla: 1913 ...
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157:is an irrigation canal located in the
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181:and the north-eastern portion of the
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553:Irrigation in India: Review for ...
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62:Maximum height above sea level
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675:. You can help Knowledge by
273:North-West Frontier Province
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202:During the expansion of the
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422:N.-W.F. Province Gazetteers
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275:at the time, W.P Sangster.
165:. The canal takes off from
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387:List of canals in Pakistan
362:Between 1990 and 1999 the
342:The canal transformed the
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169:at Amandarra Headworks in
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722:Pakistan geography stubs
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57:138 miles (222 km)
671:location article is a
364:Government of Pakistan
147:Pehur High Level Canal
732:Canals opened in 1914
392:Lower Bari Doab Canal
131:Amandara Headworks,
374:system, renovating
208:Indian subcontinent
727:Canals in Pakistan
626:. pp. 19–21.
370:, remodelling the
302:. You can help by
230:Original alignment
224:Valley of Peshawar
183:Charsadda District
159:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
83:Principal engineer
737:Irrigation canals
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624:CAB International
472:CAB International
358:Restoration works
344:Peshawar Division
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240:Malakand District
171:Malakand District
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107:Date of first use
91:Other engineer(s)
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354:irrigated area.
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253:Malakand Pass
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677:expanding it
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440:. Retrieved
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376:watercourses
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339:livelihood.
336:Poplar trees
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304:adding to it
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216:British Army
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161:province of
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86:W.P Sangster
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569:Proceedings
128:Start point
94:John Benton
716:Categories
402:References
397:Nara Canal
372:irrigation
265:irrigation
198:Background
187:irrigation
167:Swat River
592:Brecorder
532:cite book
328:sugarcane
311:July 2024
259:Execution
143:End point
123:Geography
669:Pakistan
382:See also
368:drainage
236:Chakdara
163:Pakistan
137:Malakand
133:Batkhela
44:Pakistan
597:13 July
348:rainfed
346:from a
332:tobacco
206:in the
193:History
78:History
41:Country
630:
478:
442:9 July
283:Impact
210:, the
185:. The
70:Status
54:Length
667:This
505:India
352:canal
350:to a
324:wheat
673:stub
628:ISBN
599:2024
538:link
476:ISBN
444:2024
118:1916
110:1914
102:1907
73:Open
306:.
238:to
718::
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530:{{
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309:(
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