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central capital and a 60 centimeters-diameter column. François Blary estimates its construction date at around 1200. A second cellar, 5.75 meters below the first, was discovered by chance during construction work in 1969. Smaller, it was barrel-vaulted, but its access was quickly blocked by the poor condition of its walls. It probably dates from the 11th century. The access staircase between the two cellars, also now blocked, was 2.60 meters long and barrel-vaulted. At the same time, the main building directly above would have occupied the same floor space as the cellars but disappeared during the
Hundred Years' War.
661:
676:. Beet has been grown regularly on the farm since the last third of the 19th century. All surplus production is sent to the Villeron sugar factory, located since 1866 to the northeast of the estate, on the Senlis road. The distillery, one of the last in operation in the Pays de France, ceased trading in 1975. In 1922, Émile Lecerf acquired all the land, which until then had been leased mainly from the Comte de Caraman. Around 600 years later, 214 hectares were returned to direct tenancy. The farm quickly modernized, acquiring a tractor during the
551:
29:
857:
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monastic barn in Europe. The first studies of the barn date back to the mid-nineteenth century and it is mentioned in early studies of
Cistercian architecture. The building was also of interest to the American art historian Walter Horn (1908–1995) and his architect collaborator Ernest Born, from the University of California at Berkeley, who came in the 1960s to carry out precise surveys and reconstructions of the building in its original state, as part of a wider study of late medieval carpentry in Western Europe.
491:
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1990:
2004:
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of the estate was reduced to two. In 1649, Adam Le Febvre finally reunited the entire farm. Despite these successions of the same family on the farm, the situation remained precarious for each farmer, as their lease had to be renewed at the same rate of nine years, i.e. the rate of three crop rotations, as had been the case since 1315. This renewal was often accompanied by the payment of bribes, necessary to keep the lease: Noël Le Maire paid 500
783:
corbels support the roof above. The roof structure rests on a series of central arches and gutter walls. Each slope is covered with flat tiles. This roof, which is not original as can be seen from the windows protruding from the gable end, was probably rebuilt after 1446, the date on which a text describes the ruined barn. Originally, the barn would have had a simple gable roof with two long sides.
803:, its period of construction can be determined by its storage capacity. The interior volume is between 6,000 and 7,000 cubic meters, which would have accommodated the year's two grain harvests. Such production was achieved in the first decade of the 13th century. The construction of a building of this volume having become indispensable; the barn was probably built in the 1220s or 1230s.
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he promised to give him his daughter in exchange for completing the barn roof before the end of the night marked by the crowing of the rooster. As the work progressed rapidly through the night, the farmer's wife, fearing for her daughter, went to the henhouse to wake the rooster, who crowed before daybreak. As the roof was not completed, the pact with the devil was broken.
702:. It has diversified into onion and potato production. On average, it produces 2,000 tons of wheat, 14,000 tons of beet, and 5,000 tons of potatoes. The latter are processed in the on-site packaging plant, which has a capacity of 120 tons per day and employs a total of around twenty people. It markets the potatoes under the "Primanord" brand.
905:'s work on Vaulerent is recognized as a pioneering study of agriculture in the Middle Ages. It provided a better understanding of how the three-year crop rotation system was established at that time. The study and the farm are cited in several medieval rural studies, such as Georges Duby and Armand Wallon's
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region, for 1,312,000 pounds. After his assassination two years later, the estate remained in the hands of his daughter, Suzanne Le
Peletier de Mortefontaine, until 1829. Three years later, through inheritance, it became the property of Viscountess Marie-Louise Talleyrand de PĂ©rigord. In August 1841,
502:
The farm at the center of the monastery estate was first recorded in the farm archives in 1537. At that date, it covered 234 hectares and was divided into three families, Jean, Claude, and Jeanne Bruslé, with holdings of 75 to 80 hectares each. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, the division
864:
Oral tradition refers to the medieval storage building as the "Devil's Barn". This name comes from a local legend about it: one year, the farmer of
Vaulerent had such an abundant harvest that he didn't have enough to protect it, as he hadn't finished covering the barn. He made a deal with the devil:
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Even during the most severe crises, the
Vaulerent farm remained one of the most productive, thanks to some of the most fertile land in the region. In 1677, the farm yielded 26 hectoliters of wheat per hectare, and in 1702, 22.4 hectoliters per hectare. These were among the highest yields in the Pays
518:
Despite this precarious situation, the family managed to accumulate enough income to own land on other estates. In 1639, Françoise
Ganneron, widow of Guillaume Le Maire, owned 88 hectares of land, to which were added 51 hectares bequeathed to her children. The marked honorability of these farmers is
408:
for all their plots, resulting in very high yields per hectare for the time. The first soles were devoted to wheat, the second to fallow land and the third to spring cereals, mainly barley. Archival documents from the 13th century are sufficiently precise to determine which plots were in which soles
912:
The farm has also attracted the interest of building archaeologists and architectural historians for the imposing size of its main building, undoubtedly one of the largest
Monastic barns. According to researchers at the Inventaire Général du Patrimoine Culturel, it is probably the longest surviving
806:
However, this analysis is disputed by Jean-René Trochet. According to him, it's not possible to calculate the amount of hay that could be stored in this type of building. Such a barn can be used as a storage area for grain and sheaves, as well as for vehicles and accessories. Its size can simply be
710:
The entire farm site is surrounded by a stone wall, probably built in the 14th century and reinforced by two 15th-century pepperpot towers. This small fortification is probably explained by the unrest in the region during the
Hundred Years' War. The wall included an extension to the north and east,
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The barn continued to be subdivided throughout the 14th century, and its direct tenancy was completely abandoned. According to the 1401 "aveu et dénombrement", the monastic estate reached 453 hectares but was divided into seven fragments operated in different ways. In 1375, a new barn was leased to
350:
From 1163 onwards, the monks began to purchase new land around their estate, often disguised as donations. These purchases, made from local lords or other ecclesiastical establishments, enabled the estate to expand, but also to reduce the number of landlocked plots. This expansion came to a halt in
847:
The barn remains relatively unknown, as the building cannot be visited. Only the nearby Archéa
Archaeological Museum, which presents a model of the building in its medieval state, offers guided tours on an occasional basis. Nevertheless, the barn has left its mark on both local popular culture and
823:
The overall shape of the buildings is that of a "U" formed by the buildings opposite the barn, on the other side of the courtyard. In the center, a circular dovecote, six meters in diameter, dominates. It dates from the 16th and 17th centuries. There's also a well with a conical roof and rolled-up
790:
is supported by twelve square-based pillars with canted corners, each measuring one meter on a side. The arches are pointed in tiers-point and rise to a height of 13 meters. At the top of each pillar and in the aisles, there are still unused corbels that support the old framework. The floor is now
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de Paris (1745): ", people have invented fables about the quarré of the barn roof, which remains unfinished and exposes the underside to the insults of the air: but connoisseurs know the physical reason for leaving this quarry near the door uncovered and without tiles; namely, to counter the wind
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The current main building dates back to the 18th or 19th century, and was transformed at the beginning of the 20th century with the addition of a second floor. The basement includes a 4 meters-deep cellar measuring 7.40 meters by 6 meters. Rectangular in shape, it is cross-vaulted and rests on a
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The northeast gable wall, reinforced by three buttresses, was blind until the addition of a door topped by a wooden lintel in the late modern era. The eaves walls were also originally blind, supported by buttresses, some of which are now partly ruined or have disappeared altogether. At the top,
425:
At the beginning of the 14th century, the
Parisis region was undergoing a serious agricultural crisis due to poor weather conditions, resulting in famine and a sharp rise in mortality. This crisis was compounded by difficulties in recruiting new lay monks to keep the farms running. According to
213:, meaning "Laurent's valley". The spelling of the name has constantly evolved: Vallorens, Vaulaurent, Volleron. Today, the spelling varies between Vaulerand, Vollerand, Vaulerant, and Vaulerent. Researchers prefer this last spelling, as it is the closest to the etymology and phonetic evolution.
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wall rises to 20.60 meters and supports an ashlar turret of the same height. The turret features a spiral staircase leading to an exterior door on the first floor and an interior door 6 meters high, opening onto the void, which indicates that a second floor existed above the main door but has
1800:"Time's arrow and time's cycle in the medieval economy: the significance of recent developments in economic theory for the history of medieval economic growth", unpublished paper presented at the Fifth Anglo-American Seminar on the Medieval Economy and Society held at Cardiff 14–17 July 1995"
404:. As required by the order's statutes in 1134, these lands were less than a day's walk from the mother abbey. All the modern agricultural methods of the time were employed. Horses were used as draft animals, rather than oxen, and land was cleared and improved. The monks developed a strict
650:, then Élise Honnorez, Duchesse Arrighi de Casanova, wife of Ernest Arrighi de Casanova, and finally to her daughter, Duchesse Marie-Adèle-Henriette Riquet de Caraman, wife of Georges-Ernest-Maurice de Riquet de Caraman. The latter granted a lease to a farmer named Albert Lecerf in 1890.
880:
The plot of this tale can be found in other Monastic barns, probably because of their imposing size, to the point of giving them a mythical or superhuman origin. This is the recurring theme of the "duped devil" who is asked to construct a building (bridge or castle), as listed in the
590:
In 1758, according to the post-death inventory of Prévost's wife, the farm covered 220 hectares and cost 7,900 pounds in cash, 98 hectoliters of oats, and 367 quintals of sheaves of straw. Every year, 85 hectares were devoted to wheat, including 81 hectares of wheat, 3.5 hectares of
768:
disappeared. At the top, the turret's staircase leads to a small observation room, from which three small windows provide a view of the surrounding area. Such a turret does not exist, or has disappeared, on any of the other barns at Chaalis but it still exists on the one at
1004:(in French). Réseau Villes Régions Monde, Laboratoire de Développement durable et dynamique territoriale du Département de géographie de l’Université de Montréal et la Commission de l’Union Géographique Internationale sur le Développement durable et les milieux ruraux.
515:. Every year, the farmers had to bring the amount of their rent in kind to the parent abbey by cart convoy. They were obliged to reserve a room "ready and well furnished" for the abbot's officers and servants so that they could check on the state of the area.
437:
According to the inventory of 1315, the farm included 13 mares, 6 cows, 12 pigs, and 500 sheep. Since the rent was set at 1,123.80 hectolitres of wheat, the minimum yield required to break even and pay the rent was 15 hectolitres per hectare or 12.5
719:. This extension has now been leveled and the kitchen garden turned into an agricultural field. The interior is entered through a single door opening onto a paved path. Within the enclosure is a paved courtyard, with a large pond at its center.
123:, which dates back to the 13th century. Measuring 72 meters in length, it is one of the most imposing Cistercian farm buildings in France. The barn was listed as a historic monument in 1889; the dovecote, the well and the cellars were listed as
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she sold the estate to Marie Louise Pelline von Dalberg in exchange for a private mansion in Paris, plus a payment of 120,000 francs. The property then passed into the hands of Adèle Narcisse Defontaine, Comtesse de Rigny, wife of
351:
1173. It resumed only sporadically until around 1212, with purchases from small lords in economic difficulty. Around 87 plots were bought up until 1248. The surface area of only 52 of these is known: they cover 631 arpents or 275
1470:
163:), covered by a thick layer of plateau silts. This is the source of the land's remarkable agricultural qualities. On average, it reaches a thickness of 3 meters but can reach up to 6 meters, as shown by test pits carried out at
980:
434:, the agricultural crisis needs to be put into perspective, and this decision is more closely linked to a general trend at this time, among ecclesiastical and seigniorial farms, to cease direct exploitation and favor leasing.
523:
de Villeron still houses a number of their tombstones, including that of Jehan Bruslé, dating from 1561, that of Anthoine Guérin, who died in 1612 and is depicted full-length on his slab, and that of his wife.
182:. The Chaalis Abbey is 15 kilometers to the northeast of the barn, a distance of around 20 kilometers by road in the Middle Ages. Today, urbanization is progressing all around the estate, with the presence of
999:
599:. A large quantity of this wheat was stored on site, with 600 quintals, half of which remains to be threshed. The farmer also owned 16 draught horses (forming 6 teams for seven plows), 316 sheep, 27
543:. In 1708, he combined Vaulerent with the neighboring farm of Choisy-aux-BĹ“ufs and the seigneurial farm of Villeron, the other large farm in the parish, giving him a total of 658 hectares and 18,600
531:, the economic crisis that devastated the kingdom also affected the wealthy farmers of Vaulerent. Land yields fell sharply, due in part to poor weather conditions linked to the peak of the
535:. Farmers were unable to sustain ever-increasing rents. In 1696, Louis Le Febvre's last lease ended, and the property was taken over by the family of Jean Navarre, who were settled in the
595:, and 0.5 hectares of meslin, representing more than a third of the land. 52 hectares were devoted to spring cereals (notably oats and legumes), 74 hectares to fallow, and 11 hectares to
430:, these problems led to the decision in November 1315 to lease a part of the land to a certain Pierre Bove, living in VĂ©mars, for nine years, with the buildings attached. According to
775:
There are two doors in the center of the gable, one for pedestrians and one for carters. Above them are two levels of paired windows. A small opening on the right dates from the late
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and in which year. This system lasted until the 18th century. In addition, the monks carried out extensive land consolidation. Of the 87 parcels listed in the acquisitions, the 1248
1042:
1489:
359:, at between 320 and 380 hectares. It covers a single block of land 4.5 kilometers long from north to south and no more than 1.5-kilometer swide, located between the parishes of
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family. At the time, these territories were largely occupied by woods and uncultivated land. After the first royal donation, other gifts came from local lords: Barthélemy de
174:. The center of the village of Villeron is 800 meters away. Around 1 kilometer to the west runs the ancient Roman road, then the royal road between Paris and
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explained by its ostentatious function. The change in the roof structure can be explained by an adaptation to the new constraints of late medieval farming.
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by decree on February 20, 1990. A few years later, the dovecote was restored. The site is a member of the European Charter of Cistercian Abbeys and Sites.
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This legend dates back to at least the early 18th century. At that time, it turns out that a fragment of the barn's roof was not covered. Indeed, Abbé
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In 1903, Laurent Lecerf and his son Émile built a distillery at the entrance to the farm, complete with beet sheds and storage channels. It produced
273:
The land of Vaulerent has belonged to the Chaalis abbey since it was founded in 1136. A charter dated 1138 specifies that it was bought half by King
311:
Between 1140 and 1145, small buildings were erected on the site, and new donations were made. These lands were located in the parishes of Villeron,
474:, but no longer depended on Vaulerent. The barn was reported in ruins in 1446, having lost its framework as a result of local fighting during the
1912:
Le domaine de Chaalis, xiie – xive siècles : Approches archéologiques des établissements agricoles et industriels d'une abbaye cistercienne
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and surrounded by storage sheds. Built in the early 20th century, it was converted in 1946. It now serves as the farm's administrative office.
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reflected in their burials: the Bruslé family was one of the first to obtain the privilege of being buried directly in the parish church. The
1981:. Cahiers des Annales de Normandie (in French). De part et d'autre de la Normandie médiévale. Recueil d'études en hommage à François Neveux.
1724:
1430:. Images du patrimoine (in French). Association pour le patrimoine de l'Île-de-France/Conseil général du Val-d'Oise. 1998. p. 104.
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1158:"Ch. Higounet, La grange de Vaulerent, structure et exploitation ďun terroir cistercien de la plaine de France. xiie et xve siècles"
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barn for sale, Choisy-aux-BĹ“ufs, as well as a farm in Longperrier, making a total of 643 hectares of some of the finest land in the
155:, which forms only a small, shallow valley in which the stream flows only intermittently. The subsoil of the plateau is composed of
108:. Almost 800 years later, the barn still serves this agricultural function. Operated directly by the Royal Cistercian Abbey and its
630:
143:, rising to a height of around one hundred meters. It is bordered to the northeast by the Butte de Montmélian in the commune of
998:
Charvet, Jean-Paul (2006). "L'étalement urbain et la préservation des patrimoines propres à la « grande culture »".
1949:
Du blé au sucre : Villeron ou les mutations d'un village en pays de France (1824–1939). Mémoire d'histoire contemporaine
1563:
Blary, Francis (2020). "La question des clos symboliques et fortifiés des établissements cisterciens (xiiie – xve siècles)".
1547:
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In the absence of archaeological excavations, it is difficult to date the construction of the entire building. According to
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de France during the entire period. As a result, the rent set for the farm was also the highest in the entire region: 6,000
1903:
La Grange de Vaulerent : Structure et exploitation d'un terroir cistercien de la plaine de France xiie – xve siècles
1855:
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which, blowing impetuously through the large door, harms the sheaf heap". This hole in the roof has since disappeared.
442:. According to Higounet, the yield per hectare should have been over 16 quintals in the best years. The farm also grew
400:
When the monks acquired this land, none of it was under the tenancy. Instead, they were farmed directly by the abbey's
1965:
1919:
1782:
1601:
1435:
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909:. Some historians, notably in the USA, have even referred to it as Europe's largest grain farm in the Middle Ages.
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limestone, the local stone. The building features two rows of arches dividing the space into three 13-bay vessels.
170:
Like all the cereal barns in the Chaalis area, Vaulerent is isolated from any built-up area, in the middle of an
147:, which marks the beginning of the Valois region, and to the south by the upper Croult valley in the communes of
1157:
478:. It was undoubtedly restored in the years that followed. Its farm, created in 1315, covers between 194 and 227
2055:
1709:
Bonnet-Laborderie, Philippe (1985). "Mythologie et architecture : "La Grange au diable" de Warnavillers".
1538:
Blary, François (2012). "La question des fortifications des établissements cisterciens (xiiie – xve siècles)".
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until 1315, it was then leased out. It remained the property of the royal abbey until 1791 when it was sold as
1775:
Histoire de la France rurale, vol. 1 : La formation des campagnes françaises des origines au xive siècle
699:
572:
284:
152:
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mentions only 31 in total, a reduction of almost two-thirds. Of these parcels, nine were between 50 and 100
2040:
890:
455:
393:
320:
297:
1335:
779:, while the large opening on the left, topped by a wooden lintel, dates from the 17th or 18th century.
2025:
744:'s outbuildings. It has a floor surface area of 1,656 square meters. It is built entirely of regular
388:
230:
183:
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de robe family and a well-known revolutionary, bought the land. At the same time, he bought another
536:
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who had succeeded Vaulerent to the Navarre family in 1731, was the biggest taxpayer in the whole
1958:
Les Fermiers de l'Île-de-France : L'Ascension d'un patronat agricole (xve – xviiie siècles)
772:. According to François Blary, it was added in the 14th century, when the estate was fortified.
2030:
459:
364:
148:
1591:
475:
1743:
1620:
1368:
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still visible on the land register at the beginning of the 19th century, enclosing a former
454:), covering an area of 79 hectares. Other farms were created to the south of the estate, in
745:
324:
289:
156:
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Jean Lecerf's descendants, now Plasmans, still own the farm. The farm now covers some 500
8:
124:
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1995:
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of cash. In 1761, Prévost's daughter married Pierre Mangin, who became the new farmer.
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1001:
La dynamique des territoires en milieu périurbain et le patrimoine naturel et culturel
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covered with concrete. The building is still used as a storage and agricultural shed.
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1961:
1938:
Horn, Walter; Born, Ernest (1968). "The Barn of the Cistercian Grange of Vaulerent".
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1778:
1693:
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688:
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512:
171:
28:
1428:
En Pays de France (Val-d'Oise) : Cantons de Luzarches, Gonesse et Goussainville
1015:
Rochon, Bernard (1990). "Les granges médiévales : de la fonction à l'abandon".
603:, and 400 poultry. The farmer's house contained 7 rooms, a wealth of furniture, 260
253:
The estate's history is well documented in the original abbey documents held at the
186:
3 kilometers to the south, the development of housing estates around the village of
1755:
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902:
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769:
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Measuring 72 meters long and 23 meters wide, the cereal barn is the largest of all
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443:
427:
368:
301:
164:
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959:
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in 1682, and 7,000 in 1698, which, about the farm's surface area, represented 13
467:
113:
90:
1978:À l'ombre d'une grange médiévale : chez le fermier de Vaulerant en mai 1758
1540:
Châteaux et prieurés. Actes du premier colloque de Bellecroix 15–16 octobre 2011
450:
the north of the estate, on the land of Le Guépelle (now part of the commune of
1931:
La Grange de Vaulerent : Une exploitation cistercienne en Plaine de France
673:
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604:
584:
580:
568:
564:
544:
532:
504:
332:
234:
226:
140:
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2019:
1860:(in French) (2nd ed.). Librairie archéologique Didron. pp. 226–227.
922:
755:
741:
638:
471:
242:
222:
105:
98:
1490:"Villeron : 800 ans après, la grange cistercienne toujours en activité"
1989:
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and half by the monks. These lands had previously belonged to the lords of
1759:
960:"Notice explicative de la carte géologique de Dammartin-en-Goële, XXIV-13"
732:
198:
869:
776:
401:
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305:
109:
417:, or between 22 and 45 hectares each, occupying over 90% of the estate.
1711:
Bulletin du Groupe d'Ă©tude des monuments et objets d'arts du Beauvaisis
885:(AT1005). This standard tale can be found almost everywhere in France.
832:
451:
355:. The total surface area in 1248 is estimated, using a document called
312:
144:
815:
547:
in rent. He owned 39 plough horses, a thousand sheep, and 17 carters.
1542:(in French). Centre de castellologie de Bourgogne. pp. 208–209.
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528:
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in 1630. The farm remained the property of the Chaalis abbey and its
495:
160:
1976:
1593:
Maisons paysannes en France et leur environnement, xve au xxe siècle
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316:
238:
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The "devil's barn", according to this turn-of-the-century postcard.
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per cultivated hectare. In 1741, Claude Prévost, a new farmer from
470:
in the form of taxes. Some of these lands remained the property of
278:
261:
187:
94:
1857:
Architecture civile et monastique au Moyen Ă‚ge et Ă la Renaissance
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Illumination depicts monks working in the fields. Manuscript from
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1725:"Fiche du film "Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge (fin alternative)""
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From the 11th century onwards, it was a farm belonging to the
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Site de la Charte européenne des Abbayes et sites cisterciens
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256:
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664:
The Vaulerent Distillery some time after its construction.
1471:"Quelle moisson après la sécheresse et les orages ?"
657:, the first agricultural barn to be protected in France.
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592:
1777:. l'Univers Historique (in French). Seuil. p. 620.
824:
eaves. At the entrance are the former tenant dwellings.
190:, and a business park close to the old Route Nationale.
736:
Southwest gable wall of the barn with its watch turret.
583:; this was still the case in 1758, with a tax of 3,200
466:. In addition, part of the Louvres' land was leased to
225:
owned eleven barns, three of which were located on the
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The barn was used as a film location for the TV movie
119:
The current complex includes a storage building, the
33:
The barn, its dovecote and part of the main building.
1985:
1744:"L'œuvre historique de Charles Higounet (1911–1988)"
1695:
Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris
623:In January 1791, the 234-hectare farm was sold as
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1708:
1663:"Visite exceptionnelle de la grange de Vaulerent"
308:monks obtained the right to clear and cultivate.
2017:
1827:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1565:Bulletin du centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre
319:. An isolated piece of land was also donated in
229:: the Stains barn in the present-day commune of
135:The Domaine de Vaulerent is situated on a broad
1355:L'Odeur du terroir : Villeron et sa plaine
687:The dovecote, cellars, and well were listed as
331:, thanks in particular to his preaching on the
245:), and the largest of all, the Vaulerent barn.
1853:
851:
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759:View of the frame and pillars inside the barn.
1905:. Les Hommes et la terre (in French). SEVPEN.
1809:. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011
1596:(in French). Creaphis Ă©ditions. p. 605.
1357:(in French). Commune de Villeron. p. 72.
985:Communauté de communes Roissy Porte de France
897:
831:At the entrance to the farm is the old brick
384:Direct use by monks (11th and 13th centuries)
248:
967:BUREAU DE RECHERCHES GÉDlDGlpUES ET MINIERES
819:Farmhouse dovecote, 16th and 17th centuries.
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1162:Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations
59:France, ĂŽle-de-France, Val-d'Oise, Villeron
2046:Buildings and structures completed in 1230
1854:Verdier, Aymar; Cattois, François (1855).
1772:
1336:"Publications légales, ventes immobilière"
752:reinforce the building on all four sides.
494:Tombstone of Anthoine Guérin, a Vaulerent
485:
421:Farming the barn (14th and 15th centuries)
304:gave a nearby wood around 1143, which the
221:At the beginning of the 13th century, the
130:
1928:
1841:
1679:
1352:
323:. The donations were made at a time when
202:Barn buildings in the 1823 land register.
1974:
1955:
1937:
1900:
1885:
1875:(in French) (2nd ed.). p. 164.
1577:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1029:
946:
855:
814:
754:
731:
659:
631:Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau
549:
489:
387:
197:
1741:
1589:
1468:
997:
811:Other buildings on the present-day farm
727:
2051:Buildings and structures in Val-d'Oise
2018:
1946:
1870:
1773:Duby, Georges; Wallon, Armand (1975).
1487:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1014:
264:and the abbey's cartulary kept at the
1909:
1873:L'architecture cistercienne en France
1649:
1637:
1615:
1613:
1562:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1059:
1017:Cahiers de la Ligue urbaine et rurale
579:election, with a taille tax of 3,640
1797:
1318:
1155:
357:État général des terres de Vaulerent
1333:
343:) were donated by Gui de Senlis, a
327:was extending the influence of the
300:gave 20 arpents in 1140, Gautier d'
13:
1951:(in French). Université Paris XII.
1691:
1610:
1512:
1415:
653:In 1889, the barn was listed as a
206:The name Vaulerent comes from the
14:
2067:
1933:(in French). Vivre en Val-d'Oise.
1625:Ministère français de la Culture.
1373:Ministère français de la Culture.
981:"La "Porte de Roissy" Ă Villeron"
97:, on the French plain in eastern
2036:Cistercian monasteries in France
2002:
1988:
554:Plan of the farm as depicted in
267:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
237:), the Choisy-aux-BĹ“ufs barn in
139:in the northeastern part of the
27:
16:Building in Val-d'Oise, Villeron
1894:
1879:
1864:
1847:
1835:
1791:
1766:
1735:
1717:
1702:
1685:
1673:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1583:
1571:
1556:
1531:
1500:
1481:
1462:
1444:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1361:
1346:
1327:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
379:Barn farming in the Middle Ages
184:Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport
1323:(in French). pp. 397–398.
1065:
1053:
1035:
1023:
1008:
991:
973:
952:
940:
722:
705:
255:Archives DĂ©partementales de l'
1:
1940:Festschrift Ulrich Middeldorf
933:
883:Aarne-Thompson classification
446:and a small amount of vigne.
1975:Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2009).
1956:Moriceau, Jean-Marc (1994).
1729:Val-d'Oise – terre de cinéma
907:Histoire de la France rurale
891:Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge
394:Cambridge University Library
7:
1698:(in French) (2nd ed.).
1590:Trochet, Jean-René (2006).
916:
852:The barn in popular culture
795:Storage capacity and dating
527:At the end of the reign of
193:
10:
2072:
1901:Higounet, Charles (1965).
898:The barn in historiography
842:
680:and three more before the
249:The creation of the estate
216:
167:, a little further south.
1469:Luppino, Ludovic (2010).
1174:10.1017/S0395264900104858
698:in Villeron, VĂ©mars, and
619:Contemporary developments
231:Villeneuve-sous-Dammartin
71:
63:
55:
47:
42:
38:
26:
21:
1947:Koskas, Charles (1991).
1929:Guadagnin, RĂ©my (1990).
1910:Blary, François (1989).
1742:Toubert, Pierre (1993).
1353:Golinelli, Jean (2002).
700:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
558:, between 1745 and 1780.
153:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
1342:(in French). p. 4.
521:church of Saint-Germain
486:Farming in modern times
131:Location and topography
1886:Horn & Born (1968)
1621:"Notice no IA95000094"
1369:"Notice no PA00080231"
1156:Duby, Georges (1966).
969:(in French): 2, 3, 13.
861:
820:
786:Inside, the series of
760:
737:
665:
559:
499:
397:
296:in 1139, Guillaume de
203:
127:on February 20, 1990.
2056:Medieval architecture
1960:(in French). Fayard.
1760:10.3406/jds.1993.1566
1713:(in French) (24): 23.
1488:Collin, Anne (2017).
1452:"Grange de Vaulerand"
1319:Moriceau, Jean-Marc.
894:, broadcast in 1963.
859:
818:
758:
735:
663:
553:
493:
391:
201:
178:, which later became
1667:Site du musée ARCHEA
728:Building description
396:, late 13th century.
325:Bernard of Clairvaux
72:Construction stopped
64:Construction started
2041:Cistercian abbesses
1914:(in French). CTHS.
1871:Aubert, M. (1947).
1748:Journal des savants
1019:(in French): 52–53.
874:Histoire du diocèse
48:Architectural style
43:General information
2010:Agriculture portal
1996:Middle Ages portal
1798:Grantham, George.
1669:(in French). 2011.
1652:, p. 116-123)
1528:, p. 109-116)
1509:, p. 107-109)
1388:, p. 141-144)
1309:, p. 455-468)
1249:, p. 587-588)
1237:, p. 139-144)
1213:, p. 232-235)
862:
837:industrial chimney
821:
761:
738:
689:historic monuments
666:
560:
500:
476:Hundred Years' War
406:three-field system
398:
204:
180:Route nationale 17
125:historic monuments
1567:(in French) (12).
1549:978-2-9532994-6-5
1334:Glandaz, Maître.
1043:"Carte 1/25 000e"
655:historic monument
556:Atlas de Trudaine
513:French Revolution
498:who died in 1612.
172:open-field system
79:
78:
2063:
2026:Cistercian Order
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1971:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1906:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1682:, p. 24-25)
1677:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1581:
1580:, p. 63-64)
1575:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:, p. 10-15)
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:Terres mouvantes
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1201:, p. 55-60)
1196:
1190:
1189:, p. 47-54)
1184:
1178:
1177:
1168:(5): 1115–1116.
1153:
1147:
1146:, p. 32-33)
1141:
1135:
1134:, p. 40-46)
1129:
1123:
1122:, p. 36-39)
1117:
1111:
1110:, p. 23-28)
1105:
1099:
1098:, p. 20-21)
1093:
1087:
1086:, p. 19-20)
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1062:, p. 11-25)
1057:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1006:
1005:
995:
989:
988:
977:
971:
970:
964:
956:
950:
944:
903:Charles Higounet
848:historiography.
801:Charles Higounet
770:Maubuisson Abbey
717:vegetable garden
635:wealthy noblesse
511:abbot until the
428:Charles Higounet
211:Vallis Laurentii
165:Roissy-en-France
31:
19:
18:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1968:
1922:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1848:
1842:Guadagnin (1990
1840:
1836:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1771:
1767:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1680:Guadagnin (1990
1678:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1486:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1351:
1347:
1332:
1328:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:, p. 9-10)
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1013:
1009:
996:
992:
979:
978:
974:
962:
958:
957:
953:
945:
941:
936:
928:Monastic grange
919:
900:
854:
845:
813:
797:
730:
725:
708:
678:First World War
626:biens nationaux
621:
537:Villeroy region
488:
423:
386:
381:
335:. In 1160, 140
251:
219:
196:
133:
114:biens nationaux
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1878:
1863:
1846:
1834:
1790:
1783:
1765:
1754:(1): 135–146.
1734:
1716:
1701:
1692:Lebeuf, Jean.
1684:
1672:
1654:
1642:
1640:, p. 109)
1630:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1578:Higounet (1965
1570:
1555:
1548:
1530:
1511:
1499:
1480:
1461:
1443:
1436:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1360:
1345:
1326:
1311:
1307:Moriceau (2009
1299:
1295:Higounet (1965
1287:
1285:, p. 550)
1283:Moriceau (1994
1275:
1273:, p. 880)
1271:Moriceau (1994
1263:
1261:, p. 638)
1259:Moriceau (1994
1251:
1247:Moriceau (1994
1239:
1235:Moriceau (1994
1227:
1225:, p. 480)
1223:Moriceau (1994
1215:
1211:Moriceau (1994
1203:
1199:Higounet (1965
1191:
1187:Higounet (1965
1179:
1148:
1144:Higounet (1965
1136:
1132:Higounet (1965
1124:
1120:Higounet (1965
1112:
1108:Higounet (1965
1100:
1096:Higounet (1965
1088:
1084:Higounet (1965
1076:
1072:Higounet (1965
1064:
1052:
1034:
1030:Higounet (1965
1022:
1007:
990:
972:
951:
947:Higounet (1965
938:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
925:
918:
915:
899:
896:
853:
850:
844:
841:
812:
809:
796:
793:
763:The southwest
729:
726:
724:
721:
707:
704:
648:Henri de Rigny
620:
617:
533:Little Ice Age
487:
484:
422:
419:
385:
382:
380:
377:
333:Second Crusade
250:
247:
235:Seine-et-Marne
218:
215:
195:
192:
141:Pays de France
132:
129:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
22:Vaulerent barn
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2068:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Farms by type
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1967:2-213-59227-6
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:. De Gruyter.
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1921:2-7355-0172-8
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1844:, p. 22)
1843:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1784:2-02-004267-3
1780:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1603:2-913610-82-X
1599:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1437:2-905913-23-1
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1412:, p. 48)
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1297:, p. 22)
1296:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:(in French).
1163:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1003:
1002:
994:
986:
982:
976:
968:
961:
955:
948:
943:
939:
929:
926:
924:
923:Chaalis Abbey
921:
920:
914:
910:
908:
904:
895:
893:
892:
886:
884:
878:
875:
871:
866:
858:
849:
840:
838:
834:
829:
825:
817:
808:
804:
802:
792:
789:
784:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
757:
753:
751:
747:
743:
742:Chaalis Abbey
734:
720:
718:
714:
703:
701:
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
672:and pulp for
671:
670:ethyl alcohol
662:
658:
656:
651:
649:
644:
643:ĂŽle-de-France
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:ĂŽle-de-France
574:
570:
566:
557:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
522:
516:
514:
510:
506:
497:
492:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Goussainville
453:
447:
445:
441:
435:
433:
429:
418:
416:
412:
407:
403:
395:
390:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
347:of the King.
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Goussainville
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:Goussainville
295:
291:
287:
286:
280:
276:
271:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Chaalis Abbey
214:
212:
209:
200:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
128:
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
106:Chaalis Abbey
102:
100:
96:
92:
91:Monastic barn
88:
85:or Vaulerand
84:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1977:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1911:
1902:
1895:Bibliography
1881:
1872:
1866:
1856:
1849:
1837:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1793:
1774:
1768:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1731:(in French).
1728:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1687:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1627:(in French).
1624:
1592:
1585:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1539:
1533:
1502:
1496:(in French).
1493:
1483:
1477:(in French).
1474:
1464:
1458:(in French).
1455:
1446:
1427:
1410:Koskas (1991
1405:
1398:Koskas (1991
1393:
1386:Koskas (1991
1381:
1375:(in French).
1372:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
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509:commendatory
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432:Georges Duby
424:
411:État Général
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285:Chennevières
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89:is a former
86:
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1638:Blary (1989
1526:Blary (1989
1507:Blary (1989
1494:Le Parisien
1060:Blary (1989
777:Middle Ages
723:Cereal barn
706:Description
674:cattle feed
361:Survilliers
329:Cistercians
159:limestone (
2020:Categories
1475:Roissymail
1047:GĂ©oportail
934:References
835:, with an
833:distillery
750:Buttresses
746:Saint-Ouen
573:Villepinte
452:Saint-Witz
313:Saint-Witz
306:Cistercian
243:Val-d'Oise
157:Saint-Ouen
145:Saint-Witz
99:Val-d'Oise
872:, in his
633:, from a
529:Louis XIV
496:ploughman
402:lay monks
283:Suger de
161:Bartonian
110:lay monks
83:Vaulerent
1823:cite web
1340:Le Droit
917:See also
696:hectares
444:dye woad
440:quintals
353:hectares
341:hectares
292:gave 37
281:and the
279:Villeron
275:Louis VI
262:Beauvais
194:Toponymy
188:Villeron
95:Villeron
56:Location
51:Medieval
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1807:Newlees
843:Culture
713:orchard
639:Chaalis
609:jewelry
539:, near
472:Chaalis
468:tenants
460:Louvres
415:arpents
365:Louvres
337:arpents
294:arpents
217:History
149:Louvres
137:plateau
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788:arches
682:Second
613:pounds
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581:pounds
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565:pounds
545:pounds
505:pounds
464:Épiais
462:, and
373:Épiais
371:, and
369:Roissy
345:butler
317:Épiais
315:, and
302:Aulnay
290:Montgé
239:VĂ©mars
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541:Meaux
208:Latin
1962:ISBN
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715:and
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