833:) for Nvidia. Cards from different chip-set manufacturers or architectures cannot be used together for multi-card scaling. If graphics cards have different sizes of memory, the lowest value will be used, with the higher values disregarded. Currently, scaling on consumer-grade cards can be done using up to four cards. The use of four cards requires a large motherboard with a proper configuration. Nvidia's GeForce GTX 590 graphics card can be configured in a four-card configuration. As stated above, users will want to stick to cards with the same performances for optimal use. Motherboards including ASUS Maximus 3 Extreme and Gigabyte GA EX58 Extreme are certified to work with this configuration. A large power supply is necessary to run the cards in SLI or CrossFireX. Power demands must be known before a proper supply is installed. For the four card configuration, a 1000+ watt supply is needed. With any relatively powerful graphics card, thermal management cannot be ignored. Graphics cards require well-vented chassis and good thermal solutions. Air or water cooling are usually required, though low end GPUs can use passive cooling. Larger configurations use
655:
2371:
1360:
781:, a custom flashed RTX 3090 named "Hall of Fame" has been recorded to reach a peak power draw as high as 630 watts. A standard RTX 3090 can peak at up to 450 watts. The RTX 3080 can reach up to 350 watts, while a 3070 can reach a similar, if not slightly lower peak power draw. Ampere cards of the Founders Edition variant feature a "dual axial flow through" cooler design, which includes fans above and below the card to dissipate as much heat as possible towards the rear of the computer case. A similar design was used by the Sapphire Radeon RX Vega 56 Pulse graphics card.
260:
667:
631:
2144:
2338:
1707:
347:
1302:
1913:
499:
1973:
2170:
1805:
2064:
2193:
1847:
2107:
77:
1216:.) In addition to marketing their own graphics cards, AMD and Nvidia sell their GPUs to authorized AIB suppliers, which AMD and Nvidia refer to as "partners". The fact that Nvidia and AMD compete directly with their customer/partners complicates relationships in the industry. AMD and Intel being direct competitors in the CPU industry is also noteworthy, since AMD-based graphics cards may be used in computers with Intel CPUs. Intel's
2280:
36:
1746:
1727:
179:
591:. Released in 1997, the RIVA 128 was one of the first consumer-facing GPUs to integrate both 3D and 2D processing units on a single chip. This innovation simplified the hardware requirements for end-users, as they no longer needed separate cards for 2D and 3D rendering, thus paving the way for the widespread adoption of more powerful and versatile GPUs in personal computers.
2311:
2134:. In composite video, the signals co-exist on different frequencies. To achieve this, the luminance signal must be low-pass filtered, dulling the image. As S-Video maintains the two as separate signals, such detrimental low-pass filtering for luminance is unnecessary, although the chrominance signal still has limited bandwidth relative to component video.
580:, one of the earliest consumer-facing GPUs that supported 3D acceleration. These cards, however, were dedicated entirely to 3D processing and lacked 2D support, necessitating the use of a separate 2D graphics card in tandem. The Voodoo's architecture marked a major shift in graphical computing by offloading the demanding task of 3D rendering from the
1703:. These require a RAMDAC, but they reconvert the analog signal back to digital before they can display it, with the unavoidable loss of quality stemming from this digital-to-analog-to-digital conversion. With the VGA standard being phased out in favor of digital formats, RAMDACs have started to disappear from graphics cards.
1269:
in integrated graphics technologies; high-end, CPU-integrated graphics can provide competitive performance with low-end graphics cards. At the same time, graphics card sales have grown within the high-end segment, as manufacturers have shifted their focus to prioritize the gaming and enthusiast market.
1787:
in evaluating pixels. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, the picture quality can degrade depending on cable quality and length. The extent of quality difference depends on the individual's eyesight and the display; when using a DVI or HDMI
1690:
and never under 60 Hz, to minimize flicker. (This is not a problem with LCD displays, as they have little to no flicker.) Due to the growing popularity of digital computer displays and the integration of the RAMDAC onto the GPU die, it has mostly disappeared as a discrete component. All current
789:
Graphics cards for desktop computers have different size profiles, which allows graphics cards to be added to smaller-sized computers. Some graphics cards are not of the usual size, and are named as "low profile". Graphics card profiles are based on height only, with low-profile cards taking up less
763:
Modern graphics cards with a power consumption of over 75 watts usually include a combination of six-pin (75 W) or eight-pin (150 W) sockets that connect directly to the power supply. Providing adequate cooling becomes a challenge in such computers. Computers with multiple graphics cards may require
1268:
Graphics card shipments peaked at a total of 114 million in 1999. By contrast, they totaled 14.5 million units in the third quarter of 2013, a 17% fall from Q3 2012 levels. Shipments reached an annual total of 44 million in 2015. The sales of graphics cards have trended downward due to improvements
617:
Within the graphics industry, these products are often referred to as graphics add-in boards (AIBs). The term "AIB" emphasizes the modular nature of these components, as they are typically added to a computer's motherboard to enhance its graphical capabilities. The evolution from the early days of
1284:
has placed a severely high demand on high-end graphics cards, especially in large quantities, due to their advantages in the process of cryptocurrency mining. In
January 2018, mid- to high-end graphics cards experienced a major surge in price, with many retailers having stock shortages due to the
1376:
is mounted on most modern graphics cards. A heat sink spreads out the heat produced by the graphics processing unit evenly throughout the heat sink and unit itself. The heat sink commonly has a fan mounted to cool the heat sink and the graphics processing unit. Not all cards have heat sinks, for
816:
Some graphics cards can be linked together to allow scaling graphics processing across multiple cards. This is done using either the PCIe bus on the motherboard or, more commonly, a data bridge. Usually, the cards must be of the same model to be linked, and most low end cards are not able to be
702:
as integrated graphics. Motherboard-based implementations are sometimes called "on-board video". Some motherboards support using both integrated graphics and the graphics card simultaneously to feed separate displays. The main advantages of integrated graphics are: a low cost, compactness,
568:
capabilities, enhancing the graphical output of
Macintosh computers by accelerating 2D graphics rendering. QuickDraw, a core part of the Macintosh graphical user interface, allowed for the rapid rendering of bitmapped graphics, fonts, and shapes, and the introduction of such hardware-based
807:
In the late 2010s and early 2020s, some high-end graphics card models have become so heavy that it is possible for them to sag downwards after installing without proper support, which is why many manufacturers provide additional support brackets. GPU sag can damage a GPU in the long term.
1309:
with the main heatsink removed, showing the major components of the card. The large, tilted silver object is the GPU die, which is surrounded by RAM chips, which are covered in extruded aluminum heatsinks. Power delivery circuitry is mounted next to the RAM, near the right side of the
1203:
As of 2016, the primary suppliers of the GPUs (graphics chips or chipsets) used in graphics cards are AMD and Nvidia. In the third quarter of 2013, AMD had a 35.5% market share while Nvidia had 64.5%, according to Jon Peddie
Research. In economics, this industry structure is termed a
703:
simplicity, and low energy consumption. Integrated graphics often have less performance than a graphics card because the graphics processing unit inside integrated graphics needs to share system resources with the CPU. On the other hand, a graphics card has a separate
1224:. As of the second quarter of 2013, there were 52 AIB suppliers. These AIB suppliers may market graphics cards under their own brands, produce graphics cards for private label brands, or produce graphics cards for computer manufacturers. Some AIB suppliers such as
1591:. But with up to 32 GB as of the last 2010s, the applications for graphics use are becoming more powerful and widespread. Since video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU and the display circuitry, it often uses special high-speed or multi-port memory, such as
751:
manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the
742:
As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280
1397:
contains a minimal program for the initial set up and control of the graphics card. It may contain information on the memory and memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, and other details which can sometimes be changed.
1377:
example, some cards are liquid-cooled and instead have a water block; additionally, cards from the 1980s and early 1990s did not produce much heat, and did not require heat sinks. Most modern graphics cards need proper thermal solutions. They can be
794:
exceeding 300mm in length. A lower profile card is preferred when trying to fit multiple cards or if graphics cards run into clearance issues with other motherboard components like the DIMM or PCIE slots. This can be fixed with a larger
4890:
553:. Each of these standards represented a step forward in the ability of computers to display more colors, higher resolutions, and richer graphical interfaces, laying the foundation for the development of modern graphical capabilities.
2151:
Non-standard 7-pin mini-DIN connectors (termed "7P") are used in some computer equipment (PCs and Macs). A 7P socket accepts and is pin compatible with a standard 4-pin S-Video plug. The three extra sockets may be used to supply
614:. Additionally, many graphics cards now have integrated sound capabilities, allowing them to transmit audio alongside video output to connected TVs or monitors with built-in speakers, further enhancing the multimedia experience.
790:
than the height of a PCIe slot, some can be as low as "half-height". Length and thickness can vary greatly, with high-end cards usually occupying two or three expansion slots, and with modern high-end graphics cards such as the
857:
A graphics driver usually supports one or multiple cards by the same vendor and has to be written for a specific operating system. Additionally, the operating system or an extra software package may provide certain programming
1829:
displays) and video projectors. There were also some rare high-end CRT monitors that use DVI. It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its
1401:
Modern Video BIOSes do not support full functionalities of graphics cards; they are only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes. It does not support
840:
SLI and
Crossfire have become increasingly uncommon as most games do not fully utilize multiple GPUs, due to the fact that most users cannot afford them. Multiple GPUs are still used on supercomputers (like in
447:
Most graphics cards are not limited to simple display output. The graphics processing unit can be used for additional processing, which reduces the load from the CPU. Additionally, computing platforms such as
4548:
4426:
711:
from the CPU and system RAM, therefore the overall performance for a computer could improve in addition to increased performance in graphics processing. Such improvements to performance can be seen in
3233:
726:
Both AMD and Intel have introduced CPUs and motherboard chipsets which support the integration of a GPU into the same die as the CPU. AMD advertises CPUs with integrated graphics under the trademark
3403:
1691:
LCD/plasma monitors and TVs and projectors with only digital connections work in the digital domain and do not require a RAMDAC for those connections. There are displays that feature analog inputs (
4886:
479:
comes in the form of a printed circuit board (expansion board) which is to be inserted into an expansion slot. Others may have dedicated enclosures, and they are connected to the computer via a
4916:
3488:
4609:
4163:
4097:
2260:
due to industry concerns about copy protection. Its graphics quality is equivalent to HDMI for the resolutions it carries, but for best performance for Blu-ray, other 1080p sources like
2083:
output can be used. The single pin connector carries all resolution, brightness and color information, making it the lowest quality dedicated video connection. Depending on the card the
4455:
3875:
4661:
2020:
enables consumers to use
DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as
662:: a part of the system memory is allocated to the GPU exclusively. Zero-copy is not possible, data has to be copied, over the system memory bus, from one partition to the other.
4484:
4130:
1356:
intended for output to a display. Because of the large degree of programmable computational complexity for such a task, a modern graphics card is also a computer unto itself.
618:
separate 2D and 3D cards to todayβs integrated and multifunctional GPUs reflects the ongoing technological advancements and the increasing demand for high-quality visual and
193:
4839:
1410:
translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the graphics card, which must be accessed by software drivers.
3456:
The Intel microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit extensions
2505:: An extension of the PCI bus, it was introduced in 1998. It improves upon PCI by extending the width of bus to 64 bits and the clock frequency to up to 133 MHz.
1686:
used and the RAMDAC-data-transfer rate, the converter will be able to support different computer-display refresh rates. With CRT displays, it is best to work over 75
4639:
2511:: Abbreviated as PCIe, it is a point-to-point interface released in 2004. In 2006, it provided a data-transfer rate that is double of AGP. It should not be confused with
4037:
1236:, now builds only AMD-based graphics cards. Several AIB suppliers are also motherboard suppliers. Most of the largest AIB suppliers are based in Taiwan and they include
4223:
4780:
5008:
4540:
4193:
4579:
4422:
2461:: Replaced the EISA, ISA, MCA and VESA buses from 1993 onwards. PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices, avoiding the manual adjustments required with
3193:
1273:
457:
3536:
3913:
602:. These modern graphics cards are multifunctional and support various tasks beyond rendering 3D images for gaming. They also provide 2D graphics processing,
3514:
5094:
4340:
4310:
3976:
3943:
3351:
3852:
3737:
5620:
3763:
3484:
4601:
4155:
3381:
4699:
4089:
1209:
1125:
4451:
3566:
3150:
764:
power supplies over 750 watts. Heat extraction becomes a major design consideration for computers with two or more high-end graphics cards.
3822:
3673:
1733:(VIVO) for S-Video (TV-out), Digital Visual Interface (DVI) for high-definition television (HDTV), and DE-15 for Video Graphics Array (VGA)
3883:
1213:
197:
3287:
4669:
425:
2449:: Released in 1988 to compete with IBM's MCA, it was compatible with the earlier ISA bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 8.33 MHz.
4514:
4480:
4119:
1961:
3707:
3596:
4831:
2349:). The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa.
5087:
2446:
1682:(CRT) displays. The RAMDAC is a kind of RAM chip that regulates the functioning of the graphics card. Depending on the number of
747:. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and
4400:
4631:
4006:
4029:
3257:
4968:
3626:
3467:
1290:
4215:
141:
5625:
4773:
3317:
2021:
1916:
4809:
4747:
4721:
1208:. AMD and Nvidia also build and sell graphics cards, which are termed graphics add-in-boards (AIBs) in the industry. (See
799:
such as mid-tower or full tower. Full towers are usually able to fit larger motherboards in sizes like ATX and micro ATX.
113:
4279:
4067:
3145:
1788:
connection, especially on larger sized LCD/LED monitors or TVs, quality degradation, if present, is prominently visible.
533:
to accommodate advancing technologies and user demands. In the realm of IBM PC compatibles, the early standards included
5004:
4185:
5080:
4571:
3155:
2013:
1671:
530:
3648:
2405:: Designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800, it is the first industry-standard bus for the microcomputer industry.
587:
The development of fully integrated GPUs that could handle both 2D and 3D rendering came with the introduction of the
5051:
4926:
2458:
1286:
683:
594:
In contemporary times, the majority of graphics cards are built using chips sourced from two dominant manufacturers:
291:
237:
219:
160:
120:
63:
4982:
4253:
2523:
3544:
2265:
529:
Graphics cards, also known as video cards or graphics processing units (GPUs), have historically evolved alongside
4370:
3905:
3537:"Test Results: Power Consumption For Mining & Gaming - The Best GPUs For Ethereum Mining, Tested and Compared"
1838:
connector, allowing (via simple adapter) standard RGB signal output to an old CRT or LCD monitor with VGA input.
1381:
or through heat sinks with additional connected heat pipes usually made of copper for the best thermal transfer.
1221:
675:
201:
3428:
3510:
2408:
2391:
2234:
2223:
127:
98:
94:
49:
1711:
5615:
4332:
1285:
significant demand among this market. Graphics card companies released mining-specific cards designed to run
17:
4302:
3968:
3935:
3343:
5483:
5454:
3844:
3729:
1776:
748:
650:, since both have their distinct physical memories. Data must be copied from one to the other to be shared.
3759:
2222:
for analog component); it is used in older projectors, video-game consoles, and DVD players. It can carry
109:
5280:
5222:
2515:, an enhanced version of the original PCI specification. This is standard for most modern graphics cards.
1647:
727:
3788:
2000:, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. The VESA specification is
1821:
Digital Visual
Interface is a digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays (
5646:
5459:
2440:
2245:
1826:
993:
826:
778:
534:
469:
654:
5273:
3618:
3373:
2496:
1217:
731:
546:
296:
4691:
510:
5590:
5503:
5476:
5447:
5210:
2499:: First used in 1997, it is a dedicated-to-graphics bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 66 MHz.
2370:
2319:
2009:
1816:
1808:
1767:, VGA is an analog-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called
1327:
1241:
1225:
753:
707:(RAM), cooling system, and dedicated power regulators. A graphics card can offload work and reduce
465:
437:
321:
3574:
5651:
5533:
5528:
5416:
5389:
2468:
822:
581:
440:(GPU) that performs the necessary computations is the main component in a graphics card, but the
433:
87:
3814:
2345:
The historical connector used by EGA and CGA graphic cards is a female nine-pin D-subminiature (
1260:. Sapphire and Zotac also sell graphics cards exclusively for AMD and Nvidia GPUs respectively.
188:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
4541:"Discrete Desktop GPU Market Trends Q2 2016: AMD Grabs Market Share, But NVIDIA Remains on Top"
4090:"Nvidia SLI and AMD CrossFire is dead β but should we mourn multi-GPU gaming? | TechRadar"
2379:
1871:
1822:
1793:
842:
542:
538:
1359:
5423:
3279:
2486:
2383:
1850:
1841:
1572:
1315:
1306:
264:
3404:"Graphics Add-in Board (AIB) Market Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2024-2032"
5411:
3213:
2455:: An extension of ISA, it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 33 MHz. Also referred to as VESA.
2323:
2005:
1758:
1737:
The most common connection systems between the graphics card and the computer display are:
1692:
1643:
704:
690:
As an alternative to the use of a graphics card, video hardware can be integrated into the
550:
134:
4510:
3567:"Faster, Quieter, Lower: Power Consumption and Noise Level of Contemporary Graphics Cards"
1771:. Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video resolutions including
1352:
designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a
1272:
Beyond the gaming and multimedia segments, graphics cards have been increasingly used for
1220:
may weaken AMD, in which the latter derives a significant portion of its revenue from its
461:
8:
5285:
4942:
1941:
1638:
Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the screen image, such as the
1253:
1245:
268:
3699:
3588:
2398:
Chronologically, connection systems between graphics card and motherboard were, mainly:
2462:
2131:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1879:
1875:
1857:
1730:
1592:
1349:
1289:, and without video output ports. The graphics card industry took a setback due to the
1249:
603:
486:
Graphics cards are often preferred over integrated graphics for increased performance.
55:
2519:
The following table is a comparison between features of some interfaces listed above.
569:
enhancements signaled an era of specialized graphics processing in consumer machines.
5433:
5297:
5195:
5107:
5047:
4922:
4392:
3623:"Power-Supply Management Solution for PCI Express x16 Graphics 150W-ATX Add-In Cards"
3463:
2390:
says "8639" meaning that chip was manufactured week 39, 1986. This card is using the
1831:
1631:. The effective memory clock rate in modern cards is generally between 2 and 15
906:
572:
The evolution of graphics processing took a major leap forward in the mid-1990s with
351:
259:
3998:
3454:
2143:
5268:
5159:
3249:
3165:
2476:
2472:
2434:
2420:
2292:
2288:
1997:
1780:
1679:
1604:
1229:
834:
573:
444:"GPU" is sometimes also used to erroneously refer to the graphics card as a whole.
413:
3622:
3344:"Graphics cards dedicated to cryptocurrency mining are here, and we have the list"
1882:
variations, and the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with either 4 connectors (
666:
630:
5428:
5406:
5369:
5317:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5063:
2416:
2361:
2186:
2153:
2057:
1957:
1945:
1887:
1190:
1180:
1150:
974:
480:
4481:"Add-in board-market down in Q2, AMD gains market share [Press Release]"
3309:
271:, a PCI Express video card with VGA, HDMI, and DVI ports and a small cooling fan
5493:
5394:
5164:
5147:
4725:
3201:
2452:
2365:
1993:
1784:
1764:
1651:
1281:
1165:
846:
837:
or immersion cooling to achieve proper performance without thermal throttling.
708:
699:
639:
409:
401:
4861:
4805:
4751:
4275:
4059:
3674:"NVIDIA GeForce Ampere Architecture, Board Design, Gaming Tech & Software"
2337:
2122:), the S-video cable carries two synchronized signal and ground pairs, termed
584:
to the GPU, significantly improving gaming performance and graphical realism.
5640:
5595:
5585:
5565:
5381:
5260:
5200:
5152:
5067:
2080:
1937:
1890:
1768:
1750:
1675:
1596:
1135:
796:
720:
679:
611:
326:
5072:
200:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
5471:
5359:
5342:
5337:
5115:
4303:"Exploring Performance With Autodesk's Arnold Renderer GPU Beta β Techgage"
2430:
2261:
2001:
1953:
1706:
1587:
The memory capacity of most modern graphics cards ranges from 2 to 24
1378:
1353:
1175:
1160:
1115:
1091:
716:
634:
Classical desktop computer architecture with a distinct graphics card over
561:
4363:"V-Ray for Nuke β Ray Traced Rendering for Compositors | Chaos Group"
1842:
Video-in video-out (VIVO) for S-Video, composite video and component video
1301:
817:
linked in this way. AMD and Nvidia both have proprietary scaling methods,
27:
Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
5570:
5538:
5441:
5401:
5364:
5332:
5174:
4245:
3207:
2508:
2092:
1983:
1976:
1936:
data from an HDMI-compliant device ("the source device") to a compatible
1639:
1628:
1140:
1120:
1043:
884:
757:
691:
635:
557:
556:
In the late 1980s, advancements in personal computing led companies like
429:
311:
286:
280:
2063:
1972:
1912:
498:
5302:
5232:
5227:
5217:
4452:"Graphics Card Market Up Sequentially in Q3, NVIDIA Gains as AMD Slips"
4362:
2192:
2178:
1992:(VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a
1867:
1863:
1804:
1608:
1496:
1481:
1467:
1452:
1390:
1145:
1086:
818:
774:
712:
619:
4943:"ATI Radeon 7 pin SVID/OUT connector pinout diagram @ pinoutguide.com"
2443:: Introduced in 1987 by IBM it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 10 MHz.
1228:
build both AMD-based and Nvidia-based graphics cards. Others, such as
460:. Applications of general-purpose computing on graphics cards include
5580:
5575:
5559:
5488:
5327:
5179:
5142:
3187:
2493:, USB displays and display adapters exist. It was first used in 1996.
2402:
2386:
the layout was done in 1985, whereas the marking on the central chip
2106:
1437:
1373:
1108:
894:
643:
565:
2169:
2087:
color system might be supported, along with non-standard modes like
1846:
1607:
technology. During and after that year, manufacturers moved towards
638:. Typical bandwidths for given memory technologies, missing are the
76:
5518:
5169:
5104:
2490:
1588:
1394:
1277:
944:
791:
588:
577:
405:
398:
4246:"FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift"
5352:
5290:
5244:
4511:"Palit, PC Partner surpass Asustek in graphics card market share"
3485:"Intel Iris Pro 5200 graphics review: the end of mid-range GPUs?"
3179:
2100:
2017:
1883:
1789:
1205:
1081:
879:
771:
441:
346:
3462:(8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall.
2279:
2088:
1726:
1670:, or random-access-memory digital-to-analog converter, converts
5466:
5239:
4602:"Here's why you can't buy a high-end graphics card at Best Buy"
3183:
3169:
2415:, it became dominant in the marketplace in the 1980s. It is an
2304:
2273:
1792:
playback at 1080p is possible via the VGA analog interface, if
1745:
1667:
1655:
1624:
1542:
1102:
1096:
939:
899:
889:
874:
830:
768:
607:
599:
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3876:"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 in quad-SLI configuration benchmarked"
2157:
2024:, it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it.
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1678:
for use by a computer display that uses analog inputs such as
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849:, for simulations, and for training artificial intelligence.
564:. These cards were unique in that they incorporated discrete
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DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the
1603:, etc. Around 2003, the video memory was typically based on
1047:
1022:
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4470:
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3158:β a detailed list of standards like SVGA, WXGA, WUXGA, etc.
2346:
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1834:. It is worth noting that most manufacturers include a DVI-
1237:
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2485:: Although mostly used for miscellaneous devices, such as
5523:
5347:
4632:"GPU Prices Skyrocket, Breaking the Entire DIY PC Market"
3649:"Introducing NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 Series Graphics Cards"
3429:"Integrated vs Dedicated Graphics Cards | Lenovo US"
3173:
3161:
2482:
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2016:. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter
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845:), on workstations to accelerate video and 3D rendering,
695:
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4969:"ATI Radeon 8-pin audio / video VID IN connector pinout"
4572:"Nvidia touts GPU processing as the future of big data"
4504:
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These connectors are included to allow connection with
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3D rendering API availability across operating systems
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Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer
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483:
or a cable. These are known as external GPUs (eGPUs).
5029:
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bus with an average bandwidth of 10 to 20 MB/s.
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Some GPUs are designed with specific usage in mind:
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730:(APU), while Intel brands similar technology under "
424:
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4983:"How to Connect Component Video to a VGA Projector"
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2071:
For display on analog systems with SD resolutions (
973:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3873:
3210:β the computer memory used to store a screen image
2200:It uses three cables, each with an RCA connector (
625:
4662:"How Graphics Card shortage is killing PC Gaming"
4186:"GPU Accelerated Rendering and Hardware Encoding"
3337:
3335:
3310:"Powering Change with Nvidia AI and Data Science"
2471:: An interconnect bus architecture introduced by
1799:
1006:
5638:
4393:"System Requirements | Nuke | Foundry"
4030:"Crossfire and SLI market is just 300.000 units"
3760:"RTX 4090 | GeForce RTX 4090 Graphics Card"
1232:, build only Nvidia-based graphics cards, while
960:
954:
951:
5005:"Quality Difference Between Component vs. HDMI"
3272:
2524:List of device bandwidths Β§ Computer buses
1893:and out), or 6 connectors (S-Video in and out,
1775:and higher. Some problems of this standard are
3969:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce"
3963:
3961:
3936:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce"
3332:
1210:Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units
560:to develop specialized graphics cards for the
5621:History of computing hardware (1960sβpresent)
5102:
5088:
2177:The 8-pin mini-DIN connector is used in some
1952:. HDMI is a digital replacement for existing
4120:"Hardware Selection and Configuration Guide"
3906:"Head to Head: Quad SLI vs. Quad CrossFireX"
2336:
1252:. Hong Kongβbased AIB manufacturers include
3958:
2268:, a digital display connector is required.
1908:High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
1321:
1214:Comparison of AMD graphics processing units
301:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5095:
5081:
4966:
4914:
4216:"V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling"
1796:(ICT) is not enabled on the Blu-ray disc.
862:for applications to perform 3D rendering.
258:
4569:
3845:"SLI vs. CrossFireX: The DX11 generation"
2465:. It is a 32-bit bus clocked 33 MHz.
2355:
1932:data and compressed/uncompressed digital
1642:, which manages the depth coordinates in
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2487:secondary storage devices or peripherals
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4483:. Jon Peddie Research. 16 August 2013.
3341:
1990:Video Electronics Standards Association
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5639:
4832:"The Truth About DisplayPort vs. HDMI"
3789:"What is GPU sag, and how to avoid it"
3482:
3476:
3280:"OpenGL vs DirectX - Cprogramming.com"
2156:, an RGB or YPbPr video signal, or an
416:. Graphics cards are sometimes called
336:
5076:
4960:
4862:"Legacy Products | Matrox Video"
4812:from the original on 24 November 2020
4798:
4786:from the original on 12 November 2020
4517:from the original on 7 September 2013
4458:from the original on 28 November 2013
4136:from the original on 11 November 2020
4009:from the original on 12 December 2017
3979:from the original on 26 December 2017
3946:from the original on 26 December 2017
3855:from the original on 27 February 2013
3783:
3781:
3740:from the original on 19 February 2013
3599:from the original on 8 September 2008
3384:from the original on 12 December 2017
3320:from the original on 10 November 2020
3290:from the original on 12 December 2017
3260:from the original on 17 December 2017
1716:a DisplayPort, HDMI and two DVI ports
1314:A modern graphics card consists of a
5626:List of pioneers in computer science
5011:from the original on 4 February 2016
4905:
4766:
4702:from the original on 8 November 2019
4642:from the original on 20 January 2018
4612:from the original on 21 January 2018
4582:from the original on 20 January 2018
4551:from the original on 23 January 2018
4508:
4487:from the original on 3 December 2013
4429:from the original on 18 January 2021
4300:
4276:"OctaneRender 2020 Preview is here!"
4027:
3629:from the original on 5 December 2009
3517:from the original on 3 December 2013
3511:"Introducing The GeForce GTX 780 Ti"
3491:from the original on 3 December 2013
3452:
1917:High-Definition Multimedia Interface
1721:
811:
493:
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
3916:from the original on 10 August 2012
3700:"What is a Low Profile Video Card?"
3250:"ExplainingComputers.com: Hardware"
3151:List of graphics card manufacturers
852:
350:A modern consumer graphics card: A
24:
4893:from the original on 26 March 2018
4538:
4403:from the original on 1 August 2020
4343:from the original on 16 April 2020
4256:from the original on 11 April 2020
4070:from the original on 27 March 2020
3825:from the original on 15 March 2013
3778:
3730:"Best 'low profile' graphics card"
3354:from the original on 1 August 2020
3190:β examples of graphics card series
3156:List of computer display standards
2382:graphics. As can be seen from the
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2168:
2142:
2105:
2062:
1741:Video Graphics Array (VGA) (DE-15)
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4842:from the original on 1 March 2014
4373:from the original on 3 March 2020
4313:from the original on 3 March 2020
4282:from the original on 7 March 2020
4226:from the original on 3 March 2020
4196:from the original on 3 March 2020
4166:from the original on 3 March 2020
4100:from the original on 3 March 2020
4040:from the original on 3 March 2020
3766:from the original on 8 March 2023
3710:from the original on 24 July 2020
3483:Crijns, Koen (6 September 2013).
2479:bus clocked at 67 or 83 MHz.
2039:Other types of connection systems
1287:24 hours a day, seven days a week
1069:
45:This article has multiple issues.
5046:. 16th edition. Que Publishing.
4774:"DisplayPort Technical Overview"
4333:"GPU Rendering β Blender Manual"
3216:β the inverse of a graphics card
2287:An analog standard once used by
1878:. They often come in two 10-pin
1062:
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535:Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA)
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3543:. 30 March 2018. Archived from
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3342:Parrish, Kevin (10 July 2017).
1904:out and composite in and out).
1413:
737:
626:Discrete vs integrated graphics
547:Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)
456:allow using graphics cards for
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4887:"Video Signals and Connectors"
4509:Chen, Monica (16 April 2013).
4127:documents.blackmagicdesign.com
3589:"Video Card Power Consumption"
3446:
3421:
3396:
3366:
3302:
3242:
3227:
2326:output on a single connector.
2004:. VESA designed it to replace
1967:
1800:Digital Visual Interface (DVI)
1172:Artificial Intelligence Cloud
307:Display via one of:
13:
1:
5616:History of computing hardware
4779:. VESA.org. 10 January 2011.
3220:
1384:
426:integrated graphics processor
5484:Network interface controller
2318:A connector that provides a
1367:
1340:), also occasionally called
539:Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)
202:Knowledge's inclusion policy
7:
5281:Refreshable braille display
5223:Refreshable braille display
5044:Upgrading and Repairing PCs
4806:"FAQ Archive β DisplayPort"
3254:www.explainingcomputers.com
3239:. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
3176:and graphics card designers
3172:β quasi duopoly of 3D chip
3139:
2378:from 1985/1986, supporting
1363:A half-height graphics card
1198:
728:Accelerated Processing Unit
10:
5668:
5036:
4750:. HDMI.org. Archived from
4722:"Refresh rate recommended"
4692:"NVIDIA TITAN RTX is Here"
2521:
2423:bus clocked at 8 MHz.
2359:
2211:for digital component, or
2031:
1981:
1921:
1855:
1827:high-definition television
1814:
1756:
1325:
1280:processing. The growth of
829:generation, superseded by
802:
551:Video Graphics Array (VGA)
531:computer display standards
489:
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5552:
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5502:
5380:
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5259:
5188:
5123:
5114:
3619:Maxim Integrated Products
3374:"Graphic Card Components"
3146:List of computer hardware
1956:standards. HDMI supports
1661:
1274:general-purpose computing
1263:
1187:Automated/Driverless car
732:Intel Graphics Technology
670:Integrated graphics with
658:Integrated graphics with
458:general-purpose computing
404:that generates a feed of
276:
257:
3999:"NVIDIA Quad-SLI|NVIDIA"
3874:Adrian Kingsley-Hughes.
2411:: Introduced in 1981 by
2392:ISA 8-bit (XT) interface
2027:
1817:Digital Visual Interface
1809:Digital Visual Interface
1334:graphics processing unit
1328:graphics processing unit
1322:Graphics processing unit
1296:
438:graphics processing unit
5390:Central processing unit
5064:How Graphics Cards Work
3453:Brey, Barry B. (2009).
2376:Graphics Solution Rev 3
1825:, plasma screens, wide
784:
660:partitioned main memory
646:between GPU and CPU is
576:'s introduction of the
434:central processing unit
283: via one of:
5042:Mueller, Scott (2005)
4570:Chanthadavong, Aimee.
2395:
2356:Motherboard interfaces
2341:
2314:
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2196:
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2147:
2110:
2067:
1979:
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1794:Image Constraint Token
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1749:Video Graphics Array (
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1364:
1342:visual processing unit
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687:
663:
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620:multimedia experiences
543:Hercules Graphics Card
358:
3380:. 23 September 2011.
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2340:
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2195:
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2109:
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1975:
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1362:
1316:printed circuit board
1304:
1291:2020β21 chip shortage
709:memory-bus-contention
669:
657:
633:
466:cryptocurrency mining
349:
4060:"Is Multi-GPU Dead?"
3577:on 4 September 2011.
3284:www.cprogramming.com
1759:Video Graphics Array
1348:), is a specialized
705:random access memory
612:multi-monitor setups
470:molecular simulation
375:graphics accelerator
95:improve this article
4967:Pinouts.Ru (2017).
4915:Keith Jack (2007).
4754:on 22 February 2018
4672:on 1 September 2021
4638:. 19 January 2018.
1876:video game consoles
1424:Memory clock rate (
1218:integrated graphics
867:
779:Ampere architecture
672:unified main memory
254:
4367:www.chaosgroup.com
4250:www.redshift3d.com
4222:. 20 August 2019.
4096:. 24 August 2019.
4066:. 7 January 2018.
3886:on 7 February 2013
3851:. 11 August 2010.
3680:. 4 September 2020
3595:. 18 August 2006.
3547:on 1 December 2018
3408:www.imarcgroup.com
2396:
2342:
2315:
2284:
2197:
2174:
2148:
2132:mini-DIN connector
2111:
2068:
1980:
1950:digital television
1930:uncompressed video
1920:
1880:mini-DIN connector
1858:Video-in video-out
1854:
1813:
1755:
1735:
1731:Video-in video-out
1719:
1365:
1350:electronic circuit
1312:
1157:Cloud Workstation
865:
688:
664:
652:
562:Apple Macintosh II
509:. You can help by
393:, or colloquially
359:
252:
5647:Graphics hardware
5634:
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5604:
5603:
5534:Analog audio jack
5255:
5254:
4728:on 2 January 2007
4094:www.techradar.com
3487:. hardware.info.
3469:978-0-13-502645-8
3137:
3136:
2544:Bandwidth (MB/s)
2475:in 1995. It is a
2353:
2352:
2244:resolutions, and
1832:native resolution
1722:Output interfaces
1585:
1584:
1431:Bandwidth (GB/s)
1067:
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812:Multicard scaling
527:
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5007:. Extreme Tech.
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2473:Sun Microsystems
2289:Sun Microsystems
2154:composite (CVBS)
2130:, on a four-pin
2043:
2042:
1998:computer monitor
1942:computer monitor
1886:in and out plus
1781:image distortion
1777:electrical noise
1717:
1680:cathode-ray tube
1418:
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868:
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853:3D graphics APIs
574:3dfx Interactive
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4397:www.foundry.com
4391:
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4361:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4301:Williams, Rob.
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4190:helpx.adobe.com
4184:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4167:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4122:
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4101:
4088:
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4073:
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4058:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4010:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3973:www.geforce.com
3967:
3966:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3940:www.geforce.com
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
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3872:
3868:
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3856:
3843:
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3826:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3795:. 18 April 2023
3787:
3786:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3758:
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3743:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3723:
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3698:
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3683:
3681:
3672:
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3667:
3657:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3565:
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3560:
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3548:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3509:
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3504:
3494:
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3481:
3477:
3470:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3378:pctechguide.com
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3340:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3142:
3130:64000 / 128000
2979:
2959:
2939:
2900:
2880:
2860:
2526:
2368:
2362:Bus (computing)
2360:Main articles:
2358:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2187:Component video
2165:8-pin mini-DIN
2058:Composite video
2041:
2036:
2030:
1986:
1970:
1958:copy protection
1946:video projector
1926:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1888:composite video
1872:video recorders
1860:
1844:
1819:
1802:
1761:
1743:
1724:
1715:
1672:digital signals
1664:
1656:shader programs
1654:, and compiled
1416:
1387:
1370:
1330:
1324:
1299:
1266:
1201:
1191:Nvidia Drive PX
1181:Radeon Instinct
1072:
1048:In development
1023:In development
855:
835:water solutions
814:
805:
787:
740:
628:
589:NVIDIA RIVA 128
523:
517:
514:
507:needs expansion
492:
481:docking station
391:display adapter
365:(also called a
272:
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
192:Please help by
191:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
110:"Graphics card"
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5652:Graphics cards
5649:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5494:Expansion card
5491:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5431:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5395:Microprocessor
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5265:
5263:
5261:Output devices
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5165:Pointing stick
5162:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5059:
5058:External links
5056:
5055:
5054:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5022:
4996:
4974:
4959:
4934:
4927:
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4683:
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4593:
4562:
4528:
4498:
4469:
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4384:
4354:
4324:
4293:
4267:
4237:
4207:
4177:
4147:
4111:
4081:
4051:
4020:
4003:www.nvidia.com
3990:
3957:
3927:
3897:
3866:
3849:techreport.com
3836:
3806:
3793:Digital Trends
3777:
3751:
3734:Tom's Hardware
3721:
3691:
3665:
3640:
3610:
3580:
3558:
3541:Tom's Hardware
3528:
3502:
3475:
3468:
3445:
3433:www.lenovo.com
3420:
3395:
3365:
3348:Digital Trends
3331:
3301:
3271:
3241:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3202:AMD FireStream
3191:
3177:
3159:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:32000 / 64000
3110:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:16000 / 32000
3092:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:32000 / 64000
3056:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:16000 / 32000
3038:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:16000 / 32000
2984:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2944:
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2937:
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2878:
2872:
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2868:
2865:
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2640:
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2606:
2605:
2602:
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2587:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2480:
2466:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2424:
2406:
2366:Expansion card
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2032:Main article:
2029:
2026:
1994:display device
1982:Main article:
1969:
1966:
1922:Main article:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1856:Main article:
1851:VIVO connector
1843:
1840:
1815:Main article:
1801:
1798:
1785:sampling error
1763:Also known as
1757:Main article:
1742:
1739:
1723:
1720:
1712:Radeon HD 5850
1676:analog signals
1663:
1660:
1652:vertex buffers
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1386:
1383:
1369:
1366:
1326:Main article:
1323:
1320:
1307:Radeon HD 7970
1298:
1295:
1282:cryptocurrency
1265:
1262:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:AMD FireStream
1163:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1071:
1070:Specific usage
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
972:
969:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
942:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
854:
851:
847:visual effects
813:
810:
804:
801:
786:
783:
756:occurs in the
739:
736:
700:system-on-chip
674:, to be found
640:memory latency
627:
624:
622:in computing.
604:video decoding
525:
524:
518:September 2022
504:
502:
491:
488:
410:display device
402:expansion card
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
278:
274:
273:
265:Radeon HD 5570
263:
246:
245:
228:
227:
210:September 2022
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
151:September 2022
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5664:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:Parallel port
5564:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5382:Computer case
5379:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5308:Graphics card
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5206:Graphics card
5204:
5202:
5201:Image scanner
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Input devices
5113:
5109:
5106:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5069:
5068:HowStuffWorks
5065:
5062:
5061:
5053:
5052:0-7897-3173-8
5049:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5026:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4963:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4930:
4928:9780750678223
4924:
4920:
4919:
4911:
4909:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4867:
4863:
4857:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4782:
4775:
4769:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4533:
4516:
4513:. DIGITIMES.
4512:
4505:
4503:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4225:
4221:
4220:Puget Systems
4217:
4211:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4165:
4161:
4160:Puget Systems
4157:
4151:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4115:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:8000 / 16000
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:8000 / 16000
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:8000 / 16000
2907:
2905:5000 / 10000
2904:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2534:Width (bits)
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2210:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:video cards.
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:RCA connector
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:digital audio
1935:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:VGA connector
1766:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1695:, component,
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:, as well as
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:Intel Arc Pro
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Nvidia Quadro
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
976:
970:
968:
965:
964:
948:
946:
941:
937:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
870:
869:
863:
861:
850:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:for AMD, and
820:
809:
800:
798:
797:computer case
793:
782:
780:
776:
773:
770:
765:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
735:
733:
729:
724:
722:
721:video editing
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
697:
693:
685:
681:
680:PlayStation 4
677:
673:
668:
661:
656:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
623:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
579:
578:Voodoo series
575:
570:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
521:
512:
508:
505:This section
503:
500:
496:
495:
487:
484:
482:
478:
477:graphics card
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:video adapter
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:graphics card
357:
353:
348:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
256:
253:Graphics card
250:
242:
239:
224:
221:
213:
203:
199:
195:
189:
186:This article
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: β
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Video adapter
5472:Power MOSFET
5455:Power supply
5424:Data storage
5360:Flash memory
5338:Optical disc
5320:data storage
5307:
5205:
5043:
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
4999:
4987:. Retrieved
4977:
4962:
4950:. Retrieved
4946:
4937:
4917:
4895:. Retrieved
4881:
4869:. Retrieved
4865:
4856:
4844:. Retrieved
4835:
4826:
4814:. Retrieved
4800:
4788:. Retrieved
4768:
4756:. Retrieved
4752:the original
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4726:the original
4716:
4704:. Retrieved
4695:
4686:
4674:. Retrieved
4670:the original
4665:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4635:
4626:
4614:. Retrieved
4606:Ars Technica
4605:
4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4575:
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4544:
4519:. Retrieved
4489:. Retrieved
4460:. Retrieved
4431:. Retrieved
4417:
4405:. Retrieved
4396:
4387:
4375:. Retrieved
4366:
4357:
4345:. Retrieved
4336:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4307:techgage.com
4306:
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4270:
4258:. Retrieved
4249:
4240:
4228:. Retrieved
4219:
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4189:
4180:
4168:. Retrieved
4159:
4150:
4138:. Retrieved
4126:
4114:
4102:. Retrieved
4093:
4084:
4072:. Retrieved
4063:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4033:
4023:
4011:. Retrieved
4002:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3972:
3948:. Retrieved
3939:
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3909:
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3884:the original
3879:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3848:
3839:
3827:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3799:30 September
3797:. Retrieved
3792:
3768:. Retrieved
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3733:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3677:
3668:
3656:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3613:
3603:15 September
3601:. Retrieved
3592:
3583:
3575:the original
3571:xbitlabs.com
3570:
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3545:the original
3540:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3478:
3455:
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:
3423:
3413:15 September
3411:. Retrieved
3407:
3398:
3386:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3347:
3322:. Retrieved
3313:
3304:
3292:. Retrieved
3283:
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3253:
3244:
3229:
3214:Capture card
3121:PCIe Γ16 5.0
3120:
3102:
3084:
3076:4000 / 8000
3066:
3049:PCIe Γ16 4.0
3048:
3030:
3012:
3004:2000 / 4000
2994:
2975:PCIe Γ16 3.0
2974:
2954:
2946:4000 / 8000
2934:
2926:1000 / 2000
2916:
2896:PCIe Γ16 2.0
2895:
2887:4000 / 8000
2875:
2867:2000 / 4000
2855:
2837:
2829:4000 / 8000
2826:2500 / 5000
2818:
2810:2000 / 4000
2807:2500 / 5000
2799:
2791:1000 / 2000
2788:2500 / 5000
2780:
2769:2500 / 5000
2761:
2742:
2723:
2704:
2685:
2666:
2647:
2628:
2609:
2590:
2571:
2552:
2537:Clock rate (
2518:
2431:Macintosh II
2397:
2387:
2375:
2248:resolutions
2127:
2123:
2052:Description
2002:royalty-free
1987:
1954:analog video
1927:
1895:component YP
1861:
1835:
1820:
1762:
1736:
1700:
1665:
1637:
1586:
1571:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1511:
1497:
1482:
1466:
1451:
1436:
1414:Video memory
1400:
1388:
1379:water-cooled
1371:
1354:frame buffer
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1313:
1271:
1267:
1202:
1176:Nvidia Tesla
1161:Nvidia Tesla
1132:Workstation
1116:Cloud gaming
1092:Nvidia Titan
1073:
856:
839:
815:
806:
788:
766:
762:
749:power supply
741:
738:Power demand
725:
717:3D animation
713:video gaming
689:
676:AMD "Kaveri"
671:
659:
648:not possible
647:
616:
593:
586:
571:
566:2D QuickDraw
555:
528:
515:
511:adding to it
506:
485:
476:
474:
446:
421:
417:
408:output to a
394:
390:
386:
383:VGA card/VGA
382:
378:
374:
371:display card
370:
366:
362:
360:
306:
249:
234:
216:
207:
194:spinning off
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
5571:Serial port
5562:(IEEE 1394)
5539:DisplayPort
5529:Thunderbolt
5402:Motherboard
5365:Memory card
5333:Floppy disk
5175:Touchscreen
4985:. AZCentral
4732:17 February
4676:1 September
4666:MarketWatch
4636:ExtremeTech
4491:30 November
4462:30 November
4433:10 November
4140:10 November
4013:11 December
3983:11 December
3950:11 December
3819:geforce.com
3762:. GeForce.
3684:24 February
3678:TechPowerUp
3658:24 February
3633:17 February
3551:30 November
3521:30 November
3495:30 November
3388:11 December
3324:10 November
3294:11 December
3264:11 December
3208:Framebuffer
3103:PCIe Γ8 5.0
3085:PCIe Γ4 5.0
3067:PCIe Γ1 5.0
3031:PCIe Γ8 4.0
3013:PCIe Γ4 4.0
2995:PCIe Γ1 4.0
2955:PCIe Γ8 3.0
2935:PCIe Γ4 3.0
2917:PCIe Γ1 3.0
2876:PCIe Γ8 2.0
2856:PCIe Γ4 2.0
2847:500 / 1000
2838:PCIe Γ1 2.0
2509:PCI Express
2266:4K Ultra HD
2160:interface.
1984:DisplayPort
1977:DisplayPort
1968:DisplayPort
1868:DVD players
1864:televisions
1644:3D graphics
1476:6.4β17.066
1141:AMD FirePro
1121:Nvidia Grid
1087:GeForce RTX
1082:GeForce GTX
1044:Sailfish OS
958:iOS/iPadOS
825:(since the
777:30 series,
758:PCI-Express
692:motherboard
636:PCI Express
475:Usually, a
462:AI training
430:motherboard
312:DisplayPort
287:PCI Express
281:Motherboard
277:Connects to
5641:Categories
5318:Removable
5303:Sound card
5233:Sound chip
5228:Sound card
5218:Microphone
5108:components
5015:29 January
4989:29 January
4952:9 November
4921:. Newnes.
4897:29 January
4871:9 November
4790:23 January
4748:"HDMI FAQ"
4706:7 November
4646:22 January
4616:22 January
4586:22 January
4555:22 January
4521:1 December
4064:Tech Altar
3910:Maximum PC
3744:6 December
3704:Outletapex
3438:9 November
3358:16 January
3221:References
2772:250 / 500
2522:See also:
2433:, it is a
2429:: Used in
2256:, but not
2179:ATI Radeon
2049:Connector
1996:such as a
1563:1365β1770
1548:1000β1750
1536:288β336.5
1533:1000β2000
1518:3000β4000
1503:4000-8800
1491:12.8β25.6
1488:1600β4866
1461:3.2β8.533
1391:video BIOS
1385:Video BIOS
1276:, such as
1146:Radeon Pro
1126:Radeon Sky
914:Microsoft
819:CrossFireX
767:As of the
754:bottleneck
412:such as a
367:video card
198:relocating
121:newspapers
50:improve it
5581:PS/2 port
5576:Game port
5489:Fax modem
5328:Disk pack
5180:Trackball
5143:Light pen
4889:. Apple.
4816:22 August
4545:Anandtech
3188:Intel Arc
2756:Parallel
2737:Parallel
2718:Parallel
2699:Parallel
2680:Parallel
2661:Parallel
2642:Parallel
2623:Parallel
2604:Parallel
2585:Parallel
2566:Parallel
2403:S-100 bus
2388:CW16800-A
1581:512β1024
1578:250β1000
1473:800β2133
1458:400β1066
1374:heat sink
1368:Heat sink
1109:Intel Arc
895:OpenGL ES
644:Zero-copy
608:TV output
436:(CPU). A
422:dedicated
56:talk page
5560:FireWire
5553:Obsolete
5519:Ethernet
5298:Speakers
5196:Keyboard
5170:Touchpad
5105:computer
5009:Archived
4891:Archived
4846:13 March
4840:Archived
4836:dell.com
4810:Archived
4808:. VESA.
4781:Archived
4700:Archived
4640:Archived
4610:Archived
4580:Archived
4549:Archived
4515:Archived
4485:Archived
4456:Archived
4427:Archived
4401:Archived
4371:Archived
4341:Archived
4311:Archived
4280:Archived
4254:Archived
4224:Archived
4194:Archived
4164:Archived
4131:Archived
4098:Archived
4068:Archived
4038:Archived
4007:Archived
3977:Archived
3944:Archived
3920:13 March
3914:Archived
3890:13 March
3859:13 March
3853:Archived
3829:13 March
3823:Archived
3764:Archived
3738:Archived
3714:29 April
3708:Archived
3627:Archived
3597:Archived
3515:Archived
3489:Archived
3382:Archived
3352:Archived
3318:Archived
3288:Archived
3258:Archived
3140:See also
2819:PCIe x16
2677:132β800
2380:Hercules
1960:through
1940:device,
1699:, etc.)
1648:textures
1640:Z-buffer
1566:336β672
1551:160β673
1521:160β256
1446:1.6β3.2
1443:200β400
1395:firmware
1278:big data
1254:Sapphire
1246:GIGABYTE
1199:Industry
945:MoltenVK
792:RTX 4090
418:discrete
406:graphics
399:computer
269:Sapphire
5609:Related
5512:Current
5353:Blu-ray
5291:Plotter
5286:Printer
5269:Monitor
5245:Softcam
5153:Optical
5037:Sources
4407:3 March
4377:3 March
4347:3 March
4317:3 March
4286:3 March
4260:3 March
4230:3 March
4200:3 March
4170:3 March
4104:3 March
4074:3 March
4044:3 March
3770:3 April
3196:(i.e.:
3180:GeForce
3133:Serial
3125:1 Γ 16
3115:Serial
3097:Serial
3079:Serial
3061:Serial
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