946:, William Shakespeare uses this flower as a plot device to introduce the comical disturbance and chaos of love, but also to highlight the irrationality of romantic love. Here love is depicted as a sort of benevolent affliction. Shakespeare presents love to be something contradicting to one's normal feelings and ideas. However he also depicts the fact that those can lead to foolish and hurtful things and present the idea that love can also end in tragedy. The play shows that love can be a source of comedy as easily as of tragedy and therefore show that the power that the love potion from the Love-in-idleness inherits is beyond the comprehension of the fairies and mortals. In the end, the love-in-idleness nectar is used to restore all romances in the play to their original states (including Demetrius's prior affections for Helena before he turned to Hermia.)
901:'s intervention with the magic love potion of the flower, they can control the fates of various characters, but also speed up the process of falling in and out of love, so that the actual romances of the lovers and their love itself appears to become very comical. Shakespeare uses the flower to provide the essential dramatic and comical features for his play. Besides that the love potion gained from the flower, does not only interfere with the lovers' fates, but also gives the play structure as it affects the lovers' romances drastically, as it at first upsets the balance of love and creates asymmetrical love among the four Athenian lovers. The fact that this flower introduces magical love to this play creates the potential for many possible outcomes for this play.
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jealousy and anger, the less they become serious, and so their anger turns unreal. In the end, love is not denied and the lovers are reunited. Nevertheless, Shakespeare ends the lovers' story as a comedy, with the inclusion of several tragic and dramatic moments. This is supposed to show that love can be a source of comedy as easily as of tragedy, and therefore show that the power that the love potion from the
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299:
is a small plant of creeping and ramping habit, reaching at most 15 cm (6 ins) in height, with flowers about 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) in diameter. It grows in short grassland on farms and wasteland, chiefly on acid or neutral soils. It is usually found in partial shade. Its root is of the
1048:
uses heartsease as a metaphor of growing older as her confidence and her vision increases. The heartsease is known as love-lies-bleeding which is a type of the inseparability of the pain of living and the love of Christ. The garden was adorned with the flower which served as the speaker's life. The
908:
now, claims Oberon, "on sleeping eyelids laid, Will make or man or woman madly dote Upon the next live creature that it sees." Equipped with such powers, Oberon and Puck control the fates of various characters in the play to provide
Shakespeare's essential dramatic and comic structure for the play.
1365:
Piana, Mariana; Silva, Mariane
Arnoldi; Trevisan, Gabriela; Brum, Thiele Faccim de; Silva, Cássia Regina; Boligon, Aline Augusti; Oliveira, Sara Marchesan; Zadra, Marina; Hoffmeister, Carin; Rossato, Mateus Fortes; Tonello, Raquel; Laporta, Luciane Varini; Freitas, Robson Borba de; Belke, Bianca
965:
are not trying to kill one another, they are suffering from the rejection of their lovers and from considerable verbal abuse. However, this still happens at a very comical level, for the lovers are not aware of their situation. The more they try to present the dramatic side of love, the hate,
797:. He transformed the girl into a heifer and kept her grazing at his feet. For pity on the diet of herbs to which he submitted the beloved, he caused the earth to produce beautiful flowers that he called Io. Another Greek legend has it that the delicate white flowers were worshiped by
332:. The sepals are never larger than the corolla. It is 10 to 25 mm (3/8" to 1") long. This corolla can be purple, blue, yellow or white. It can most often be two-tone, yellow and purple. The tricolor shape, yellow, white and purple, is the most sought after.
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was originally a white flower, struck by one of Cupid's arrows, which turned it purple and gave it its magic love potion. When dripped onto someone's eyelids this love potion causes an individual to fall madly in love with the next person they see. In
645:
Heartsease contains compounds, including colorless crystalline compounds, proven to be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of some medical conditions (see
Traditional and Medicinal Uses section), such as cardiovascular problems, complications of
496:, cardio-relaxant, hypotensive, and cardio protective effects. Some studies have discovered potential anti-cancer properties, where the extract (primarily the ethyl acetate component) has been attributed to induced
549:), amino acids, chlorogenic acids, salicylates, as well as alkaloids, volatile oils, mucilage gums, resin, saponins, and vitamins A and C. Various carotenoids have also been isolated from the drug, including
890:, throned by the west" (supposedly Queen Elizabeth I) to fall upon the plant "before milk-white, now purple with love's wound". The "imperial vot'ress" passes on "fancy-free", destined never to fall in love.
304:
type with fine rootlets. The stem (acoli stem: which remains flush with the soil and from which leave the leaves and the flowering stalk) is hairless, sometimes downy and is branched. The plant has no leaf
1964:
Mortazavian, Seyed Mohsen; Ghorbani, Ahmad; Ghorbani Hesari, Taghi (2012-09-22). "Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic
Extracts of Viola Tricolor and its Fractions on Proliferation of Cervix Carcinoma Cells".
2214:
Vukics V., Ringer T., Kery A., Bonn G.K., Guttman A., "Analysis of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) flavonoid glycosides by micro-liquid chromatography coupled to multistage mass spectrometry."
774:
shot one of his arrows at the imperial votaress, but missed and instead struck it. As Cupid is the god of desire, affection and erotic love, the flower's juice received the trait, to act as a
277:; before the cultivated pansies were developed, "pansy" was an alternative name for the wild form. It can produce up to 50 seeds at a time. The flowers can be purple, blue, yellow or white.
1264:
Rimkiene, S.; Ragazinskiene, O.; Savickiene, N. (2003). "The cumulation of Wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.) accessions: The possibility of species preservation and usage in medicine".
2201:
Vukics V., Toth B.H., Ringer T., Ludanyi K., Kery A., Bonn G.K., Guttman A., "Quantitative and qualitative investigation of the main flavonoids in heartsease (Viola tricolor L.)".
1783:"Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and antiprotozoal effects of the methanolic Viola tricolor and acetonic Laurus nobilis extracts"
1781:
Batiha, Gaber El-Saber; Beshbishy, Amany Magdy; Alkazmi, Luay; Adeyemi, Oluyomi
Stephen; Nadwa, Eman; Rashwan, Eman; El-Mleeh, Amany; Igarashi, Ikuo (2020-03-17).
2147:"Edible flowers of Viola tricolor L. as a new functional food: Antioxidant activity, individual phenolics and effects of gamma and electron-beam irradiation"
2398:
Erika Svangård, Ulf Göransson, Zozan
Hocaoglu, Joachim Gullbo, Rolf Larsson,, Per Claeson and Lars Bohlin, 2004. "Cytotoxic Cyclotides from Viola tricolor"
1842:"Ex vivo and in vivo studies of Viola tricolor Linn. as potential cardio protective and hypotensive agent: Inhibition of voltage-gated Ca ++ ion channels"
545:
leaves, stems, roots and flowers have been found to contain antioxidants and flavonoids (including violanthin, violaquercitrin, quercetin, luteolin, and
886:
to gather "a little western flower that maidens call love-in-idleness". Oberon's account is that he diverted an arrow from Cupid's bow aimed at "a fair
425:, particularly Iranian, Greco-Arab, Ayurvedic and Unani traditional health systems. Traditionally, it has been used to treat cardiovascular conditions,
2381:
Tang J., Wang C.K., Pan X., Yan H., Zeng G., Xu W., He W., Daly N.L., Craik D.J., Tan N. "Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from
2145:
Koike, Amanda; Barreira, João C. M.; Barros, Lillian; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Villavicencio, Anna L. C. H.; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. (2015-07-15).
2028:
Tang, Jun; Wang, Conan K.; Pan, Xulin; Yan, He; Zeng, Guangzhi; Xu, Wenyan; He, Wenjun; Daly, Norelle L.; Craik, David J.; Tan, Ninghua (2010-08-01).
1900:
Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza; Ghorbani Hesari, Taghi; Mortazavian, Seyed Mohsen; Mousavi, Seyed Hadi; Tayarani-Najaran, Zahra; Ghorbani, Ahmad (2014-08-28).
2783:
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The effects of the love-in-idleness can be very dramatic and tragic, no matter if the intentions were right. The play reaches its point at which
2481:
2131:
Vukics V. Kery A. Guttman A."Analysis of polar antioxidants in
Heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) and Garden pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.)".
1413:
Hellinger, Roland; Koehbach, Johannes; Fedchuk, Halyna; Sauer, Barbara; Huber, Roman; Gruber, Christian W.; Gründemann, Carsten (2014-01-10).
2992:
2845:
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Saqib, Fatima; Mujahid, Khizra; Aslam, Muhammad Arif; Modhi, Alotaibi; Moga, Marius
Alexandru; Bobescu, Elena; Marceanu, Luigi (2020).
1017:
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680:
have proven to be useful in drug development due to their size and structure giving rise to high stability. Many cyclotides found in
2721:
2796:
2734:
1296:
Toiu, A.; Muntean, E.; Oniga, I.; Voştinaru, O.; Tămaş, M. (2009). "Pharmacognostic research on Viola tricolor L. (Violaceae)".
2868:
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2277:
Tobyn, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Margaret (2011-01-01), Tobyn, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Margaret (eds.),
1553:
Rahimi, Vafa
Baradaran; Askari, Vahid Reza; Hosseini, Mahmoud; Yousefsani, Bahareh Sadat; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza (May 2019).
3124:
3089:
2801:
1902:"Viola tricolor Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Exhibits Antiangiogenic Activity on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane"
986:
where
Luciento claims he found the effect of love-in-idleness - alluding to its qualities to simulate the effects of love.
1596:"Anticonvulsant Activity of Viola tricolor against Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazol and Maximal Electroshock in Mice"
1555:"Anticonvulsant Activity of Viola tricolor against Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazol and Maximal Electroshock in Mice"
1049:"weed" represents the sins of the speaker's life. However at the end, the speaker pleads her pain and waits her judgment.
2334:
Witkowska-Banaszczak E, Bylka W, Matławska I, Goślińska O, Muszyński Z, "Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb".
898:
1594:
Baradaran Rahimi, Vafa; Askari, Vahid Reza; Hosseini, Mahmoud; Yousefsani, Bahareh Sadat; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza (2019).
1219:"A Narrative study about the role of Viola odorata as traditional medicinal plant in management of respiratory problems"
2682:
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753:
735:
3109:
3033:
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Toiu A., Muntean E., Oniga I., Tǎmaş M. "Pharmacognostic research on Viola declinata Waldst. et Kit. (Violaceae)"
2770:
727:
441:, and cold symptoms, and modern research has begun to corroborate these traditionally held knowledges and uses.
1169:, a common garden plant of Shakespeare's day, varying in colour from white through pinks to an almost true blue.
3028:
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731:
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continent, near the sea or inland, at altitudes ranging from 0 to 2,700 metres (to 9,000'). It grows in open
321:
are often quite developed, at least those of the upper leaves. These stipules are palm-lined or palmatised.
3114:
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The flowers have also been used to make yellow, green and blue-green dyes, while the leaves can be used to
2622:
1514:
Witkowska-Banaszczak, Ewa; Bylka, Wiesława; Matławska, Irena; Goślińska, Olga; Muszyński, Zygmunt (2005).
1368:"Antiinflammatory effects of Viola tricolor gel in a model of sunburn in rats and the gel stability study"
63:
2979:
2612:
2607:
2584:
2278:
2113:, 胡健 & 杨子涛, "Preparation method of viola tricolor L indicator", issued 2014-06-18
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24:
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2003:
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in cancer cells. The seeds and roots, and to a lesser extent the flowers and stems, are also a known
2478:
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1722:
Conzelmann, Carina; Muratspahić, Edin; Tomašević, Nataša; Münch, Jan; Gruber, Christian W. (2022).
716:
31:
20:
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1189:
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778:. Its name relates to the use of the flower, as it is often used for idleness or vileness acts.
3079:
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2228:
Dziągwa-Becker, Magdalena; Weber, Ryszard; Zajączkowska, Olga; Oleszek, Wiesław (2018-01-01).
2084:
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355:, wastelands, mainly on acidic or neutral soils. It is also found on the banks and in the
8:
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The ancient Greeks and Chinese used the vials as medicine, and the Celts and Romans made
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Links to images, collected by the Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Working Group
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313:. Leaves are, on the contrary, alternate. They are stalked at limbus oval, oblong or
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1477:"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of alcoholic extract from Viola tricolor"
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It can hoist itself as much as a meter (3 ft) into a dense tangle of other growth.
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2230:"Free amino acids in Viola tricolor in relation to different habitat conditions"
1234:
650:, inflammations, immune disorders, and liver problems, among other indications.
335:
It flowers from April to September (in the Northern Hemisphere). The plants are
269:
into North America, where it has spread. It is the progenitor of the cultivated
226:(though this name is also applied to similar species such as the yellow pansy),
2940:
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1724:"In vitro Inhibition of HIV-1 by Cyclotide-Enriched Extracts of Viola tricolor"
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total carotenoids (8.45 mg/100g vegetal product, expressed in β-carotene).
554:
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2030:"Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor"
2004:"Antiproliferative effect of Viola tricolor on neuroblastoma cells in vitro"
854:, "There's pansies, that's for thoughts". (What Shakespeare had in mind was
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Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi
1298:
Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi
1025:
19:"Love in Idleness" and "Heartsease" redirect here. For the racehorse, see
2819:
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2539:
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1116:
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398:
310:
2886:
1593:
1415:"Immunosuppressive activity of an aqueous Viola tricolor herbal extract"
285:
50:
2726:
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1475:
Toiu, Anca; Pârvu, Alina Elena; Oniga, Ilioara; Tămaş, M (2007-04-01).
673:
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314:
2279:"CHAPTER 32 - Viola odorata, sweet violet; Viola tricolor, heartsease"
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Mahboubi, Mohaddese; Taghizadeh Kashani, Leila Mohammad (2018-12-01).
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inherits is beyond the comprehension of fairies and mortals alike.
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477:
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848:, "thought"): hence Ophelia's often quoted line in Shakespeare's
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Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club 1883–1885
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1966:
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
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1412:
1202:
Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004).
771:
546:
270:
75:
1649:
Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 8, Flowers
798:
794:
786:
1701:(4th ed.). Stuttgart: Scientific Publishing Company.
1216:
2002:
Mortazavian, Seyed Mohsen; Ghorbani, Ahmad (2020-08-20).
1295:
433:, and as an expectorant for respiratory problems such as
1094:, H. 161, written for piano in 1921 by British composer
371:
is known to be a host for at least two species of plant
2491:
Species information in the Plants for a Future database
868:
Shakespeare makes a more direct reference, probably to
2285:, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 337–348,
1839:
1364:
324:
The flowers are solitary and lateral, hoisted on long
805:
colored them, which resulted in tricolor coloration.
770:, the wild pansy turned into the Love-in-idleness as
328:. They appear on aerial stems with more or less long
2276:
2001:
1474:
417:, or sweet violet), have a long history of use in
16:Species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae
918:Before, milk-white, now purple with love's wound,
388:
3071:
460:properties, making it a potential treatment for
309:at the base, unlike some other violets, such as
210:is a common European wild flower, growing as an
2349:
2082:
1516:"Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb"
688:. This feature means it could be used to treat
397:, the wild pansy has been cultivated since the
2350:Hine and Martin, Robert and Elizabeth (2016).
2027:
1366:Vargas; Jesus, Roberta da Silva (2013-11-25).
1329:"Violet, Heartsease & Pansy Viola species"
1137:‘Sweet violet’, species related to V. tricolor
858:, the wild pansy, not a modern garden pansy.)
672:is one of many viola plant species containing
1196:
1052:Heartsease I found, where Love-lies-bleeding
1128:— species also sometimes called "heartsease"
1120:— species also sometimes called "heartsease"
1112:— species also sometimes called "heartsease"
861:
535:The plant, especially the flowers, contains
1163:The other candidate is "Love-in-a-Mist" or
734:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
635:, were also detected in Viola tricolor.
1696:
1079:'Love-lies-bleeding' was all my pleading,
973:
914:Yet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell:
49:
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2170:
1935:
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1857:
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1798:
1757:
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1446:
1073:Ah, when shades fell to light succeeding
1067:Stood sore in need of watering, weeding,
1006:If I achieve not this young modest girl.
1004:Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perish, Tranio,
957:are trying to kill one another. Although
754:Learn how and when to remove this message
1787:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
1645:
1024:
998:And now in plainness do confess to thee,
819:
526:
405:since 1810. As some of its names imply,
284:
2414:Bull, Henry. (1890). Love in Idleness (
2377:
2375:
996:I found the effect of love in idleness;
994:But see, while idly I stood looking on,
317:and more or less serrated margins. The
3072:
2317:
2315:
1997:
1995:
1641:
1639:
992:I never thought it possible or likely;
920:And maidens call it love-in-idleness.
789:fell in love with a young woman named
347:It is common almost everywhere on the
339:and self-fertile, pollinated by bees.
2506:
2505:
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2023:
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2008:Australian Journal of Herbal Medicine
1959:
1957:
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1895:
1893:
1470:
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1466:
1190:"Viola tricolor & Apis mellifera"
1058:Whatever flowers I missed unheeding,
1002:As Anna to the Queen of Carthage was,
990:O Tranio! till I found it to be true,
916:It fell upon a little western flower,
3034:8cd34fbe-4f93-4d70-be2e-c3eeecd07b8d
2861:5f2fb669-a445-48d7-9c79-4c0359ab5060
2372:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1000:That art to me as secret and as dear
980:Shakespeare mentions it in his play
840:", often by its alternative name of
836:was associated with thought in the "
828:Long before cultivated pansies were
732:adding citations to reliable sources
699:
597:Its 10 percent mucilages consist of
539:, has low toxicity, and is edible.
273:, and is therefore sometimes called
2312:
1992:
1636:
1600:Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
1559:Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
512:, and should be used with caution.
30:For the Theodor Storm novella, see
13:
2291:10.1016/b978-0-443-10344-5.00037-9
2203:Journal of Chromatographic Science
2133:Journal of Chromatographic Science
2122:
2018:
1952:
1890:
1699:Teedrogen and phytopharmaceuticals
1463:
793:and provoked jealousy to his wife
14:
3136:
2443:
1349:
1316:
1284:
1210:
1205:Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir
1033:
2972:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:869428-1
2461:
2449:
1223:Advances in Integrative Medicine
704:
62:
2432:Frith, Richard (1 March 2014).
2425:
2408:
2392:
2352:A Dictionary of Biology (7 ed.)
2343:
2328:
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2208:
2195:
2138:
2103:
2076:
1833:
1774:
1715:
1690:
1587:
1546:
1507:
1157:
830:released into the trade in 1839
522:
218:. The species is also known as
2163:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.123
2046:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.05.004
1406:
1336:Herb Federation of New Zealand
1257:
1182:
1148:
389:Traditional and medicinal uses
280:
1:
1906:BioMed Research International
1176:
1076:I scarcely dared look round:
1070:And binding growths unbound.
815:
464:. The extract is known to be
2218:. 1206(1):11-20, 2008 Oct 3.
1532:10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.005
1419:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1372:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1266:Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
1098:, is called "Heart's Ease".
695:
638:Extracts from the plant are
7:
3125:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3090:Flora of the United Kingdom
2400:Journal of Natural Products
2216:Journal of Chromatography A
2086:Breverton's Complete Herbal
1235:10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.003
1101:
1046:Christina Georgina Rossetti
801:. To inhibit this worship,
429:, skin diseases, burns and
25:Heartsease (disambiguation)
10:
3141:
1064:Yet still my garden mound
1055:Empurpled all the ground:
653:Heartsease plants contain
362:
342:
29:
18:
2514:
2205:. 46(2):97-101, 2008 Feb.
1800:10.1186/s12906-020-2848-2
1741:10.3389/fphar.2022.888961
1728:Frontiers in Pharmacology
1658:10.1007/978-94-017-8748-2
1652:. Springer. p. 815.
1431:10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.044
1384:10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.040
943:A Midsummer Night's Dream
927:A Midsummer Night's Dream
875:A Midsummer Night's Dream
863:A Midsummer Night's Dream
580:contains approximately:
480:, as well as potentially
186:
179:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
41:
3120:Plants described in 1753
2340:76(5):458-461, 2005 Jul.
2135:. 46(9):823-7, 2008 Oct.
2089:. Quercus. p. 332.
2083:Terry Breverton (2011).
1978:10.22038/ijogi.2012.5657
1141:
1085:
409:and other plants in the
244:Jack-jump-up-and-kiss-me
32:Viola Tricolor (novella)
21:Love in Idleness (horse)
3110:Garden plants of Europe
2474:Heartsease Maude Grieve
2434:Literature and Theology
2356:Oxford University Press
1013:The Taming of the Shrew
983:The Taming of the Shrew
975:The Taming of the Shrew
621:, and its derivatives.
2247:10.1515/chem-2018-0098
1030:
1023:
922:
825:
532:
293:
23:. For other uses, see
2389:2010 31:8 (1434-1440)
1859:10.1096/fj.202000658R
1028:
988:
912:
823:
530:
393:As an ornamental and
288:
252:three faces in a hood
2470:at Wikimedia Commons
1082:Heartsease I found.
1061:Heartsease I found.
728:improve this section
462:autoimmune disorders
3115:Flora of New Jersey
2325:2009 57:2 (219-222)
1919:10.1155/2014/625792
1697:Max Wichtl (2002).
893:In Act II and III,
838:language of flowers
824:On a dry grassland.
444:Studies have shown
2484:2007-02-22 at the
1031:
826:
533:
510:purgative/laxative
492:extract has shown
383:Ramularia agrestis
378:Pleospora herbarum
294:
248:come-and-cuddle-me
3067:
3066:
2895:Open Tree of Life
2508:Taxon identifiers
2498:Flowers in Sweden
2466:Media related to
2436:. pp. 29–44.
2300:978-0-443-10344-5
2096:978-1-62365-350-7
1846:The FASEB Journal
1708:978-3-8047-1854-8
1667:978-94-017-8747-5
1646:T.K. Lim (2014).
930:(Act 2, Scene 1)
904:The juice of the
844:(from the French
764:
763:
756:
584:saponins (4.40%),
458:anti inflammatory
454:immunosuppressant
203:
202:
3132:
3105:Medicinal plants
3095:Flora of Finland
3060:
3059:
3047:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2948:
2936:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2838:NBNSYS0000002944
2828:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2665:
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2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2603:
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2593:
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2570:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2503:
2502:
2465:
2454:Data related to
2453:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2423:
2412:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2347:
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2310:
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2274:
2268:
2267:
2249:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2174:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2040:(8): 1434–1440.
2025:
2016:
2015:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1961:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1921:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1861:
1852:(7): 9102–9119.
1837:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1802:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1743:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1472:
1461:
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1404:
1403:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1214:
1208:
1207:. ISSN 1027-832X
1200:
1194:
1193:
1192:. December 2016.
1186:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1021:
968:love-in-idleness
937:love-in-idleness
931:
759:
752:
748:
745:
739:
708:
700:
572:The fresh plant
517:indicate acidity
373:pathogenic fungi
256:love-in-idleness
192:
172:V. tricolor
67:
66:
53:
39:
38:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3100:Flora of Russia
3085:Flora of Europe
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2882:Observation.org
2880:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2809:MichiganFlora:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2733:
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2707:
2699:
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2673:
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2634:
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2598:
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2575:
2573:
2565:
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2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2510:
2486:Wayback Machine
2446:
2441:
2430:
2426:
2413:
2409:
2397:
2393:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2348:
2344:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2275:
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2226:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2123:
2116:
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2097:
2081:
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2026:
2019:
2000:
1993:
1962:
1953:
1898:
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1838:
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1779:
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1709:
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1411:
1407:
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1331:
1327:
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1317:
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1258:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1197:
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1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1104:
1088:
1038:
1022:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
978:
933:
924:
919:
917:
915:
866:
818:
783:Greek mythology
768:Roman mythology
760:
749:
743:
740:
725:
709:
698:
660:, chrysoeriol,
574:Viola declinata
525:
450:antinociceptive
413:genus (such as
395:medicinal plant
391:
365:
345:
283:
260:pink of my john
240:tickle-my-fancy
236:heart's delight
214:or short-lived
199:
194:
188:
175:
61:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:wfo-0000424643
3048:
3038:
3025:
3015:
3002:
2989:
2976:
2963:
2950:
2937:
2927:
2923:Viola tricolor
2914:
2910:Viola_tricolor
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2692:
2679:
2666:
2653:
2640:
2627:
2617:
2604:
2594:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2546:Viola tricolor
2536:
2520:
2518:
2516:Viola tricolor
2512:
2511:
2500:
2499:
2496:Viola tricolor
2493:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2468:Viola tricolor
2459:
2458:at Wikispecies
2456:Viola tricolor
2445:
2444:External links
2442:
2440:
2439:
2424:
2407:
2391:
2383:Viola tricolor
2371:
2364:
2342:
2327:
2311:
2299:
2269:
2240:(1): 833–841.
2234:Open Chemistry
2220:
2207:
2194:
2151:Food Chemistry
2137:
2121:
2102:
2095:
2075:
2017:
1991:
1951:
1889:
1832:
1773:
1714:
1707:
1689:
1666:
1635:
1606:(3): 220–226.
1586:
1565:(3): 220–226.
1545:
1526:(5): 458–461.
1506:
1487:(2): 525–529.
1462:
1425:(1): 299–306.
1405:
1378:(2): 458–465.
1348:
1315:
1283:
1272:(4): 411–416.
1256:
1229:(3): 112–118.
1209:
1195:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1125:Viola ocellata
1121:
1113:
1109:Viola arvensis
1103:
1100:
1087:
1084:
1042:Balm in Gilead
1037:
1035:Balm in Gilead
1032:
1029:Purple flower.
1018:Act 1, Scene 1
1008:
977:
972:
911:
865:
860:
817:
814:
762:
761:
712:
710:
703:
697:
694:
682:Viola tricolor
676:. These small
640:anti-microbial
625:Anthocyanidins
619:salicylic acid
595:
594:
591:
585:
555:antheraxanthin
524:
521:
500:and inhibited
474:anti epileptic
466:anti microbial
390:
387:
369:Viola tricolor
364:
361:
344:
341:
297:Viola tricolor
291:Viola tricolor
282:
279:
224:Johnny Jump up
207:Viola tricolor
201:
200:
195:
190:Viola tricolor
184:
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55:
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46:
45:
43:Viola tricolor
15:
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3081:
3080:Viola (plant)
3078:
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2365:9780198714378
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2283:Medical Herbs
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1168:
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1136:
1134:
1133:Viola odorata
1130:
1127:
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1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
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811:
806:
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800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:According to
779:
777:
773:
769:
766:According to
758:
755:
747:
744:November 2023
737:
733:
729:
723:
722:
718:
713:This section
711:
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687:
683:
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671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
651:
649:
643:
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634:
633:umbelliferone
630:
626:
622:
620:
616:
613:, as well as
612:
608:
604:
600:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:beta-Carotene
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
538:
529:
520:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:V. tricolor L
487:
486:antiprotozoal
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
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726:Please help
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662:isorhamnetin
652:
644:
637:
623:
596:
577:
573:
571:
551:violaxanthin
542:
541:
537:antioxidants
534:
523:Biochemistry
514:
502:angiogenesis
494:vasorelaxant
489:
448:extract has
445:
443:
414:
410:
406:
401:and bred in
392:
382:
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368:
367:In Iceland,
366:
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265:It has been
264:
259:
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247:
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232:heart's ease
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138:Malpighiales
121:
108:
95:
82:
42:
36:
2946:kew-2461201
2820:NatureServe
2748:iNaturalist
2540:Wikispecies
2337:Fitoterapia
2172:10198/12654
2014:(3): 93–96.
1912:: e625792.
1520:Fitoterapia
1117:Viola lutea
870:V. tricolor
856:V. tricolor
834:V. tricolor
776:love potion
670:V. tricolor
578:V. tricolor
446:V. tricolor
407:V. tricolor
399:Middle Ages
311:Viola hirta
289:Flowers of
281:Description
102:Angiosperms
3074:Categories
3041:WisFlora:
2941:Plant List
2620:Calflora:
2306:2023-08-11
1734:: 888961.
1676:2014936737
1342:2023-08-12
1177:References
906:heartsease
816:Literature
674:cyclotides
666:kaempferol
631:, such as
563:zeaxanthin
543:V tricolor
435:bronchitis
415:V. odorata
353:grasslands
330:internodes
315:lanceolate
275:wild pansy
267:introduced
228:heartsease
220:wild pansy
2714:200014437
2701:200014437
2264:105302257
2256:2391-5420
2181:0308-8146
2054:0196-9781
1986:1680-2993
1928:2314-6133
1884:219173032
1868:0892-6638
1809:2662-7671
1793:(1): 87.
1750:1663-9812
1612:0253-0716
1493:0048-7848
1439:0378-8741
1392:0378-8741
1243:2212-9588
1090:No. 1 of
951:Demetrius
812:of them.
803:Aphrodite
715:does not
696:Mythology
686:cytotoxic
655:aglycones
629:coumarins
607:arabinose
603:galactose
590:(10.26%),
588:mucilages
498:apoptosis
482:antiviral
419:herbalism
357:alluviums
326:peduncles
216:perennial
166:Species:
148:Violaceae
72:Kingdom:
3029:VicFlora
3018:VASCAN:
3011:33800045
3006:Tropicos
2907:PalDat:
2825:2.141047
2789:11316104
2776:869428-1
2597:BioLib:
2525:Wikidata
2482:Archived
2387:Peptides
2323:Farmacia
2189:25722133
2157:: 6–14.
2070:33157266
2062:20580652
2034:Peptides
1946:25243166
1876:32475023
1827:32183812
1768:35712712
1684:10703425
1630:31182888
1581:31182888
1540:15893888
1501:17983197
1457:24216163
1400:24008111
1310:21491816
1278:12738912
1251:80368847
1102:See also
1092:3 Lyrics
1009:—
955:Lysander
810:perfumes
678:peptides
658:apigenin
648:diabetes
611:rhamnose
478:diuretic
470:sedative
427:epilepsy
349:Eurasian
319:stipules
144:Family:
115:Eudicots
2900:1080622
2727:5331347
2644:Ecocrop
2531:Q190326
2416:Nigella
1937:4163403
1818:7077018
1759:9196940
1621:6525727
1572:6525727
1448:3918579
1166:Nigella
897:'s and
736:removed
721:sources
690:cancers
615:tannins
599:glucose
403:Britain
363:Ecology
343:Habitat
307:rosette
302:rhizome
154:Genus:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
2998:3389-6
2954:PLANTS
2858:NZOR:
2851:214053
2688:185219
2662:584541
2613:292129
2577:123617
2574:APDB:
2554:AoFP:
2362:
2297:
2262:
2254:
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2179:
2117:
2093:
2068:
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1944:
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1618:
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1390:
1338:. 2022
1308:
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1241:
963:Helena
959:Hermia
895:Oberon
888:vestal
882:sends
880:Oberon
851:Hamlet
846:pensée
559:lutein
531:Flower
506:emetic
476:, and
439:asthma
431:eczema
258:, and
212:annual
128:Rosids
2993:SANBI
2985:19017
2930:PFI:
2869:NZPCN
2802:22175
2784:IRMNG
2763:20842
2760:IPA:
2753:55739
2740:41789
2683:EUNIS
2675:VIOTR
2649:10853
2636:5BHQ6
2600:38871
2590:94653
2564:APA:
2260:S2CID
2066:S2CID
1880:S2CID
1680:S2CID
1332:(PDF)
1247:S2CID
1142:Notes
1086:Music
842:pansy
772:Cupid
547:rutin
411:Viola
271:pansy
159:Viola
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
3044:5406
3021:9528
2967:POWO
2959:VITR
2933:3209
2918:PfaF
2887:7657
2874:2632
2846:NCBI
2812:2800
2797:ITIS
2771:IPNI
2735:GRIN
2722:GBIF
2670:EPPO
2623:8319
2608:BOLD
2585:APNI
2567:3738
2557:1960
2360:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2252:ISSN
2185:PMID
2177:ISSN
2091:ISBN
2058:PMID
2050:ISSN
1982:ISSN
1942:PMID
1924:ISSN
1910:2014
1872:PMID
1864:ISSN
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1805:ISSN
1764:PMID
1746:ISSN
1703:ISBN
1672:LCCN
1662:ISBN
1626:PMID
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1536:PMID
1497:PMID
1489:ISSN
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1435:ISSN
1396:PMID
1388:ISSN
1306:PMID
1274:PMID
1239:ISSN
961:and
953:and
935:The
899:Puck
884:Puck
799:Eros
795:Hera
787:Zeus
719:any
717:cite
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627:and
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576:and
565:and
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2287:doi
2242:doi
2167:hdl
2159:doi
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1932:PMC
1914:doi
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