1442:
1488:
238:
892:
July 19 and 21, Neptunalia on 23 and
Furrinalia on 25). While the festivals of July dealt with untamed nature (woods) and waters (superficial waters the Neptunalia and underground waters the Furrinalia) at a time of danger caused by their relative deficiency, those of August were devoted to the results of human endeavour on nature with the storing of harvested grain (Consualia) and their relationship to human society and regality (Opiconsivia) which at that time were at risk and required protection from the dangers of the excessive strength of the two elements of fire (Vulcanalia) and wind (Vulturnalia) reinforced by dryness.
816:
1053:
66:
4012:
1017:
establishing a referential on Earth in that precise location connecting it with Heaven; the sacrificial fire, which conveys the offer to Heaven; and the defensive fire, which is usually located on the southern boundary of the sacred space and has a protective function against evil influences. Since the territory of the city of Rome was seen as a magnified temple in itself, the three fires should be identified as the hearth of the landlord in the temple of Vesta (
1009:, to avert its potential danger to harvested wheat. His cult is located outside the boundaries of the original city to avoid the risk of fires caused by the god in the city itself. This power is, however, considered useful if directed against enemies and such a choice for the location of the god's cult could be interpreted in this way too. The same idea underlies the dedication of the arms of the defeated enemies, as well as those of the surviving general in a
981:
812:. A fragment of a Greek pot showing Hephaestus found at the Volcanal has been dated to the 6th century BC, suggesting that the two gods were already associated at this date. However, Vulcan had a stronger association than Hephaestus with fire's destructive capacity, and a major concern of his worshippers was to encourage the god to avert harmful fires.
1476:
iron, silver or gold. On the third day he beat the cooled metal into shapes: bracelets, chains, swords and shields. Vulcan made pearl-handled knives and spoons for his foster mother, and for himself he made a silver chariot with bridles so that seahorses could transport him quickly. He even made slave-girls of gold to wait on him and do his bidding.
1390:. Festus writes: "Parilibus Romulus Vrbem condidit, quem diem festum praecipue habebant iuniores." The date of April 21 marked the starting point of the process of initiation of the future new citizens which concluded four months later on the ceremony of the Consualia, which involves athletic games and marriages.
1688:
were found some ancient tufaceous foundations that probably belonged to the
Volcanal and traces of a rocky platform, 3.95 meters long and 2.80 meters wide, that had been covered with concrete and painted in red. Into its upper surface are dug several narrow channels and in front of it are the remains
891:
The
Vulcanalia was part of the cycle of the four festivities of the second half of August (Consualia on August 21, Vulcanalia on 23, Opiconsivia on 25 and Vulturnalia on 27) related to the agrarian activities of that month and in symmetric correlation with those of the second half of July (Lucaria on
1645:
were summoned to expiate the prodigy and they had it moved to a lower site, where sunlight never reached, out of their hatred for the Romans. The fraud was revealed, however, and the haruspices were executed. Later it was found that the statue should be placed on a higher site, thus it was placed in
1479:
Later, Thetis left her underwater grotto to attend a dinner party on Mount
Olympus wearing a beautiful necklace of silver and sapphires that Vulcan had made for her. Juno admired the necklace and asked where she could get one. Thetis became flustered, causing Juno to become suspicious; and, at last,
1475:
Vulcan carefully shut this precious coal in a clamshell, took it back to his underwater grotto, and made a fire with it. On the first day after that, Vulcan stared at this fire for hours on end. On the second day, he discovered that when he made the fire hotter with bellows, certain stones sweated
1502:
Juno was furious and demanded that Vulcan return home, a demand that he refused. However, he did send Juno a beautifully constructed chair made of silver and gold, inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Juno was delighted with this gift but, as soon as she sat in it her weight triggered hidden springs and
1016:
Through comparative interpretation this aspect has been connected by Dumézil to the third or defensive fire in the theory of the three Vedic sacrificial fires. In such theory three fires are necessary to the discharge of a religious ceremony: the hearth of the landlord, which has the function of
1380:, and as the name Volcanus resembles that of the ancient Cretan god honoured in the ÎΔλÏ?ÎœÎčα who presided over initiation rites, the Consualia must have a meaning of integration into the citizenship. This provides an explanation for the choice of the festival of the
898:
Another custom observed on this day required that one should start working by the light of a candle, probably to propitiate a beneficial use of fire by the god. In addition to the
Vulcanalia of August 23, the date of May 23, which was the second of the two annual
1680:
would have been more and more encroached upon by the surrounding buildings until it was totally covered over. Nonetheless the cult was still alive in the first half of the imperial era, as is testified by the finding of a dedica of
Augustus's dating from 9 BC.
1135:
In all of the above-mentioned stories, the god's fertilizing power is related to that of the fire of the house hearth. In the case of
Caeculus, his mother was impregnated by a spark that dropped on her womb from the hearth while she was sitting nearby.
1375:
with whom the deified
Romulus was identified. As the Consualia were mentioned first in connection with the founding of Rome in the episode of the abduction of the Sabine women, as the Volcanalia are celebrated two days later and two days before the
1584:, that occurred sixteen years after the foundation of Rome. There Romulus would have also dedicated to Vulcan a statue of himself and an inscription in Greek characters listing his successes. Plutarch states that Romulus was represented crowned by
1455:
As the son of
Jupiter, the king of the gods, and Juno, the queen of the gods, Vulcan should have been quite handsome, but baby Vulcan was small and ugly with a red, bawling face. Juno was so horrified that she hurled the tiny baby off the top of
2061:
V, X: "...Et arae
Sabinum linguam olent, quae Tati regis voto sunt Romae dedicatae: nam, ut annales dicunt, vovit Opi, Florae, Vediovi Saturnoque, Soli, Lunae, Volcano et Summano, itemque Larundae, Termino, Quirino, Vortumno, Laribus, Dianae
1471:
Vulcan had a happy childhood with dolphins as his playmates and pearls as his toys. Late in his childhood, he found the remains of a fisherman's fire on the beach and became fascinated with an unextinguished coal, still red-hot and glowing.
1441:
1740:
He was selected from among people who had already held public office in Ostia or in the imperial administration. The pontifex was the sole authority who had a number of subordinate officials to help discharge his duties, namely three
1186:. Their meaning is quite clear: at the divine level Vulcan impregnates a virgin goddess and generates Jupiter, the king of the gods; at the human level he impregnates a local virgin (perhaps of royal descent) and generates a king.
1304:
by GĂ©rard Capdeville, primarily under the suggestion of the close similarity of their names. Cretan Velchanos is a young god of Mediterranean or Near Eastern origin who has mastership of fire and is the companion of the
2401:
In Dumézil's interpretation the Vulturnalia were associated with the protection of riping grapes from a hot and dry southwestern wind named Vulturnus, not with the river Tiber, as Mommsen had supposed, or Vulturnus of
2075:
V, 10: "Ignis a gnascendo, quod huic nascitur et omne quod nascitur ignis succendit; ideo calet ut qui denascitur cum amittit ac frigescit. Ab ignis iam maiore vi ac violentia Volcanus dictus. Ab eo quod ignis propter
1463:
Vulcan fell down for a day and a night, landing in the sea. Unfortunately, one of his legs broke as he hit the water, and never developed properly. Vulcan sank to the depths of the ocean, where the sea-nymph
1729:: he had under his jurisdiction all the sacred buildings in town and could give or withhold the authorisation to erect new statues to Eastern divinities. He was chosen for life, perhaps by the council of the
1693:
itself. The rock shows signs of damages and repairs. On the surface there are some hollows, either round or square, that bear resemblance to graves and were interpreted as such in the past, particularly by
1522:. It was said that whenever Venus was unfaithful, Vulcan grew angry and beat the red-hot metal with such a force that sparks and smoke rose up from the top of the mountain, creating a volcanic eruption.
1175:
were the sons of Vulcan and of a local divine being or a virgin as in the case of Caeculus. Cacus and Caca would represent the metallurgic and the domestic fire, projections of Vulcan and of
895:
It is recorded that during the Vulcanalia people used to hang their clothes and fabrics under the sun. This habit might reflect a theological connection between Vulcan and the divinized Sun.
1363:
and there he dedicated a quadriga with his own statue after his first victory. It is there too that a part of the tradition locates the place of his death: the site was marked by the
1002:
The nature of Vulcan is connected with religious ideas concerning fire; the Roman concept of Vulcan seems to associate him to both the destructive and the fertilizing powers of fire.
1603:
was perhaps used as a cremation site, as suggested by the early use of the Forum as a burial site. Livy mentions it twice, in 189 and 181 BC, for the prodigies of a rain of blood.
1341:(Velchania) as well as a month ÏΔλÏÎŹÎœÎčÎżÏ (Welchanios) are attested: a gloss by Hesychius states that "Velchanos is Zeus among the Cretan". He was the first god of the cavern of
880:
The festival of Vulcan, the Vulcanalia, was celebrated on August 23 each year, when the summer heat placed crops and granaries most at risk of burning. During the festival,
3438:
1568:, with an area dedicated to the god and a perennial fire. It was one of the most ancient Roman shrines. According to Roman tradition the sanctuary had been dedicated by
1926:. He is not a character in the novel and is now the "god of guns" in this version, using the forge at his ammunition factory as a symbolic representation of a volcano.
1536:
To punish mankind for stealing the secrets of fire, Jupiter ordered the other gods to make a poisoned gift for man. Vulcan's contribution to the beautiful and foolish
494:
1026:
Another meaning of Vulcan is related to male fertilizing power. In various Latin and Roman legends he is the father of famous characters, such as the founder of
4412:
3519:
3383:
1698:. After the discovery of cremation tombs in the Forum the latter scholar maintained that the Volcanal was originally the site where corpses were cremated.
2196:
1666:
631:
237:
4417:
2814:
Maiestas and Maia, though, are possibly the same divine person: compare Ovid's explanations of the meaning of the name of the month May in his
2938:
Thomaidis, Konstantinos; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Freda, Carmela; Corsaro, Rosa A.; Behncke, Boris; Rafailidis, Savvas (2021).
487:
3061:
1695:
4161:
412:
247:
3573:
2503:
2297:
2276:
480:
915:, were held just once on August 23, 20 BC, within the temple precinct of Vulcan, and used by Augustus to mark the treaty with
2147:
1820:
1618:
and from it the kings and the magistrates of the beginnings of the republic addressed the people, before the building of the
1367:: Festus writes "Niger lapis in Comitio locum funestum significat, ut ali, Romuli morti destinatum...". On the day of the
468:
316:
3414:
1247:
as well, Maia was associated with Vulcan; and he backs up his view by quoting the ritual prayers in use by Roman priests.
785:
that a temple of Vulcan should be located outside the city, and the Vulcanal may originally have been on or outside the
4429:
3543:
434:
407:
3354:
2531:
2347:
2236:
2033:
1230:
relates Cincius' opinion that Vulcan's female companion is Maia. Cincius justifies his view on the grounds that the
1144:
was impregnated by a male sex organ that miraculously appeared in the ashes of the sacrificial ara, at the order of
1843:
1356:, not to mention Romulus in the version transmitted by Promathion, which is very similar to the legend of Servius.
417:
1197:
of 217 BC. Other facts that seem to hint at this connection are the relative proximity of the two sanctuaries and
4223:
3511:
680:
1487:
3391:
2516:
1410:, jewelry, and armor for various gods and heroes, including the lightning bolts of Jupiter. He was the son of
2335:
The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic: An Introduction to the Study of the Religion of the Romans
1588:. Moreover, he would have planted a sacred lotus tree in the sanctuary that was still living at the time of
1160:. The divinity of the child was recognized when his head was surrounded by flames and he remained unharmed.
3566:
2293:
1874:
1250:
Vulcan is the patron of trades related to ovens (cooks, bakers, confectioners) as attested in the works of
654:
2465:
1940:
The M61A1 20mm Cannon fitted to many Western combat aircraft is named for Vulcan as the bringer of fire.
1023:); the sacrificial fires of each temple, shrine or altar; and the defensive fire in the temple of Vulcan.
4460:
2263:
1689:
of a draining channel made of tufaceous slabs. The hypothesis has been suggested that this was Vulcan's
4094:
4068:
1771:(Lat. Forum Vulcani). The place is a plain where many sulphurous vapour outlets are located (currently
1348:
His name is very similar to that of Latin god Volcanus, who himself was considered to be the father of
1198:
3536:
4228:
4063:
1917:
1886:
1685:
946:
was in charge of the cult of the god. The flamen Vulcanalis officiated at a sacrifice to the goddess
793:. The Volcanalia sacrifice was offered here to Vulcan, on August 23. Vulcan also had a temple on the
1120:. This view, however, is in conflict with that which links the goddess to Jupiter, as his daughter (
4343:
4322:
4312:
3719:
3582:
3054:
3050:
2526:. Translated Documents of Greece and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. no. 99.
1321:. At Praeneste the uncles of Caeculus are known as Digiti, a noun that connects them to the Cretan
1306:
296:
225:
17:
2339:
4500:
4495:
4327:
3559:
2224:
731:
31:
1540:
was to mould her from clay and to give her form. He also made the thrones for the other gods on
815:
707:. The Minoan god's identity would be that of a young deity, master of fire and companion of the
4490:
4475:
4155:
2993:
2382:
2368:
1289:
715:
545:
444:
2940:"A message from the 'underground forge of the gods': history and current eruptions at Mt Etna"
1507:
who finally saved the day: he promised that if Vulcan released Juno he would give him a wife,
1037:, a primordial being or king, later transformed into a monster that inhabited the site of the
4485:
4374:
4271:
3927:
3846:
3594:
1830:
reported that the name "Vulcan" was being promoted as a name for "newly discovered" moons of
1654:
1480:
the queen god discovered the truth: the baby she had once rejected had grown into a talented
1423:
1223:
779:
366:
306:
2939:
4369:
4253:
4207:
3997:
3841:
3614:
2951:
2329:
1949:
989:
808:. Vulcan became associated like his Greek counterpart with the constructive use of fire in
610:
573:
561:
461:
454:
204:
1503:
metal bands sprung forth to hold her fast. The chair was a cleverly designed trap. It was
977:
were added to the sacrifices made on the Vulcanalia, at least in that region of the city.
609:), which in turn was thought of as related to flames. This interpretation is supported by
8:
4480:
4465:
4407:
4213:
4099:
4073:
3932:
3781:
3771:
3734:
2333:
2192:
1809:
1673:
1585:
1504:
1411:
1226:
interprets Maia as a goddess related to growth by connecting her name with IE root *MAG.
1117:
1089:
1061:
326:
301:
140:
3490:
2955:
1386:
as the date of the foundation of Rome, since these are first of all the festival of the
4470:
4286:
3912:
3836:
3811:
3714:
3694:
3634:
3551:
3495:
2975:
1869:
The name "Vulcan" has been used for various other fictional planets, in and out of the
1323:
1149:
958:
643:
87:
3457:
3018:
2021:
1495:
1468:
found him and took him to her underwater grotto, wanting to raise him as her own son.
1236:
sacrificed to her at the Kalendae of May. In Piso's view, the companion of the god is
4424:
4384:
4038:
3992:
3866:
3856:
3806:
3679:
3659:
3654:
3639:
3512:"John Prine, Who Chronicled the Human Condition in Song, Dies at 73 (Published 2020)"
2979:
2967:
2527:
2343:
2232:
2143:
2029:
1989:
1878:
1508:
1176:
1109:
924:
801:
599:
The origin of the name is unclear. Roman tradition maintained that it was related to
569:
449:
189:
174:
166:
2377:
2028:. trans. Philip Krapp. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 320â321.
1052:
888:
or small animals were thrown as a sacrifice, to be consumed in the place of humans.
4317:
4048:
3967:
3907:
3766:
3744:
3729:
2959:
2499:
2411:
1979:
1912:" one, but he and his wife (called Venus) are still essential to the overall plot.
1882:
1734:
1706:
1419:
1415:
1237:
1217:
1172:
1164:
1104:
Some scholars think that Vulcan might be the unknown god who impregnated goddesses
1073:
1069:
947:
383:
154:
144:
1592:
and was said to be as old as the city. The hypothesis has been presented that the
1335:
Velchanos was the supreme god of early Cretan religion, where the festival of the
1300:
The origin of the Roman god of fire Vulcan has been traced back to the Cretan god
4439:
4434:
4353:
4348:
4201:
4169:
4053:
3586:
3242:
2313:
2272:
2137:
1909:
1859:
1626:
1589:
1403:
1353:
1318:
1268:
1259:
1153:
1137:
1097:
1042:
984:
790:
759:
696:
549:
439:
284:
243:
2389:
267:
4291:
4180:
4043:
3761:
3238:
1904:
1835:
1702:
920:
794:
778:
co-king, with a traditional date in the 8th century BC. It was the view of the
684:
584:
557:
524:
511:
388:
356:
65:
1834:. The moons had been discovered in 2011 and 2012, bringing the count of known
1749:. These were religious offices, different from civil offices of similar name.
1080:
figure) standing behind the wheel, manning it, with Ixion already tied to it.
4454:
4218:
4142:
4058:
3987:
3957:
3937:
3786:
3709:
3699:
3600:
2971:
1994:
1984:
1847:
1802:
1709:, where games in his honour were held during the festival of the Volcanalia.
1638:
1541:
1457:
1359:
The founder of Rome has a close relationship with this god as he founded the
1192:
1038:
966:
767:
763:
708:
395:
377:
336:
55:
1954:
650:
620:
It has been supposed that his name was not Latin but related to that of the
4281:
4276:
4238:
4135:
3684:
3624:
3443:
3439:
International Astronomical Union Decides Against Naming Pluto Moon 'Vulcan'
2461:
1870:
1863:
1718:
1449:
1202:
900:
809:
771:
639:
588:
279:
3689:
3362:
3237:
IV, 5; Gellius writes that the episode was recorded in the XI book of the
1737:
in Rome. It was the highest administrative position in the town of Ostia.
1049:
the details are identical even though Vulcan is not explicitly mentioned.
661:. But since the name in its normal form is stable and has a clear meaningâ
4033:
1923:
1851:
1565:
1364:
1213:
1189:
The first mention of a ritual connection between Vulcan and Vesta is the
872:
529:
4011:
695:, in the genitive). GĂ©rard Capdeville finds a continuity between Cretan
4243:
4150:
3917:
3902:
3892:
3821:
3801:
1974:
1930:
1896:
1855:
1642:
1561:
1515:
1481:
1431:
1399:
1368:
1085:
805:
565:
214:
2963:
1580:. According to Plutarch, though, the war in question was that against
980:
903:
or ceremonies for the purification of trumpets, was sacred to Vulcan.
673:("of the family")âthis hypothesis has been considered unacceptable by
4389:
3977:
3871:
3120:
2260:
1891:
1813:
1795:
1757:
1577:
1342:
1301:
1285:
1227:
1027:
647:
626:
402:
1084:
sits at Mercury's feet; a Roman fresco from the eastern wall of the
4296:
4233:
4174:
4078:
3897:
3851:
3826:
3756:
3664:
3649:
3644:
3619:
3415:"Vulcan has big lead in bid to name Pluto's newly discovered moons"
2267:
1630:
1615:
1573:
1530:
1372:
1349:
1314:
1255:
1145:
1065:
1030:
962:
951:
786:
782:
755:
351:
178:
162:
117:
1756:(ancient Hippo Regius), it is considered possible that the writer
3952:
3942:
3861:
3831:
3816:
3776:
3674:
2494:
1827:
1764:
1662:
1581:
1569:
1537:
1511:
the goddess of love and beauty. Vulcan agreed and married Venus.
1406:, Vulcan came to be considered as the manufacturer of art, arms,
1382:
1281:
1251:
1244:
1141:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1046:
1010:
916:
881:
853:
820:
775:
674:
533:
158:
99:
2166:
Paris, 1974, part II, chap. 2. It. tr. Milano 1977 p. 284 n. 12.
1371:(August 23) a sacrifice was offered to Hora Quirini, paredra of
4379:
4121:
4115:
4028:
3962:
3947:
3922:
3704:
3629:
3046:
3041:
2818:: V 1â52 Maiestas; 81â106 Maia both as possible eponyms of May.
2191:
1959:
1779:
1753:
1619:
1526:
1519:
1465:
1435:
1183:
1163:
Through the comparative analysis of these myths, archaeologist
970:
931:
537:
346:
341:
170:
73:
3537:
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Vulcan)
1552:
The main and most ancient sanctuary of Vulcan in Rome was the
4248:
3972:
3796:
3751:
3739:
3724:
3669:
3127:
2593:
Paris, 1974, part 2, chap. 2; It. tr. Milan 1977 pp. 277â280.
1933:
song, "The Lonesome Friends of Science" from his last album,
1831:
1794:
Vulcan is the patron god of the English steel-making city of
1725:, was the most important of the town. The sacerdos was named
1596:
was founded when the Forum was still outside the town walls.
1427:
1310:
1263:
1206:
1168:
1157:
1113:
1077:
1057:
1034:
621:
600:
580:
541:
331:
273:
81:
3491:"American Gods Introduces New Character Vulcan, God of Guns"
2231:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. no. 1.7c.
579:
Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion:
4129:
3982:
2456:
2288:
2177:
Volchanus. Rechérches comparatistes sur le culte de Vulcain
2048:
Corbishley, Mike "Ancient Rome" Warwick Press 1986 Toronto.
1969:
1964:
1767:
we know that at Pozzuoli there was an area called in Greek
1701:
Another temple was erected to the god before 215 BC in the
1407:
1345:, where he had an oracle, and was honoured also in Cyprus.
1212:
Vulcan is related to two equally ancient female goddesses,
1201:' testimony that both cults had been introduced to Rome by
974:
909:
885:
290:
2223:
591:
dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan.
3791:
2937:
2924:
G. Capdeville "Jeux athlétiques et rituels de fondation"
2876:
Volcanus. Rechérches comparatistes sur le cult de Vulcain
1309:. These traits are preserved in Latium only in his sons
1156:
tells the same story, but states that the father was the
965:(emperor 81â96) established a new altar to Vulcan on the
3581:
3314:
AE 1953, 00073; G. Gaggero Introduction to Suetonius's
766:, and was reputed to date to the archaic period of the
730:, the typical appendage indicating the god's domain in
552:. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The
3081:
3079:
2647:
Fortuna, I, Fortuna dans la religion romaine archaique
653:("the Alan smith WĂ€rgon"), and postulated an original
642:
have proposed on their side a matching theonym in the
27:
Ancient Roman god of fire, volcanoes, and metalworking
1752:
On the grounds of a fragmentary inscription found at
3471:
Summers, David Lee (Spring 2015). "The Automation".
3151:
3149:
1798:. His statue stands on top of Sheffield Town Hall.
3076:
2651:
Romolo. La fondazione di Roma tra storia e leggenda
2203:. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 583â584
884:were created in honour of the god, into which live
738:could therefore be a cognate of the Sanskrit words
583:, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the
3172:as cited by Samuel Ball Platner & Thomas Ashby
1895:franchise, for instance, is specified as orbiting
3146:
2998:theoi.com/Olympios/HephaistosLoves.html#aphrodite
2521:
1908:by B.L.A. and G.B. Gabbler. His role is often a "
1684:At the beginning of the 20th century, behind the
1272:about the litigation between a cook and a baker.
4452:
2885:1999 4 p. 475-481; Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge in
2251:Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II.50.3; Varro V.74.
1182:These legends date back to the time of preurban
2328:
2020:
1819:A 12-foot-tall and 1200-pound Vulcan statue at
1292:, Corynetes, Cercyon, Philottus, and Spinther.
1846:decided in June 2013 to finalize the names as
1076:stands and gestures. On the left is Vulcanus (
770:, and to have been established on the site by
3567:
2089:New York 1963 (first published in 1882) s.v.
2087:Etymological Dictionary of the Benis Language
1915:Vulcan is a character in the Starz TV series
1733:, and his position was the equivalent of the
1284:' Fabulae, the sons of Vulcan are Philammon,
1005:In the first aspect, he is worshipped in the
957:Vulcan was among the gods placated after the
488:
1576:dedicated to the god, a war trophy from the
1393:
1205:to comply with a vow he had made in battle.
1045:. In a variant of the story of the birth of
800:The Romans identified Vulcan with the Greek
1625:On the Volcanal there was also a statue of
1336:
1231:
1190:
1127:
1121:
1018:
941:
935:
907:
754:Vulcan's oldest shrine in Rome, called the
604:
459:
393:
79:
71:
53:
3574:
3560:
3174:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
2878:Rome 1994. Reviewed by Bernard Sergent in
2201:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
2187:
2185:
2115:W. Meid "Etrusc. Velkhans- Lat. Volcanus"
1216:, perhaps the goddess who stops fires and
1116:. In this case, he would be the father of
669:(the name of one of the Nartic families)+
613:in his etymological dictionary as meaning
495:
481:
64:
3546:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
3458:"The Automation Review (Comedic Fantasy)"
2926:Publications de l'Ăcole Française de Rome
2324:
2322:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1637:, after it had been struck by lightning.
683:has proposed the identification with the
2854:Iudicium coci et pistoris iudice Vulcano
2229:Religions of Rome Volume 2: A Sourcebook
1902:Vulcan is a main character in the novel
1486:
1440:
1051:
979:
961:in AD 64. In response to the same fire,
814:
630:, a god of nature and the nether world.
518:, in archaically retained spelling also
46:God of fire, metalworking, and the forge
3470:
2182:
1560:, an open-air space at the foot of the
1430:was believed to be situated underneath
1258:(the god is the cook at the wedding of
14:
4453:
3544:Vulcanalia article in William Smith's
3509:
2319:
2219:
2217:
2007:
1295:
722:may represent a god of the fire named
3555:
3376:
2777:A dictionary of classical antiquities
2524:The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian
2338:. London: Macmillan and Co. pp.
1821:California University of Pennsylvania
1789:
1614:. It was five meters higher than the
1572:. He had placed on the site a bronze
1330:
523:
3412:
3185:Livy Ab Urbe Condita Libri XL 19, 2.
2310:Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia
2135:
2131:
2129:
1721:the cult of the god, as well as his
1564:, in the northwestern corner of the
1398:Through his identification with the
993:(detail): Vulcan, god of fire (1497)
797:, which was in existence by 214 BC.
789:before they expanded to include the
634:has disputed this identification as
252:sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter
2434:Genova Il Melangolo 1979 pp. 60 ff.
2303:
2214:
2093:: "cf. Sanskrit varchar-s: lustre".
1786:, on fixed days devoted to Vulcan.
1727:pontifex Vulcani et aedium sacrarum
568:, the god of fire and smithery. In
24:
4010:
3390:. October 21, 2009. Archived from
2430:Paris Gallimard 1975; It. transl.
2227:; John North; Simon Price (1998).
2026:Archaic Roman Religion: Volume One
1778:Pliny the Elder records that near
1629:that had been moved here from the
1514:Vulcan later built a smithy under
758:, was situated at the foot of the
435:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
25:
4512:
3530:
2880:Revue de l'histoire des religions
2126:
2104:Zeus: a study in Ancient religion
819:A fresco of Vulcan-Hephaestus in
560:held August 23 in his honor. His
3522:from the original on 2021-06-09.
3510:Grimes, William (8 April 2020).
3413:Gray, Kevin (20 February 2013).
2428:Fetes romaine d'Ă©tĂš et d'automne
1881:to orbit the Sun closer in than
1873:, that do not correspond to the
1844:International Astronomical Union
236:
3503:
3483:
3464:
3450:
3432:
3406:
3347:
3334:
3321:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3251:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3179:
3162:
3133:
3105:
3092:
3067:
3035:
3011:
2986:
2931:
2918:
2909:
2896:
2868:
2859:
2847:
2834:
2821:
2808:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2682:
2669:
2656:
2639:
2626:
2613:
2596:
2583:
2570:
2557:
2540:
2509:
2488:
2471:
2450:
2437:
2420:
2405:
2395:
2362:
2282:
2254:
2245:
2169:
1823:serves as the school's mascot.
1712:
1072:sits on her throne. Behind her
2608:Scholia Veronensia ad Aeneidem
2517:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
2156:
2109:
2096:
2079:
2065:
2051:
2042:
1547:
603:words connected to lightning (
13:
1:
3073:Cf. above note 10, 11 and 12.
2753:CIL VI, 00802, found in Rome.
2610:VII 681 p. 438, 16 ff. Hagen.
2591:La religion romaine archaique
2164:La religion romaine archaĂŻque
2139:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
2117:Indogermanische Forschugungen
2000:
1929:Vulcan is a character in the
1676:, in the course of time the
3384:"New Vulcan Statue Unveiled"
2649:Rome, 1982; A. Mastrocinque
1446:Venus in the Forge of Vulcan
681:Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h
594:
7:
3207:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3194:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3159:Milano Rizzoli 1977 p. 285.
3157:La religione romana arcaica
3098:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
2766:XII 23, 2: "Maiam Volcani".
2142:. OUP Oxford. p. 268.
1943:
1529:, Vulcan was the father of
997:
726:and attached to the suffix
86:(conical hat), sculpted by
10:
4517:
4069:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
4008:
3316:Life of the twelve Caesars
3303:La vita quotidiana a Ostia
2994:"Hephaestus and Aphrodite"
2522:Robert K. Sheark. (1988).
2136:West, M. L. (2007-05-24).
2106:1925 Vol. II, pp. 945 ff.
1875:hypothetical planet Vulcan
1199:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
923:that had been lost at the
749:
29:
4400:
4362:
4336:
4305:
4264:
4192:
4108:
4087:
4064:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
4021:
3885:
3610:
3593:
2779:It. transl., Turin, 1995.
2727:Dionysius Halicarnasseus
1877:, which was theorized by
1838:to five. Though the name
1686:Arch of Septimius Severus
1394:Greek myths of Hephaestus
1337:
1126:) and his mother too, as
969:. At the same time a red
950:, held every year at the
868:
860:
849:
841:
833:
828:
742:("darting flame") and/or
210:
200:
195:
185:
150:
136:
131:
123:
113:
105:
94:
63:
51:
44:
39:
4323:Rape of the Sabine Women
3355:"History of Vulcan Park"
3170:Altitalische GrÀberkunde
2316:, Haydock, 1995, p. 215.
1842:won a popular vote, the
1782:fire came out from soil
1653:In 304 BC a sacellum to
1132:, meaning "primordial".
1041:in Rome, and Roman king
572:, he is identified with
4328:Battle of Lacus Curtius
2902:Solinus II 9; Arnobius
2481:I 12,18; Aulus Gellius
2373:On the Meaning of Words
2195:; Thomas Ashby (1929).
1935:The Tree of Forgiveness
1275:
746:("brilliance, glare").
732:Indo-European languages
646:legendary smith of the
606:fulgur, fulgere, fulmen
540:, metalworking and the
32:Vulcan (disambiguation)
4015:
3583:Ancient Roman religion
2915:Hesychius Î 315 Latte.
2606:fragment 65, cited in
2369:Sextus Pompeius Festus
1922:based on the novel by
1784:statis Vulcano diebus
1760:had held this office.
1661:: it was dedicated by
1499:
1452:
1232:
1191:
1128:
1122:
1101:
1019:
994:
942:
936:
919:and the return of the
908:
823:
605:
546:ancient Roman religion
532:including the fire of
515:
460:
445:Ancient Greek religion
394:
80:
72:
54:
4014:
3473:Tales of the Talisman
3290:Italische GrÀberkunde
3279:Richter BRT iv 15â16.
3259:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
3209:Antiquitates Romanae
3196:Antiquitates Romanae
3176:London 1928 p. 583-4.
2645:Jacqueline Champeaux
2578:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
2387:On the Latin Language
1816:statue in the world.
1490:
1444:
1418:, and the husband of
1266:'s short poem in the
1224:Herbert Jennings Rose
1055:
983:
818:
259:Practices and beliefs
4208:Interpretatio graeca
3460:. 22 September 2016.
2865:Hyginus Fabulae 158.
2729:Antiquitates Romanae
2520:4914, translated by
1950:Kaveh the Blacksmith
1769:agora' of Hephaistos
611:Walter William Skeat
587:, records that king
525:[wÊÉ«ËkaËnÊs]
462:Interpretatio Graeca
455:Gallo-Roman religion
98:under the island of
30:For other uses, see
4408:Classical mythology
4229:Theology of victory
4074:Kings of Alba Longa
3499:. 22 December 2016.
3329:Geografia. L'Italia
3100:Roman Antitquitites
2956:2021GeolT..37..141T
2718:Turin, 1997, p. 52.
2193:Samuel Ball Platner
1810:Birmingham, Alabama
1674:Samuel Ball Platner
1492:The Forge of Vulcan
1296:Hypothetical origin
1209:confirms the fact.
1090:House of the Vettii
1060:: in the center is
1013:ritual to the god.
921:legionary standards
856:in honour of Vulcan
201:Etruscan equivalent
109:Blacksmith's hammer
70:Vulcan, wearing an
4461:Vulcan (mythology)
4016:
3516:The New York Times
3141:Naturalis Historia
3111:The Italic lotus,
2716:La nascita di Roma
2690:Naturalis Historia
2548:Questiones Romanae
2443:Pliny the Younger
2175:GĂ©rard Capdeville
1937:released in 2018.
1790:In popular culture
1500:
1453:
1331:Foundation of Rome
1150:Tarquinius Priscus
1106:Fortuna Primigenia
1102:
995:
959:Great Fire of Rome
824:
522:, both pronounced
297:funerary practices
88:Bertel Thorvaldsen
4448:
4447:
4425:Etruscan religion
4039:Romulus and Remus
4022:Legendary figures
4006:
4005:
3655:Castor and Pollux
3331:V,4,6, Milan 1988
2964:10.1111/gto.12362
2906:III 41, 1; 43, 3.
2904:Adversus Nationes
2714:Andrea Carandini
2149:978-0-19-928075-9
1990:Vulcan Iron Works
1879:Urbain Le Verrier
1745:and two or three
1657:was built in the
1641:writes that some
1612:locus substructus
1556:, located in the
1518:on the island of
1424:Aphrodite (Venus)
1233:flamen Volcanalis
1108:at Praeneste and
1068:and on the right
943:flamen Vulcanalis
925:Battle of Carrhae
878:
877:
864:Sacrifice of fish
845:Roman, Historical
657:smith god named *
570:Etruscan religion
562:Greek counterpart
505:
504:
450:Etruscan religion
408:agricultural gods
307:mystery religions
253:
220:
219:
16:(Redirected from
4508:
4318:Founding of Rome
4088:Legendary beings
4049:Tullus Hostilius
3886:Abstract deities
3745:Lares Familiares
3608:
3607:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3524:
3523:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3448:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3361:. Archived from
3351:
3345:
3340:Pliny the Elder
3338:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3255:
3249:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3166:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3139:Pliny the Elder
3137:
3131:
3109:
3103:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2935:
2929:
2928:1993 p. 182-186.
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2900:
2894:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2744:V 73: see above.
2738:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2688:Pliny the Elder
2686:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2660:
2654:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2513:
2507:
2492:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2454:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2412:Paulinus of Nola
2409:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2133:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2059:De Lingua Latina
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2018:
1980:Adur Burzen-Mihr
1735:pontifex maximus
1707:Circus Flaminius
1340:
1339:
1235:
1196:
1165:Andrea Carandini
1131:
1125:
1022:
945:
939:
914:
834:Observed by
826:
825:
608:
527:
497:
490:
483:
465:
399:
384:Capitoline Triad
242:
240:
230:
222:
221:
211:Greek equivalent
85:
77:
68:
59:
37:
36:
21:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4440:Myth and ritual
4435:Greek mythology
4396:
4358:
4354:Pignora imperii
4349:Parabiago Plate
4332:
4301:
4260:
4194:
4188:
4170:Sibylline Books
4104:
4083:
4054:Servius Tullius
4017:
4002:
3881:
3597:
3589:
3580:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3508:
3504:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3394:on June 4, 2013
3382:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3256:
3252:
3243:Verrius Flaccus
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3113:diospyrus lotus
3110:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2661:
2657:
2644:
2640:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2552:De architectura
2545:
2541:
2534:
2514:
2510:
2493:
2489:
2476:
2472:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2425:
2421:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2378:piscatorii ludi
2367:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2342:â124, 209â211.
2330:W. Warde Fowler
2327:
2320:
2314:The Book People
2308:
2304:
2294:Ab urbe condita
2287:
2283:
2273:Roman Questions
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2204:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2134:
2127:
2114:
2110:
2102:Arthur B. Cook
2101:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2062:Lucinaeque...".
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2022:Georges Dumézil
2019:
2008:
2003:
1946:
1910:deus ex machina
1812:is the largest
1792:
1715:
1627:Horatius Cocles
1610:was probably a
1590:Pliny the Elder
1550:
1496:Diego VelĂĄzquez
1404:Greek mythology
1396:
1354:Servius Tullius
1333:
1319:Servius Tullius
1298:
1278:
1269:Latin Anthology
1260:Amor and Psyche
1154:Pliny the Elder
1138:Servius Tullius
1043:Servius Tullius
1000:
985:Andrea Mantegna
937:flamines minors
791:Capitoline Hill
752:
651:Kurd-AlÀ-WÀrgon
597:
556:was the annual
501:
440:Roman mythology
422:
418:divine emperors
403:underworld gods
361:
357:Fratres Arvales
311:
254:
251:
244:Marcus Aurelius
228:
226:
90:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4501:Cattle deities
4498:
4496:Spring deities
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4292:Pythagoreanism
4289:
4287:Peripateticism
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:The Golden Ass
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4139:
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4100:Barnacle goose
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3531:External links
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427:Related topics
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3365:on 2008-02-15
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2944:Geology Today
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2073:Lingua Latina
2068:
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2037:
2035:0-8018-5482-2
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2017:
2015:
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1996:
1995:Vulcanization
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1918:American Gods
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1885:. The planet
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1542:Mount Olympus
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1525:According to
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1497:
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1307:Great Goddess
1303:
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1283:
1280:According to
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1243:According to
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976:
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967:Quirinal Hill
964:
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949:
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934:, one of the
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768:kings of Rome
765:
764:Forum Romanum
761:
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745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:According to
712:
710:
709:Great Goddess
706:
703:and Etruscan
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632:Wolfgang Meid
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56:Dii Consentes
50:
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4486:Volcano gods
4344:Gubernaculum
4313:Golden Bough
4282:Neoplatonism
4277:Epicureanism
4206:
4179:
4160:
4141:
4134:
4120:
3876:
3625:Anna Perenna
3599:
3545:
3515:
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3494:
3485:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3452:
3444:The Atlantic
3442:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:the original
3387:
3378:
3367:. Retrieved
3363:the original
3358:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3301:C. Pavolini
3297:
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3086:
3069:
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3026:. Retrieved
3022:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:
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2603:
2602:Cato Censor
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2432:Feste Romane
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2364:
2353:. Retrieved
2334:
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2200:
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2171:
2163:
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2138:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2085:W. W. Skeat
2081:
2072:
2067:
2058:
2053:
2044:
2025:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1901:
1897:40 Eridani A
1890:
1871:Solar System
1868:
1839:
1825:
1818:
1803:
1800:
1793:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:Outside Rome
1700:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1659:area Volcani
1658:
1652:
1648:area Volcani
1647:
1634:
1624:
1611:
1608:area Volcani
1607:
1605:
1600:
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1558:area Volcani
1557:
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1524:
1513:
1501:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1450:Pieter Thijs
1445:
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1387:
1381:
1377:
1360:
1358:
1347:
1334:
1322:
1299:
1290:Erichthonius
1279:
1267:
1249:
1242:
1222:
1211:
1203:Titus Tatius
1188:
1181:
1167:opines that
1162:
1134:
1103:
1098:Fourth Style
1064:holding the
1025:
1020:aedes Vestae
1015:
1006:
1004:
1001:
988:
956:
929:
905:
897:
894:
890:
879:
850:Celebrations
837:Ancient Rome
810:metalworking
799:
772:Titus Tatius
753:
743:
739:
735:
727:
723:
719:
713:
704:
700:
692:
688:
679:
670:
666:
665:("smith") +
662:
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640:Vasily Abaev
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625:
619:
614:
598:
589:Titus Tatius
578:
553:
519:
507:
506:
376:
289:
272:
248:head covered
229:ancient Rome
78:(tunic) and
4418:Persecution
4370:Gallo-Roman
4162:Res divinae
4034:Rhea Silvia
3424:25 February
3359:Vulcan Park
3292:i. 413 sqq.
3270:CIL VI 457.
3246:Memorabilia
3155:G. Dumézil
3003:December 4,
2893:p. 434-436.
2805:XIII, 23, 2
2775:H. J. Rose
2705:VI 625â636.
2653:Este, 1993.
2589:G. Dumezil
2565:Ad Aeneidem
2485:XIII 23, 2.
2426:G. Dumezil
2417:XXXII, 139.
2266:; see also
2225:Beard, Mary
2162:G. Dumezil
1924:Neil Gaiman
1808:located in
1705:, near the
1566:Roman Forum
1548:Sanctuaries
1378:Opiconsivia
1365:Lapis Niger
1214:Stata Mater
1100:(60â79 AD).
912:Vulcanalici
901:Tubilustria
873:August 23rd
861:Observances
787:city limits
638:. Meid and
530:god of fire
317:Priesthoods
227:Religion in
196:Equivalents
4481:Hephaestus
4466:Roman gods
4455:Categories
4363:Variations
4265:Philosophy
4244:Capitolium
4151:Propertius
3918:Averruncus
3903:Aeternitas
3893:Abundantia
3822:Proserpina
3369:2008-02-24
3342:Nat. Hist.
3318:Milan 1994
3235:Noct. Att.
3028:2021-03-24
3023:Mythopedia
2803:Noct. Att.
2790:Saturnalia
2788:Macrobius
2692:XXXVI 204.
2479:Saturnalia
2477:Macrobius
2355:2007-07-28
2207:2007-07-28
2197:"Volcanal"
2179:Rome 1994.
2076:splendor."
2001:References
1975:Apam Napat
1955:KurdalĂŠgon
1931:John Prine
1731:decuriones
1643:haruspices
1562:Capitolium
1516:Mount Etna
1482:blacksmith
1432:Mount Etna
1400:Hephaestus
1369:Volcanalia
1129:primigenia
1123:puer Jovis
1086:triclinium
1007:Volcanalia
927:in 53 BC.
829:Vulcanalia
806:Hephaestus
783:haruspices
760:Capitoline
566:Hephaestus
554:Vulcanalia
327:Pontifices
215:Hephaestus
4471:Fire gods
4390:Mithraism
4375:Mysteries
4224:Palladium
4202:Festivals
3978:Securitas
3928:Concordia
3872:Vertumnus
3690:DÄ«s Pater
3587:mythology
3479:(4): 108.
3388:Cal Times
3327:Strabone
3288:Von Duhn
3222:Publicola
3220:Plutarch
3211:XI 39, 1.
3198:II 50, 2.
3168:Von Duhn
3121:Columella
3117:melilotus
3102:II 54, 2.
3085:Plutarch
3051:7.678â681
2980:238802288
2972:1365-2451
2844:VI 24, 2.
2840:Apuleius
2829:Aulularia
2801:A. Gell.
2792:I 12, 18.
2731:II 50, 3.
2632:Plutarch
2623:VIII 198.
2567:VIII 562.
2546:Plutarch
2466:5.725â726
2402:Campania.
2261:Vitruvius
2024:(1996) .
1892:Star Trek
1826:In 2013,
1814:cast iron
1796:Sheffield
1773:Solfatara
1758:Suetonius
1743:praetores
1655:Concordia
1578:Fidenates
1343:Mount Ida
1302:Velchanos
1262:) and in
1228:Macrobius
1140:' mother
1028:Praeneste
990:Parnassus
971:bull-calf
701:Velchanos
648:Nart saga
636:fantastic
627:Velchanos
595:Etymology
534:volcanoes
528:) is the
285:festivals
132:Genealogy
124:Festivals
4430:Glossary
4401:See also
4297:Stoicism
4272:Cynicism
4234:Pomerium
4193:Concepts
4175:Apuleius
4095:She-wolf
4079:Hersilia
3998:Victoria
3898:Aequitas
3852:Summanus
3842:Silvanus
3827:Quirinus
3757:Libertas
3720:Hercules
3665:Cloacina
3650:Carmenta
3645:Bona Dea
3620:Angerona
3615:Agenoria
3520:Archived
3496:Collider
3143:XVI 236.
3019:"Vulcan"
2827:Plautus
2666:VII 680.
2604:Origines
2580:VIII 10.
2563:Servius
2375:, s.v. "
2332:(1899).
2268:Plutarch
1944:See also
1860:Kerberos
1723:sacerdos
1696:Von Duhn
1678:Volcanal
1665:curulis
1631:Comitium
1616:Comitium
1601:Volcanal
1594:Volcanal
1574:quadriga
1554:Volcanal
1531:Caeculus
1388:iuniores
1373:Quirinus
1361:Volcanal
1350:Caeculus
1338:ÎČΔλÏÎŹÎœÎčα
1315:Caeculus
1256:Apuleius
1238:Maiestas
1152:' wife.
1146:Tanaquil
1066:caduceus
1039:Aventine
1031:Caeculus
1011:devotion
998:Theology
973:and red
963:Domitian
954:of May.
952:Kalendae
940:, named
882:bonfires
854:Bonfires
780:Etruscan
756:Vulcanal
720:Volcanus
705:Velchans
693:Ulccagni
691:(Ogamic
659:wlÌ©kÄnos
574:Sethlans
558:festival
520:Volcanus
516:Vulcanus
352:Epulones
347:Fetiales
342:Flamines
337:Vestales
268:libation
205:Sethlans
163:Hercules
151:Siblings
118:Vulcanal
18:Vulcanus
4413:Decline
4337:Objects
4239:Temples
4219:Charity
3953:Laverna
3943:Fortuna
3933:Feronia
3862:Veritas
3832:Salacia
3817:Priapus
3802:Penates
3782:Neptune
3777:Minerva
3772:Mercury
3735:Jupiter
3675:Dea Dia
3640:Bellona
3595:Deities
3419:Reuters
3398:June 9,
3344:II, 240
3241:and by
3126:VII 9;
3087:Romulus
3055:Servius
2952:Bibcode
2679:VI 627.
2662:Vergil
2634:Romulus
2619:Vergil
2504:15.44.1
2495:Tacitus
2447:III, 5.
2445:Letters
2415:Letters
2298:24.10.9
2091:volcano
1889:in the
1883:Mercury
1828:Reuters
1765:Strabon
1747:aediles
1663:aedilis
1586:Victory
1582:Cameria
1570:Romulus
1538:Pandora
1505:Jupiter
1412:Jupiter
1383:Parilia
1324:Dactyli
1286:Cecrops
1282:Hyginus
1252:Plautus
1245:Gellius
1142:Ocresia
1118:Jupiter
1110:Feronia
1094:Pompeii
1088:in the
1082:Nephele
1062:Mercury
1047:Romulus
917:Parthia
821:Pompeii
762:in the
750:Worship
744:vĂĄrcas-
675:Dumezil
644:Ossetic
538:deserts
469:Decline
367:Deities
332:Augures
280:temples
186:Consort
179:Bacchus
167:Bellona
159:Minerva
141:Jupiter
137:Parents
114:Temples
100:Vulcano
4380:Cybele
4306:Events
4254:Celtic
4122:Aeneid
4116:Virgil
4029:Aeneas
3963:Pietas
3948:Fontus
3923:Caelus
3913:Annona
3908:Africa
3877:Vulcan
3837:Saturn
3812:Pomona
3715:Genius
3705:Faunus
3695:Egeria
3635:Aurora
3630:Apollo
3261:IX 46.
3059:Aeneid
3047:Aeneid
3042:Virgil
2978:
2970:
2887:Kernos
2740:Varro
2664:Aeneis
2636:II 3â6
2621:Aeneis
2530:
2500:Annals
2346:
2235:
2146:
2071:Varro
2057:Varro
2032:
1960:Tlepsh
1887:Vulcan
1862:, and
1848:Charon
1840:Vulcan
1806:statue
1804:Vulcan
1780:Modena
1754:Annaba
1620:rostra
1527:Virgil
1520:Sicily
1498:(1630)
1466:Thetis
1436:Sicily
1428:smithy
1426:. His
1317:, and
1184:Latium
932:flamen
776:Sabine
774:, the
736:*Volca
724:*Volca
697:Minoan
622:Cretan
615:lustre
508:Vulcan
181:, etc.
171:Apollo
106:Symbol
74:exomis
40:Vulcan
4249:Cella
4156:Varro
4136:Fasti
4109:Texts
3993:Terra
3973:Salus
3938:Fides
3867:Vesta
3857:Venus
3807:Pluto
3797:Orcus
3752:Liber
3740:Lares
3725:Janus
3710:Flora
3700:Fauna
3680:Diana
3670:Cupid
3660:Ceres
3257:Livy
3128:Galen
3115:, or
3062:7.678
2976:S2CID
2889:1996
2816:Fasti
2703:Fasti
2701:Ovid
2677:Fasti
2675:Ovid
2576:Livy
2554:I,7,1
2462:Fasti
2383:Varro
2123:1961.
1864:Hydra
1832:Pluto
1763:From
1719:Ostia
1509:Venus
1311:Cacus
1264:Vespa
1207:Varro
1177:Vesta
1169:Cacus
1114:Anxur
1078:blond
1058:Ixion
1035:Cacus
804:-god
802:smith
689:Olcan
687:name
685:Irish
667:Alaeg
601:Latin
581:Varro
542:forge
512:Latin
274:votum
190:Venus
175:Diana
95:Abode
82:pilos
4385:Isis
4130:Ovid
3983:Spes
3968:Roma
3767:Mars
3762:Luna
3730:Juno
3685:Dies
3585:and
3426:2013
3400:2017
3224:, 16
3005:2020
2968:ISSN
2831:359.
2528:ISBN
2457:Ovid
2344:ISBN
2289:Livy
2233:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1970:Atar
1965:Agni
1852:Styx
1801:The
1691:area
1646:the
1606:The
1599:The
1422:and
1420:Maia
1416:Juno
1414:and
1408:iron
1352:and
1276:Sons
1218:Maia
1173:Caca
1171:and
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910:Ludi
906:The
886:fish
869:Date
842:Type
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699:god
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