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Against his initial judgment, Li was persuaded by his secretary Bing
Yuanzhen (邴元真), who could benefit from the transactions, to trade food to Wang for clothes. As a result, the people of Luoyang stopped surrendering to Li, and while Li then stopped the transactions, the damage was done. Meanwhile, Li's army was worn out and heavily damaged by wars with Yuwen Huaji's Xiaoguo Army as well. While he had earlier received the submission of Wang's family members—including Wang's brother Wang Shiwei (王世偉) and sons Wang Xuanying (王玄應), Wang Xuanshu (王玄恕), and Wang Xuanqiong (王玄瓊) -- he did not take particular use of them, but only detained them at the city of Yanshi (偃師, in modern Luoyang) with hopes to use them in the future to get Wang Shichong to surrender.
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Shichong's brother Wang Shiyun (王世惲) the Prince of Qi persuaded Wang
Shichong that in order to avoid a repeat of the plot, he needed to put Yang Tong to death. Wang Shichong agreed, and he sent his nephew Wang Renze (王仁則) the Prince of Tang and his servant Liang Bainian (梁百年) to force Yang Tong to drink poison. Yang Tong made one last plea, pointing out that Wang Shichong had previously promised to keep him alive. Liang considered requesting confirmation from Wang Shichong, but Wang Shiyun refused. Yang Tong set sacrifices for the Buddha and prayed, "May it be that I will no longer again be reborn into an imperial household." He drank poison, but initially did not die. Wang Shiyun ordered that he be strangled.
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By winter 620, Zheng was in a desperate situation, and Wang
Shichong sent messengers to Dou, seeking help from Xia forces. Dou, believing that if Tang destroyed Zheng, his own Xia state would be cornered, agreed, and sought to diplomatically convince Li Shimin to withdraw, but Li Shimin again refused. Meanwhile, in spring 621, Li Shimin put Luoyang under siege. Wang's forces had strong catapults and crossbows, inflicting much casualties on Tang forces, and many Tang generals wished to withdraw. Li Shimin, however, believed that Luoyang would fall soon and therefore refused. Upon hearing that Dou was approaching, he decided to advance east to take up defensive position at the key
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was open to suggestions, but the idea backfired as too many people submitted petitions, making him unable to read them all. It was also said that he was overly talkative at imperial meetings, causing them to drag on overly long. Meanwhile, in light of his taking the throne, a number of commanderies that had submitted to Yang Tong submitted to either Tang or Xia, and Dou Jiande formally broke with Wang and took imperial style, albeit not imperial title. Further, after Wang attacked Liyang (黎陽, in modern
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795:, advanced to Hulao in summer 621. Li Shimin initially refused to engage him, wearing his troops out, and then counterattacked, defeating and capturing him. Li Shimin took the captured Dou and Wang's emissaries Wang Wan (王琬) the Prince of Dai (Wang Shichong's nephew) and Zhangsun Anshi (長孫安世) to Luoyang to display them to Wang Shichong. Wang Shichong, after a conversation with Dou, broke down in tears. He considered fighting his way out of the siege and fleeing to
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646:, and Wang swore before her as well. Nevertheless, from this point, all power was in Wang's hands, and Yang Tong himself was powerless. Guo and Zhao were also seized and executed. However, initially Wang continued to be outwardly respectful to the young emperor, while he flattered Empress Dowager Liu by offering to be her adopted son and honoring her with the title of "Empress Dowager Shenggan" (聖感皇太后).
642:. At Wang's insistence, Yang Tong surrendered Yuan, who remarked to Yang Tong, "If I die in the morning, Your Imperial Majesty will die in the evening." Yang Tong wept, but still sent Yuan to Wang, who executed Yuan. Wang then met Yang Tong and pledged his loyalty, swearing that all he intended was to save himself and save the empire. Yang Tong took Wang inside the palace to meet Yang Tong's mother
799:, defended by his nephew Wang Honglie (王弘烈) the Prince of Wei. His generals pointed out that he was dependent on Xia help, and now that Dou had been captured, there was nothing further to be done. Wang therefore exited the city and surrendered to Li Shimin. Li Shimin executed a number of his high level officials, but spared Wang himself, his family, and the rest of the officials.
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submitted to Yang Tong. Li was subsequently able to repel Yuwen's attacks, and when the news reached
Luoyang, the officials were largely pleased—but Wang was not, stating, "Why are they giving offices and titles to a bandit?" This drew suspicions from Yuan and Lu that Wang was intending to surrender the city to Yuwen. The "seven nobles" thereafter came to suspect each other.
717:—both ultimate steps before taking the throne. He also had his subordinates openly discuss in public how it would be proper for him to take the throne. In summer 619, he had Duan Da and Yun Dingxing (雲定興) enter the palace to persuade Yang Tong to yield the throne to him, and further sent messengers to Yang Tong to say:
516:). Wang led his army against Meng and built five fences to block Meng's path, while feigning weakness. Meng, believing Wang to be an incompetent civilian, spread his forces, not only to attack Wang, but also to pillage the area. Wang, catching Meng by surprise, struck back, defeating Meng and forcing him to flee.
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had predicted a victory) and, finding someone whose appearance was similar to Li, used him to declare that Li had been captured, further raising his army's morale. He then attacked and captured Yanshi, not only taking his family members but also the family members of many of Li's generals. He then
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Wang began to incite his troops by telling them that they would soon fall into Li's trap, and that if Li received the command over them (as Li was nominally bestowed the office of supreme commander of the armed forces), he would surely slaughter them for having resisted him. When Yuan received news
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Meanwhile, Wang and his family members were awaiting exile, and were detained at the barracks of the capital prefecture, Yong
Prefecture (雍州). Dugu Xiude, the son of Dugu Ji, took the opportunity to enter the barracks, claiming that Emperor Gaozu wished to see Wang Shichong. Wang Shichong and his
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the Prince of Qin with an army to attack
Luoyang, and Wang Shichong prepared his own forces to defend and counter. Wang sought to enter into a peace agreement with Li Shimin, but Li Shimin declined, and he captured Zheng cities one by one, either by attacking them or by accepting their surrender.
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and forced to return to Zhuo
Commandery, and died there, leaving the other generals without a central commander. When Wang Shichong, Wang Bian, and Wei arrived at Luoyang, they stalemated with Li across the Luo River, and Emperor Yang put the Sui forces under Wang Shichong's command. For the next
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and Wang
Xuanshu the Prince of Han. He made 19 other relatives his princes, and Yang Tong the former emperor the Duke of Lu. He did not have a fixed office; rather, he worked at several offices in the city, and he was in the habit of receiving personal submissions from the people to show that he
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Upon hearing of Yuan Wendu's and Lu Chu's deaths, Li Mi broke off of peaceful relations with Yang Tong's regime. However, Li had a low opinion of Wang
Shichong, and therefore took few precautions against an attack from Wang. At that time, Li's army lacked clothes, while Wang's army lacked food.
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Meanwhile, during a feast in Yang Tong's palace, Wang suffered from a severe case of food poisoning, and he believed that he was poisoned, and thereafter refused to see Yang Tong again. When Yang Tong, fearing his fate, tried to receive divine blessing by having the palace treasures given to the
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However, it was said that Wang, although he welcomed these suggestions and petitions, actually did not act on them, and that while he used kind words to comfort even the lowest of soldiers, he did little in actions to benefit them. In spring 619, Wang's subordinates Dugu Wudu (獨孤武都), Dugu Wudu's
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the Prince of Yue, who was nominally in command at
Luoyang, Wang launched a major attack on Li, but was defeated by Li, allowing Li to then crush the other Sui forces as well. In light of the victory, a number of Sui generals and rebel generals all submitted to Li, requesting Li to take imperial
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the Duke of Wei, who had captured the large food storages that Emperor Yang had built near Luoyang and begun to starve the Sui defense forces at Luoyang, Emperor Yang, then at Jiangdu, sent Wang Shichong, along with several other generals, Wang Shilong (王士隆), Wei Ji (韋霽), and Wang Bian (王辯), from
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A month later, Pei Renji and his son Pei Xingyan (裴行儼), as well as the officials Yuwen Rutong (宇文儒童), Yuwen Wen (宇文溫, Yuwen Rutong's brother), and Cui Deben (崔德本) plotted to kill Wang and restore Yang Tong. The news leaked, and the conspirators were slaughtered, along with their families. Wang
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Wang Shichong himself was said to be studious in his youth, particularly concentrating on military strategies. He was also well-acquainted with laws. He apparently had contributions as a soldier and was gradually promoted. It was said that he was skillful in his application of laws and use of
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Wang Shichong was a wicked man who happened to encounter an incompetent ruler. He flattered the emperor and did what others could not have done in exchange for wealth and honor. To his subordinates, he used wrongful rhetoric to hide his own faults and suppress dissent. He finally usurped the
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besieged it on September 11. The emperor sent out messages of distress, promising promotion and riches to his saviors. Wang launched his army from Jiangdu toward Yanmen Commandery despite the long distance. During the journey, he often wept and was disheveled, stating his fear for the emperor's
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With Yuwen leading the elite Xiaoguo Army (驍果) back north toward Luoyang, both the Sui officials at Luoyang and Li were apprehensive of Yuwen's plans. In summer, after Yuan and Lu advocated the plan, Yang Tong entered into a peace agreement with Li, where Li accepted Sui titles and nominally
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throne, carried out improper acts, and killed many cruelly. He used false expressions of empathy to control his officials. His subordinates were almost all rebels or desperate men. He finally surrendered to the Prince of Qin and was quite fortunate that he was not publicly beheaded.
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to present them to his father Emperor Gaozu. When Emperor Gaozu met Wang and rebuked him, Wang stated, "I should be beheaded, but the Prince of Qin had agreed to spare me." In fall 621, Emperor Gaozu spared him but demoted him to commoner rank, exiling him and his clan to modern
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instead sent Wang, and Wang defeated Liu, killing him. Wang initially promised not to kill Liu's soldiers, and they surrendered, but he slaughtered them after they surrendered. However, Emperor Yang, believing that Wang was a capable general, bestowed even greater favor on him.
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era of Li Yuan's reign. The dates correspond to 4 and 10 Aug 621 in the Julian calendar. In addition, the same volume also recorded that the decree to demote Wang Shichong to civilian status and to exile him to Sichuan along with his brothers, sons and nephews was issued on the
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and gave no rewards and few promotions to the soldiers who had come to his assistance, causing great resentment among the military. Hearing of Wang's great personal distress, however, the emperor believed in his loyalty and promoted him to acting governor of Jiangdu in 616.
433:. After his grandfather Zhi Tuinou (支頹耨) died early, his grandmother married a man named Wang, who also adopted his father Zhi Shou (支收), who thereafter changed his name to Wang. Wang Shou later served as a secretary to the governor of Bian Province (汴州, roughly modern
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rose as well, with Liu Yuanjin (劉元進) as their leader. Emperor Yang initially sent the generals Tuwan Xu (吐萬緒) and Yu Juluo (魚俱羅) against Liu, but Tuwan and Yu were not able to defeat Liu conclusively. Emperor Yang executed Yu, and Tuwan died in fear.
694:(太尉), and he began to gather officials with good reputations onto his staff. Wang encouraged people to offer suggestions, putting three wooden signs before his headquarters, requesting for three types of people to volunteer or to provide suggestions:
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safety. Because the siege was lifted largely through the treacherous deception of Princess Yicheng, who told her husband that the khaganate had come under attack from the north in his absence, Emperor Yang followed the advice of councilors like
618:) and created the Duke of Zheng. He and six other officials, Duan Da (段達), Yuan Wendu (元文都), Huangfu Wuyi (皇甫無逸), Lu Chu (盧楚), Guo Wenyi (郭文懿), and Zhao Changwen (趙長文), formed a collective leadership and were known as the "seven nobles."
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several months, he battled with Li, and while each had victories, the results were generally indecisive, although Wang's forces took the brunt of the losses. Meanwhile, he had hoped that Li and his key general
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defeated and killed the rebel general Ge Qian (格遷), Wang crushed the remainder of Ge's forces, and also those of Lu Mingyue (盧明月). Emperor Yang was impressed with his success and personally awarded him wine.
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brother Wang Shiyun came out to greet Dugu, and Dugu executed them to avenge his father. Emperor Gaozu only punished Dugu by removing him from his post as the prefect of Ding Prefecture (定州, roughly modern
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cousin Dugu Ji, Yang Gongshen (楊恭慎), Sun Shixiao (孫師孝), Liu Xiaoyuan (劉孝元), Li Jian (李儉), and Cui Xiaoren (崔孝仁) plotted to surrender Luoyang to Tang troops, but were discovered, and they were all executed.
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that Wang was doing this, he planned to ambush Wang. However, Duan revealed the plot to Wang, and Wang started a coup himself first, killing Lu and surrounding the palace. Huangfu fled to
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Meanwhile, Zheng and Tang had continuous battles near Luoyang and also to the west and south, with the sides trading victories. In fall 620, Tang's Emperor Gaozu commissioned his son
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the Prince of Qi, at Luoyang. Wang, seeing Li Shimin's troop movement but unsure what the situation was, did not attack Li Shimin's rear (as some of Li Shimin's generals feared).
614:. When the news reached Luoyang, the Sui officials at Luoyang, including Wang, declared Yang Tong emperor. Wang was made one of the heads of the examination bureau (門下省,
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would eventually have a fallout and that he could use the fallout to his advantage, but in winter 617 Li assassinated Zhai without Wang's being able to take advantage.
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Map of the situation in northern China during the transition from the Sui to the Tang, with the main contenders for the throne and the main military operations
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Now the empire is not peaceful and needs an older emperor to rule over it. When it is pacified, I will return the throne to you, as I had sworn before.
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as one of the few Sui generals having success against rebel generals, and during Yang Tong's brief reign, he was able to defeat the rebel general
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poor, Wang put soldiers around the palace to stop it. In late spring 619, Wang had Yang Tong create him the Prince of Zheng and grant him the
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various locations of the empire, to aid Luoyang. They were under the command of Xue Shixiong (薛世雄), who was ordered to take his forces from
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Of all of the contenders to rule the empire during Sui's disintegration, Wang was one of the most reviled by traditional historians. The
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language, such that even when he made suggestions that did not appear to make sense logically, people were unable to refute him.
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He then had an edict issued in Yang Tong's name, yielding the throne to him, ending Sui and establishing a new state of Zheng.
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spared him, but the Tang official Dugu Xiude (獨孤修德), whose father Dugu Ji (獨孤機) had been executed by Wang, assassinated him.
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and seize Li Mi's territory. After becoming emperor, however, he was unable to withstand military pressure from
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and briefly ruled as the emperor of a succeeding state of Zheng. He first became prominent during the reign of
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Wang took this opportunity to launch a major attack on Li in fall 618. He first defeated Li himself at the
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day of the same month. (丙寅，诏赦世充为庶人，与兄弟子侄徙处蜀...) This corresponds to 3 Aug 621 in the Julian calendar.
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title, but Li declined. Wang retreated to Luoyang, and for a while did not dare to engage Li again.
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in advance of Dou's arrival, leaving a relatively small Tang army, under the command of his brother
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on the northern frontier when it received word from the Chinese princess Yicheng that her husband,
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made another assault on Li—which Li reacted slowly to and could not counter. Bing and
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Li Shimin took Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande back to the Tang capital
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Wang Shichong's ancestors were surnamed Zhi (支), originally from the
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Wang Xuanshu (王玄恕), the Prince of Han (created 619, executed by
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Wang Xuanying (王玄應), the Crown Prince (created 619, executed by
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Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
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recorded that Wang Shichong's death took place between the
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Wang Shou (王收), né Zhi Shou (支收), Sui dynasty official
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Chinese general and self-proclaimed emperor (567–621)
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1182:: State University of New York Press,
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955:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.
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1166:General bibliography
885:Wang Xuanqiong (王玄瓊)
855:Personal information
582:(涿郡, roughly modern
181:August 621 (aged 54)
60:improve this article
644:Empress Dowager Liu
387:Emperor Yang of Sui
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1770:Founding monarchs
1765:Emperors of China
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498:Qi Commandery
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485:Yangtze River
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460:'s palace at
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372:courtesy name
370:August 621),
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358:Wang Shichong
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310:Wáng Shìchōng
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77: –
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
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55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1729:Qianshuiyuan
1648:Wei Wensheng
1568:Cheng Yaojin
1485:Yang Xuangan
1444:
1347:Li Jiancheng
1303:Empress Xiao
1298:Emperor Yang
1217:
1174:
1157:Jiu Tang Shu
1156:
1151:
1140:
1121:
1102:
1096:(in Chinese)
1088:
1087:Sima Guang,
1083:
1077:(in Chinese)
1058:
1047:Xiong (2006)
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735:crown prince
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664:Duke of Zhou
657:
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640:Tang dynasty
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620:
616:Menxia Sheng
615:
605:
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572:
551:
521:Empress Xiao
518:
495:
490:Emperor Yang
477:Yang Xuangan
474:
458:Emperor Yang
451:
447:
426:
420:
417:Early career
403:was defeated
395:Tang dynasty
374:
357:
356:
304:Hanyu Pinyin
122:
116:October 2021
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
28:
21:Chinese name
1688:Yin Kaishan
1678:Pei Xingyan
1668:Wang Bodang
1658:Zhang Xutuo
1638:Gao Shilian
1608:Yuwen Shiji
1598:Liu Wenjing
1548:Yang Yichen
1543:Li Xiaogong
1533:Empress Cao
1526:key figures
1500:Wagang Army
1465:Yuwen Huaji
1450:Xu Yuanlang
1440:Shen Faxing
1425:Lin Shihong
1420:Liang Shidu
1386:Independent
1372:Li Shentong
1367:Li Xiaogong
1212:Sui dynasty
1049:, pp.
793:Empress Cao
612:Yuwen Huaji
554:Yang Yichen
443:Book of Sui
431:Han Chinese
379:Sui dynasty
203:Family name
25:family name
1755:621 deaths
1749:Categories
1698:Luo Shixin
1693:Chen Shuda
1683:Liu Hongji
1613:Chen Shuda
1563:Yuchi Gong
1558:Qin Shubao
1515:Lu Mingyue
1480:Fu Gongshi
1460:Xue Rengao
1435:Liu Wuzhou
1405:Gao Kaidao
1400:Fu Gongshi
1395:Dou Jiande
1388:contenders
1377:Li Daozong
1229:/Northern
1225:/Northern
930:References
835:historian
782:Hulao Pass
761:See also:
685:Dou Jiande
588:Dou Jiande
529:Shibi Khan
454:Zhang Heng
399:Dou Jiande
318:Wade–Giles
252:Occupation
215:Given name
86:newspapers
1703:Yu Shinan
1663:Qutu Tong
1653:Lai Hu'er
1643:Tang Jian
1623:Hou Junji
1618:Feng Deyi
1593:Wei Zheng
1578:Chai Shao
1553:Yuwen Shu
1510:Zhai Rang
1495:Xiao Xian
1430:Liu Heita
1415:Li Zitong
1357:Li Yuanji
1352:Li Xuanba
1342:Li Shimin
1313:Yang Tong
1208:Yang Tong
1093:Vol. 182.
1065:十一年 八月癸酉
935:Citations
868:Children
833:Later Jin
797:Xiangyang
786:Li Yuanji
777:Li Shimin
600:Yang Tong
593:Zhai Rang
407:Li Shimin
383:Yang Tong
247:Zhèng (鄭)
194:Full name
1588:Du Ruhui
1573:Xu Shiji
1475:Du Fuwei
1318:Yang Hao
1308:Yang You
1236:619–621
1159:, vol.54
1145:vol. 183
1129:Archived
1125:vol. 85
1110:Archived
1106:vol. 54
1070:Archived
1037:, vol.85
1001:vol. 189
980:vol. 187
958:Archived
809:Chang'an
748:Xinxiang
673:Xu Shiji
636:Yang You
628:Chang'an
506:Shandong
466:Yangzhou
19:In this
1712:Battles
1628:Xiao Yu
1538:Li Jing
1470:Zhu Can
1330:royalty
1291:royalty
1227:Jiangsu
1210:of the
1035:Sui Shu
1022:bingyin
1009:dingmao
860:Father
822:Baoding
814:Sichuan
681:Zhu Can
608:Jiangdu
584:Beijing
533:Daixian
514:Jiangsu
510:Huai'an
481:Luoyang
470:Jiangsu
462:Jiangdu
441:). The
435:Kaifeng
375:Xingman
366:; 567–
274:Chinese
243:Dynasty
100:scholar
1795:Taiwei
1724:Yanshi
1603:Pei Ji
1490:Luo Yi
1455:Xue Ju
1410:Li Gui
1186:
1180:Albany
1013:guiyou
837:Liu Xu
692:Taiwei
546:Su Wei
539:; the
537:Shanxi
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
23:, the
1734:Hulao
1719:Huoyi
1524:Other
1505:Li Mi
1231:Anhui
1223:Henan
826:Hebei
803:Death
752:Henan
744:Henan
729:Reign
575:Li Mi
541:Turks
502:Jinan
439:Henan
391:Li Mi
184:China
169:China
155:Reign
107:JSTOR
93:books
1328:Tang
1184:ISBN
1051:63–4
1017:Wude
1011:and
910:and
882:621)
875:621)
740:Hebi
427:Xiyu
208:Wáng
175:Died
163:Born
79:news
30:Wang
1289:Sui
535:in
363:王世充
332:IPA
280:王世充
210:(王)
166:567
62:by
27:is
1751::
1233:)
1178:,
1091:,
1063:大業
999:,
987:^
978:,
968:^
942:^
824:,
750:,
742:,
512:,
504:,
468:,
437:,
368:c.
217::
205::
179:c.
1273:e
1266:t
1259:v
1221:(
1193:.
1135:.
1116:.
1053:.
982:.
425:(
360:(
129:)
123:(
118:)
114:(
104:·
97:·
90:·
83:·
56:.
33:.
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