931:
1114:
may succeed in chasing off his rival, making clicking noises during the pursuit. However, if the conflict is not resolved at the early stage, the bucks will fight. Each would try to wound the other on the head, shoulders, or back, by stabbing or tearing with his upper canines. The fight is ended by the loser, who either lays his head and neck flat on the ground or turns tail and is chased out of the territory. Numerous long scars and torn ears seen on males indicate that fighting is frequent. The fights are seldom fatal but may leave the loser considerably debilitated. Tufts of hair are most commonly found on the ground in
November and December, showing that encounters are heavily concentrated around the rut.
453:
812:
1014:
83:
31:
1134:. The bark is used as an alarm, and water deer will bark repeatedly at people and each other for reasons unknown. If challenged during the rut, a buck will emit a clicking sound. It is uncertain how this unique sound is generated, although it is possibly by using its molar teeth. During the rut, a buck following a doe will make a weak whistle or squeak. The does emit a soft pheep to call to their fawns, whilst an injured deer will emit a screaming wail.
58:
228:
1187:, where they will remain most of the time for up to a month. During these first few weeks, fawns come out to play. Once driven from the natal territory in late summer, young deer sometimes continue to associate with each other, later separating to begin their solitary existence. Young water deer are also known to grow faster and be more precocious in comparison to other similar species.
1001:
gradually replaced by a thicker, coarse-haired winter coat that varies from light brown to grayish brown. Neither the head nor the tail poles are well differentiated as in gregarious deer; consequently, this deer's coat is little differentiated. Young are born dark brown with white stripes and spots along their upper
1121:
outside the breeding season and can be seen in small groups, although individual deer do not appear to be associated; they will disperse separately at any sign of danger. Females show aggression towards each other immediately before and after the birth of their young and will chase other females from
1113:
Water deer use their tusks for territorial fights and are not related to carnivores. Confrontations between males begin with the animals walking slowly and stiffly towards each other, before turning to walk in parallel 10–20 m (32–64 ft) apart, to assess one another. At this point, one male
853:
The majority of the current population of
Chinese water deer in Britain derives from escapees, with the remainder being descended from many deliberate releases. Most of these animals still reside close to Woburn Abbey. It appears that the deer's strong preference for a particular habitat – tall reed
618:
to wild creatures that can cause harm to humans or their property. Currently, certain local governments offer bounties from 30,000 won ($ 30) to 50,000 won ($ 50) during the farming season. However, the hunting of water deer is not restricted to the warm season, as 18 hunting grounds were currently
1052:
These canines are held loosely in their sockets, with their movements controlled by facial muscles. The buck can draw them backwards out of the way when eating. In aggressive encounters, he thrusts his canines out and draws in his lower lip to pull his teeth closer together. He then presents an
1044:
of the deer's first year at approximately 6–7 months of age. By early spring, the recently erupted tusks reach approximately 50% of their final length. As the tusks develop, the root remains open until the deer is about eighteen months to two years old. When fully grown, only about 60% of the
1000:
The coat is an overall golden brown color and may be interspersed with black hairs, while the undersides are white. The strongly tapered face is reddish-brown or gray, and the chin and upper throat are cream-colored. The hair is longest on the flanks and rump. In the fall, the summer coat is
1178:
by lowering his neck and rotating his head with ears flapping. Scent plays an important part in courtship, with both animals sniffing each other. Mating among water deer is polygynous, with most females being mated inside the buck's territory. After repeated mountings, copulation is brief.
987:
The water deer has narrow pectoral and pelvic girdles, long legs, and a long neck. The powerful hind legs are longer than the front legs so that the haunches are carried higher than the shoulders. They run with rabbit-like jumps. In the groin of each leg is an
571:. They are now extinct in southern and western China. Since 2006, water deer has been reintroduced in Shanghai, with population increased from 21 individuals in 2007 to 227–299 individuals in 2013. In Korea, water deer are found nationwide and are known as
1105:
with urine and feces. Sometimes a small pit is dug and it is possible that in digging, the male releases scent from the interdigital glands on its feet. The male also scent-marks by holding a thin tree in his mouth behind the upper canines and rubbing his
889:). The population was reinforced in 1965 and 1970 and the species has been protected since 1973. Despite efforts to locate the animals with the help of local hunters, there have been no sightings since 2000, and the population is assumed to be extinct.
1069:. It was found that the UK population displays lower levels of genetic diversity, and that there is genetic differentiation between the native and introduced population. It was also found that the source population of the British deer is likely to be
1037:. The canines are fairly large in the bucks, ranging in length from 5.5 cm (2.2 in) on average to as long as 8 cm (3.1 in). Does, in comparison, have tiny canines that are an average of 0.5 cm (0.2 in) in length.
996:
to possess such glands. The short tail is no more than 5–10 cm / 1.9–3.8 in. in length and is almost invisible, except when it is held raised by the male during the rut. The ears are short and very rounded, and both sexes lack antlers.
1182:
Water deer have been known to produce up to seven young, but two to three is normal for this species, the most prolific of all deer. The doe often gives birth to her spotted young in the open, but they are quickly taken to concealing
523:) is one of the two subspecies of water deer. While the population of Chinese subspecies is critically endangered in China, the Korean subspecies are known to inhabit 700,000 throughout South Korea. In China, water deer are found in
913:, Russia, 4.5 km from the border with China. In 2022, the population of water deer in Primorsky Krai was about 170 individuals. Thus, the water deer became the newest, and 327th, mammal species to be listed among the
850:, also in Bedfordshire, and released into the park. The current population of Chinese water deer at Whipsnade is currently estimated to be more than 600, while the population at Woburn is probably more than 250.
873:
The
British Deer Society coordinated a survey of wild deer in the United Kingdom between 2005 and 2007 and noted the Chinese water deer as "notably increasing its range" since the last census in 2000.
2244:
586:, and even open cultivated fields. Water deer are proficient swimmers, and can swim several miles to reach remote river islands. An introduced population of Chinese water deer exists in the
2065:
602:
Despite a listing of 'vulnerable' by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), in South Korea, the animal is thriving due to the extinction of natural predators such as
1510:
Hassanin, A., Delsuc, F., Ropiquet, A., Hammer, C., van Vuuren, B. J., Matthee, C., Ruiz-Garcia, M., Catzeflis, F., Areskoug, V., Nguyen, T. T., & Couloux, A. (2012).
854:
and grass areas in rich alluvial deltas - has restricted its potential to colonize further afield. The main area of distribution is from Woburn east into
1174:
During the annual rut in
November and December, the male will seek out and follow females, giving soft squeaking contact calls and checking for signs of
1130:
Water deer are capable of emitting several sounds. The main call is a bark, and this has more of a growling tone when compared with the sharper yap of a
1512:
Pattern and timing of diversification of
Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes.
989:
930:
6897:
846:. More of the animals were imported and added to the herd over the next three decades. In 1929 and 1930, 32 deer were transferred from Woburn to
578:
Water deer inhabit the land alongside rivers, where they are protected from sight by the tall reeds and rushes. They are also seen on mountains,
2069:
2206:
6975:
6936:
1065:
of samples from the native
Chinese population and the introduced UK population was analysed to infer each population's genetic structure and
2006:
7068:
6871:
1053:
impressive two-pronged weapon to rival males. It is due to these teeth that this animal is often referred to as a "vampire deer".
6910:
2280:
1730:
835:
7103:
6954:
2182:
1929:
1311:
1022:
615:
6915:
1651:
1265:
7098:
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881:
A small population existed in France originating from animals that had escaped an enclosure in 1960 in western France (
1851:
323:, it is classified as a cervid. Yet, its unique anatomical characteristics have caused it to be classified in its own
7093:
7045:
2147:
1474:"Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography"
902:
6850:
1293:
2028:
1386:"New phylogenetic perspectives on the Cervidae (Artiodactyla) are provided by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene"
460:
Archeological studies indicate water deer was once distributed among much broader range than currently during the
6980:
6863:
1920:
Apollonio, Marco; Andersen, Reidar; Putman, Rory, eds. (2010). "20 - Ungulates and their management in France".
1559:
6962:
6772:
2632:
1667:
Park, H., Woo, D., Choi, T. and Hong, S., 2021. Assessment of the
Behavioural Response of Korean Water Deer (
1635:
Confirmed archaeological evidence of water deer in
Vietnam: relics of the Pleistocene or a shifting baseline?
397:
6745:
3421:
1094:
6949:
6785:
6780:
385:
1706:
2701:
2273:
1638:
82:
2239:
2042:
1511:
1434:
1033:
The water deer have developed long canine teeth which protrude from the upper jaw like the canines of
7088:
7083:
5678:
2623:
2614:
516:
508:
1633:
C. M. Stimpson, S. O'Donnell, N. T. M. Huong, R. Holmes, B. Utting, T. Kahlert, R. J. Rabett, 2021,
7078:
5465:
1243:
935:
496:
historically, however this population presumably became extinct as late as the early 19th century.
811:
452:
6114:
5507:
3403:
2544:
1289:
7019:
5627:
3063:
7032:
6902:
6707:
3165:
2871:
2790:
1895:
1337:"The mitochondrial control region of Cervidae: evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic content"
7027:
7014:
6315:
5345:
3570:
2799:
2683:
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1634:
1196:
204:
7006:
7040:
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6806:
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5949:
5913:
5886:
5294:
5285:
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2835:
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1980:
1301:
485:
338:
1353:
1336:
8:
7073:
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6270:
6261:
6009:
5877:
5850:
5786:
5447:
5327:
5276:
2955:
2862:
2453:
1073:. This has implications for the conservation of the different populations, especially as
407:), meaning "drinker", and refers to the preference of this cervid for rivers and swamps.
272:
47:
2219:
Dubost, G., Charron, F., Courcoul, A., & Rodier, A. (2011). The
Chinese water deer,
1013:
6655:
6646:
6018:
5958:
5940:
5922:
5868:
5841:
5832:
5456:
5438:
5372:
5065:
4791:
4268:
4259:
3978:
3412:
2880:
2692:
2674:
2553:
2200:
2095:
1826:
1610:
1410:
1385:
1118:
1098:
1078:
906:
870:, and south towards Whipsnade. There have been small colonies reported in other areas.
77:
62:
1760:
1432:
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6793:
6759:
6288:
6279:
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1925:
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1454:
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1307:
1220:
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against it. Males may also bite off vegetation to delineate territorial boundaries.
6798:
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6436:
6427:
6306:
6147:
6138:
5931:
5603:
5594:
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2115:
1485:
1473:
1446:
1405:
1397:
1348:
1238:
1107:
524:
481:
2174:
Muntjac and water deer : natural history, environmental impact and management
1686:"The efforts to re-establish the Chinese water deer population in Shanghai, China"
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6351:
6342:
6123:
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4044:
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3537:
3503:
3493:
3394:
3376:
3039:
2988:
2898:
2462:
2223:— a fast-growing and productive ruminant. Mammalian Biology, 76(2), 190–195.
2100:"Conservation genetics of native and European-introduced Chinese water deer (
2099:
1569:
1362:
1297:
1229:
1082:
827:
820:
500:
380:
67:
39:
6837:
2157:
1523:
Heckeberg, N. S., Erpenbeck, D., Wörheide, G., & Rössner, G. E. (2016).
1321:
519:
has provided a protected habitat for a large number. The Korean water deer (
6631:
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6490:
6162:
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5904:
5777:
5720:
5711:
5429:
5363:
5125:
5083:
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30:
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3908:
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3635:
3445:
3436:
3349:
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3114:
2997:
2922:
2913:
2290:
2137:
1804:
1782:
898:
556:
461:
356:
154:
134:
1947:"Ученые впервые подсчитали численность нового для России водяного оленя"
6876:
5859:
5759:
5584:
5176:
4598:
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4026:
4011:
4002:
3969:
3746:
3552:
3469:
3460:
3105:
3030:
2571:
2392:
2142:. Lynne Farrell, Mammal Society, British Deer Society. Mammal Society.
1184:
1102:
831:
308:
288:
164:
227:
6889:
6819:
6559:
6480:
6333:
6204:
6195:
5669:
5243:
5234:
5219:
5210:
5074:
4646:
4430:
4364:
4250:
3765:
3561:
3250:
3174:
3054:
2605:
2490:
2480:
2374:
2365:
1433:
Christian Pitra; Joerns Fickel; Eric Meijaard; Colin grooves (2004).
1034:
847:
583:
548:
402:
390:
352:
347:
300:
264:
94:
6701:
6526:
2094:
Rory Putman; Nicholas Dunn; Endi Zhang; Min Chen; Christian Miquel;
1873:
6824:
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5768:
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5318:
5258:
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4622:
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4099:
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3283:
3259:
3147:
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2321:
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1584:
1537:
1524:
1471:
886:
564:
528:
512:
465:
271:
in English-speaking areas to which they have been imported. It was
114:
6673:
6508:
6369:
6228:
5618:
5405:
5396:
5309:
5195:
5186:
5158:
4914:
4818:
4782:
4697:
4693:
4664:
4589:
4277:
4150:
4111:
3695:
3612:
3518:
2781:
2731:
2426:
1303:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1131:
1070:
863:
859:
568:
560:
532:
504:
489:
1525:
Systematic relationships of five newly sequenced cervid species.
1266:"Water Deer Taxonomy - Discovery & Naming | Wildlife Online"
6811:
6767:
6517:
6086:
5991:
5814:
5804:
5420:
4932:
4772:
4754:
4745:
4631:
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3954:
3945:
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3129:
2979:
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1175:
1041:
591:
552:
493:
320:
124:
104:
1214:
1212:
6541:
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6074:
5744:
5735:
5029:
4956:
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4562:
4421:
4346:
4226:
4217:
3728:
3719:
3211:
3202:
2411:
2402:
1306:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 671.
1026:
1002:
867:
579:
544:
540:
536:
477:
469:
411:
324:
260:
256:
252:
992:
used for scent marking; this deer is the only member of the
16:
Species of mammals belonging to the deer family of ruminants
5687:
5017:
4905:
4887:
4544:
4397:
3801:
3668:
3484:
2758:
2719:
1922:
European ungulates and their management in the 21st century
1538:
The systematics of the Cervidae: A total evidence approach.
1218:
1209:
1046:
993:
312:
304:
144:
5155:
1383:
6297:
4896:
4842:
3774:
3156:
1384:
Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; Pierpaoli, M.; Douzery, E. (1998).
1097:, water deer are solitary animals, and males are highly
610:. Since 1994, Korean water deer have been designated as
4147:
1919:
1390:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
267:, have led to both subspecies being colloquially named
4690:
2029:
Scent marking behaviour in the male Chinese water deer
1924:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 448.
1761:"European Mammals - Non native and Introduced Species"
499:
Water deer are indigenous to the lower reaches of the
2066:"Krampus's Sidekick? Fanged "Vampire Deer" Explained"
1656:) from Iron Age Archeological Sites in Central Taiwan
410:
The etymology of the species name corresponds to the
299:). The water deer is superficially more similar to a
1615:(in French). Paris: Librairie Hachette. p. 810
897:On April 1, 2019, a water deer was spotted using a
488:(Pleistocene) in east, southern China and northern
444:—, and refers to the water deer's lack of antlers.
1658:(pdf), Collection and Research (2017) 30, pp.23-31
1671:) to Different Fence Heights. Available at: <
468:periods; records have been obtained from eastern
7060:
1896:"Deer distribution Chinese water deer 2000—2007"
1650:Yen-Jean Chen, Ke-Hung Liu, Whei-Lee Chu, 2017,
1472:Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006).
2288:
515:of east-central China, and in Korea, where the
1244:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10329A22163569.en
826:Chinese water deer were first introduced into
665:Density per 100 ha (1 km) of individuals
2274:
1999:
359:, and all later molecular analysis show that
333:) as well as historically its own subfamily (
311:peculiarities, including a pair of prominent
2225:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.04.001
1334:
2063:
2057:
1673:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/938/htm
1435:"Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer"
447:
2363:
2281:
2267:
2205:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2031:." Acta theriologica 39.2 (1994): 177-184.
2027:Sun, Lixing, Bing Xiao, and Nianhua Dai. "
1707:"Water Deer - Etymology | Wildlife Online"
1328:
226:
56:
29:
6598:
4070:
2108:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2089:
2087:
1409:
1352:
1242:
6479:
3869:
1514:Comptes Rendus Biologies, 335(1), 32–50.
1377:
1335:Douzery, E.; Randi, E. (November 1997).
1012:
929:
810:
451:
2770:
2341:
1944:
1608:
830:in the 1870s. The animals were kept in
7061:
2488:
2084:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1549:
1465:
1219:Harris, R.B.; Duckworth, J.W. (2015).
1165:7–8 months (does); 5–6 months (bucks)
925:
6706:
6705:
6597:
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6465:
6071:
5154:
4689:
4146:
3608:
2754:
2340:
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2170:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2068:. National Geographic. Archived from
2040:
1478:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1439:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1354:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025725
1288:
1081:in its native range according to the
1023:National Museum of Nature and Science
337:). However, studies of mitochondrial
6864:9de228d3-a1a1-4ec1-a678-584c95fd3e24
3906:
2240:Wildlife Online - Chinese Water Deer
1612:Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français
1552:Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français
1426:
1056:
934:The skeleton of a water deer at the
619:in operation in the winter of 2018.
492:in south. Water deer also inhabited
424:—itself constructed from the prefix
251:) is a small deer species native to
2755:
1964:
1282:
1230:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
903:"Land of the Leopard" national park
13:
6072:
3609:
2126:
2043:"Chinese water deer | mammal"
1854:. yonhapnews.co.kr. 9 October 2017
1582:
1550:Bailly, Anatole (1 January 1981).
14:
7115:
2233:
1876:. ecotopia.hani.co.kr. 6 May 2016
1807:. news.joins.com. 21 January 2018
1785:. news.joins.com. 22 January 2018
1530:
7069:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2253:Internet Archive Wayback Machine
2064:Liz Langley (25 December 2014).
2041:Geist, Valerius (30 June 2013).
1945:Новости, Р. И. А. (2020-04-06).
1852:"'농가피해' 야생동물 포획 급증…"사체 처리는 제각각""
1805:"17만 마리씩 죽는 고라니…어쩌다 '민폐 동물'이 됐나"
1585:"Greek-french dictionary online"
1517:
1504:
1125:
590:and another was extirpated from
81:
2633:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
2213:
2164:
2034:
2021:
1938:
1913:
1888:
1866:
1844:
1819:
1797:
1775:
1753:
1723:
1699:
1678:
1661:
1644:
1627:
1602:
1576:
1543:
1341:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1137:
1040:The teeth usually erupt in the
3422:Central American red brocket (
2007:"Species – Chinese Water Deer"
1783:"국제 멸종위기종 고라니, 국내선 왜 민폐동물 됐을까"
1258:
597:
1:
1202:
1093:Apart from mating during the
920:
345:DNA sequences placed it near
295:) and the Korean water deer (
7104:Taxa named by Robert Swinhoe
4129:Large subfamily listed below
4117:Large subfamily listed below
4105:Large subfamily listed below
1669:Hydropotes inermis argyropus
1088:
521:Hydropotes inermis argyropus
370:
7:
2624:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2615:Indian spotted chevrotain (
1490:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017
1451:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013
1190:
706:Deer kill (bounty hunting)
282:
10:
7120:
2120:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa076
1874:"차로 치고 새끼 유괴하고…고라니의 잔인한 봄"
1832:. me.go.kr. 9 October 2017
1652:New Record of Water Deer (
1639:Royal Society Open Science
1117:Females do not seem to be
1049:is visible below the gum.
838:oversaw their transfer to
817:Hydropotes inermis inermis
806:
775:Deer kill (car accidents)
396:
384:
291:: the Chinese water deer (
7099:Mammals described in 1870
6714:
6672:
6644:
6620:
6611:
6607:
6593:
6560:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
6551:Domestic Bactrian camel (
6539:
6488:
6475:
6461:
6425:
6401:
6377:
6368:
6250:
6217:
6193:
6160:
6136:
6115:North Sulawesi babirusa (
6094:
6085:
6081:
6067:
6031:
5989:
5812:
5803:
5757:
5733:
5709:
5667:
5616:
5592:
5583:
5555:
5531:
5524:
5478:
5418:
5394:
5307:
5256:
5232:
5208:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5150:
5105:
5006:
4997:
4969:
4945:
4840:
4780:
4771:
4743:
4719:
4710:
4706:
4685:
4644:
4620:
4542:
4518:
4494:
4470:
4419:
4395:
4344:
4239:
4215:
4191:
4167:
4163:
4142:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4061:
4024:
4000:
3967:
3943:
3934:
3897:
3860:
3814:
3754:
3745:
3717:
3666:
3633:
3624:
3620:
3604:
3550:
3516:
3482:
3458:
3434:
3404:Amazonian brown brocket (
3338:
3305:
3281:
3248:
3224:
3200:
3191:
3127:
3076:
3052:
3019:
2968:
2935:
2911:
2779:
2766:
2750:
2737:Large family listed below
2730:
2725:Large family listed below
2718:
2702:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2645:
2603:
2579:
2570:
2479:
2424:
2400:
2391:
2354:
2350:
2336:
2298:
2171:Cooke, Arnold S. (2019).
1735:by Trevon Jones on Prezi"
1536:Heckeberg, N. S. (2020).
1122:their birth territories.
892:
876:
509:Yancheng Coastal Wetlands
355:section of the subfamily
234:
225:
210:
203:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
7094:Vulnerable fauna of Asia
4801:Domestic water buffalo (
3166:Central Asian red deer (
2791:Bornean yellow muntjac (
1711:www.wildlifeonline.me.uk
1270:www.wildlifeonline.me.uk
1008:
936:Royal Veterinary College
448:Habitat and distribution
395:), meaning "water", and
275:to the Western world by
5679:Bates' pygmy antelope (
5466:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3571:Yucatan brown brocket (
2800:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2684:Philippine mouse-deer (
1609:Gaffiot, Félix (1934).
1103:marks out his territory
616:Ministry of Environment
480:in north, southeastern
38:Male water deer at the
6389:White-lipped peccary (
6325:Philippine warty pig (
5950:Yellow-backed duiker (
5914:Black-fronted duiker (
5887:White-bellied duiker (
5508:Przewalski's gazelle (
4731:Four-horned antelope (
3529:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
3088:Visayan spotted deer (
2947:European fallow deer (
2890:Northern red muntjac (
2836:Southern red muntjac (
2136:Cooke, Arnold (1998).
1987:. Animal Diversity Web
1827:"2017 Wildlife Survey"
1402:10.1098/rspb.1998.0362
1300:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1030:
1017:A stuffed specimen of
938:
823:
614:, a term given by the
457:
263:, similar to those of
7028:Paleobiology Database
7015:Paleobiology Database
6569:Wild Bactrian camel (
6271:Bornean bearded pig (
6262:Palawan bearded pig (
5851:White-legged duiker (
5277:Red-fronted gazelle (
2956:Persian fallow deer (
2872:Roosevelt's muntjac (
2545:Himalayan musk deer (
2454:Reticulated giraffe (
1985:(Chinese water deer)"
1237:: e.T10329A22163569.
1197:Deer of Great Britain
1016:
933:
814:
455:
442:defensive arms, armor
379:derives from the two
363:is a sister taxon of
6859:Fauna Europaea (new)
6656:Pygmy hippopotamus (
6316:Oliver's warty pig (
5941:Red-flanked duiker (
5346:Erlanger's gazelle (
5066:Harnessed bushbuck (
4792:Wild water buffalo (
4269:East Caucasian tur (
4260:West Caucasian tur (
3413:Little red brocket (
2881:Truong Son muntjac (
2693:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2675:Greater mouse-deer (
2554:Siberian musk deer (
2248:- Chinese water deer
2072:on December 26, 2014
2009:. The Mammal Society
1294:"Order Artiodactyla"
815:Chinese water deer (
741:Deer kill (hunting)
486:Japanese archipelago
422:unarmed, defenceless
235:Range of water deer
6289:Celebes warty pig (
6280:Visayan warty pig (
5896:Red forest duiker (
5628:Günther's dik-dik (
5490:Mongolian gazelle (
5295:Heuglin's gazelle (
5286:Thomson's gazelle (
4440:Long-tailed goral (
3835:Mountain reedbuck (
3826:Southern reedbuck (
3678:East African oryx (
3580:White-tailed deer (
3359:Small red brocket (
3326:South Andean deer (
3269:Siberian roe deer (
3260:European roe deer (
3097:Philippine sambar (
3064:Père David's deer (
2666:Lesser mouse-deer (
2527:Kashmir musk deer (
1554:. Paris: Hachette.
1162:1–7 (commonly 2–5)
926:Physical attributes
836:the Duke of Bedford
319:), and its lack of
315:(downward-pointing
48:Conservation status
6773:hydropotes-inermis
6746:Hydropotes inermis
6716:Hydropotes inermis
6437:Collared peccary (
6307:Flores warty pig (
6148:Giant forest hog (
6010:Maxwell's duiker (
5932:Ruwenzori duiker (
5878:Jentink's duiker (
5787:Sharpe's grysbok (
5543:Tibetan antelope (
5448:Bright's gazelle (
5382:Goitered gazelle (
5355:Mountain gazelle (
5328:Cuvier's gazelle (
5268:Mongalla gazelle (
4656:Pyrenean chamois (
4082:Tibetan antelope (
4036:Black wildebeest (
2863:Reeves's muntjac (
2827:Sumatran muntjac (
2818:Gongshan muntjac (
2591:Water chevrotain (
2518:Alpine musk deer (
2445:Southern giraffe (
2436:Northern giraffe (
2246:Hydropotes inermis
2221:Hydropotes inermis
2139:Chinese water deer
2102:Hydropotes inermis
2096:Vincent Savolainen
1983:Hydropotes inermis
1741:on 5 November 2014
1733:Hydropotes inermis
1654:Hydropotes inermis
1223:Hydropotes inermis
1075:Hydropotes inermis
1031:
939:
824:
612:"harmful wildlife"
517:demilitarized zone
511:), and islands of
458:
248:Hydropotes inermis
220:(R. Swinhoe, 1870)
214:Hydropotes inermis
7056:
7055:
7002:Open Tree of Life
6708:Taxon identifiers
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6668:
6667:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6413:Chacoan peccary (
6364:
6363:
6352:Javan warty pig (
6343:Timor warty pig (
6150:H. meinertzhageni
6124:Togian babirusa (
6063:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6019:Walter's duiker (
5959:Abbott's duiker (
5923:Ogilby's duiker (
5869:Harvey's duiker (
5833:Brooke's duiker (
5799:
5798:
5579:
5578:
5520:
5519:
5457:Peter's gazelle (
5439:Grant's gazelle (
5373:Speke's gazelle (
5146:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5023:
4993:
4992:
4981:African buffalo (
4812:B. depressicornis
4767:
4766:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4449:Himalayan goral (
4271:C. cylindricornis
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4094:
4093:
4057:
4056:
4045:Blue wildebeest (
3979:Common tsessebe (
3930:
3929:
3893:
3892:
3856:
3855:
3768:K. ellipsiprymnus
3741:
3740:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3540:P. mephistophiles
3496:P. mephistophiles
3187:
3186:
2883:M. truongsonensis
2845:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2714:
2713:
2657:Java mouse-deer (
2566:
2565:
2536:Black musk deer (
2509:Dwarf musk deer (
2500:Anhui musk deer (
2475:
2474:
2438:G. camelopardalis
2387:
2386:
2250:– archive at the
2184:978-1-78427-192-3
1931:978-0-521-76061-4
1641:, Vol. 8, Issue 6
1589:www.tabularium.be
1583:Bailly, Anatole.
1396:(1398): 793–801.
1347:(11): 1154–1166.
1313:978-0-8018-8221-0
1172:
1171:
1145:Gestation period
1108:preorbital glands
1077:is classified as
1067:genetic diversity
1063:mitochondrial DNA
1057:Genetic diversity
985:
984:
958:77.5–100 cm
834:until 1896, when
804:
803:
476:and northeastern
456:Korean water deer
239:
238:
185:
71:
7111:
7089:Mammals of Korea
7084:Mammals of China
7049:
7048:
7036:
7035:
7023:
7022:
7010:
7009:
6997:
6996:
6984:
6983:
6971:
6970:
6968:NBNSYS0000005148
6958:
6957:
6945:
6944:
6932:
6931:
6919:
6918:
6906:
6905:
6893:
6892:
6880:
6879:
6867:
6866:
6854:
6853:
6841:
6840:
6828:
6827:
6815:
6814:
6802:
6801:
6789:
6788:
6776:
6775:
6763:
6762:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6703:
6702:
6618:
6617:
6609:
6608:
6595:
6594:
6486:
6485:
6477:
6476:
6463:
6462:
6375:
6374:
6181:Common warthog (
6172:Desert warthog (
6092:
6091:
6083:
6082:
6069:
6068:
5968:Weyns's duiker (
5842:Peters' duiker (
5824:Aders's duiker (
5810:
5809:
5697:Royal antelope (
5655:Salt's dik-dik (
5646:Silver dik-dik (
5637:Kirk's dik-dik (
5590:
5589:
5567:Saiga antelope (
5529:
5528:
5468:N. soemmerringii
5337:Dorcas gazelle (
5182:
5181:
5173:
5172:
5166:
5152:
5151:
5039:Mountain nyala (
5022:
5021:
5013:
5004:
5003:
4959:P. nghetinhensis
4861:European bison (
4852:American bison (
4778:
4777:
4717:
4716:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4687:
4686:
4563:Domestic sheep (
4407:Himalayan tahr (
4374:Mainland serow (
4356:Japanese serow (
4165:
4164:
4158:
4144:
4143:
4068:
4067:
3941:
3940:
3904:
3903:
3867:
3866:
3844:Bohor reedbuck (
3752:
3751:
3731:A. nasomaculatus
3654:Sable antelope (
3631:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3368:Merida brocket (
3198:
3197:
3139:Thorold's deer (
2991:A. calamianensis
2874:M. rooseveltorum
2820:M. gongshanensis
2777:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2577:
2576:
2486:
2485:
2465:G. tippelskirchi
2398:
2397:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2227:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2114:(4): 1181–1191.
2091:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2045:. Britannica.com
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1737:. Archived from
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1547:
1541:
1540:PeerJ, 8, e8114.
1534:
1528:
1527:PeerJ, 4, e2307.
1521:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1216:
1151:Sexual maturity
1148:Young per birth
1142:
1141:
972:2.5–3.3 ft
947:Shoulder height
941:
940:
622:
621:
525:Zhoushan Islands
482:Korean Peninsula
406:
400:
394:
388:
259:. Its prominent
230:
216:
180:
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7079:Mammals of Asia
7059:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7044:
7039:
7031:
7026:
7018:
7013:
7005:
7000:
6992:
6989:Observation.org
6987:
6979:
6974:
6966:
6961:
6953:
6948:
6940:
6935:
6927:
6922:
6914:
6909:
6901:
6896:
6888:
6883:
6875:
6870:
6862:
6857:
6849:
6844:
6836:
6831:
6823:
6818:
6810:
6805:
6797:
6792:
6784:
6779:
6771:
6766:
6758:
6753:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6710:
6700:
6687:
6664:
6640:
6603:
6577:
6535:
6471:
6445:
6421:
6397:
6360:
6327:S. philippensis
6264:S. ahoenobarbus
6246:
6238:Red river hog (
6213:
6189:
6156:
6132:
6106:Buru babirusa (
6077:
6051:
6043:Common duiker (
6027:
5985:
5795:
5753:
5729:
5705:
5663:
5612:
5575:
5551:
5516:
5501:P. picticaudata
5474:
5414:
5390:
5384:G. subgutturosa
5303:
5252:
5228:
5204:
5167:
5156:
5134:
5101:
5093:Cape bushbuck (
5086:T. strepsiceros
5015:
5014:
5012:
4989:
4965:
4941:
4836:
4828:Mountain anoa (
4763:
4757:B. tragocamelus
4739:
4733:T. quadricornis
4702:
4691:
4673:
4640:
4616:
4572:Bighorn sheep (
4538:
4514:
4490:
4482:Mountain goat (
4466:
4458:Chinese goral (
4415:
4391:
4376:C. sumatraensis
4340:
4323:Siberian ibex (
4287:Domestic goat (
4235:
4211:
4187:
4179:Barbary sheep (
4159:
4148:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4090:
4053:
4020:
3996:
3963:
3926:
3889:
3852:
3810:
3737:
3713:
3687:Scimitar oryx (
3662:
3645:Roan antelope (
3616:
3610:
3588:
3546:
3538:Northern pudu (
3512:
3504:Southern pudu (
3494:Northern pudu (
3478:
3454:
3430:
3395:Pygmy brocket (
3377:Dwarf brocket (
3334:
3301:
3277:
3244:
3220:
3183:
3123:
3072:
3048:
3015:
2989:Calamian deer (
2964:
2958:D. mesopotamica
2931:
2907:
2901:M. vuquangensis
2899:Giant muntjac (
2809:Fea's muntjac (
2762:
2756:
2738:
2726:
2710:
2641:
2599:
2562:
2520:M. chrysogaster
2471:
2463:Masai giraffe (
2420:
2383:
2346:
2332:
2294:
2287:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2214:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2150:
2134:
2127:
2092:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1662:
1649:
1645:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1562:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1470:
1466:
1431:
1427:
1382:
1378:
1333:
1329:
1314:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1193:
1140:
1128:
1091:
1059:
1011:
981:20–31 lbs
928:
923:
915:fauna of Russia
907:Khasan district
895:
879:
809:
600:
484:(Holocene) and
450:
375:The genus name
373:
297:H. i. argyropus
285:
273:first described
221:
218:
212:
199:
196:H. inermis
179:
80:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7117:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7037:
7024:
7011:
6998:
6985:
6972:
6959:
6946:
6933:
6920:
6907:
6894:
6881:
6868:
6855:
6846:Fauna Europaea
6842:
6829:
6816:
6803:
6790:
6777:
6764:
6751:
6736:
6720:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6662:
6658:C. liberiensis
6652:
6650:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6632:Hippopotamus (
6628:
6626:
6615:
6613:Hippopotamidae
6605:
6604:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6566:
6562:C. dromedarius
6557:
6547:
6545:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6483:
6473:
6472:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6433:
6431:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6385:
6383:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6349:
6345:S. timoriensis
6340:
6331:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6298:Domestic pig (
6295:
6286:
6277:
6268:
6258:
6256:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6235:
6225:
6223:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6178:
6174:P. aethiopicus
6168:
6166:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6144:
6142:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6126:B. togeanensis
6121:
6112:
6102:
6100:
6089:
6079:
6078:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6016:
6007:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5977:Zebra duiker (
5974:
5965:
5956:
5952:C. silvicultor
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5905:Black duiker (
5902:
5893:
5889:C. leucogaster
5884:
5875:
5866:
5857:
5848:
5839:
5830:
5820:
5818:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5784:
5778:Cape grysbok (
5775:
5765:
5763:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5721:Klipspringer (
5717:
5715:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5652:
5648:M. piacentinii
5643:
5634:
5624:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:P. przewalskii
5505:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5463:
5454:
5445:
5436:
5430:Dama gazelle (
5426:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5364:Rhim gazelle (
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5315:
5313:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5292:
5283:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:A. marsupialis
5216:
5214:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5126:Common eland (
5123:
5113:
5111:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5090:
5084:Greater kudu (
5081:
5072:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5026:
5024:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4897:Domestic yak (
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4825:
4821:B. mindorensis
4816:
4810:Lowland anoa (
4807:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4714:
4704:
4703:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4530:Nilgiri tahr (
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4383:Taiwan serow (
4380:
4371:
4362:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4314:Iberian ibex (
4311:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:Arabian tahr (
4199:
4197:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4161:
4160:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3841:
3837:R. fulvorufula
3832:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3781:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3705:Arabian oryx (
3702:
3693:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:O. virginianus
3577:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3501:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:O. bezoarticus
3442:
3440:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3388:M. gouazoubira
3386:Gray brocket (
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3141:C. albirostris
3135:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:E. cephalophus
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2854:Leaf muntjac (
2851:
2847:M. puhoatensis
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2774:
2764:
2763:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:T. williamsoni
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:M. moschiferus
2551:
2547:M. leucogaster
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2511:M. berezovskii
2506:
2496:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2358:
2356:Antilocapridae
2348:
2347:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2328:Laurasiatheria
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2242:
2235:
2234:External links
2232:
2229:
2228:
2212:
2183:
2177:. Exeter, UK.
2163:
2148:
2125:
2083:
2056:
2033:
2020:
1998:
1963:
1937:
1930:
1912:
1887:
1865:
1843:
1818:
1796:
1774:
1752:
1722:
1698:
1677:
1660:
1643:
1626:
1601:
1575:
1560:
1542:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1484:(1): 101–117.
1464:
1445:(3): 880–895.
1425:
1376:
1327:
1312:
1281:
1257:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1095:rutting season
1090:
1087:
1058:
1055:
1010:
1007:
990:inguinal gland
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:6–7.5 cm
962:
961:42–65 cm
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
927:
924:
922:
919:
911:Primorsky Krai
894:
891:
878:
875:
856:Cambridgeshire
808:
805:
802:
801:
799:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
772:
771:
769:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
737:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
599:
596:
588:United Kingdom
474:Inner Mongolia
449:
446:
372:
369:
339:control region
287:There are two
284:
281:
277:Robert Swinhoe
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
219:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
191:
187:
186:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7116:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6747:
6741:
6737:
6732:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6704:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6661:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6592:
6574:
6572:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6553:C. bactrianus
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6460:
6442:
6440:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6357:
6355:
6354:S. verrucosus
6350:
6348:
6346:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6300:S. domesticus
6296:
6294:
6292:
6291:S. celebensis
6287:
6285:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6243:
6241:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6220:Potamochoerus
6216:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6151:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6117:B. celebensis
6113:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6066:
6048:
6046:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6001:Blue duiker (
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5916:C. nigrifrons
5912:
5910:
5908:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5898:C. natalensis
5894:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5844:C. callipygus
5840:
5838:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5771:R. campestris
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5723:O. oreotragus
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5700:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5366:G. leptoceros
5362:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5270:E. albonotata
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5246:A. cervicapra
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5149:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5117:Giant eland (
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5095:T. sylvaticus
5091:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5057:Lesser kudu (
5055:
5053:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4872:B. domesticus
4870:Bali cattle (
4868:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4684:
4670:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4574:O. canadensis
4570:
4568:
4566:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4521:Nilgiritragus
4517:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4484:O. americanus
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4409:H. jemlahicus
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4305:Nubian ibex (
4303:
4301:
4299:
4296:Alpine ibex (
4294:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Pantholopinae
4060:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4014:A. buselaphus
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3918:Grey rhebok (
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Aepycerotinae
3859:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3793:Nile lechwe (
3791:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:Hippotraginae
3623:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3603:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3472:B. dichotomus
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3446:Pampas deer (
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3406:M. nemorivaga
3402:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3350:Red brocket (
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3319:H. antisensis
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3159:C. canadensis
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:R. timorensis
3104:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3066:E. davidianus
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3033:R. duvaucelii
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2998:Bawean deer (
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2923:Tufted deer (
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2856:M. putaoensis
2852:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:M. crinifrons
2798:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2749:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2695:T. versicolor
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2502:M. anhuiensis
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2456:G. reticulata
2452:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2149:0-906282-38-1
2145:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2008:
2002:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1897:
1891:
1875:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1828:
1822:
1806:
1800:
1784:
1778:
1763:. Hows.org.uk
1762:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:170–210 days
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1133:
1126:Communication
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1083:IUCN Red List
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1006:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
967:9–14 kg
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
937:
932:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
890:
888:
884:
874:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Great Britain
822:
821:Whipsnade Zoo
818:
813:
800:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
624:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:Korean tigers
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:(500–1,000),
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Yangtze River
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
445:
443:
439:
438:
434:and the stem
433:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
405:
399:
393:
387:
382:
381:ancient Greek
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:H. i. inermis
290:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
233:
229:
224:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
183:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
75:
69:
64:
53:
49:
44:
41:
40:Whipsnade Zoo
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6760:Hydropotinae
6715:
6657:
6645:
6634:H. amphibius
6633:
6623:Hippopotamus
6621:
6601:Whippomorpha
6570:
6561:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6519:
6510:
6501:
6489:
6438:
6426:
6414:
6402:
6390:
6378:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6282:S. cebifrons
6281:
6272:
6263:
6251:
6239:
6230:
6218:
6206:
6194:
6183:P. africanus
6182:
6173:
6163:Phacochoerus
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6116:
6108:B. babyrussa
6107:
6095:
6044:
6032:
6020:
6012:P. maxwellii
6011:
6003:P. monticola
6002:
5990:
5978:
5969:
5960:
5951:
5943:C. rufilatus
5942:
5933:
5924:
5915:
5906:
5897:
5888:
5879:
5870:
5861:
5860:Bay duiker (
5853:C. crusalbum
5852:
5843:
5834:
5825:
5813:
5805:Cephalophini
5788:
5780:R. melanotis
5779:
5770:
5758:
5746:
5734:
5722:
5710:
5698:
5690:N. moschatus
5689:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5647:
5638:
5630:M. guentheri
5629:
5617:
5606:D. megalotis
5605:
5593:
5568:
5556:
5545:P. hodgsonii
5544:
5532:
5509:
5500:
5492:P. gutturosa
5491:
5479:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5383:
5374:
5365:
5356:
5348:G. erlangeri
5347:
5338:
5329:
5321:G. bennettii
5320:
5308:
5296:
5288:E. thomsonii
5287:
5279:E. rufifrons
5278:
5269:
5257:
5245:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5127:
5119:T. derbianus
5118:
5106:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5050:T. eurycerus
5049:
5040:
5031:
5007:
4999:Tragelaphini
4982:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4934:
4925:
4917:B. javanicus
4916:
4907:
4899:B. grunniens
4898:
4889:
4881:B. frontalis
4880:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4841:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4781:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4667:R. rupicapra
4666:
4658:R. pyrenaica
4657:
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4600:
4599:Snow sheep (
4591:
4582:
4581:Dall sheep (
4573:
4564:
4555:
4543:
4532:N. hylocrius
4531:
4519:
4508:O. moschatus
4507:
4495:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4345:
4333:
4332:Walia ibex (
4324:
4316:C. pyrenaica
4315:
4306:
4297:
4288:
4280:C. falconeri
4279:
4270:
4261:
4252:
4240:
4229:B. taxicolor
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4084:P. hodgsonii
4083:
4071:
4046:
4037:
4027:Connochaetes
4025:
4013:
4012:Hartebeest (
4001:
3989:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3936:Alcelaphinae
3920:P. capreolus
3919:
3907:
3882:
3870:
3845:
3836:
3828:R. arundinum
3827:
3815:
3803:
3795:K. megaceros
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3755:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3646:
3634:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3530:
3517:
3505:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3470:Marsh deer (
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3352:M. americana
3351:
3339:
3327:
3318:
3308:Hippocamelus
3306:
3294:
3282:
3270:
3262:C. capreolus
3261:
3249:
3237:
3236:Water deer (
3235:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3107:
3099:R. mariannus
3098:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3040:Eld's deer (
3032:
3031:Barasingha (
3020:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2892:M. vaginalis
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2793:M. atherodes
2792:
2780:
2703:
2694:
2686:T. nigricans
2685:
2676:
2667:
2659:T. javanicus
2658:
2646:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2604:
2593:H. aquaticus
2592:
2580:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2489:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2425:
2414:O. johnstoni
2413:
2401:
2377:A. americana
2376:
2364:
2326:Superorder:
2320:Infraclass:
2291:Artiodactyla
2251:
2245:
2220:
2215:
2173:
2166:
2138:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:the original
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2036:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1982:
1955:. Retrieved
1953:(in Russian)
1950:
1940:
1921:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1901:. bds.org.uk
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1732:
1725:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1691:19 September
1689:. Retrieved
1680:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1646:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1611:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1551:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1302:
1298:Wilson, D.E.
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1234:
1228:
1222:
1181:
1173:
1168:10–12 years
1138:Reproduction
1129:
1116:
1112:
1101:. Each buck
1092:
1074:
1060:
1051:
1039:
1032:
1018:
999:
986:
950:Tail length
944:Body length
896:
883:Haute-Vienne
880:
872:
852:
844:Bedfordshire
840:Woburn Abbey
825:
816:
611:
601:
577:
572:
520:
498:
459:
441:
435:
431:
425:
421:
415:
409:
403:
391:
376:
374:
364:
360:
346:
343:cytochrome b
335:Hydropotinae
334:
329:
328:
317:canine teeth
296:
292:
286:
269:vampire deer
268:
247:
246:
242:
240:
213:
211:
195:
194:
175:
174:
135:Artiodactyla
18:
6885:iNaturalist
6740:Wikispecies
6511:L. guanicoe
6370:Tayassuidae
6334:Wild boar (
6273:S. barbatus
6231:P. larvatus
6207:P. salvania
6205:Pygmy hog (
6139:Hylochoerus
5992:Philantomba
5880:C. jentinki
5862:C. dorsalis
5815:Cephalophus
5699:N. pygmaeus
5657:M. saltiana
5595:Dorcatragus
5569:S. tatarica
5459:N. petersii
5397:Litocranius
5297:E. tilonura
5244:Blackbuck (
5220:Springbok (
5163:Antilopinae
5161:(subfamily
5108:Taurotragus
5075:Sitatunga (
5068:T. scriptus
5059:T. imberbis
5016:(including
5009:Tragelaphus
4830:B. quarlesi
4712:Boselaphini
4696:(subfamily
4601:O. nivicola
4442:N. caudatus
4431:Red goral (
4422:Naemorhedus
4385:C. swinhoei
4365:Red serow (
4347:Capricornis
4325:C. sibirica
4262:C. caucasia
4253:C. aegagrus
4251:Wild goat (
4205:A. jayakari
4194:Arabitragus
4153:(subfamily
4124:Antilopinae
4047:C. taurinus
3990:D. pygargus
3883:A. melampus
3804:K. vardonii
3766:Waterbuck (
3707:O. leucoryx
3636:Hippotragus
3564:O. hemionus
3562:Mule deer (
3461:Blastocerus
3370:M. bricenii
3328:H. bisulcus
3295:R. tarandus
3271:C. pygargus
3193:Capreolinae
3175:Sika deer (
3117:R. unicolor
3106:Rusa deer (
3009:A. porcinus
2829:M. montanus
2626:M. kathygre
2375:Pronghorn (
2366:Antilocapra
1951:РИА Новости
1905:19 December
1619:31 December
1594:31 December
1250:12 November
1119:territorial
1099:territorial
598:South Korea
557:Poyang Lake
531:(600–800),
462:Pleistocene
357:Capreolinae
155:Capreolinae
151:Subfamily:
24:Water deer
7074:Capreolini
7063:Categories
6647:Choeropsis
6529:L. vicugna
6415:C. wagneri
6318:S. oliveri
6309:S. heureni
6045:S. grimmia
6034:Sylvicapra
6021:P. walteri
5934:C. rubidis
5925:C. ogilbyi
5871:C. harveyi
5835:C. brookei
5789:R. sharpei
5769:Steenbok (
5760:Raphicerus
5712:Oreotragus
5585:Neotragini
5534:Pantholops
5450:N. notatus
5408:L. walleri
5357:G. gazella
5330:G. cuvieri
5319:Chinkara (
5211:Antidorcas
5198:A. clarkei
5187:Ammodorcas
5177:Antilopini
5077:T. spekeii
5041:T. buxtoni
5032:T. angasii
4924:Wild yak (
4908:B. indicus
4863:B. bonasus
4803:B. bubalis
4746:Boselaphus
4722:Tetracerus
4592:O. gmelini
4460:N. griseus
4433:N. baileyi
4398:Hemitragus
4367:C. rubidus
4358:C. crispus
4307:C. nubiana
4170:Ammotragus
4073:Pantholops
4003:Alcelaphus
3988:Bontebok (
3981:D. lunatus
3970:Damaliscus
3957:B. hunteri
3846:R. redunca
3747:Reduncinae
3698:O. gazella
3647:H. equinus
3573:O. pandora
3553:Odocoileus
3437:Ozotoceros
3293:Reindeer (
3238:H. inermis
3227:Hydropotes
3150:C. elaphus
3148:Red deer (
3090:R. alfredi
3007:Hog deer (
2865:M. reevesi
2838:M. muntjak
2668:T. kanchil
2635:M. meminna
2582:Hyemoschus
2572:Tragulidae
2529:M. cupreus
2447:G. giraffa
2393:Giraffidae
2344:Ruminantia
2193:1110122665
2013:20 October
1957:2023-01-20
1745:4 November
1716:2022-01-18
1561:2010035283
1275:2022-01-18
1203:References
1185:vegetation
1154:Life span
1079:Vulnerable
1019:H. inermis
921:Morphology
899:photo trap
866:and North
832:London Zoo
584:grasslands
507:province (
503:, coastal
377:Hydropotes
361:Hydropotes
351:within an
330:Hydropotes
309:anatomical
307:; despite
289:subspecies
243:water deer
182:R. Swinhoe
176:Hydropotes
165:Capreolini
63:Vulnerable
6599:Suborder
6509:Guanaco (
6481:Camelidae
6467:Suborder
6439:D. tajacu
6428:Dicotyles
6404:Catagonus
6391:T. pecari
6336:S. scrofa
6240:P. porcus
6229:Bushpig (
6097:Babyrousa
6073:Suborder
5970:C. weynsi
5961:C. spadix
5826:C. adersi
5747:O. ourebi
5681:N. batesi
5670:Neotragus
5639:M. kirkii
5441:N. granti
5406:Gerenuk (
5375:G. spekei
5339:G. dorcas
5196:Dibatag (
4983:S. caffer
4948:Pseudoryx
4935:B. taurus
4915:Banteng (
4890:B. gaurus
4819:Tamaraw (
4665:Chamois (
4647:Rupicapra
4634:P. nayaur
4610:O. vignei
4590:Mouflon (
4289:C. hircus
4278:Markhor (
4181:A. lervia
3946:Beatragus
3872:Aepyceros
3696:Gemsbok (
3689:O. dammah
3531:P. carlae
3424:M. temama
3415:M. rufina
3379:M. chunyi
3361:M. bororo
3251:Capreolus
3177:C. nippon
3168:C. hanglu
3055:Elaphurus
3000:A. kuhlii
2914:Elaphodus
2782:Muntiacus
2617:M. indica
2606:Moschiola
2538:M. fuscus
2481:Moschidae
2342:Suborder
2302:Kingdom:
2201:cite book
1991:27 August
1570:461974285
1363:0737-4038
1290:Grubb, P.
1089:Behaviour
1035:musk deer
978:2.4–3 in
975:18-22 in
848:Whipsnade
819:) at the
563:(1,000),
549:Guangdong
472:in west,
371:Etymology
365:Capreolus
353:Old World
348:Capreolus
305:true deer
301:musk deer
279:in 1870.
265:musk deer
190:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
6955:14200463
6903:10229506
6725:Wikidata
6571:C. ferus
6527:Vicuña (
6520:L. pacos
6518:Alpaca (
6502:L. glama
6469:Tylopoda
5979:C. zebra
5907:C. niger
5481:Procapra
5259:Eudorcas
5235:Antilope
4972:Syncerus
4933:Cattle (
4926:B. mutus
4854:B. bison
4794:B. arnee
4755:Nilgai (
4632:Bharal (
4623:Pseudois
4583:O. dalli
4565:O. aries
4556:O. ammon
4554:Argali (
4506:Muskox (
4473:Oreamnos
4451:N. goral
4334:C. walie
4218:Budorcas
4155:Caprinae
4100:Caprinae
3955:Hirola (
3899:Peleinae
3881:Impala (
3786:K. leche
3784:Lechwe (
3680:O. beisa
3656:H. niger
3317:Taruca (
3284:Rangifer
3214:A. alces
3115:Sambar (
3042:R. eldii
3022:Rucervus
2980:Chital (
2772:Cervinae
2759:Cervidae
2720:Cervidae
2648:Tragulus
2322:Eutheria
2316:Mammalia
2310:Chordata
2308:Phylum:
2304:Animalia
2158:59362218
2098:(2021).
1498:16584894
1459:15522810
1322:62265494
1292:(2005).
1191:See also
994:Cervidae
887:Poitiers
734:113,763
608:leopards
565:Shanghai
529:Zhejiang
513:Zhejiang
466:Holocene
464:and the
440:meaning
430:meaning
420:meaning
283:Taxonomy
145:Cervidae
141:Family:
125:Mammalia
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
6942:1006288
6877:2440931
6731:Q192573
6683:Cetacea
6674:Cetacea
6542:Camelus
6500:Llama (
6380:Tayassu
6196:Porcula
5745:Oribi (
5736:Ourebia
5619:Madoqua
5604:Beira (
5525:Saigini
5432:N. dama
5310:Gazella
5159:Bovidae
5157:Family
5128:T. oryx
5048:Bongo (
5030:Nyala (
4957:Saola (
4879:Gayal (
4783:Bubalus
4698:Bovinae
4694:Bovidae
4692:Family
4608:Urial (
4298:C. ibex
4227:Takin (
4151:Bovidae
4149:Family
4112:Bovinae
4038:C. gnou
3817:Redunca
3729:Addax (
3613:Bovidae
3611:Family
3519:Pudella
3506:P. pudu
3397:M. nana
3212:Moose (
2982:A. axis
2949:D. dama
2811:M. feae
2757:Family
2732:Bovidae
2677:T. napu
2491:Moschus
2427:Giraffa
2412:Okapi (
2314:Class:
2293:species
2289:Extant
2076:8 April
1420:9628037
1411:1689037
1371:9364773
1132:muntjac
1071:extinct
1029:, Japan
1021:at the
953:Weight
905:in the
901:in the
885:, near
864:Suffolk
860:Norfolk
807:Britain
798:60,000
766:14,982
763:10,944
757:13,904
731:88,041
728:58,786
725:50,333
722:29,756
717:11,269
575:(고라니).
569:Guangxi
561:Jiangxi
547:(500),
533:Jiangsu
527:in the
505:Jiangsu
490:Vietnam
432:without
417:inermis
321:antlers
303:than a
171:Genus:
161:Tribe:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
7020:473913
7007:194504
6916:625054
6851:305267
6825:HPTSIN
6812:308404
6786:199230
6768:ARKive
6087:Suidae
5688:Suni (
5421:Nanger
4906:Zebu (
4888:Gaur (
4773:Bovini
4497:Ovibos
3802:Puku (
3777:K. kob
3341:Mazama
3130:Cervus
2403:Okapia
2191:
2181:
2156:
2146:
2049:4 June
1928:
1880:3 July
1858:3 July
1836:3 July
1811:3 July
1789:3 July
1767:4 June
1568:
1558:
1496:
1457:
1418:
1408:
1369:
1361:
1320:
1310:
1176:estrus
1042:autumn
893:Russia
877:France
760:3,943
754:1,500
592:France
580:swamps
573:gorani
567:, and
553:Fujian
494:Taiwan
383:words
184:, 1870
7033:42676
6994:84009
6929:10329
6898:IRMNG
6890:42193
6838:11272
6833:EUNIS
6799:6MJGG
6075:Suina
5558:Saiga
5499:Goa (
5018:kudus
4242:Capra
3909:Pelea
3775:Kob (
3757:Kobus
3720:Addax
3203:Alces
3157:Elk (
1899:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1675:>
1296:. In
1027:Tokyo
1009:Teeth
1003:torso
868:Essex
660:2017
657:2016
654:2015
651:2014
648:2013
645:2012
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