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181:
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149:
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1114:
137:
1606:. Jones himself disagrees, stating that Hartenstein was concerned about the survivors' well-being but did not inquire about provisions, nor did he offer additional food or water. Hartenstein did express that it would have been his wish to tow them at least some distance to the African coast, but explained that he was not able to do so as he recently had been attacked while attempting to aid survivors.
33:
1625:
2871:
1100:
from the barrel, so when
Hartenstein ordered them to fire, the gun blew up. Gunnery Officer Dietrich von dem Borne was wounded badly, one foot having been severed. His comrade and trigger man Heinrich BĂĽssinger was badly wounded as well and died several hours after the attack. Hartenstein ordered the
1695:
Ten months after his death a service of remembrance was held in Plauen on 15 January 1944. The service was attended by his parents, his sisters and other members of the family, the mayor of Plauen, Eugen Wörner, senior officials and councillors. The local press reported that "His parents have
1601:
s crew, Hartenstein made sure that the survivors had enough water and provisions and that
Captain William Thomas had the exact coordinates. This account of that attack and the impression that the humanitarian actions of Hartenstein made is documented in the book by David Cledlyn Jones,
1361:
shots from torpedo tubes I and III. After three minutes and six seconds the first torpedo detonated, then the second. He closed, hoping to capture the ship's senior officers, but then saw over two thousand people, many of them
Italian prisoners of war, struggling in the water.
1366:
speculates that
Hartenstein may have been concerned about the effect his action would have on German relations with Italy. Alternatively he also may have had humanitarian considerations. Irrespective of his motivation, Hartenstein immediately began rescue operations.
1207:
after a 25-second run-time. Hartenstein observed that the bow was completely blown away, but its engines kept running. The waters around
Martinique were extremely shallow and Hartenstein decided not to pursue the destroyer. On 1 June 1942, Hartenstein was promoted to
462:, on 27 February 1908. He was the second child of William Karl Adolf Hartenstein, an export merchant, and Selma Emma Hartenstein, née Schlingensiepen. Hartenstein had one older sister, Thea Irena, and a younger sister, Charlotte. He celebrated his
1087:
and partially sank her but the damage was moderate and caused no casualties. Commander
Hartenstein then steamed further around Aruba and directed his men to take to the deck guns and prepare for a naval bombardment of the large oil tank of the
1666:, lifting it and breaking it in two, followed by an explosion. At least eleven survivors were seen swimming in the water. The Americans dropped two rubber rafts and rations, and five men were seen to reach one of the rafts. The
1589:
fired 58 rounds from the 37 mm (1.46 in) flak gun and seven further shots from the 10.5 cm gun before
Hartenstein ordered a cease fire. After a direct hit in the ship's stern ammunition magazine and an explosion,
1525:
order" to his U-boat commanders that stated in part "No attempt of any kind must be made at rescuing members of ships sunk ..." At the end of the war, the
Laconia Order was unsuccessfully used against Admiral Dönitz in his
2793:
Die
Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
2798:
The Knight's Cross
Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
1692:, sent a letter to Hartenstein's parents on 23 April 1943 indicating that their son had been posted as missing in action as of 12 March 1943. U.S. officials announced the destruction of the U-boat on 10 May 1943.
1318:
was hit by two torpedoes and sank, killing nine members of the crew and two gunners; 79 sailors survived the sinking. Two later sightings on 2 and 6 September did not lead to favourable attack positions.
1909:
had sent the last radio message to the BdU on 7 March 1943. This message informed the BdU of heavy air surveillance in the area of operations. The message also informed the BdU of the uselessness of the
1247:
received a hero's welcome by the residents of Plauen on 20 July 1942. The people lined the streets as the whole crew marched from the railway station to the City Hall for the official welcome reception.
1203:. At roughly 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) offshore, the hydrophones detected a ship. Hartenstein attacked from a submerged position firing two torpedoes. One torpedo struck the bow of the
1558:). Hartenstein issued a bottle of beer to each member of the crew and held a speech honouring the achievements of everyone on board, and telling them that he would wear the decoration in their name.
1349:
lookout sighted a smoke stack at 230 degrees. Hartenstein followed the target, which was zigzagging at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), until the general direction of the large
1357:
was running at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) into a favourable attack position, and Hartenstein ordered the attack at 21:07. He slowed speed at 22:00 and ordered surfaced
1410:
under the command of Georg von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, to assist Hartenstein immediately. At 06:00 Hartenstein ordered that the following message be sent on the 25m wavelength:
2931:
960:
departed from Lorient under the protection of a pathfinder in the early morning of 19 January 1942. Hartenstein's orders were to conduct a simultaneous surprise attack of the
1189:
sighted the first steamer in the early afternoon on 12 May, the first of twelve ships—eleven merchantmen and one warship—attacked on this patrol, ten of which were sunk.
2921:
2838:
2956:
1500:, forced Hartenstein to abandon the rescue operations. A majority of survivors were later rescued by British merchant ships and two Vichy French warships, the cruiser
501:
on 1 April 1928 as a member of "Crew 28" (the incoming class of 1928). He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the
825:
358:, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Hartenstein was credited with sinking 19 ships totaling 97,504
865:
2936:
1914:
radar warning receiver. It also reported of high precision aerial attacks made at night without the aid of search lights. The BdU for the first time requested
1036:
some 1.5 km (0.81 nmi; 0.93 mi) offshore and attacked the two British tankers at anchor. Hartenstein fired one torpedo from his bow tubes at
90:
2906:
1544:
received a radio message on 17 September 1942 indicating that Werner Hartenstein had become the 63rd member of the U-boat service and the 125th of the
1418:
crew, I will not attack providing I am not being attacked by ship or air forces. I picked up 193 men. 4°53 South/11°26 West – German submarine"
910:
received a radio message on the evening of 8 January ordering Hartenstein to proceed at high speed to Lorient, where it arrived on 10 January 1942.
1167:
Gert Mannesmann. Chief engineer Wilhelm Polchau reported to Hartenstein on 6 May that the diesel compressor had malfunctioned. Hartenstein radioed
2655:
The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
1185:
rendezvoused and exchanged 5 cubic metres (6.5 cu yd) of fuel oil for the necessary spare parts, and the fuel compressor was repaired.
1023:
2651:
Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
1658:. The Catalina dropped four Mark 44 Torpex water-bombs at 13:15 from an altitude of 75 feet (23 m) to 100 feet (30 m) which straddled
1696:
accepted that their loving son will not return home but is resting in peace with his Lord." Werner Hartenstein was portrayed by German actor
472:) in 1926. After graduation in 1926 he applied for a naval officer cadetship but was rejected at first, and instead studied two semesters of
2926:
2851:
2830:
1617:
391:
and the first year of World War II, he transferred to the U-boat service in 1941. In September 1942, Hartenstein torpedoed and sank the
2946:
2916:
1060:. She too burst into flames and sunk an hour later in about 70 m (230 ft) of water. Fifteen of her 22 crewmen were killed.
1581:
with one torpedo fired from tube VI. Hartenstein surfaced and approached the lifeboats and asked the survivors for the ship's name.
2951:
1448:
1005:
2806:
2781:
2758:
2735:
2662:
2636:
2613:
1264:
fourth patrol (20 August 1942 – 16 November 1942), Hartenstein sank and then organised the rescue of the survivors of
426:
to the entire German U-boat force that forbade rescuing the survivors of sunken ships. Hartenstein and the entire crew of
1918:
to report back on 12 March 1943. The request was repeated again on 16, 17, 18, 19 and for the last time on 24 March 1943.
1780:
1569:
and the crew was still repairing minor damage, when the lookout spotted a ship at 04:30. The target was the British ship
1549:
655:
355:
330:
247:
542:
1380:(BdU—commander of U-boats) requesting guidance and confirmation on how to proceed. The BdU responded at 03:45 ordering
1052:, the steamer immediately burst into flames, killing eight of her 26 crewmen and wounding her captain Herbert McCall.
1159:. Prior to the departure Dietrich von dem Borne, who had been severely wounded on the second patrol, was replaced by
398:, then attempted to rescue the survivors. He was forced to abort the rescue when his U-boat came under attack by a
1662:. Two bombs were observed to hit the water 10 feet (3.0 m) to 15 feet (4.6 m) starboard and just aft of
1439:
The message was repeated twice on the international 600m wavelength. The BdU later changed the order slightly and
947:
2911:
1089:
422:
1642:
During his fifth patrol (16 January 1943 – 8 March 1943), on 8 March 1943, Hartenstein and the entire crew of
643:
1479:
1229:
999:
989:
783:
406:
349:
274:
68:
1501:
1286:
1168:
941:
763:
671:
617:(captain lieutenant) on 1 June 1937. Hartenstein participated in several patrols in 1937 and 1938 on board
262:
1527:
2941:
2901:
2629:
The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945
1299:. Hartenstein received the order to operate against Convoy SL-119 on 25 August. After a two-day pursuit,
1223:
1056:
then began to lift anchor and steam away but she was too late and was hit by a second torpedo fired from
754:
Hartenstein's first patrol (24 December 1941 – 10 January 1942) was an uneventful transfer patrol taking
2625:
Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 – Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
1015:
came around to the refineries. There in front of her target were two Lago Company flat-bottom steamers,
2861:
2646:
1702:
677:
268:
550:
1304:
1145:. The mention was entered in the orders and decorations' section of a soldier's Service Record Book.
1093:
606:
250:
495:
Aged 20, Hartenstein re-applied for the cadetship, was accepted and began his naval career with the
1493:
1376:
1155:
again departed from Lorient under the protection of a pathfinder on 22 April 1942 destined for the
709:
957:
676:
on 20 November 1938. In October 1939 Hartenstein transferred and switched command of torpedo boat
1102:
919:
1314:. Hartenstein attacked from a submerged position to avoid detection under the bright moonlight.
306:
2605:
1430:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1235:
951:
769:
481:
359:
311:
704:
and Hartenstein transferred to the U-boat force, and on 4 September 1941 was given command of
563:
466:
in 1923 and graduated from a humanities-oriented secondary school in Plauen with his diploma (
240:
1358:
1292:
2896:
2891:
1492:; Lieutenant James D. Harden) at 12:32 on 16 September 1942. The attack ordered by Captain
1459:
789:
775:
525:
489:
224:
2774:
Corvette Captain Werner Hartenstein: With U 156 on a War Patrol and the "Laconia" Incident
2121:
2109:
8:
1939:
1752:
1685:
1667:
1538:
had followed the same general policy as was set forth in the German admiral's directive.
1174:
739:
731:
701:
1785:
1381:
1210:
533:
205:
2542:
1535:
1489:
1346:
1265:
1033:
670:
in the first one and a half years of the war. Hartenstein took command of torpedo boat
589:
392:
1763:
1401:
1135:
on 25 May 1942. This achievement earned Hartenstein a reference on 6 June 1942 in the
613:
2802:
2777:
2754:
2731:
2710:
2685:
2658:
2632:
2609:
2537:
1746:
924:
622:
451:
388:
294:
2770:
Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartenstein: Mit U 156 auf Feindfahrt und der Fall "Laconia"
918:
On his second patrol (19 January 1942 – 17 March 1942) Hartenstein commanded a
2875:
1774:
1647:
1335:
1272:
1164:
1137:
1076:
797:
513:
431:
410:
217:
2631:] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn.
2426:
1422:
995:
929:
667:
455:
380:
316:
142:
383:) in 1928. After a period of training on surface vessels and service on various
2422:
1531:
1482:
1196:
903:
726:
personally pinned the award on Harteinstein's leather jacket on 17 March 1942.
399:
74:
2417:
1222:
Leopold Schumacher as new first watch officer. Just later became commander of
779:
723:
2885:
1720:
1391:
1296:
1276:
1156:
1016:
881:
867:
841:
827:
686:
663:
626:
573:
560:
554:
510:
477:
473:
459:
417:
234:
231:
106:
92:
32:
509:(1 April 1928 – 30 June 1928). Hartenstein was then transferred to the
2696:
2671:
2127:
2115:
1977:
1758:
1651:
1471:
1129:
933:
813:
713:
598:
585:
497:
463:
435:
384:
375:
342:
300:
186:
174:
154:
2727:
1726:
1350:
1339:
1327:
1141:, a propaganda bulletin issued by the headquarters of the Wehrmacht, the
1080:
549:. Hartenstein then underwent a number of officer training courses at the
546:
341:(27 February 1908 – 8 March 1943) was a German naval officer during
2531:
1113:
524:(midshipman) on 11 October 1928. Following a 14-month stay on board the
2597:
1732:
1681:
1363:
1311:
1200:
581:
520:
502:
2714:
2689:
969:
712:
U-boat. For his service on torpedo boats, Hartenstein was awarded the
1697:
1574:
1565:
was roughly 800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi) south of
1475:
1049:
1045:
659:
506:
363:
1677:
to rescue the survivors. The search was abandoned on 12 March 1943.
1577:
to Freetown. Hartenstein attacked from a submerged position and hit
2753:] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall.
2706:
2681:
1674:
1655:
1566:
1083:
next to the Arend/Eagle Refinery. Just one of the torpedoes struck
801:
793:
654:
At the outbreak of World War II, Hartenstein continued to serve on
572:
was occasionally interrupted to attend further training courses at
447:
78:
1124:
On Hartenstein's third patrol (22 April 1942 – 7 July 1942),
1689:
1338:
roughly 600 nautical miles (1,100 km; 690 mi) south of
1331:
1097:
809:
743:
735:
2697:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert; Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
2672:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert; Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
2549:
1747:
The Return of Sudetenland Commemorative Medal of 1 October 1938
1496:, which killed a number of people in the lifeboats and damaged
1485:
1470:
in the afternoon of 15 September. Heading to a rendezvous with
1068:
611:
from 30 September 1936 to 13 November 1938. He was promoted to
553:, including navigational training cruises on the survey vessel
531:(16 October 1928 – 3 January 1930) he advanced in rank to
468:
402:
370:
346:
52:
2205:
605:
Hartenstein served as first watch officer on the torpedo boat
2801:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
2747:
Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
1911:
1511:
1214:(corvette captain). The first watch officer, Paul Just, left
965:
16:
German naval officer and U-boat commander during World War II
2751:
The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
1218:
after returning from the third patrol. Just was replaced by
518:(1 July 1928 – 15 October 1928), attaining the rank of
2072:
577:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2037:
1458:
was assisting and supplying the survivors in the numerous
2561:
1343:
1142:
1105:
to continue the attack, causing only superficial damage.
1011:
On 16 February, after observing the area for a few days,
2022:
1521:
incident" and led BdU Admiral Karl Dönitz to issue the "
1295:
departed from Lorient on 20 August 1942 heading for the
2573:
2501:
2489:
2465:
2386:
2049:
2034:
1128:
sank 12 ships and damaged a further two, including the
822:, or WFB) were released: "WFB 33" on 7 January 1942 at
568:(1 October 1931 – 23 September 1934). His stay on
2657:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.
2477:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
1374:
At 01:25 on 13 September 1942 Hartenstein radioed the
2859:
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2350:
2348:
2321:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2169:
2157:
2133:
2099:
2097:
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slowly sank. According to William Clark, a member of
1548:
to be awarded Germany's highest military honour, the
1251:
580:-Wik. During this assignment on 30 January 1933, the
2513:
2453:
2270:
1654:
aircraft (VP-53/P-1; Lieutenant E. Dryden), east of
2441:
2398:
2374:
2309:
2229:
2010:
1466:arrived at 11:32 on 14 September 1942, followed by
658:. In this position, he completed 65 patrols in the
2932:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
2922:German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War
2345:
2333:
2282:
2258:
2217:
2193:
2181:
2145:
2094:
2957:Deaths by American airstrikes during World War II
2082:
1998:
1199:, was ordered to observe the traffic to and from
441:
362: (GRT), and with damaging three ships and a
2883:
2776:] (in German). WĂĽrzburg, Germany: Flechsig.
2744:
2555:
792:fighter aircraft and split up once they reached
738:as a training boat, then was transferred to the
2128:Hildebrand, Röhr & Steinmetz 1993, volume 4
2116:Hildebrand, Röhr & Steinmetz 1993, volume 7
2937:Kriegsmarine personnel killed in World War II
862:, and "WFB 32" on 8 January 1942 at 02:44 at
788:. The convoy received aerial protection from
1553:
817:
717:
630:
2907:Military personnel of the Kingdom of Saxony
2745:Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001).
782:where they joined up with a pathfinder and
2645:
2623:Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003).
2567:
2541:
1414:"If any ship will assist the ship-wrecked
31:
2622:
2602:Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945
2076:
2043:
1609:
1534:testified that in the war with Japan the
588:, came to power in Germany, and began to
2790:
2579:
1478:banners, the U-boats were attacked by a
1421:
1112:
1040:. The torpedo attack was successful and
642:
625:. For these services he was awarded the
1727:The Return of Memel Commemorative Medal
1028:, both British-owned oilers. At 01:31,
2884:
1517:This event later became known as the "
1462:that kept arriving or were picked up.
446:Hartenstein was born in Plauen in the
2721:
2596:
2519:
2483:
2459:
2315:
2276:
2016:
1938:humanities-oriented secondary school—
541:at the time was under the command of
2767:
2507:
2495:
2471:
2447:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2339:
2327:
2303:
2291:
2264:
2252:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2103:
2088:
2028:
2004:
1925:
1709:
1530:. The prosecution failed when Fleet
2927:Recipients of the Gold German Cross
1243:Hartenstein and the entire crew of
537:(officer cadet) on 1 January 1930.
486:Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
13:
2410:
1624:
14:
2968:
2947:Missing in action of World War II
2843:4 March 1940 – January 1941
1435:(background) on 15 September 1942
964:against the shipping traffic off
409:. The event became known as the "
2917:U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)
2869:
1781:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
1623:
1616:
1555:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes
1550:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
1326:was patrolling off the coast of
913:
543:Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
356:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
331:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
179:
167:
147:
135:
2589:
2525:
1970:
1900:
1108:
932:in February 1942, attacking an
749:
746:, France, on 31 December 1941.
693:. On 30 March 1941, command of
638:
2952:Military personnel from Saxony
2724:The Enemy We Killed, My Friend
1958:
1946:
1932:
1761:in Gold on 2 February 1942 as
1604:The Enemy We Killed, My Friend
1094:10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun
1090:Lago Oil and Transport Company
442:Early life and pre-war service
423:Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote
1:
2722:Jones, David Cledlyn (1999).
1986:
1941:humanistische Staatsgymnasium
1796:
1650:by depth charges from a U.S.
1454:were dispatched. In parallel
988:also included the submarines
621:in Spanish waters during the
559:, before transferring to the
407:United States Army Air Forces
2556:Patzwall & Scherzer 2001
2546:. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
1991:
1738:2nd Class (16 November 1939)
928:—Group New Land) during the
545:, a U-boat commander during
354:. He was a recipient of the
7:
2768:Röll, Hans-Joachim (2011).
2699:Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe
2674:Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe
1700:in the 2011 TV mini-series
434:by depth charges from a US
10:
2973:
2709:, Germany: Mundus Verlag.
2684:, Germany: Mundus Verlag.
2418:"Judgement : Doenitz"
2214:, pp. 35–36, 153–154.
1771:/6. Torbedoboots-Flottille
1703:The Sinking of the Laconia
730:was first assigned to the
584:, under the leadership of
438:aircraft on 8 March 1943.
2845:
2839:6th Torpedo-boat Flotilla
2835:
2824:
2819:
2604:. Vol. Two. London:
1741:1st Class (27 April 1940)
1714:
689:who took over command of
373:, Hartenstein joined the
326:
282:
258:
213:
200:
192:
160:
130:
84:
58:
39:
30:
23:
2647:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer
1964:standing ship division —
1893:
1783:on 17 September 1942 as
1585:did not sink easily and
1494:Robert C. Richardson III
1377:Befehlshaber der U-Boote
1117:The heavily damaged USS
948:Günther Müller-Stöckheim
774:, transited through the
662:, Norwegian waters, the
2791:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1723:in Bronze (6 June 1939)
1303:found a straggler, the
796:. Passing south of the
719:Deutsches Kreuz in Gold
551:Naval Academy at MĂĽrwik
416:" and resulted in the "
2912:Reichsmarine personnel
1777:(1939) (17 March 1942)
1610:Fifth patrol and death
1561:On 19 September 1942,
1554:
1436:
1420:
1121:
818:
758:from Kiel to Lorient.
722:) on 2 February 1942.
718:
651:
632:Spanienkreuz in Bronze
631:
482:University of Freiburg
312:Battle of the Atlantic
2077:Busch & Röll 2003
2044:Busch & Röll 2003
2031:, pp. 51–53, 72.
1876:(Captain Lieutenant)
1425:
1412:
1400:under the command of
1390:under the command of
1322:On 12 September 1942
1293:Karl-Friedrich Merten
1291:under the command of
1177:to assist. On 10 May
1173:under the command of
1116:
1096:forgot to remove the
1004:under the command of
994:under the command of
958:JĂĽrgen von Rosenstiel
956:under the command of
946:under the command of
893:WFB 32 (weather buoy)
853:WFB 33 (weather buoy)
819:Wetterfunkgeräte/Boje
646:
420:", an order from the
193:Years of service
2837:Deputy commander of
2726:. Llandysul, Wales:
2705:]. Vol. 7.
2703:The German War Ships
2680:]. Vol. 4.
2678:The German War Ships
1966:Schiffsstammdivision
1952:2nd department —II.
1863:Oberleutnant zur See
1854:(Second Lieutenant)
1841:Oberfähnrich zur See
1673:was dispatched from
1271:, resulting in the "
1220:Oberleutnant zur See
1161:Oberleutnant zur See
1103:3.7 cm flak gun
1034:San Nicolaas Harbour
790:Messerschmitt Bf 109
776:Kaiser Wilhelm Canal
490:Freiburg im Breisgau
307:Operation WeserĂĽbung
2510:, pp. 135–139.
2498:, pp. 133–134.
2474:, pp. 119–123.
2395:, pp. 146–147.
1887:(Corvette Captain)
1865:(First Lieutenant)
1821:(Seaman 2nd class)
1753:Destroyer War Badge
1686:2nd U-boat Flotilla
1175:Robert-Richard Zapp
877: /
837: /
740:2nd U-boat Flotilla
732:4th U-boat Flotilla
702:Friedrich-Karl Paul
360:gross register tons
102: /
2942:People lost at sea
2902:People from Plauen
1755:(24 December 1940)
1536:United States Navy
1490:343d Bomb Squadron
1449:Italian submarine
1437:
1252:Fourth patrol and
1195:, positioned near
1122:
842:51.0717°N 11.067°W
808:slowly approached
652:
635:) on 6 June 1939.
492:on 29 April 1927.
345:who commanded the
339:Werner Hartenstein
209:(corvette captain)
25:Werner Hartenstein
2858:
2857:
2846:Succeeded by
2820:Military offices
2808:978-3-938845-17-2
2783:978-3-8035-0012-0
2760:978-3-931533-45-8
2737:978-1-85902-624-3
2664:978-3-7909-0284-6
2638:978-3-8132-0515-2
2615:978-0-304-35261-6
2486:, pp. 31–32.
2371:, pp. 92–95.
2330:, pp. 85–86.
2306:, pp. 79–81.
2178:, pp. 22–25.
2166:, pp. 21–22.
2142:, pp. 16–18.
1926:Translation notes
1891:
1890:
1859:1 September 1934:
1819:Matrosengefreiter
1789:and commander of
1749:(6 November 1940)
1729:(26 October 1939)
1710:Summary of career
1429:(foreground) and
1071:-owned tanker SS
1006:Albrecht Achilles
882:53.400°N 13.533°W
623:Spanish Civil War
452:Kingdom of Saxony
389:Spanish Civil War
336:
335:
295:Spanish Civil War
107:12.633°N 54.650°W
2964:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2849:Korvettenkapitän
2828:Korvettenkapitän
2825:Preceded by
2817:
2816:
2812:
2787:
2764:
2741:
2718:
2693:
2668:
2642:
2619:
2606:Cassell Military
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1919:
1904:
1885:Korvettenkapitän
1852:Leutnant zur See
1843:(Senior Ensign)
1832:(Officer Cadet)
1830:Fähnrich zur See
1804:11 October 1928:
1801:
1800:
1786:Korvettenkapitän
1775:U-boat War Badge
1767:on torpedo boat
1679:Korvettenkapitän
1648:killed in action
1627:
1626:
1620:
1600:
1573:, en route from
1557:
1384:, consisting of
1382:Wolf pack Eisbär
1353:became evident.
1336:Ascension Island
1273:Laconia incident
1211:Korvettenkapitän
1138:Wehrmachtbericht
1092:The crew of the
901:
900:
898:
897:
896:
894:
889:
888:
883:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
861:
860:
858:
857:
856:
854:
849:
848:
847:51.0717; -11.067
843:
838:
835:
834:
833:
830:
821:
800:, bypassing the
798:Shetland Islands
762:, together with
721:
634:
596:was renamed the
534:Fähnrich zur See
432:killed in action
206:Korvettenkapitän
185:
183:
182:
173:
171:
170:
162:
153:
151:
150:
141:
139:
138:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
119:
114:
113:
108:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
65:
50:27 February 1908
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2842:
2833:
2815:
2809:
2784:
2761:
2738:
2665:
2639:
2616:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2568:Fellgiebel 2000
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2427:Yale Law School
2416:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1874:Kapitänleutnant
1848:1 October 1932:
1826:1 January 1930:
1799:
1764:Kapitänleutnant
1717:
1712:
1684:, chief of the
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1612:
1598:
1528:war crime trial
1402:Erich WĂĽrdemann
1371:sank at 23:23.
1342:. At 11:37 the
1330:midway between
1316:Clan Macwhirter
1307:Clan Macwhirter
1258:
1111:
996:Nicolai Clausen
930:Attack on Aruba
916:
892:
890:
887:53.400; -13.533
886:
884:
880:
879:
876:
871:
868:
866:
864:
863:
852:
850:
846:
844:
840:
839:
836:
831:
828:
826:
824:
823:
752:
699:Kapitänleutnant
684:Kapitänleutnant
668:English Channel
641:
614:Kapitänleutnant
592:. In 1935, the
456:federated state
444:
381:Weimar Republic
322:
321:
317:Attack on Aruba
298:
291:
273:
267:
246:
239:
230:
223:
180:
178:
177:
168:
166:
148:
146:
145:
143:Weimar Republic
136:
134:
117:
115:
112:12.633; -54.650
111:
109:
105:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
67:
63:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2879:
2878:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2844:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2794:Bundesarchives
2788:
2782:
2765:
2759:
2742:
2736:
2719:
2694:
2669:
2663:
2643:
2637:
2620:
2614:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:, p. 367.
2572:
2570:, p. 214.
2560:
2558:, p. 166.
2548:
2524:
2522:, p. 122.
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2462:, p. 117.
2452:
2450:, p. 119.
2440:
2423:Avalon Project
2409:
2407:, p. 118.
2397:
2385:
2383:, p. 115.
2373:
2361:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2281:
2279:, p. 110.
2269:
2257:
2255:, p. 152.
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2130:, p. 224.
2120:
2118:, p. 156.
2108:
2093:
2081:
2079:, p. 258.
2048:
2046:, p. 257.
2033:
2021:
2019:, p. 108.
2009:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1532:Admiral Nimitz
1506:and the sloop
1483:B-24 Liberator
1285:together with
1257:
1250:
1197:Fort-de-France
1110:
1107:
1048:. Loaded with
986:Gruppe Neuland
962:Gruppe Neuland
925:Gruppe Neuland
915:
912:
904:Porcupine Bank
751:
748:
640:
637:
590:rearm the navy
443:
440:
400:B-24 Liberator
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
292:
287:
286:
284:
280:
279:
260:
256:
255:
215:
211:
210:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
164:
158:
157:
132:
128:
127:
118:U-156 (U-boat)
86:
82:
81:
75:Atlantic Ocean
66:(aged 35)
60:
56:
55:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2969:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2853:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2581:
2580:Scherzer 2007
2576:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2359:, p. 89.
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2342:, p. 87.
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2318:, p. 59.
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2294:, p. 83.
2293:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2267:, p. 66.
2266:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2226:, p. 46.
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2202:, p. 35.
2201:
2196:
2190:, p. 67.
2189:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2154:, p. 19.
2153:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2106:, p. 34.
2105:
2100:
2098:
2091:, p. 73.
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2007:, p. 72.
2006:
2001:
1997:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1837:1 April 1932:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:1 April 1929:
1814:
1813:
1810:(Midshipman)
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:Spanish Cross
1719:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1619:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:Harro Schacht
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1297:Bay of Biscay
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:Laconia Order
1274:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:Caribbean Sea
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:attacked the
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
945:
944:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:
921:
914:Second patrol
911:
909:
905:
899:
859:
820:
815:
814:weather buoys
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
757:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:
697:was given to
696:
692:
688:
687:Franz Kohlauf
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:Bay of Biscay
661:
657:
656:torpedo boats
650:
647:torpedo boat
645:
636:
633:
628:
627:Spanish Cross
624:
620:
616:
615:
610:
609:
603:
601:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Wilhelmshaven
571:
567:
566:
562:
561:light cruiser
558:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
530:
529:
523:
522:
517:
516:
512:
511:training ship
508:
504:
500:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:jurisprudence
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:German Empire
457:
453:
449:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
419:
418:Laconia Order
415:
413:
408:
404:
401:
397:
396:
390:
386:
385:torpedo boats
382:
379:(navy of the
378:
377:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
329:
325:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
303:
302:
297:
296:
290:
285:
281:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
261:
257:
254:
253:
249:
245:
244:
238:
237:
233:
232:Survey vessel
229:
228:
222:
221:
216:
212:
208:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
176:
165:
159:
156:
144:
133:
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2515:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2421:
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2084:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1978:Sperrbrecher
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1884:
1881:1 June 1942:
1873:
1870:1 June 1937:
1862:
1851:
1840:
1829:
1818:
1807:
1790:
1784:
1768:
1762:
1759:German Cross
1701:
1694:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1652:PBY Catalina
1643:
1641:
1631:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1546:Kriegsmarine
1545:
1541:
1540:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1474:ships under
1472:Vichy French
1467:
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1415:
1413:
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1125:
1123:
1118:
1109:Third patrol
1084:
1072:
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1062:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1032:surfaced in
1029:
1024:
1018:
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1000:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
961:
952:
942:
937:
934:oil refinery
923:
922:of U-boats (
917:
907:
812:, where two
805:
784:
770:
764:
759:
755:
753:
750:First patrol
727:
714:German Cross
705:
698:
694:
690:
683:
678:
672:
653:
648:
639:World War II
618:
612:
607:
604:
599:Kriegsmarine
597:
594:Reichsmarine
593:
586:Adolf Hitler
569:
564:
555:
538:
532:
527:
519:
514:
498:Reichsmarine
496:
494:
485:
478:matriculated
467:
464:confirmation
445:
436:PBY Catalina
427:
421:
411:
394:
376:Reichsmarine
374:
368:
350:
343:World War II
338:
337:
301:World War II
299:
293:
288:
283:Battles/wars
275:
269:
263:
251:
248:torpedo boat
242:
235:
226:
219:
204:
187:Kriegsmarine
175:Reichsmarine
155:Nazi Germany
69:
64:(1943-03-08)
62:8 March 1943
18:
2897:1943 deaths
2892:1908 births
2728:Gwasg Gomer
2598:Blair, Clay
2433:17 November
1976:pathfinder—
1596:Quebec City
1592:Quebec City
1583:Quebec City
1579:Quebec City
1571:Quebec City
1351:ocean liner
1340:Cape Palmas
1328:West Africa
1151:along with
1081:Eagle Beach
940:along with
885: /
845: /
780:BrunsbĂĽttel
724:Karl Dönitz
629:in Bronze (
547:World War I
387:during the
289:See battles
110: /
2886:Categories
2852:Hans Marks
2831:Georg Waue
2715:B003VHSRKE
2690:B003VHSRKE
2520:Jones 1999
2484:Jones 1999
2460:Jones 1999
2316:Blair 1998
2277:Jones 1999
2017:Jones 1999
1987:References
1797:Promotions
1733:Iron Cross
1682:Ernst Kals
1514:, Africa.
1364:Clay Blair
1359:deflection
1312:Casablanca
1310:, west of
1201:Martinique
1075:which was
1063:At 03:13,
1054:Oranjestad
1042:Pedernales
1038:Pedernales
1025:Oranjestad
1019:Pedernales
972:. Besides
891: (
851: (
778:, passing
582:Nazi Party
503:Baltic Sea
131:Allegiance
116: (
46:1908-02-27
2876:Biography
2508:Röll 2011
2496:Röll 2011
2472:Röll 2011
2448:Röll 2011
2405:Röll 2011
2393:Röll 2011
2381:Röll 2011
2369:Röll 2011
2357:Röll 2011
2340:Röll 2011
2328:Röll 2011
2304:Röll 2011
2292:Röll 2011
2265:Röll 2011
2253:Röll 2011
2224:Röll 2011
2212:Röll 2011
2200:Röll 2011
2188:Röll 2011
2176:Röll 2011
2164:Röll 2011
2152:Röll 2011
2140:Röll 2011
2104:Röll 2011
2089:Röll 2011
2029:Röll 2011
2005:Röll 2011
1992:Citations
1954:Abteilung
1808:Seekadett
1698:Ken Duken
1575:Cape Town
1510:, out of
1480:U.S. Army
1476:Red Cross
1460:lifeboats
1451:Capellini
1130:USS
1050:crude oil
1046:amidships
829:51°04.3′N
716:in Gold (
660:North Sea
521:Seekadett
507:Stralsund
454:, then a
393:RMS
364:destroyer
196:1928–1943
2799:Archives
2707:Ratingen
2682:Ratingen
2649:(2000).
2600:(1998).
1675:Trinidad
1656:Barbados
1567:Freetown
1508:Annamite
1447:and the
1256:incident
1205:Blakeley
1132:Blakeley
1119:Blakeley
1085:Arkansas
1073:Arkansas
1044:was hit
1017:SS
920:wolfpack
802:Hebrides
794:Cuxhaven
710:Type IXC
691:Seeadler
673:Seeadler
666:and the
526:cruiser
448:Vogtland
414:incident
369:Born in
264:Seeadler
259:Commands
241:cruiser
225:cruiser
161:Service/
79:Barbados
2533:Laconia
2425:at the
1735:(1939)
1690:Lorient
1523:Laconia
1519:Laconia
1416:Laconia
1369:Laconia
1332:Liberia
1275:" and "
1268:Laconia
1262:U-156's
1254:Laconia
1165:Reserve
1163:of the
1098:tampion
1077:berthed
970:Curaçao
902:in the
872:13°32′W
869:53°24′N
832:11°04′W
810:Rockall
744:Lorient
736:Stettin
480:at the
458:of the
450:of the
412:Laconia
405:of the
395:Laconia
97:54°39′W
94:12°38′N
2862:Portal
2805:
2780:
2757:
2734:
2713:
2688:
2661:
2635:
2612:
2540:
1769:Jaguar
1715:Awards
1670:Barney
1503:Gloire
1486:bomber
1069:Texaco
695:Jaguar
679:Jaguar
649:Jaguar
556:Meteor
469:Abitur
403:bomber
371:Plauen
347:U-boat
327:Awards
270:Jaguar
236:Meteor
184:
172:
163:branch
152:
140:
85:Buried
77:, off
53:Plauen
2796:[
2772:[
2749:[
2701:[
2676:[
2653:[
2627:[
1916:U-156
1912:Metox
1907:U-156
1894:Notes
1791:U-156
1664:U-156
1660:U-156
1646:were
1644:U-156
1632:U-156
1599:'
1587:U-156
1563:U-156
1542:U-156
1512:Dakar
1498:U-156
1468:U-507
1464:U-506
1456:U-156
1445:U-507
1441:U-506
1432:U-507
1427:U-156
1407:U-459
1397:U-506
1387:U-507
1355:U-156
1324:U-156
1301:U-156
1283:U-156
1245:U-156
1237:U-546
1231:U-151
1216:U-156
1193:U-156
1187:U-156
1179:U-156
1153:U-502
1149:U-156
1126:U-156
1065:U-156
1058:U-156
1030:U-156
1013:U-156
1001:U-161
991:U-129
982:U-502
974:U-156
966:Aruba
953:U-502
938:U-156
908:U-156
806:U-156
785:U-135
771:U-753
760:U-156
756:U-156
728:U-156
706:U-156
682:with
619:Greif
608:Greif
539:Emden
528:Emden
515:Niobe
488:) in
476:. He
430:were
428:U-156
351:U-156
276:U-156
252:Greif
227:Emden
220:Niobe
70:U-156
2803:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2732:ISBN
2711:ASIN
2686:ASIN
2659:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2538:IMDb
2435:2011
1668:USS
1634:sunk
1404:and
1347:port
1334:and
1288:U-68
1266:RMS
1234:and
1183:U-66
1181:and
1170:U-66
1022:and
998:and
980:and
978:U-67
968:and
950:and
943:U-67
768:and
765:U-87
708:, a
578:Kiel
576:and
570:Köln
565:Köln
243:Köln
218:SSS
214:Unit
201:Rank
59:Died
40:Born
2536:at
1688:at
1344:aft
1305:SS
1279:".
1260:On
1225:U-6
1143:OKW
1079:at
742:at
734:at
505:in
2888::
2730:.
2608:.
2420:.
2347:^
2284:^
2231:^
2096:^
2051:^
2036:^
1706:.
1443:,
1394:,
1240:.
1228:,
1008:.
984:,
976:,
936:.
906:.
804:,
602:.
366:.
73:,
2864::
2811:.
2786:.
2763:.
2740:.
2717:.
2692:.
2667:.
2641:.
2618:.
2437:.
1552:(
1488:(
895:)
855:)
816:(
484:(
120:)
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
