22:
213:
184:
of the burden of a 160 tunnes arrived at Point-Comfort, the
Comandors name Capt Jope, his Pilott for the West Indies one Mr Marmaduke an Englishman. They mett with the Treasurer in the West Indyes, and determined to hold consort shipp hetherward, but in their passage lost one the other. He brought
618:
106:
were probably among the thousands who had been captured in 1618-1619 by a slave raiding force primarily consisting of
African raiders, under nominal Portuguese leadership, who were at war with the
283:
394:
436:
73:
366:
682:
460:
Maura, Juan
Francisco (2002). "Nuevas interpretaciones sobre las aventuras de Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Esteban de Dorantes, y Fray Marcos de Niza".
291:
418:
351:
316:
Cameron, Guy, and
Stephen Vermette; Vermette, Stephen (2012). "The Role of Extreme Cold in the Failure of the San Miguel de Gualdape Colony".
702:
481:"Enslavement by the Indians Themselves, Chapter 1 in Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States"
83:
on the South
Carolina and Georgia coasts. Some escaped and are thought to have joined Native Americans, if they survived. In 1527,
145:(present-day Mexico). The two ships captured and divided part of the Portuguese ship's African captives, under the aegis of Dutch
79:
The first enslaved
Africans in the current boundaries of the United States landed in 1526 in the expedition of Spanish explorer
692:
687:
645:
667:
540:
198:
567:
Thornton, John (July 1998). "The
African Experience of the "20. and Odd Negroes" Arriving in Virginia in 1619".
201:, named after a Virginian planter, was the first recorded person of African ancestry born in English America.
80:
437:"Perspective - Everyone is talking about 1619. But that's not actually when slavery in America started"
169:
55:
26:
157:
captain John Colyn Jope sailed for the
Virginia colony to sell the African captives, first landing in
150:
697:
173:
506:
Gallay, Alan (2009). "Introduction: Indian
Slavery in Historical Context". In Gallay, Alan (ed.).
257:
672:
96:
345:
227:
88:
677:
69:
8:
492:
197:, two of the indentured servants, Isabella and Anthony, married and had a child in 1624.
189:(whereof he was in greate need as he pretended) at the best and easyest rates they could.
533:
Creating Black
Americans: African-American history and its meanings, 1619 to the present
395:"Slavery took hold in Florida under the Spanish in the 'forgotten century' of 1492-1619"
584:
412:
333:
185:
not any thing but 20. and odd Negroes, which the Governor and Cape Marchant bought for
59:
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641:
546:
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325:
158:
107:
91:. Enslaved Africans were also part of the Spanish expedition to Florida in 1539 with
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146:
92:
51:
507:
367:"'1619 Project' ignores fact that slaves were present in Florida decades before"
130:
48:
661:
329:
218:
110:. These particular enslaved Africans were taken on the Portuguese slave ship
550:
606:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 243.
21:
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181:
165:
84:
393:
Francis, J. Michael, Gary Mormino and Rachel Sanderson (2019-08-29).
142:
64:
44:
580:
138:
638:
Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America, 1619-1962
115:
231:, the last known slave ship to bring slaves to North America.
284:"400 years ago, enslaved Africans first arrived in Virginia"
562:
560:
186:
512:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 1–32
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in New England. Though the African captives were sold as
557:
251:
249:
247:
245:
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The Records of the Virginia Company of London, Volume 3
595:
16:
Privateer which brought the first Africans to Virginia
535:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24.
242:
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slavery in the colonial history of the United States
118:, capital of the Portuguese settlements in Angola.
629:
659:
434:
168:, secretary of the colony of Virginia, wrote to
87:, an enslaved Moor, participated in the Spanish
72:, the event is regarded as the start of African
315:
275:
485:Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law
640:(2017 ed.). BN Publishing. p. 30.
505:
499:
417:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
350:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
281:
282:Fanto Deetz, Dr. Kelley (13 August 2019).
62:in 1619, a year before the arrival of the
25:A 1901 illustration of the landing of the
683:Pre-emancipation African-American history
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180:About the latter end of August, a Dutch
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435:Torres-Spelliscy, Ciara (2019-08-23).
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311:
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256:McCartney, Martha (8 October 2019).
125:, along with another privateer, the
703:First arrivals in the United States
602:Kingsbury, Susan Myra, ed. (1933).
33:is seen anchored in the background.
13:
509:Indian Slavery in Colonial America
306:
14:
714:
318:The Georgia Historical Quarterly
211:
619:"WILLIAM TUCKER (1624- ?)"
610:
161:, in modern-day Hampton Roads.
569:The William and Mary Quarterly
479:Lauber, Almon Wheeler (1913).
462:Revista de Estudios Hispánicos
453:
1:
693:Slavery in the British Empire
688:1619 in the Thirteen Colonies
531:Painter, Nell Irvin. (2006).
235:
636:Bennett, Lerone Jr. (1962).
365:Parker, Susan (2019-08-24).
7:
617:Evan Wade (16 April 2014).
258:"Virginia's First Africans"
204:
95:, and the 1565 founding of
10:
719:
170:Virginia Company of London
27:first Africans in Virginia
193:After being sold off the
151:Maurice, Prince of Orange
137:on its way to modern-day
668:Angolan-American history
81:Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón
191:
97:St. Augustine, Florida
34:
262:Encyclopedia Virginia
178:
141:on the Gulf coast of
24:
371:St. Augustine Record
294:on December 21, 2019
102:The Africans on the
493:Columbia University
288:National Geographic
70:indentured servants
133:, intercepted the
89:Narváez expedition
60:colony of Virginia
54:which brought the
47:operating under a
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647:978-1-68411-534-1
147:letters of marque
135:São João Bautista
112:São João Bautista
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182:man of Warr
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404:2019-12-06
376:2019-12-06
236:References
195:White Lion
172:treasurer
166:John Rolfe
155:White Lion
123:White Lion
104:White Lion
85:Estevanico
40:White Lion
31:White Lion
413:cite news
330:0016-8297
187:victualls
143:New Spain
127:Treasurer
65:Mayflower
45:privateer
551:57722517
516:March 8,
495:: 25–48.
338:23622193
228:Clotilda
205:See also
139:Veracruz
589:2674531
571:. 3rd.
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29:. The
585:JSTOR
491:(3).
334:JSTOR
149:from
114:from
49:Dutch
642:ISBN
547:OCLC
537:ISBN
518:2017
419:link
352:link
326:ISSN
300:2020
269:2020
121:The
37:The
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164:As
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