1858:. Like its 2010 antecessor, it surveyed Mexican citizens about topics related to discrimination and collected data related to phenotype and ethnic self-identification. It concluded that Mexico is still a fairly conservative country regarding minority groups such as religious minorities, ethnic minorities, foreigners and members of the LGBT community. Albeit there's pronounced regional differences, with states in the south-center regions of Mexico having in general notoriously higher discrimination rates towards the aforementioned social groups than the ones states in the western-north regions have. For the collecting of data related to skin color the palette used was again the PERLA one. This time 11% of Mexicans were reported to have "dark skin tones (A-E)" 59% to have "medium skin tones (F-G)" and 28% to have "light skin tones (H-K)". The reason for the huge difference regarding the reported percentages of Mexicans with light skin (around 18% lower) and medium skin (around 16% higher) in the relation to previous nationwide surveys lies in the fact that the ENADIS 2017 prioritized the surveying of Mexicans from "vulnerable groups" which among other measures meant that states with known high numbers of people from said groups surveyed more people. In 2023, the 2022 edition of the ENADIS by the INEGI was published, this time 29.2% of Mexicans were reported to belong to the group of the "lightest skin tones (H-K)" 49.7% were reported to belong to "medium skin tones (F-G)" and 21.1% reported to belong to "Dark skin tones (A-E)." On a similar manner to its predecesor, the survey was conducted with special attention on disadvantegaed social groups, meaning that states with a known higher presence of such groups conducted more surveys proportionally.
1541:, the official identity promoted by the government for non-indigenous Mexicans has been the Mestizo one (a mix of European and indigenous culture and heritage). Established with the original intent of eliminating divisions and creating a unified identity that would allow Mexico to modernize and integrate with the international community, this policy has not been able to achieve its goal. It is speculated that this is due to the identity's own internal contradictions, as it includes in the same theoretical race people who, in daily interactions, do not consider each other to be of the same race and have little in common biologically, with some of them being entirely Indigenous, others entirely European, and including also Africans and Asians. Today, there is no definitive census that quantifies Mexico's white population, with estimates from the Mexican government raging from 27% to 47%, with this figure being based on phenotypical traits instead of self-identification of ancestry. The lack of a clear dividing line between white and mixed race Mexicans has made the concept of race relatively fluid, with descent being more of a determining factor than biological traits. Even though there is a large variation in phenotypes among Mexicans, European looks are still strongly preferred in Mexican society, with lighter skin receiving more positive attention, as it is associated with higher social class, power, money, and modernity. In contrast, Indigenous ancestry is often associated with having an inferior social class, as well as lower levels of education. These distinctions are strongest in
588:. Each author gives different estimations for each racial group in the country, although they don't vary much, with Europeans ranging from 18% to 22% of New Spain's population, Mestizos ranging from 21% to 25%, Indians ranging from 51% to 61% and Africans being between 6,000 and 10,000, The estimations given for the total population range from 3,799,561 to 6,122,354. It is concluded then, that across nearly three centuries of colonization, the population growth trends of whites and mestizos were even, while the total percentage of the indigenous population decreased at a rate of 13%-17% per century. The authors assert that rather than whites and mestizos having higher birthrates, the reason for the indigenous population's numbers decreasing lies on them suffering of higher mortality rates, due living in remote locations rather than on cities and towns founded by the Spanish colonists or being at war with them. It is also for these reasons that the number of Indigenous Mexicans presents the greater variation range between publications, as in cases their numbers in a given location were estimated rather than counted, leading to possible overestimations in some provinces and possible underestimations in others.
1919:
classification being up to the criteria of the interviewers who is claimed, were trained for the task. It is stated that, in order to obtain stable results and prevent inconsistencies regarding who belongs to a given category, additional phenotypical traits besides the respondents' skin color were considered, such as the presence of blond hair in the case of individuals that were to be classified in the "White" category, because "unlike skin color, hair color does not darken with exposure to sunlight." It is indeed claimed within the study that out of the three color categories used, the percentages obtained for the "White" one through the three waves of interviews were the most consistent. According to the results of the study, the average percentage of
Mexicans who were classified as "White" per the presence of blond hair was 18.8%, with the Northeast and Northwest regions having the highest frequencies at 23.9% and 22.3% respectively, followed by the Center region with 21.3%, the Center-West region with 18.4% and finally the South region with 11.9%. The study makes the clarification that
532:. When the war ended in 1821, the new Mexican government expelled the peninsulares (approximately 10,000 – 20,000 people) in the 1820s and 1830s which, to a degree, kept the European ethnicity from growing as a percentage; this expulsion, however, did not lead to any permanent ban on European immigrants, even from Spain. Independence did not end the economic and social privilege based on race, as the Criollos took over from those of Spanish birth. A division between "Spanish" and "indigenous" remained, with Criollos distinguishing themselves from the rest of society as the guardians of Spanish culture as well as the Catholic religion. However, due to the abolition of the caste system, the division became more about money and social class and less about biological differences, which increased the possibilities of social mobility for Mestizo and Indigenous Mexicans. For this reason, many of the political and cultural struggles of the latter 19th and early 20th centuries would be between the Criollos and the Mestizos.
2931:
Mexican attitude that "whiter was better" and keep themselves separate from the non-European population of the host country. This and their status as foreigners offered them considerable social and economic advantages, blunting any inclination to assimilate. There was little incentive to integrate with the general
Mexican population and when they did, it was limited to the criollo and mestizo upper class, failing to produce the "whitening" effect desired. For this reason, one can find non–Spanish surnames, especially in Mexico City and Guadalajara. Even in the cases when generalized mixing did occur, such as with the Cornish miners in Hidalgo state around Pachuca and Real de Monte, their cultural influence remains strong. In these areas, English style houses can be found, the signature dish is the "paste" a variation of the Cornish pasty and they ended up introducing
4358:, pp. 109–110: "To make matters worse, the few Germans, Italians and other Europeans who did reach our shores also did not mix in large numbers with the Mexican population, and even less so with the indigenous people, whom they were supposed to make disappear with the superior powers of Mexico: its race. In fact, they founded regional enclaves where they married preferentially among themselves, as the Creoles and the indigenous had traditionally done. The historian Moisés González Navarro studied the population censuses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which allow us to know more accurately the behavior of the population than in previous periods. Contrary to what the mestizaje legend would have us believe, he found that informal marriages and unions between white men and indigenous women, or any other combination, hardly existed.2"
1596:
such as skin color. In discourses and investigations regarding problematics such as racism, it has opted for splitting
Mexicans into "light-skinned Mexicans" and "dark-skinned Mexicans" rather than "White Mexicans" and "Mestizo Mexicans" albeit it must be considered that in Mexican society, the terms "Light complexion/skin" and "White complexion/skin" are synonyms and tend to be used interchangeably. Other studies made by independent institutions often use the presence of light hair colors (particularly blond) to calculate Mexico's white population; however, to use such features to delineate said ethnic group results in an underestimation of its numbers as not all of Europe's native populations have those traits. Similarly, not only people with those phenotypical features are considered to be white by the majority of Mexican society.
1654:(white). The questionnaire included as choices other words that are colloquially used to refer to white people in Mexico such as "güero" (informal for white), "claro" (clear), "aperlado" (pearly) and other words that may or may not refer to a white person depending on the case, such as "quemadito" (burnt), "bronceado" (tanned), "apiñonado" (spiced), "amarillo" (yellow) and "canela" (cinnamon). Further complicating the situation, several words used specifically for brown skin also appear as choices such as "café" (brown), "negro" (black), "chocolate", "oscuro" (dark), "prieto" (also dark) and "trigueño" (another word for brown). The word "moreno" itself has a very wide definition in Spanish and has no specific racial connotations, being used equally to define light-skinned people with dark hair as to define people of African ancestry.
4609:"The Hispanos generally resemble other Hispanic and Mexican-American groups while having a somewhat higher proportion of European blood than the rest. Genetics research has also confirmed the harshly one-sided nature of the admixture. By paying special attention to the Y-chromosome and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), scientists proved that the genetic exchange in the early years of New Mexico was almost entirely between Spanish males and Indian females." "The Y chromosome of Hispano men is hardly Native American at all, while their mtDNA is about 85 percent Indian. Again, the former represents fatherhood, the latter motherhood. The skew between the two means that mating happened in one direction. It means that Indian men and Spanish women were largely on the sidelines when the admixture between Spanish men and Indian women occurred."
2994:. Legal vestiges of attempts to "whiten" the population ended with the 1947 "Ley General de Población" along with the blurring of the lines between most of Mexico immigrant colonies and the general population. This blurring was hastened by the rise of a Mexican middle class, who enrolled their children in schools for foreigners and foreign organizations such as the German Club having a majority of Mexican members. However, this assimilation still has been mostly limited to Mexico's white peoples. Mass culture promoted the Spanish language and most other European languages have declined and almost disappeared. Restrictive immigration policies since the 1970s have further pushed the assimilation process. Despite all of the aforementioned pressure, as of 2013 Mexico is the country with most international immigrants in the world.
4581:"Both studies have revealed a pattern of directional mating in this population, an asymmetric interaction between Spanish males and Native American females, much like in other Hispanic populations of Latin America (Green et al. 2000; Carvajal-Carmona et al. 2000, 2003; Rodriguez-Delfin et al. 2001). During the conquest and colonization of America the immigration of women from the Iberian Peninsula was significantly lower than that of men, so European males frequently took native women as wives or partners (Morner, 1967). After the initial directional contact between European and Native American populations it seems likely that the admixed group became mostly endogamic, which would explain the high levels of Native American mtDNA (Merriwether et al. 1997)."
472:(as people born in the colonies to Spanish parents were called until the beginning of the 20th century) would favor for marriage other Spanish immigrants even if they were of a less privileged economic class than them, as to preserve the Spanish lineage and customs was seen as the top priority. Once Mexico achieved its independence and immigration from European countries other than Spain became accepted, the criollos did the same, and sought to assimilate the new European immigrants into the overwhelmingly Spanish-origin white Mexican population, as the yearly immigration rate of Europeans to Mexico never exceeded 2% in relation to the country's total population, assimilation of the new immigrants was easy and Mexican hyphenated identities never appeared.
1831:"Indigenous", "Mestizo", "White", “Black” or "Other"). While the results of questions directly related to race were published, the percentage of Mexicans who identified with each race was not. Also included in the survey was a color palette (the same as the one used in the PERLA project: composed of 11 different tones with "A" being the darkest and "K" being the lightest) so a person could choose what color the skin of his/her face was. The percentage of Mexicans that identified with each skin color was not included in the main MMSI document but unlike racial composition it was made public through other official publications. The study's results received significant media coverage, which led to discussions about concepts including
2902:
various areas of commerce and industry. Many were not immigrants, but rather "trade conquistadors" who remained in Mexico only long enough to make their fortunes to return to their home countries to retire. This led Diaz to nationalize industries dominated by foreigners such as trains, which caused many trade conquistadors to leave. In
January 1883, the government signed a law to promote the Irish, German and French immigration to Mexico, this time with fewer restrictions, resulting in the arrival of relatively more conventional immigrants and their families. Up to 1914, 10,000 French settled in Mexico, alongside other 100,000 Europeans. Despite being the most violent conflict in Mexico's history, the
1514:
highest percentages of population that self-identifies as
Indigenous and the highest percentages of Amerindian genetic ancestry. However this is not the case when it comes to European Mexicans, as there are instances on which states that have been shown to have a considerably high European ancestry per scientific research are reported to have very small white populations in the 1921 census, with the most extreme case being that of the state of Durango, where the aforementioned census asserts that only 0.01% of the state's population (33 persons) self-identified as "white" while modern scientific research shows that the population of Durango has similar genetic frequencies to those found on
390:
1587:, sometimes even when the person is not light-skinned. In this instance it is used to initiate a kind of familiarity, but in cases where social/racial tensions are relatively high, it can have the opposite effect. However contemporary sociologists and historians agree that, given that the concept of "race" has a psychological foundation rather than a biological one and to society's eyes a Mestizo with a high percentage of European ancestry is considered "white" and a Mestizo with a high percentage of Indigenous ancestry is considered "Indian," a person who identifies with a given ethnic group should be allowed to, even if biologically doesn't completely belong to that group.
3064:
570:
2943:. The main colony is in the Valle de Guadalupe and locally known as the Colonia Rusa near the town of Francisco Zarco. Other smaller colonies include San Antonio, Mision del Orno and Punta Banda. There are an estimated 1,000 descendants of these immigrants in Mexico, nearly all of whom have intermarried. The original settlements are now under the preservation of the Mexican government and have become tourist attractions. This region also experienced concentrated waves of modern European immigration during the 20th century such as Italian and French, and the culture of the region reflects its lack of indigenous admixture. European rooted holidays like
476:
3124:
1642:
supposition that the high difference reported between males and females is due to the "frequently racist publicity in media and due to racial prejudices in Mexico's society which shuns dark skin in favor of light skin, thus making women think that white is beautiful," stating that men are more likely to recognize their real skin color. A subsequent question in the same survey asks
Mexicans to evaluate, from 0 to 10, how comfortable they are with their skin color, with the average score being 9.4 out of 10. Furthermore, there is scientific research proving that human females tend to have lighter skin than their male counterparts.
950:
2919:
4705:"Thus the observed frequency of Native American mtDNA in Mexican/Mexican Americans is higher than was expected on the basis of autosomal estimates of Native American admixture for these populations i.e. ~ 30-46% . The difference is indicative of directional mating involving preferentially immigrant men and Native American women. This type of genetic asymmetry has been observed in other populations, including Brazilian individuals of African ancestry, as the analysis of sex specific and autosomal markers has revealed evidence for substantial European admixture that was mediated mostly through men ."
1843:. The study concluded that Mexicans with medium ("F" tone) and darker skin tones have in average lower profile occupations than Mexicans with lighter skin tones. Also stated is that Mexicans with lighter skin tones (lighter than "F") have higher levels of academic achievement. The study also points out that out of the 4 racial categories used in the study, that of Indigenous Mexicans is the one that shows the highest percentage of positive social mobility (meaning that a person is better off than his/her parents were) while White Mexicans are the ones who have the lowest positive social mobility.
1527:
3106:
3050:
3303:
2998:
4782:"Results are reported in table 2 and indicate higher total Native American ancestry for LA Latinos and Mexicans (45% and 44%, respectively) than for Brazilians and Colombians (18% and 19%, respectively), which is in line with previous studies.21,22 We also observed uniformly higher Native American ancestry on the X chromosome (57% for LA Latinos, 54% for Mexicans, 33% for Brazilians, and 27% for Colombians), which is consistent with evidence of predominantly European patrilineal and Native American matrilineal ancestry in Latino populations.22"
3078:
1966:
blood groups can give an approximate idea of the amount of foreign influence there is in each state that has been analyzed. The results of this studies however, shouldn't be taken as exact, literal estimations for the percentages of different ethnic groups that there may be in Mexico (I.E. A+B blood groups = percentage of White
Mexicans) for reasons such as the fact that a Mestizo Mexican can have "A", "B" etc. blood types or the fact that the "O" blood type does exist in Europe, with it having a frequency of 44% in Spain for example.
1905:
1549:
3167:
instead of racial self-identification or a phenotype-based selection there are studies on which populations who are considered to be
Indigenous per virtue of the language spoken show a higher degree of European genetic admixture than the one populations considered to be Mestizo report in other studies. The opposite also happens, as there instances on which populations considered to be Mestizo show genetic frequencies very similar to continental European peoples in the case of Mestizos from the state of
3092:
1600:
3043:, one of the country's top academic institutions. Sixty-seven percent of Latin America's English-speaking population lives in Mexico. Most of these are American nationals, with an influx of people from the U.S. coming to live in Mexico since the 1930s, becoming the largest group of foreigners in the country since then. However, most Americans in Mexico are not immigrants in the traditional sense, as they are there living as retirees or otherwise do not consider themselves permanent residents.
2840:
452:) being the most privileged, followed by criollos, then Mestizos, then the indigenous and finally the Africans. Nonetheless, the system was not completely rigid and elements such as social class, social relations and who a person descended from did figure into it. However, the notion of "Spanishness" would remain at the top and "Indianness" would be at the bottom, with those mixed being somewhere in the middle. This idea remained officially in force through the rest of the colonial period.
359:. Some scholars challenge this narrative, citing church and census records that indicate interracial unions in Mexico were rare among all groups. These records also dispute other academic narratives, such as the idea that European immigrants were predominantly male or that "pure Spanish" individuals formed a small elite. In fact, Spaniards were often the most numerous ethnic group in colonial cities and there were menial workers and people in poverty who were of full Spanish origin.
556:) first ever nationwide population census, of it, only part of the original datasets survive, thus most of what is known of it comes from essays made by researchers who back in the day used the census' findings as reference for their own works. More than a century would pass until the Mexican government conducted a new racial census in 1921 (some sources assert that the census of 1895 included a comprehensive racial classification, however according to the historic archives of
962:
1921 census' final results in regards to race, which assert that 59.3% of the
Mexican population self-identified as Mestizo, 29.1% as Indigenous and only 9.8% as White were then essential to cement the "mestizaje" ideology (that asserts that the Mexican population as a whole is product of the admixture of all races) which shaped Mexican identity and culture through the 20th century and remain prominent nowadays, with extraofficial international publications such as
3027:
three-quarters of Mexico's roughly one million documented foreigners, up from around two-thirds in 2000. Nowadays, more people originally from United States have been added to the population of Mexico than
Mexicans have been added to the population of the United States, according to government data in both nations. Immigration was restricted by governments after Diaz's but never stopped entirely during the 20th century. Between 1937 and 1948, more than 18,000
1646:
99:
3289:
8173:
3163:, this particular statement having received considerable media exposure through the years to the dismay of scientists from the aforementioned institute, who have complained about the study being misinterpreted by the press as it wasn't meant to represent Mexico's population as a whole. According to the methodology of the aforementioned study, the institute only recruited people who explicitly self-identified as Mestizos.
109:
9030:
2955:
27:
3183:
972:
marriages between people of different continental ancestries in colonial and early independent Mexico. It is claimed that the "mestizaje" process sponsored by the state was more "cultural than biological" which resulted in the numbers of the Mestizo Mexican group being inflated at the expense of the identity of other races. Controversies aside, this census constituted the last time the
505:
commonly heard, New Spain became very attractive only for Europeans who filled these profiles and their families, which in the end resulted on the country getting relatively less European immigration, is also because of the aforementioned reasons that the majority of Spanish immigrants who arrived to the country were from the northern regions of Spain, mainly
3023:
new opportunities. For example, during the last quarter of 2012, a number of 7,630 work permits were granted to Spaniards. Other Southern Europeans joined the Spaniards in the 2010s by finding better work opportunities in Mexico with thousands of Italians, Portuguese, French and Greeks finding professional opportunities along with the Spaniards in Mexico.
1939:
prevalence in newborns from private hospitals, which generally cater to families with higher socioeconomic status. The Mongolian spot appears with a very high frequency (85-95%) in Asian, Native American and African children. The skin lesion reportedly almost always appears on South American and Mexican children who are racially
2852:
encourage the arrival of additional European immigrants. One of these efforts was the dispossession of large tracts of land from the Catholic Church with the aim of selling them to immigrants and others who would develop them. However, this did not have the desired effect mostly because of political instability. The
584:) first ever nationwide population census. Most of its original datasets have reportedly been lost; thus most of what is known about it nowadays comes from essays and field investigations made by academics who had access to the census data and used it as reference for their works such as Prussian geographer
1518:(with the state's Indigenous population showing almost no foreign admixture either). Various authors theorize that the reason for these inconsistencies may lie in the Mestizo identity promoted by the Mexican government, which reportedly led to people who are not biologically Mestizos to identify as such.
317:
group at 15% using as base the results of the 1921 census which is admitted, may be innacurate. Other historians have also questioned the accuracy of the 1921 census' results, with independent research in 2008 and 2010 also suggesting that Mexicans may not identify in the way the 1921 census indicate.
1965:
The following tables (the first from a study published in 2002 and the second from a study published in 2018) show the frequencies of different blood types in various Mexican cities and states, as Mexico's Amerindian/Indigenous population exclusively exhibits the "O" blood type, the presence of other
1595:
Contrary to popular belief, Mexico's government does conduct ethnic censuses on which a Mexican has the choice of identifying as "White". The results, however, remain unpublished. Instead, the Mexican government publishes results regarding the frequencies of different phenotypical traits in Mexicans,
542:
using them as a reference to estimate Mexico's racial composition up to this day, more recently, Mexican academics have subjected them to scrutiny, claiming that such a drastic alteration of demographic trends is not possible and cite, among other statistics, the relatively low frequency of marriages
371:
of Spanish males and Native American females, how pronounced said gender asymmetry was varies considerably depending on the study. The Native American maternal contribution figures range from 90% to 59%, while research on the X chromosome shows less variation, with the reported Native American female
1513:
When the 1921 census's results are compared with the results of Mexico's recent censuses as well as with modern genetic research, high consistence is found in regards to the distribution of Indigenous Mexicans across the country, with states located in south and south-eastern Mexico having both, the
935:
Regardless of the possible imprecisions related to the counting of Indigenous peoples living outside of the colonized areas, the effort that New Spain's authorities put on considering them as subjects is worth mentioning, as censuses made by other colonial or post-colonial countries did not consider
7199:
Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Villalobos-Torres, Maria C.; Barrera-Saldaña, Hugo A.; Cortés-Prieto, Lizette M.; Barajas, Leticia O.; Rivas, Fernando; Carracedo, Angel; Zhong, Yixi; Barton, Sara A.; Chakraborty, Ranajit (March 2002). "Genetic admixture in three mexican mestizo populations based on D1S80
3026:
Since 2000, Mexico's economic growth has increased international migration to the country, including people of European descent who leave their countries (particularly France and Spain) in the search of better work opportunities. People from the United States have moved too, now making up more than
459:
countries such as the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. However, this ruling is less blanket fact and more of a consequence due to Mexico's enormous population. Regardless, Mexico ranks 3rd behind Brazil and Argentina for European immigration in Latin America with its culture owing a great deal
3166:
The Mestizaje ideology, which has blurred the lines of race at an institutional level has also had a significant influence in genetic studies done in Mexico. As the criteria used in studies to determine if a Mexican is Mestizo or indigenous often lies in cultural traits such as the language spoken
3022:
in modern Mexico include Mexican parents choosing English given names for their kids, due to the desire to be associated with the United States. Due to the 2008 Financial Crisis and the resulting economic decline and high unemployment in Spain, many Spaniards have been emigrating to Mexico to seek
2989:
state. By the late 1920s, almost 10,000 had arrived from both Canada and Europe. Today, Mexico accounts for about 42% of all Mennonites in Latin America with 115,000 practicing Mennonites accounted for. Mennonites in the country especially stand out within their rural surroundings because of their
2930:
By the end of the Second World War, Americans, British, French, Germans and Spanish were the most conspicuous Europeans in Mexico but their presence was limited to urban areas, especially Mexico City, living in enclaves and involved in business. These European immigrants would quickly adapt to the
1892:
in Mexicans was of 18.5% and 28.5% respectively, making Mexico the country with the second-highest frequency of blond hair in the study. Despite this, the European ancestry estimated for Mexicans is also the second-lowest of all countries included, the reason behind such discrepancy may lie in the
1653:
Besides the visual identification of skin color, the same survey asked Mexicans how they would refer to their skin color. The press report by CONAPRED remarks that six out of ten people considered themselves to be "moreno" (dark-skinned) and only one out of ten considered their skin to be "blanco"
961:
Made right after the consummation of the Mexican revolution, the social context on which this census was made makes it particularly unique, as the government of the time was in the process of rebuilding the country and was looking forward to unite all Mexicans under a single national identity. The
2901:
By the mid-19th century, between Europeans and ethnically European Americans and Canadians, there were only 30,000 to 40,000 European immigrants in Mexico, compared to an overall population of over eight million, but their impact was strongly felt as they came to dominate the textile industry and
1621:
population, with the majority of the people not having native admixture or being of predominantly European ancestry. In the north and west of Mexico the indigenous tribes were substantially smaller and unlike those found in central and southern Mexico they were mostly nomadic, therefore remaining
316:
Estimates of Mexico's "White" population vary significantly due to the different methodologies used. Unofficial sources such as the World Factbook or Latinobarómetro, suggest a white population of just 10%. A 2005 study by a professor of the National Autonomous University of Mexico estimated said
312:
reporting results that range from 27% to 47% and 49% respectively. The term "Light-skinned Mexican" is preferred by both the government and media to describe individuals in Mexico who possess European physical traits when discussing ethno-racial dynamics. However, "White Mexican" is still used at
2877:
of that territory. This precautions meant that the government had more success luring investors than permanent residents, even in rural areas despite government programs. No more than forty foreign farming colonies were ever formed during this time and of these only a few Italian and German ones
2830:
Both studies find similar trends regarding the distribution of different blood groups, with foreign blood groups being more common in the North and Western regions of Mexico, which is congruent with the findings of genetic studies that have been made in the country through the years and could be
1938:
A study performed in hospitals of Mexico City suggests that socioeconomic factors influence the frequency of Mongolian spots among newborns, as evidenced by the higher prevalence of 85% in newborns from a public institution, typically associated with lower socioeconomic status, compared to a 33%
1641:
ancestry suffer in the hands of a society that favors light-skinned, European-looking Mexicans. In the press release of said report, CONAPRED stated that 47% of Mexicans (54% of women and 40% of men) identified with the lightest skin colors used in the census questionnaire. The council makes the
535:
According to Mexico's first ever racial census published in 1793, the Eurodescendant population was between 18%-22% of the population (with Mestizos being 21%-25% and Amerindians being 51%-61%); but by 1921, when the second nationwide census that considered a person's race took place, 59% of the
504:
maintain strong links to both their British heritage and with the United Kingdom. There was also strong demand for people with specialized skills in fields such as geology, metallurgy, commerce, law, medicine etc. As stories of professional immigrants amassing huge wealth in a pair of years were
428:
and while this new state granted a series of privileges to the members of the allied indigenous tribes such as nobiliary titles and swathes of land, the Spanish held the most political and economic power. The small number of Spaniards who inhabited the new kingdom would soon be complemented by a
7114:
Valdez-Velazquez, Laura L; Mendoza-Carrera, Francisco; Perez-Parra, Sandra A; Rodarte-Hurtado, Katia; Sandoval-Ramirez, Lucila; Montoya-Fuentes, Héctor; Quintero-Ramos, Antonio; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Montes-Galindo, Daniel A; Gomez-Sandoval, Zeferino; Olivares, Norma; Rivas, Fernando (September
2851:
After the war of independence, the country's almost completely European elite would associate civilization with European characteristics, blaming the country's indigenous heritage for its inability to keep up with the economic development of the rest of the world. This led to active efforts to
7243:
Loya Méndez, Yolanda; Reyes Leal, G; Sánchez González, A; Portillo Reyes, V; Reyes Ruvalcaba, D; Bojórquez Rangel, G (February 1, 2015). "Variantes genotípicas del SNP-19 del gen de la CAPN 10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México" [SNP-19
971:
Nonetheless, in recent times the census' results have been subjected to scrutiny by historians, academics, and social activists alike, who assert that such drastic alterations in demographics for the 1793 census are not possible and cite, among other statistics the relatively low frequency of
560:
that was not the case). While the 1921 census was the last time the Mexican government conducted a census that included a comprehensive racial classification, in recent time it has conducted nationwide surveys to quantify most of the ethnic groups who inhabit the country as well as the social
3619:
Includes Poles: Wojciech Tyciński, Krzysztof Sawicki, Departament Współpracy z Polonią MSZ (Warsaw, 2009). "Raport o sytuacji Polonii i Polaków za granicą (The official report on the situation of Poles and Polonia abroad)" (PDF file, direct download 1.44 MB). Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych
3210:
research in Mexico, including three nationwide surveys and several region-specific surveys, found that in the studies done to date, counting only studies that looked at the ancestry of both parents (autosomal ancestry): "Amerindian ancestry is most prevalent (51% to 56%) in the three general
3198:
genetic contributions, the central region of Mexico shows a balance between Amerindian and European components, with the later gradually increasing as one travels northwards and westwards, where European ancestry becomes the majority of the genetic contribution up until cities located in the
2868:
from further U.S. expansionism. Díaz also expressed a desire to "whiten" Mexico's heavily racially mixed population, although this had more to do with culture than with biological traits. However, the Díaz regime knew it had to be cautious, as previously large concentrations of Americans in
1830:
published the Intergenerational Social Mobility Module (MMSI), composed of a series of nationwide surveys focused on education, generational economic mobility and ethnicity. It is particularly notorious for giving Mexicans the possibility to identify with a race (the available choices being
1918:
explored social inequalities between Mexicans of different skin colors. The field research consisted of three waves of interviews on different Mexican states during the timespan of a year, people surveyed where split on 3 different groups: "White," "Light brown" and "Dark brown," with the
491:
Another way on which European immigration to Mexico differed from that of other New World countries was on the profile of the needed immigrant. As New Spain's main economic activities were not related to agriculture (and the manpower for it was already supplied by the converted indigenous
448:" or those of mixed Spanish and indigenous parents (albeit a person of 7/8 Spanish ancestry and 1/8 or less indigenous ancestry could be considered to be "criollo"). To keep power, the Spanish enforced a hierarchical class system in New Spain's society, with those born in Spain (known as
429:
steady migration flow of Spanish people, as it was the interest of the Spanish crown to Hispanicize and Christianize the region given that Indigenous peoples and their customs were considered uncivilized, thus the Spanish language and culture were imposed and indigenous ones suppressed.
303:
conducts ethnic censuses that allow individuals to identify as "White," but the specific results of these censuses are not made public. Instead, the government releases data on the percentage of "light-skinned Mexicans" in the country, with nationwide surveys conducted by the Mexico's
2831:
attributed to different factors like migrations, nonrandom mating, and infectious diseases among others. The study published in 2018 found no significant difference in blood groups by age and only a slight difference by gender, which could be attributed to the sampling method used.
6205:
Canizalez-Román, A; Campos-Romero, A; Castro-Sánchez, JA; López-Martínez, MA; Andrade-Muñoz, FJ; Cruz-Zamudio, CK; Ortíz-Espinoza, TG; León-Sicairos, N; Gaudrón Llanos, AM; Velázquez-Román, J; Flores-Villaseñor, H; Muro-Amador, S; Martínez-García, JJ; Alcántar-Fernández, J (2018).
3151:, whose European admixture ranges from as little as 21% to as high as 70%. The reasons behind such variation may include the socioeconomic background of the analyzed samples, as well as the criteria for recruiting volunteers: some studies only analyze Mexicans who self-identify as
2898:. Most of Latin America's colonial and industrial era Spanish immigration originates from Southern Spain and the Canary Islands, thus this regional enclave of Northern Spaniards is exceptional and remains the biggest diaspora of Asturias and Galicians by heritage in the Americas.
2906:
did not discourage European immigration nor scared away white Mexicans, who, for concentrating in urban areas were largely unaffected by it and thought of it as a conflict pertinent only to rural people. Later on, bellic conflicts in Europe during the 1930s and 1940s such as the
366:
who have varying degrees of European and Indigenous ancestry, with some having European genetic ancestry exceeding 90%. While genetic evidence suggests that most European immigrants to Mexico were male, and that the modern population of Mexico was primarily formed through the
351:, and during the colonial period, most European immigration was Spanish. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, significant waves of European and European-derived populations from North and South America immigrated to Mexico. This intermixing between European immigrants and
5404:
Sosa-Macías, Martha; Elizondo, Guillermo; Flores-Pérez, Carmen; Flores-Pérez, Janet; Bradley-Alvarez, Francisco; Alanis-Bañuelos, Ruth E.; Lares-Asseff, Ismael (May 2006). "CYP2D6 Genotype and Phenotype in Amerindians of Tepehuano Origin and Mestizos of Durango, Mexico".
1579:) and of "being white" didn't disappear and are still present in everyday Mexican culture: different idioms of race are used in Mexico's society that serve as mediating terms between racial groups. It is not strange to see street vendors calling a potential costumer
940:
would only count the inhabitants of the colonized settlements. Other example would be the censuses made by the United States, that did not include Indigenous peoples living among the general population until 1860, and indigenous peoples as a whole until 1900.
3215:, the European contribution was estimated as 21% to 32% in six of the seven reports, with the anomalous value of 57% obtained in a single sample of 19 subjects. According to the studies that were included, European ancestry is most prevalent in the north (
6497:
5176:
Lerner, Victoria (1968). "Consideraciones sobre la población de la Nueva España (1793-1810): Según Humboldt y Navarro y Noriega" [Considerations on the population of New Spain (1793-1810): According to Humboldt and Navarro and Noriega].
3193:
Regardless of the criteria used, all the autosomal DNA studies made coincide on there being a significant genetic variation depending on the region analyzed, with southern Mexico having prevalent Amerindian and small but higher than average
1622:
isolated from colonial population centers, with hostilities between them and Mexican colonists often taking place. This eventually led the northeast region of the country to become the region with the highest proportion of whites during the
7070:
Buentello-Malo, Leonora; Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Salamanca-Gómez, Fabio; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M. (November 2008). "Genetic admixture of eight Mexican indigenous populations: Based on five polymarker, HLA-DQA1, ABO, and RH loci".
536:
population self-identified as being of European descent, with 59% being Mestizo and 29% being Amerindian. While for a long time the 1921 census' results were taken as fact, with international, although unofficial publications such as
551:
Historically, population studies and censuses have never been up to the standards that a population as diverse and numerous such as Mexico's require: the first racial census was made in 1793, being also Mexico's (then known as
6777:
Cerda-Flores, RM; Kshatriya, GK; Barton, SA; Leal-Garza, CH; Garza-Chapa, R; Schull, WJ; Chakraborty, R (June 1991). "Genetic structure of the populations migrating from San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas to Nuevo León in Mexico".
2977:-derived dialect and distinct ethnic identity, even though many have intermarried with other Mexicans. Many still farm and raise livestock but economic changes have pushed many into industry. During the Mexican Revolution,
5384:
492:
population)the country didn't enforce any sort of programs that would make it an attractive destination for European farmers. Much more important to the economy was mining and miners came from Europe, in particular from
3775:
2990:
traditional clothing, Plautdietsch language, light skin, hair and eyes. They own their own businesses in various communities in Chihuahua, and account for about half of the state's farm economy, standing out in
3952:
1633:(Mexico's National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination) conducted the ENADIS 2010 (National Survey About Discrimination) with the purpose of addressing the problems of racism that Mexicans of mainly
4637:"In Mexico, approximately 90% of the maternal lineages are of Native American ancestry, implying that there has been very little European female contribution throughout colonial and post-colonial history."
6379:
5000:
323:
does not give an exact percentage, albeit estimate it at around 30% of the population. Surveys considering phenotypical traits and field research yield higher percentages. For instance, one study using
6805:
Luna-Vazquez, A; Vilchis-Dorantes, G; Paez-Riberos, L.A; Muñoz-Valle, F; González-Martin, A; Rangel-Villalobos, H (September 2003). "Population data of nine STRs of Mexican-Mestizos from Mexico City".
7164:
Hernández-Gutiérrez, S.; Hernández-Franco, P.; Martínez-Tripp, S.; Ramos-Kuri, M.; Rangel-Villalobos, H. (June 2005). "STR data for 15 loci in a population sample from the central region of Mexico".
3880:
5817:
5840:
5450:
3646:
5342:
3135:
have yielded a myriad of different results; it is not unusual that different genetic studies done in the same location vary greatly. Clear examples of such variations are seen in the city of
6990:
3978:
436:, as attitudes towards race, including identification, were set by the conquistadors and Spanish who came soon after. Through the colonial period, the Spanish and their descendants, called "
5325:
3903:
3039:. Their reception by the Mexican criollo elite was mixed but they manage to experience success as most of these newcomers were educated as scholars and artists. This group founded the
6656:
3499:
In the page 7 of the press release, the council reported that 53.5% of Mexican women and 39.4% of Mexican men identified with the lightest skin colors used in the census questionary,
3008:
This widespread preference that Mexicans, even those who are of predominant indigenous ancestry, have for European cultures and values, over Indigenous ones, has come to be known as
1888:
which included multiple Latin American countries and was made with collaboration of each country's anthropology and genetics institutes reported that the frequency of blond hair and
1862:
6358:
455:
Mexico's European heritage is strongly associated with Spanish settlement during the colonial period, Mexico not having witnessed the same scale of mass recent-immigration as other
6595:
5381:
3795:
3772:
6622:
5861:
3744:
6383:
5470:
5208:
4716:"Genetic structure analysis of three Hispanic populations from Costa Rica, Mexico, and the southwestern United States using Y-chromosome STR markers and mtDNA sequences"
7353:
6057:
3949:
4810:
5967:
4380:
3998:
5775:
3483:
6557:
Avila, Oscar (November 22, 2008). "Mexico's insular Mennonites under siege, overlooked: The Tribune's Oscar Avila reports on Mexico's insular and targeted sect".
4513:
Bonilla, C.; Parra, E. J.; Pfaff, C. L.; Dios, S.; Marshall, J. A.; Hamman, R. F.; Ferrell, R. E.; Hoggart, C. L.; McKeigue, P. M.; Shriver, M. D. (March 2004).
557:
5012:
3926:
1897:, but no more than 10% of the samples used in the study came from the states located in these regions. For the most part, the rest of the samples hailed from
5886:
3877:
8286:
5814:
4335:
6679:
4438:
5837:
5447:
3658:
5354:
5271:
3824:
3691:
3407:
3018:, the native interpreter who served with Hernán Cortés during the Conquest, whose story still is a Mexican fable. Examples of practices considered as
580:
Also known as the "Revillagigedo census" due to its creation being ordered by the Count of the same name, this census was Mexico's (then known as the
5748:
5623:
3526:
6843:
Lisker, Rubén; Ramírez, Eva; González-Villalpando, Clicerio; Stern, Michael P. (1995). "Racial admixture in a Mestizo population from Mexico City".
4155:
976:
conducted a comprehensive racial census with the breakdown by states being the following (foreigners and people who answered "other" not included):
3975:
3854:
3723:
3269:
ancestry of Mexicans was 52% European, while the Native American ancestry was 44%. However, the authors noted that Native American ancestry on the
3211:
estimates (initially published by the INMEGEN in 2009), followed by European ancestry (40% to 45%); the African share represents only 2% to 5%. In
6987:
6324:
3159:(Mexico's National Institute of Genomic Medicine), which states that 93% of the Mexican population is Mestizo with the remaining population being
341:
8244:
refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.
7346:
6916:
Martínez-Cortés, Gabriela; Salazar-Flores, Joel; Gabriela Fernández-Rodríguez, Laura; Rubi-Castellanos, Rodrigo; et al. (September 2012).
6164:
del Peón-Hidalgo, Lorenzo; Pacheco-Cano, Ma Guadalupe; Zavala-Ruiz, Mirna; Madueño-López, Alejandro; García-González, Adolfo (September 2002).
5322:
3231:
1827:
3900:
8908:
6648:
3155:, others may classify the entire Mexican population as "mestizo", other studies may do both, such as the 2009 genetic study published by the
1846:
In 2018, the new edition of the ENADIS was published, this time being a joint effort by the CONAPRED and the INEGI with collaboration of the
7510:
6524:
4333:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals" table 1
6355:
9034:
7475:
6599:
6139:
3584:
3552:
3479:
1630:
309:
7505:
3156:
44:
7490:
7339:
4024:
460:
to the significant German, Italian, Irish, British, Polish, and French populations. White Mexicans rather, descend of a considerably
7450:
6890:
5301:
7485:
6288:
5905:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals"
4952:
4075:
1943:
while having a very low frequency (5-10%) in Caucasian children. According to Ana Rosa Alvarado, a dermatologist who works for the
7620:
6111:
8504:
6967:
5212:
3063:
3032:
8478:
8221:
7244:
genotypic variants of CAPN 10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico].
5236:
1872:
Independent field studies have been made in attempt to quantify the number of European Mexicans living in modern Mexico, using
36:
7786:
5477:
8396:
7702:
7412:
7011:
Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; et al. (May 26, 2009).
4630:
4602:
2935:(soccer) to Mexico. In the early 20th century, a group of about 100 Russian immigrants, mostly Pryguny and some Molokane and
518:
6572:
6265:
6079:
5798:
1877:
937:
376:
the Mexican government began defining ethnicity on cultural standards (mainly the language spoken) rather than racial ones.
329:
6041:
1894:
405:
348:
5903:
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; et al. (September 25, 2014).
8985:
8706:
8263:
7707:
5955:
4798:
4372:
1959:
5772:
4916:
4801:[Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the XXI Century].
4647:
Kumar, Satish; Bellis, Claire; Zlojutro, Mark; Melton, Phillip E.; Blangero, John; Curran, Joanne E. (October 7, 2011).
3471:
8454:
6051:
6000:
5034:
Morales, Efraín Castro (January 1983). "Los cuadros de castas de la Nueva España" [Caste cadres of New Spain].
4718:
4568:
3812:
3160:
3077:
2890:) experienced major surges of Northern Spanish immigration in the late 19th and early 20th century, specifically from
7568:
6507:
6298:
5561:
5150:
4413:
4235:
Ortiz-Hernández, Luis; Compeán-Dardón, Sandra; Verde-Flota, Elizabeth; Flores-Martínez, Maricela Nanet (April 2011).
4129:
1944:
1915:
333:
8449:
6435:
355:
resulted in the emergence of the Mestizo group, which became the majority of Mexico's population by the time of the
9056:
8980:
6405:
3923:
6459:"Who was white? The disappearance of non-European white identities and the formation of European racial whiteness"
4515:"Admixture in the Hispanics of the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and its implications for complex trait gene mapping"
3105:
8594:
8184:
Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe
3200:
3049:
1567:
officially for almost a century (resuming using such terms after 2010), the concepts of "white people" (known as
8424:
4332:
2973:. They are the descendants of about 500 Venetian refugee immigrants which came over in the 1880s, keeping their
9061:
8827:
8796:
8544:
8525:
8473:
7553:
7428:
6703:
4435:
3227:, 55%), but in a recent sample from Nuevo León and elsewhere in the country, Amerindian ancestry is dominant."
412:, his troops and a number of indigenous city-states who were tributaries and rivals of the Aztecs, such as the
389:
8970:
8577:
8467:
7781:
7548:
7362:
4649:"Large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans suggests a reappraisal of Native American origins"
3014:, which means to identify or favor a North American or European culture over the native one. It derives from
8434:
7117:"Renin gene haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium in two Mexican and one German population samples"
6728:
Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L; Beuten, Joke; Leach, Robin J; Parra, Esteban J; et al. (September 2009).
6168:[Blood group frequencies and ABO and RhD incompatibilities in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico].
5211:[Miscegenation is a myth, cultural identity does matter] (in Spanish). Mexico: Istmo. Archived from
4845:
Fortes de Leff, Jacqueline (December 2002). "Racism in Mexico: Cultural Roots and Clinical Interventions1".
8756:
8491:
7805:
6409:
6046:. M. Amer, R.A.C. Graham-Brown, S.N. Klaus, J.L. Pace. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 197.
5990:
5268:
3688:
3404:
3195:
1634:
441:
420:
and Texcocans among others. After years of war, the coalition led by Cortés finally managed to conquer the
352:
300:
5740:
5615:
3518:
2965:
One of the few Porfirian-era European settlements to survive to this day is centered on the small town of
9018:
8498:
6915:
6166:"Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos e incompatibilidades ABO y RhD, en La Paz, Baja California Sur, México"
4899:
For The Enjoyment of All:" Cosmopolitan Aspirations, Urban Encounters and Class Boundaries in Mexico City
4152:
1992:
529:
3851:
3720:
3258:
reported that self-identified Mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% European, 35.05% Amerindian, and 5.03% Other.
475:
8561:
8419:
8409:
8214:
6331:
3123:
1951:
4960:(PhD thesis). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, UAEM, Mexico. Archived from
468:
to then be supplemented with clerics, workers, academics etc. immigrated to what today is Mexico. The
319:
8801:
8750:
8722:
7438:
5599:
5088:
Buchenau, Jurgen (Spring 2001). "Small numbers, great impact: Mexico and its immigrants, 1821–1973".
2940:
2887:
1885:
569:
396:
An upper class colonial Mexican family of Spanish ancestry (referred to as Criollos) in Mexico City,
337:
7013:"Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico"
5292:[More de-Indianization than miscegenation. A rereading of the general population censuses].
4799:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI"
4076:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI"
2040:
8281:
5553:
3091:
1623:
581:
553:
425:
206:
5547:
5529:
4954:
Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI
3002:
949:
9023:
8832:
8630:
8007:
6680:"Asociaciones de inmigrantes extranjeros en la ciudad de México. Una mirada a fines del siglo XX"
6532:
3144:
1618:
1560:
1515:
336:
obtained a nationwide percentage of 18.8% using a similar method. Another study conducted by the
296:
2958:
8716:
8624:
8485:
8385:
8326:
8047:
3620:(Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland), pp. 1–466. Retrieved June 14, 2013 (Internet Archive).
3331:
3203:, where studies suggest there is a significant resurgence of Amerindian and African admixture.
2918:
1530:
585:
417:
5140:
4403:
2951:
as well as gastronomy such as bread, cheese, and wine production remain unique to the region.
1526:
8940:
8535:
8291:
8207:
7697:
4620:
4592:
4119:
3326:
252:
211:
6888:
6132:
4375:[To be 'mestizo' in New Spain at the end of the XVIII th century. Acatzingo, 1792].
3595:
3559:
8791:
8613:
8604:
8588:
8316:
7759:
7731:
7650:
7525:
7163:
7024:
6891:"Evaluation of Ancestry and Linkage Disequilibrium Sharing in Admixed Population in Mexico"
5657:
5648:
Jablonski, Nina G.; Chaplin, George (July 2000). "The evolution of human skin coloration".
4660:
4183:""The Map of the Mexican's Genome": overlapping national identity, and population genomics"
4020:
2932:
2280:
1832:
7613:
7069:
6023:
4462:
Wang, Sijia; Ray, Nicolas; Rojas, Winston; Parra, Maria V.; et al. (March 21, 2008).
4377:
Cuadernos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy
2860:
tried again, and expressly desired European immigration to promote modernization, instill
574:
8:
8958:
8953:
8945:
8786:
8711:
8518:
8347:
8252:
8103:
7714:
7682:
7530:
7520:
7495:
7198:
7113:
6894:
6043:
Global Dermatology: Diagnosis and Management According to Geography, Climate, and Culture
5583:
5514:
5289:
3381:
3351:
3207:
2978:
2865:
1997:
1030:
156:
7895:
7028:
6204:
5661:
5290:"Más desindianización que mestizaje. Una relectura de los censos generales de población"
4961:
4664:
4082:
3437:
2997:
2424:
2304:
954:
48:
8930:
8925:
8701:
8379:
8321:
8301:
7662:
7470:
7455:
7445:
7394:
7313:
7288:
7269:
7225:
7146:
7096:
7047:
7012:
6947:
6868:
6759:
6682:[Immigrant Associations in Mexico City. A Look at the end of the 20th century]
6238:
6207:
5931:
5904:
5717:
5692:
5430:
5186:
5121:
5105:
5051:
4768:
4743:
4691:
4648:
4560:
4490:
4463:
4312:
4304:
4234:
4214:
3055:
3028:
2903:
2857:
1538:
973:
964:
538:
409:
373:
363:
356:
7010:
6964:
6818:
6108:
1368:
8995:
8935:
8900:
8781:
8691:
8572:
8512:
8331:
7776:
7771:
7754:
7687:
7625:
7608:
7598:
7575:
7563:
7515:
7460:
7318:
7273:
7261:
7217:
7181:
7138:
7088:
7052:
6939:
6860:
6822:
6787:
6751:
6695:
6503:
6478:
6398:"The Cornish Mexican Cultural Society: Building on Cornwall's International Heritage"
6294:
6243:
6187:
6047:
5996:
5936:
5722:
5673:
5557:
5422:
5146:
5113:
5055:
4862:
4858:
4773:
4696:
4678:
4626:
4598:
4552:
4544:
4530:
4495:
4409:
4316:
4266:
4258:
4218:
4125:
3216:
3111:
3040:
2991:
2986:
2908:
2256:
1955:
1112:
497:
368:
227:
202:
180:
8153:
7304:
7229:
7177:
7150:
7100:
6763:
6182:
6165:
6163:
5773:"21 de Marzo Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" pag. 2
5434:
5125:
4742:
Price, Alkes L.; Patterson, Nick; Yu, Fuli; Cox, David R.; et al. (June 2007).
4564:
4253:
4236:
4050:"latinobarometro : latinobarometro : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
3083:
362:
In addition to White Mexicans and Indigenous populations, there is a group known as
8874:
8582:
8567:
8555:
8414:
8390:
8373:
8368:
8108:
8098:
8042:
7971:
7820:
7692:
7672:
7603:
7500:
7465:
7331:
7308:
7300:
7253:
7242:
7209:
7173:
7128:
7080:
7042:
7032:
6951:
6929:
6918:"Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages"
6872:
6852:
6814:
6804:
6741:
6470:
6233:
6223:
6177:
5926:
5916:
5712:
5704:
5665:
5414:
5233:
5097:
5043:
4854:
4763:
4755:
4686:
4668:
4534:
4526:
4485:
4475:
4296:
4248:
4204:
4194:
3474:[March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]
3386:
3341:
3336:
2874:
284:
86:
5954:
Magaña, Mario; Valerio, Julia; Mateo, Adriana; Magaña-Lozano, Mario (April 2005).
4287:
Villarreal, Andrés (2010). "Stratification by Skin Color in Contemporary Mexico".
3273:
was 54%. The authors stated that this is consistent with the genetic formation of
2853:
1908:
968:
using them as a reference to estimate Mexico's racial composition up to this day.
9005:
8811:
8776:
8696:
8550:
8460:
8439:
8306:
8296:
8123:
8073:
8032:
8022:
8017:
7900:
7875:
7791:
7764:
7719:
7677:
7645:
7640:
7580:
7558:
6994:
6971:
6580:
6362:
6115:
6087:
5921:
5844:
5821:
5802:
5795:
5779:
5454:
5388:
5329:
5275:
5240:
4722:
4480:
4442:
4339:
4159:
3982:
3956:
3930:
3907:
3884:
3878:"Por estas razones el color de piel determina las oportunidades de los mexicanos"
3858:
3779:
3727:
3695:
3411:
3346:
3277:, a process which involved primarily European males and Native American females.
3172:
3036:
2895:
2774:
2698:
2489:
2112:
2064:
1836:
1576:
1224:
1176:
1012:
880:
832:
816:
672:
608:
480:
464:
group of Spanish people who, beginning with the arrival and establishment of the
160:
7825:
6261:
4099:
404:
The presence of Europeans in what is nowadays known as Mexico dates back to the
8990:
8842:
8806:
8761:
8683:
8662:
8429:
8363:
8276:
7885:
7835:
7830:
7726:
7667:
7657:
7635:
7630:
7540:
7480:
7017:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6730:"Ancestry informative markers and admixture proportions in northeastern Mexico"
6458:
6293:(in Spanish). México, D. F.: Universidad Iberoamericana. p. 39.
5708:
5047:
4901:(PhD thesis). Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 3453017.
4436:"Household Mobility and Persistence in Guadalajara, Mexico: 1811–1842, page 62"
3366:
3361:
3186:
3097:
2717:
2328:
1904:
1865:
996:
469:
437:
7257:
6474:
5902:
4199:
4182:
4049:
3472:"21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial"
2839:
1599:
936:
American Indians to be citizens/subjects, as example the censuses made by the
9050:
8913:
8884:
8879:
8869:
8177:
8143:
8138:
8128:
8113:
8002:
7749:
7404:
7133:
7116:
6699:
6482:
5418:
4912:
4682:
4673:
4548:
4300:
4262:
3356:
3308:
3294:
2870:
2861:
2376:
2352:
1895:
the northern and western regions of Mexico contain 45% of Mexico's population
1638:
514:
461:
433:
264:
231:
7037:
6856:
5838:"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017. ENADIS. Diseño muestral. 2018"
5391:, "Investigación y Ciencia", Spain, October 2013. Retrieved on June 1, 2017.
4715:
4514:
3224:
3140:
3069:
1893:
fact that the samples used in Mexico's case were highly disproportional, as
1548:
184:
8975:
8889:
8766:
8746:
8676:
8230:
8133:
7986:
7941:
7926:
7322:
7265:
7221:
7185:
7142:
7092:
7056:
6943:
6864:
6826:
6755:
6247:
6228:
6191:
5940:
5726:
5677:
5669:
5426:
5403:
5117:
4866:
4777:
4700:
4556:
4499:
4270:
3321:
3270:
2912:
2232:
1564:
1352:
465:
421:
292:
223:
7865:
6791:
5995:(3, illustrated ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 90.
4176:
4174:
4172:
1947:
Jalisco division, around half of the babies born have the Mongolian spot.
1336:
9000:
8862:
8771:
8271:
8148:
8093:
8037:
8027:
8012:
7956:
7931:
7845:
6431:
4539:
4373:"Ser mestizo en la nueva España a fines del siglo XVIII: Acatzingo, 1792"
3262:
3212:
3148:
3015:
3010:
2944:
2793:
2400:
2213:
2208:
2016:
1920:
1898:
1840:
1626:
albeit recent migration waves have been changing its demographic trends.
1552:
1542:
1208:
752:
188:
8403:
7966:
7870:
6934:
6917:
6889:
J.K. Estrada; A. Hidalgo-Miranda; I. Silva-Zolezzi; G. Jimenez-Sanchez.
6746:
6729:
5956:"Alteraciones cutáneas del neonato en dos grupos de población de México"
5693:"The brightness dimension as a marker of gender across cultures and age"
5190:
5109:
4308:
3976:"Critican series mexicanas de Netflix por sólo tener personajes blancos"
3230:
A 2006 nationwide autosomal study, the first ever conducted by Mexico's
1884:
people were not classified as white but as "other." A study made by the
8963:
8847:
8728:
8656:
7951:
7289:"Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations"
7213:
7084:
4209:
4169:
2923:
2736:
2584:
2309:
2093:
2069:
1645:
1610:
1432:
1288:
1144:
864:
800:
656:
325:
8078:
6842:
5815:"Presenta INEGI estudio que relaciona color de piel con oportunidades"
4737:
4735:
4457:
4455:
2184:
2160:
1617:
Mexico's northern and western regions have the highest percentages of
1559:
Even though the Mexican government didn't use racial terms related to
1480:
8920:
8837:
8651:
8311:
8088:
7936:
6776:
6028:
5101:
3316:
3266:
3251:
3136:
2982:
2844:
2755:
2641:
2333:
2088:
1889:
1880:
calculated their percentage at 23%, the study explicitly states that
1496:
1240:
784:
688:
506:
456:
397:
256:
239:
172:
6397:
6208:"Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D)
4464:"Geographic Patterns of Genome Admixture in Latin American Mestizos"
3551:
Ennis, Sharon R.; Rios-Vargas, Merarys; ALbert, Nora G. (May 2011).
8619:
8118:
8057:
7961:
7921:
7433:
7372:
6596:"As Spain's Economy Worsens, Young Adults Flock to Mexico for Jobs"
6039:
4759:
4732:
4594:
The Wandering Gene and the Indian Princess: Race, Religion, and DNA
4452:
4237:"Racism and mental health among university students in Mexico City"
4153:"Racial Appearance And Income In Contemporary Mexico, pag 9 note 1"
3243:
3235:
3132:
2948:
2936:
2891:
2679:
2565:
2357:
2261:
2189:
2165:
2141:
2136:
2117:
1881:
1861:
1605:
1464:
1448:
1160:
1064:
1048:
912:
848:
768:
493:
413:
344:
found that 18% of Mexicans had blond hair, and 28% had light eyes.
260:
176:
6380:"Ex-West Briton writer helps tell tale of Mexico's Cornish miners"
4401:
3815:[Results of the Intergenerational Social Mobility Module]
3558:(Report). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 14 (Table 6). Archived from
8857:
8083:
8052:
7946:
7916:
7890:
7880:
7840:
6579:(in Spanish). criteriohidalgo.com. April 23, 2013. Archived from
6290:
Guía e inventario del archivo Manuel González: acervos históricos
3371:
3274:
3247:
3182:
3176:
3168:
3152:
2966:
2879:
2622:
2603:
2546:
2527:
2429:
2285:
2237:
2045:
2021:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1851:
1416:
1384:
1272:
1256:
1192:
1128:
1096:
736:
704:
510:
501:
484:
445:
295:, often due to their physical appearance or their recognition of
272:
268:
235:
168:
164:
152:
6286:
5600:"Transición migratoria y demográfica de México. Nuevos patrones"
2915:
caused additional waves of European immigration to the country.
108:
8852:
8199:
7976:
7855:
7850:
6727:
5958:[Skin lesions two cohorts of newborns in Mexico City].
5953:
4021:"The World Factbook: North America: Mexico: People and Society"
3950:"¿Seras racista? Causa polémica su nueva campaña de publicidad"
3376:
3255:
3239:
3220:
2974:
2970:
2954:
2883:
2660:
2508:
2405:
2381:
1924:
1400:
1320:
1304:
1080:
720:
640:
624:
148:
98:
7200:
and HLA-DQA1 Loci: Genetic Admixture in Mexican Populations".
5138:
4181:
Schwartz-Marín, Ernesto; Silva-Zolezzi, Irma (December 2010).
1545:, where the most powerful of the country's elite are located.
8669:
7981:
7860:
6499:
The Mexican Aristocracy: An Expressive Ethnography, 1910–2000
6280:
5350:
5244:
3852:"Documento Informativo Sobre Discriminación Racial En México"
3813:"Resultados del Modulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional"
3689:"Resultados del Modulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional"
3405:"Resultados del Modulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional"
1873:
896:
305:
5584:"Nómadas y sedentarios, El pasado prehispánico de Zacatecas"
4405:
Ensayos sobre historia de la población. México y el Caribe 2
3924:"Comprobado con datos: en México te va mejor si eres blanco"
6575:[Mexico, primary spot for international migrants].
5747:(in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. pp. 40–43.
5743:[National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010]
5618:[National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010]
5345:[Principal results of the Intercensal Survey 2015]
5209:"El mestizaje es un mito, la identidad cultural sí importa"
5008:
4950:
4180:
4124:. Penguin Random house Grupo Editorial Mexico. p. 86.
3654:
3521:[National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010]
1958:(approximately 16,794,111 people) self-identified as being
1855:
1847:
432:
The Mexican experience mirrors much of that of the rest of
6988:"Trazan el mapa genético de la población mestiza mexicana"
4896:
2878:
survived. Mexico's northwest-pacific region (particularly
6620:
5335:
5142:
Mineros y comerciantes en el México borbónico (1763-1810)
4792:
4790:
4788:
4646:
4023:. The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
1923:(Center region) as well as rural areas of the states of
573:
New Spain in 1819 with the boundaries established at the
6382:. Thisiscornwall.co.uk. December 9, 2010. Archived from
5691:
Sebastián-Enesco, Carla; Semin, Gün R. (November 2020).
5343:"Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015"
1649:
Results of the survey conducted by the CONAPRED in 2010.
372:
contribution oscillating between 50% and 54%. After the
5741:"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010"
5622:(in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. p. 42.
5616:"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010"
3519:"Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010"
1868:
a Mexican journalist who anchored the flagship En punto
384:
5862:"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación (ENADIS) 2022"
4785:
4395:
3989:, 23 mayo 2020, consultado el 19 de diciembre de 2020.
3865:, Mexico, March 21, 2011, retrieved on April 28, 2017.
3745:"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación (ENADIS) 2022"
3550:
347:
The presence of Europeans in Mexico dates back to the
5690:
5539:
4512:
3143:, which, depending on the study, presents an average
524:
Criollo resentment of the privileges afforded to the
7361:
6369:, September 17, 2016. Retrieved on October 11, 2017.
6040:
Lawrence C. Parish; Larry E. Millikan, eds. (2012).
5893:, Mexico, 2023, page 23, retrieved on June 19, 2024.
5132:
4328:
4326:
3992:
3284:
3127:
European Genetic Admixture in the Mexican Population
543:
between people of different continental ancestries.
7121:
Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
6623:"As Spain Falters, Spaniards Look to Latin America"
6573:"México, primer lugar en migrantes internacionales"
6319:
6317:
5503:
Social Stratification in central Mexico 1500 - 2000
4744:"A Genomewide Admixture Map for Latino Populations"
4741:
3847:
3845:
931:
Europeans are included within the Mestizo category.
6884:
6882:
5880:
5332:CENSO GENERAL DE HABITANTES 1921 Census (Page: 62)
5269:"American Indians in the Federal Decennial Census"
5207:Anchondo, Sandra; de Haro, Martha (July 4, 2016).
4449:, December 8, 2016. Retrieved on December 9, 2018.
4366:
4364:
4355:
4117:
3513:
3511:
3509:
2834:
6649:"For Migrants, New Land of Opportunity Is Mexico"
6593:
5992:Nursing Care of Older Adults: Theory and Practice
5259:. London: Scarecrow Press, 1978. pp. 239–40.
4796:
4461:
4323:
4113:
4111:
4109:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
1876:as reference to classify a Mexican as white, the
9048:
6838:
6836:
6314:
6024:Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spot)
5786:, Mexico, March 21. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.
5647:
5530:"El color de piel nos da privilegios en México?"
4282:
4280:
3937:, August 7, 2018, Retrieved on November 4, 2018.
3842:
3503:, Mexico, March 21. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.
3232:National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN)
2961:, former Swedish-American model, born in Mexico.
7287:Salzano, Francisco Mauro; Sans, Mónica (2014).
7001:, August 18, 2009, Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
6879:
5851:, August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018.
5805:, "Wordreference", Retrieved on April 29, 2017.
5545:
5399:
5397:
5288:Pla Brugat, Dolores (September–December 2011).
5206:
5202:
5200:
4361:
4346:, September 25, 2014. Retrieved on May 9, 2017.
4230:
4228:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4005:, July 3, 2017, Retrieved on December 30, 2018.
3796:"Visión INEGI 2021 Dr. Julio Santaella Castell"
3773:"Visión INEGI 2021 Dr. Julio Santaella Castell"
3734:, August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018.
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3506:
1590:
6978:, March 10, 2009, Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
6965:"Mestizos, 93% de los Mexicanos según estudio"
6522:
6157:
6125:
5960:Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México
5610:
5608:
4844:
4145:
4106:
3999:"Resultados de vida y color de piel en México"
3945:
3943:
3455:
1828:National Institute of Statistics and Geography
342:National Institute of Anthropology and History
8215:
7347:
6833:
6356:"El origen del México refugio en el siglo XX"
5828:, June 16, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
5590:, Mexico, page 10, retrieved on July 7, 2024.
5281:
5234:"censo General de la Republica Mexicana 1895"
5171:
5169:
4402:Sherburne Friend Cook; Woodrow Borah (1998).
4277:
3891:, July 26, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
3721:"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017"
3702:, June 16, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
3418:, June 16, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
479:Maximilian receiving a Mexican delegation at
332:population could be classified as white. The
78:
6621:Nathaniel Parish Flannery (April 30, 2013).
6330:(in Spanish). pp. 16–17. Archived from
6133:"The Hispanic Population: 2010 Census Brief"
5831:
5465:
5463:
5394:
5197:
4998:
4797:Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2005).
4618:
4225:
4008:
3971:
3969:
3963:, March 5, 2020, Retrieved on July 21, 2020.
3786:, July 3, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
3705:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3428:
3426:
3424:
1878:Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico
424:which would result in the foundation of the
330:Metropolitan Autonomous University of Mexico
291:) are individuals in Mexico who identify as
8190:Originated in what is now the United States
7286:
6552:
6550:
6527:[The Venician dialect of Chipilo].
5605:
5602:, page 17, retrieved on September 12, 2024.
5536:, Mexico, 2019, retrieved on June 19, 2024.
5145:. Fondo de Cultura Económica. p. 150.
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4590:
3940:
3914:, July 6, 2017, Retrieved on June 19, 2018.
3894:
3873:
3871:
3525:(in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011.
3131:The numerous studies of the genetic makeup
487:. Painting by Cesare dell'Acqua (1821-1905)
8222:
8208:
7354:
7340:
6677:
6671:
6122:, January 2012. Retrieved on July 3, 2017.
5854:
5593:
5287:
5166:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4597:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 96.
4370:
4286:
3802:, 3 July 2017, Retrieved on 30 April 2018.
3175:in the case of Mestizos from the state of
2864:work ethics and buttress what remained of
310:National Council to Prevent Discrimination
107:
7312:
7132:
7046:
7036:
6933:
6745:
6678:Palma Mora, Mónica (July–December 2005).
6516:
6287:Georgette Emilia José Valenzuela (1993).
6237:
6227:
6181:
5930:
5920:
5808:
5716:
5460:
5250:
5139:David A. Branding; Woodrow Borah (1975).
4767:
4708:
4690:
4672:
4538:
4489:
4479:
4252:
4208:
4198:
4151:R. Martínez & C. De La Torre (2008):
3966:
3623:
3421:
3261:A 2007 study that included Mexicans from
3147:ancestry ranging from 38% to 78%, and in
558:Mexico's National Institute of Statistics
394:Portrait of the family Fagoaga Arozqueta.
7004:
6547:
6109:"Tienen manchas mongólicas 50% de bebés"
5508:
5087:
5062:
4873:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
3868:
3768:
3766:
3181:
3122:
2996:
2953:
2917:
2838:
1903:
1860:
1644:
1598:
1547:
1525:
948:
568:
561:dynamics and inequalities between them.
474:
388:
6456:
6424:
5577:
5323:DEPARTAMENTO DE LA ESTADISTICA NACIONAL
5033:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4931:
4905:
4813:from the original on September 22, 2022
4622:Pharmacogenomics in Admixed Populations
4073:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
1935:(Center-West region) were oversampled.
130:(weighted average of available sources)
9049:
6659:from the original on December 27, 2014
6594:Louis E.V. Nevaer (February 2, 2013).
6495:
6262:"Cruz Roja Espanola/Grupos Sanguineos"
5988:
5448:El mestizaje y las culturas regionales
5247:", Mexico, Retrieved on July 24, 2017.
5175:
5036:Jahrbuch für Geschichte Lateinamerikas
4748:The American Journal of Human Genetics
4619:Suarez-Kurtz, Dr G. (August 3, 2007).
4591:Wheelwright, Jeff (January 16, 2012).
3917:
8203:
7335:
6556:
6268:from the original on October 19, 2020
6145:from the original on January 27, 2018
6072:
6060:from the original on January 13, 2023
5754:from the original on November 8, 2012
5629:from the original on November 8, 2012
5377:
5375:
5304:from the original on December 6, 2020
4825:
4383:from the original on October 23, 2020
4027:from the original on January 26, 2021
3763:
3644:
3532:from the original on November 8, 2012
2922:Orphaned Polish children arriving to
953:Vendedora de ollas (Pot saleswoman).
328:as a reference found that 23% of the
9029:
6646:
6432:"Pryguny in Baja California, Mexico"
6412:from the original on January 9, 2016
5523:
5407:The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
5382:"El impacto del mestizaje en México"
4979:
4951:Francisco Lizcano Fernández (2005).
4915:. New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia.
4571:from the original on October 3, 2022
3673:
546:
406:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
385:Establishment of Europeans in Mexico
349:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
143:Regions with significant populations
49:move details into the article's body
20:
8707:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
7107:
6647:Cave, Damien (September 21, 2013).
6598:. New America Media. Archived from
6457:Bonnett, Alastair (November 1998).
6016:
5505:. University of Texas Press, p. 55.
4897:Alejandra M. Leal Martínez (2011).
4187:Identity in the Information Society
3649:[Mixed race and cultures].
3398:
3118:
2981:invited a group of German-speaking
13:
6438:from the original on June 19, 2012
5970:from the original on June 30, 2021
5501:Nutini, Hugo; Barry Isaac (2009).
5495:
5372:
5257:Historical Dictionary of Argentina
5090:Journal of American Ethnic History
4729:, 2006, Retrieved October 4, 2022.
4042:
938:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
14:
9073:
7202:American Journal of Human Biology
7073:American Journal of Human Biology
6845:American Journal of Human Biology
4919:from the original on May 22, 2012
3830:from the original on July 9, 2018
3489:from the original on May 25, 2017
2856:regime of the decades before the
1931:(both from the south region) and
1916:American Sociological Association
1914:In 2010 a study published by the
334:American Sociological Association
9028:
8981:White genocide conspiracy theory
8287:Democratic Republic of the Congo
8229:
8171:
7363:Ancestry and ethnicity in Mexico
7280:
7236:
7192:
7157:
7063:
6981:
6958:
6909:
6798:
6770:
6721:
6640:
6614:
6587:
6565:
6496:Nutini, Hugo G. (January 2010).
6406:Cornish Mexican Cultural Society
5003:[Immigrant population].
4859:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.00619.x
4531:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00084.x
4371:San Miguel, G. (November 2000).
4166:, 2008, Retrieved April 1, 2021.
3301:
3287:
3104:
3090:
3076:
3062:
3048:
1603:White Mexican women wearing the
306:National Institute of Statistics
97:
25:
7305:10.1590/s1415-47572014000200003
7178:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.080
6559:McClatche-Tribune Business News
6525:"El dialecto véneto de Chipilo"
6489:
6450:
6390:
6372:
6349:
6254:
6198:
6183:10.1590/S0036-36342002000500004
6102:
6033:
5982:
5947:
5896:
5789:
5766:
5733:
5684:
5641:
5441:
5353:. December 2015. Archived from
5316:
5262:
5227:
5027:
4640:
4612:
4584:
4506:
4429:
4349:
4254:10.1590/s0036-36342011000200005
4164:Journal of Diversity Management
4092:
4067:
4003:Biblioteca del senado de México
3805:
3789:
3737:
3234:, which included the states of
3206:A 2014 publication summarizing
2873:, would eventually lead to the
2835:Europeans in Independent Mexico
528:was the main reason behind the
496:, U.K. and even today parts of
8821:Negative stereotypes of Whites
7293:Genetics and Molecular Biology
7166:Forensic Science International
6807:Forensic Science International
5516:"Sinónimos de "Tez Blanca""],
4714:Campos-Sanchez et al. (2006):
3613:
3577:
3544:
2959:Nena von Schlebrügge (Thurman)
1656:
1521:
944:
564:
440:" remained outnumbered by the
1:
8971:White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
6819:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00254-8
6523:Montagner Anguiano, Eduardo.
6502:. University of Texas Press.
6216:BioMed Research International
5887:"Diseño Muestral ENADIS 2022"
5520:, retrieved on June 19, 2024.
5278:, Retrieved on July 25, 2017.
4999:Martinez Montiel, Luz María.
3823:(in Spanish). June 16, 2017.
3647:"El mestizaje y las culturas"
3392:
3031:arrived as refugees from the
2926:, Mexico during World War II.
1901:and southern Mexican states.
408:in the early 16th century by
127:40% of the Mexican population
8757:Missing white woman syndrome
8187:Primarily arrived via Canada
6531:(in Spanish). Archived from
5922:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572
5549:THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO
4481:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037
4379:(in Spanish) (13): 325–342.
4289:American Sociological Review
1591:Distribution and Estimations
7:
8909:US definitions of whiteness
6688:Migraciones Internacionales
4118:Federico Navarrete (2016).
4074:Lizcano, Francisco (2005).
4037:other 10% (mostly European)
3432:Ethnic composition (2010):
3280:
3201:Mexico–United States border
1555:, 62nd President of Mexico.
530:Mexican War of Independence
10:
9078:
9024:European native population
6212:in the Mexican Population"
5709:10.1007/s00426-019-01213-2
5650:Journal of Human Evolution
5274:November 20, 2020, at the
5048:10.7767/jbla.1983.20.1.671
4441:December 10, 2018, at the
4408:. Siglo XXI. p. 223.
3173:European derived Americans
2939:came to live in area near
2811:
2792:
2773:
2754:
2735:
2716:
2697:
2678:
2659:
2640:
2621:
2602:
2583:
2564:
2545:
2526:
2507:
2488:
2450:
2447:
2428:
2423:
2404:
2399:
2380:
2375:
2356:
2351:
2332:
2327:
2308:
2303:
2284:
2279:
2260:
2255:
2236:
2231:
2212:
2207:
2188:
2183:
2164:
2159:
2140:
2135:
2116:
2111:
2092:
2087:
2068:
2063:
2044:
2039:
2020:
2015:
1996:
1991:
1495:
1479:
1463:
1447:
1431:
1415:
1399:
1383:
1367:
1351:
1335:
1319:
1303:
1287:
1271:
1255:
1239:
1223:
1207:
1191:
1175:
1159:
1143:
1127:
1111:
1095:
1079:
1063:
1047:
1029:
1011:
995:
988:Amerindian Population (%)
911:
895:
879:
863:
847:
831:
815:
799:
783:
767:
751:
735:
719:
703:
687:
671:
655:
639:
623:
607:
600:Indigenous population (%)
379:
9014:
8898:
8820:
8802:White demographic decline
8737:
8644:
8603:
8534:
8356:
8340:
8262:
8251:
8237:
8166:
8066:
7995:
7909:
7813:
7804:
7740:
7589:
7539:
7421:
7403:
7387:
7380:
7369:
7258:10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.7729
6922:Journal of Human Genetics
6734:Journal of Human Genetics
6475:10.1080/01419879808565651
6463:Ethnic and Racial Studies
6361:October 17, 2017, at the
4625:. CRC Press. p. 39.
4200:10.1007/s12394-010-0074-7
3929:November 5, 2018, at the
3778:January 21, 2019, at the
2985:in Canada to resettle in
2941:Ensenada, Baja California
2888:Baja California Peninsula
1886:University College London
338:University College London
250:
245:
222:
217:
199:
194:
147:
142:
120:
115:
106:
95:
76:
7814:More than 100,000 people
7541:From South and East Asia
7134:10.1177/1470320310388440
6561:. Washington. p. 8.
5843:August 10, 2018, at the
5801:August 23, 2017, at the
5554:Harvard University Press
5546:Howard F. Cline (1963).
5471:"El mestizaje en Mexico"
5453:August 23, 2013, at the
5419:10.1177/0091270006287586
5239:August 10, 2017, at the
4721:October 4, 2022, at the
4674:10.1186/1471-2148-11-293
4653:BMC Evolutionary Biology
4519:Annals of Human Genetics
4301:10.1177/0003122410378232
3726:August 10, 2018, at the
3585:"Plautdietsch in Mexico"
3434:Approximately two fifths
597:European population (%)
582:Viceroyalty of New Spain
426:Viceroyalty of New Spain
9057:Ethnic groups in Mexico
8833:Appalachian stereotypes
8067:Fewer than 1,000 people
7405:From Sub-Saharan Africa
7038:10.1073/pnas.0903045106
6970:April 30, 2018, at the
6857:10.1002/ajhb.1310070210
6170:Salud Pública de México
5294:Dimensión Antropológica
4356:Federico Navarrete 2016
4241:Salud Pública de México
4158:August 6, 2021, at the
3981:April 19, 2021, at the
3592:europeanpeoples.imb.org
3442:Encyclopædia Britannica
3438:"Mexico: Ethnic groups"
1624:Spanish colonial period
985:Mestizo Population (%)
603:Mestizo population (%)
320:Encyclopædia Britannica
8740:phenomena and theories
8723:The White Man's Burden
8717:White Australia policy
8513:Southern United States
7299:(1 suppl 1): 151–170.
7246:Nutrición Hospitalaria
6893:. ASHG. Archived from
6080:"About Mongolian Spot"
5697:Psychological Research
5670:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403
5387:June 22, 2017, at the
5349:(in Spanish). Mexico:
5328:March 4, 2016, at the
5007:(in Spanish). Mexico:
5001:"Población inmigrante"
4088:on September 20, 2008.
3955:July 21, 2020, at the
3906:June 19, 2018, at the
3883:June 22, 2018, at the
3478:(in Spanish). Mexico:
3332:White Latino Americans
3190:
3128:
3005:
2962:
2927:
2848:
2843:Italian immigrants in
1911:
1869:
1650:
1614:
1556:
1534:
958:
586:Alexander von Humboldt
577:
488:
401:
340:in collaboration with
288:
79:
9062:White North Americans
8941:Identitarian movement
8526:Saint Kitts and Nevis
7910:20,000–100,000 people
6897:on September 13, 2014
6583:on December 27, 2014.
6402:cornish-mexico.org.uk
6114:June 1, 2020, at the
5796:"moreno - Definición"
5778:May 25, 2017, at the
4967:on September 20, 2008
4338:May 25, 2017, at the
3857:May 25, 2017, at the
3694:July 9, 2018, at the
3645:Navarrete, Federico.
3410:July 9, 2018, at the
3327:White Latin Americans
3185:
3126:
3084:Saúl "Canelo" Álvarez
3003:Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua
3000:
2957:
2921:
2842:
1907:
1864:
1648:
1602:
1551:
1537:Since the end of the
1533:at autograph signing.
1529:
991:White Population (%)
952:
572:
478:
392:
253:White Latin Americans
246:Related ethnic groups
8828:In the United States
8792:Whitewashing in film
6993:May 2, 2018, at the
6434:. January 21, 2011.
6229:10.1155/2018/1925619
5820:May 1, 2018, at the
5005:México Multicultural
3651:México Multicultural
3001:A Mennonite girl in
594:Intendecy/territory
8946:Non-Hispanic whites
8787:Whitewashing in art
8712:Settler colonialism
8645:Historical concepts
8455:Trinidad and Tobago
8253:European emigration
7996:1,000–20,000 people
7029:2009PNAS..106.8611S
6999:El Siglo de Durango
6935:10.1038/jhg.2012.67
6747:10.1038/jhg.2009.65
6709:on December 3, 2013
6602:on December 3, 2013
6264:. Donarsangre.org.
6090:on December 8, 2008
5662:2000JHumE..39...57J
5215:on October 10, 2017
4665:2011BMCEE..11..293K
3565:on January 27, 2018
3482:. 2017. p. 7.
3382:Spaniards in Mexico
3352:Indigenous Mexicans
3208:population genetics
3029:Spanish Republicans
1998:Baja California Sur
1553:Vicente Fox Quesada
157:Baja California Sur
73:
8931:European New Right
8926:Christian Identity
8702:Play the white man
8415:Dominican Republic
7214:10.1002/ajhb.10020
7085:10.1002/ajhb.20747
6337:on January 6, 2014
3661:on August 23, 2013
3601:on October 6, 2014
3265:reported that the
3191:
3139:, in the state of
3133:Mexican population
3129:
3056:Guillermo del Toro
3006:
2963:
2928:
2904:Mexican Revolution
2858:Mexican Revolution
2849:
1912:
1870:
1826:In 2017, Mexico's
1651:
1615:
1557:
1539:Mexican Revolution
1535:
974:Mexican Government
965:The World Factbook
959:
578:
539:The World Factbook
489:
402:
374:Mexican Revolution
357:Mexican Revolution
353:Indigenous peoples
301:Mexican government
71:
9044:
9043:
8996:White nationalism
8936:Great Replacement
8901:identity politics
8782:Whiteness studies
8692:First white child
8640:
8639:
8197:
8196:
8178:Mexico portal
8162:
8161:
7800:
7799:
7741:From Western Asia
7422:From the Americas
7023:(21): 8611–8616.
5483:on August 1, 2017
5360:on April 22, 2017
5179:Historia Mexicana
4632:978-1-4987-1379-5
4604:978-0-393-08342-2
4525:(Pt 2): 139–153.
4100:"Latinobarómetro"
3112:Alicia Villarreal
3041:Colegio de Mexico
2992:cheese production
2909:Spanish Civil War
2828:
2827:
2467:
2466:
2257:Ciudad del Carmen
1956:Mexican Americans
1950:According to the
1824:
1823:
1666:
1531:María Inés Guerra
1511:
1510:
982:Federative Units
932:
927:
926:
575:Adams-Onís Treaty
547:Official censuses
498:Mineral del Monte
289:Mexicanos blancos
278:
277:
228:Roman Catholicism
131:
80:Mexicanos blancos
66:
65:
45:length guidelines
9069:
9032:
9031:
8875:Angry white male
8751:Passing as white
8260:
8259:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8201:
8200:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8008:Chichimeca Jonaz
7811:
7810:
7743:and North Africa
7385:
7384:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7326:
7316:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7196:
7190:
7189:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7136:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7050:
7040:
7008:
7002:
6985:
6979:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6937:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6886:
6877:
6876:
6840:
6831:
6830:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6749:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6708:
6702:. Archived from
6685:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6554:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6469:(6): 1029–1055.
6454:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6376:
6370:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6336:
6329:
6321:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6241:
6231:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6185:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6123:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6086:. Archived from
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6037:
6031:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5934:
5924:
5900:
5894:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5866:www.inegi.org.mx
5858:
5852:
5835:
5829:
5812:
5806:
5793:
5787:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5720:
5703:(8): 2375–2384.
5688:
5682:
5681:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5621:
5612:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5543:
5537:
5527:
5521:
5512:
5506:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5476:. Archived from
5475:
5467:
5458:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5401:
5392:
5379:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5348:
5339:
5333:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5285:
5279:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5173:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5102:10.2307/27502710
5085:
5060:
5059:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5015:on July 22, 2011
5011:. Archived from
4996:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4959:
4948:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4894:
4871:
4870:
4842:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4794:
4783:
4781:
4771:
4754:(6): 1024–1036.
4739:
4730:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4694:
4676:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4542:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4459:
4450:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4368:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4256:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4178:
4167:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4115:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4081:. Archived from
4080:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4054:Internet Archive
4046:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4017:
4006:
3996:
3990:
3973:
3964:
3947:
3938:
3921:
3915:
3898:
3892:
3875:
3866:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3818:
3809:
3803:
3793:
3787:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3749:www.inegi.org.mx
3741:
3735:
3718:
3703:
3686:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3657:. Archived from
3642:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3594:. Archived from
3589:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3557:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3524:
3515:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3477:
3468:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3430:
3419:
3402:
3387:Racism in Mexico
3342:White Brazilians
3337:White Colombians
3311:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3119:Genetic research
3108:
3094:
3080:
3070:Inés Sainz Gallo
3066:
3052:
2969:in the state of
2913:Second World War
2469:
2468:
1969:
1968:
1817:
1815:
1803:
1801:
1789:
1787:
1775:
1773:
1761:
1759:
1747:
1745:
1733:
1731:
1719:
1717:
1705:
1703:
1691:
1689:
1677:
1675:
1664:
1657:
1516:European peoples
1015:(Distrito Norte)
979:
978:
955:Saturnino Herrán
930:
833:Nueva California
817:Vieja California
591:
590:
207:Chipilo Venetian
129:
116:Total population
111:
102:
101:
90:
82:
74:
70:
61:
58:
52:
43:Please read the
29:
28:
21:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9040:
9010:
9006:White supremacy
8894:
8843:Mountain whites
8816:
8812:White supremacy
8777:White privilege
8739:
8733:
8697:Honorary whites
8636:
8599:
8530:
8352:
8336:
8255:
8247:
8233:
8228:
8198:
8193:
8172:
8170:
8158:
8062:
7991:
7905:
7796:
7742:
7736:
7585:
7535:
7417:
7399:
7376:
7365:
7360:
7330:
7285:
7281:
7241:
7237:
7197:
7193:
7162:
7158:
7112:
7108:
7068:
7064:
7009:
7005:
6995:Wayback Machine
6986:
6982:
6972:Wayback Machine
6963:
6959:
6914:
6910:
6900:
6898:
6887:
6880:
6841:
6834:
6803:
6799:
6775:
6771:
6726:
6722:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6683:
6676:
6672:
6662:
6660:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6629:
6619:
6615:
6605:
6603:
6592:
6588:
6571:
6570:
6566:
6555:
6548:
6538:
6536:
6535:on June 6, 2011
6521:
6517:
6510:
6494:
6490:
6455:
6451:
6441:
6439:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6415:
6413:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6386:on May 3, 2012.
6378:
6377:
6373:
6363:Wayback Machine
6354:
6350:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6203:
6199:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6116:Wayback Machine
6107:
6103:
6093:
6091:
6084:tokyo-med.ac.jp
6078:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6054:
6038:
6034:
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5989:Miller (1999).
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5952:
5948:
5915:(9): e1004572.
5901:
5897:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5845:Wayback Machine
5836:
5832:
5822:Wayback Machine
5813:
5809:
5803:Wayback Machine
5794:
5790:
5780:Wayback Machine
5771:
5767:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5689:
5685:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5606:
5598:
5594:
5582:
5578:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5556:. p. 104.
5544:
5540:
5528:
5524:
5513:
5509:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5455:Wayback Machine
5446:
5442:
5402:
5395:
5389:Wayback Machine
5380:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5330:Wayback Machine
5321:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5286:
5282:
5276:Wayback Machine
5267:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5241:Wayback Machine
5232:
5228:
5218:
5216:
5205:
5198:
5174:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5137:
5133:
5086:
5063:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
4997:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4895:
4874:
4843:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4809:(38): 185–232.
4795:
4786:
4740:
4733:
4723:Wayback Machine
4713:
4709:
4645:
4641:
4633:
4617:
4613:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4574:
4572:
4511:
4507:
4474:(3): e1000037.
4460:
4453:
4443:Wayback Machine
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4400:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4340:Wayback Machine
4331:
4324:
4285:
4278:
4233:
4226:
4179:
4170:
4160:Wayback Machine
4150:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4116:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4030:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4009:
3997:
3993:
3983:Wayback Machine
3974:
3967:
3957:Wayback Machine
3948:
3941:
3931:Wayback Machine
3922:
3918:
3908:Wayback Machine
3899:
3895:
3889:Huffington post
3885:Wayback Machine
3876:
3869:
3859:Wayback Machine
3850:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3794:
3790:
3780:Wayback Machine
3771:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:Wayback Machine
3719:
3706:
3696:Wayback Machine
3687:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3643:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3507:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3422:
3412:Wayback Machine
3403:
3399:
3395:
3347:White Americans
3307:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3100:
3095:
3086:
3081:
3072:
3067:
3058:
3053:
3037:Francoist Spain
2896:Galicia (Spain)
2837:
2775:State of Mexico
2699:San Luis Potosi
2490:Baja California
2065:Ciudad Victoria
1837:white privilege
1833:systemic racism
1813:
1811:
1799:
1797:
1785:
1783:
1771:
1769:
1757:
1755:
1743:
1741:
1729:
1727:
1715:
1713:
1701:
1699:
1687:
1685:
1673:
1671:
1593:
1577:Mexican Spanish
1524:
1369:San Luis Potosí
1225:State of Mexico
1032:
1031:Baja California
1014:
1013:Baja California
947:
881:Nuevo Santander
673:San Luis Potosi
567:
549:
481:Miramare Castle
387:
382:
226:(predominantly
210:
201:
161:Baja California
138:
136:
132:
128:
126:
124:
96:
91:
84:
69:
62:
56:
53:
42:
39:may be too long
34:This article's
30:
26:
17:
16:Ethnic group(s)
12:
11:
5:
9075:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9038:
9026:
9021:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8991:White identity
8988:
8986:White Hispanic
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8967:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8917:
8916:
8905:
8903:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8824:
8822:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8809:
8807:Reverse racism
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8762:Skin whitening
8759:
8754:
8743:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8680:
8666:
8663:Blanqueamiento
8659:
8654:
8648:
8646:
8642:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8609:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8597:
8592:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8540:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8495:
8488:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8400:
8393:
8391:Cayman Islands
8388:
8383:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8344:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8268:
8266:
8257:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8227:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8204:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8180:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8154:Tohono Oʼodham
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8070:
8068:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7913:
7911:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7817:
7815:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7746:
7744:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7606:
7601:
7595:
7593:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7545:
7543:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7382:
7381:Non-Amerindian
7378:
7377:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7359:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7336:
7329:
7328:
7279:
7252:(2): 744–750.
7248:(in Spanish).
7235:
7208:(2): 257–263.
7191:
7156:
7127:(3): 231–237.
7106:
7079:(6): 647–650.
7062:
7003:
6980:
6957:
6928:(9): 568–574.
6908:
6878:
6851:(2): 213–216.
6832:
6813:(1–3): 96–98.
6797:
6769:
6740:(9): 504–509.
6720:
6690:(in Spanish).
6670:
6653:New York Times
6639:
6613:
6586:
6577:United Nations
6564:
6546:
6515:
6508:
6488:
6449:
6423:
6389:
6371:
6348:
6313:
6299:
6279:
6253:
6197:
6176:(5): 406–412.
6172:(in Spanish).
6156:
6124:
6101:
6071:
6053:978-1461226147
6052:
6032:
6015:
6002:978-0781720762
6001:
5981:
5966:(2): 117–122.
5962:(in Spanish).
5946:
5895:
5879:
5853:
5830:
5807:
5788:
5765:
5732:
5683:
5640:
5604:
5592:
5576:
5562:
5538:
5522:
5507:
5494:
5459:
5440:
5413:(5): 527–536.
5393:
5371:
5334:
5315:
5296:(in Spanish).
5280:
5261:
5249:
5226:
5196:
5185:(3): 327–348.
5181:(in Spanish).
5165:
5151:
5131:
5061:
5038:(in Spanish).
5026:
4978:
4930:
4904:
4872:
4853:(4): 619–623.
4847:Family Process
4824:
4805:(in Spanish).
4784:
4760:10.1086/518313
4731:
4707:
4639:
4631:
4611:
4603:
4583:
4505:
4451:
4428:
4414:
4394:
4360:
4348:
4322:
4295:(5): 652–678.
4276:
4247:(2): 125–133.
4224:
4193:(3): 489–514.
4168:
4144:
4130:
4121:Mexico Racista
4105:
4091:
4066:
4041:
4007:
3991:
3965:
3961:Economiahoy.mx
3939:
3916:
3893:
3867:
3841:
3804:
3788:
3762:
3736:
3704:
3672:
3653:(in Spanish).
3622:
3612:
3576:
3543:
3505:
3454:
3420:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Criollo people
3364:
3362:Asian Mexicans
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3298:
3282:
3279:
3187:Enrique Krauze
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3098:Lorena Herrera
3096:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3047:
2979:Álvaro Obregón
2866:Mexico's North
2836:
2833:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:Aguascalientes
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1952:2010 US Census
1866:Denise Maerker
1822:
1821:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1609:, painting by
1592:
1589:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:(Distrito Sur)
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:Aguascalientes
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
946:
943:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
829:
828:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
717:
716:
713:
710:
707:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
566:
563:
548:
545:
519:Basque Country
386:
383:
381:
378:
281:White Mexicans
276:
275:
248:
247:
243:
242:
220:
219:
215:
214:
197:
196:
192:
191:
145:
144:
140:
139:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
93:
92:
77:
72:White Mexicans
67:
64:
63:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9074:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9037:
9036:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8915:
8914:One-drop rule
8912:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8897:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8819:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8752:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8736:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8724:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8686:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8643:
8633:
8632:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8620:New Caledonia
8618:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8602:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8563:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8546:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8536:South America
8533:
8527:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8480:
8479:San Francisco
8477:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8465:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8461:United States
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:North America
8355:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8339:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8225:
8220:
8218:
8213:
8211:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8179:
8169:
8168:
8165:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7908:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7803:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7739:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7713:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7374:
7368:
7364:
7357:
7352:
7350:
7345:
7343:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7283:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7195:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7172:(1): 97–100.
7171:
7167:
7160:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7110:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7066:
7058:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6989:
6984:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6961:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6912:
6896:
6892:
6885:
6883:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6839:
6837:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6793:
6789:
6786:(3): 309–27.
6785:
6781:
6780:Human Biology
6773:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6681:
6674:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6643:
6628:
6624:
6617:
6601:
6597:
6590:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6568:
6560:
6553:
6551:
6534:
6530:
6529:Orbis Latinus
6526:
6519:
6511:
6509:9780292773318
6505:
6501:
6500:
6492:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6453:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6352:
6333:
6326:
6320:
6318:
6302:
6300:9789688591109
6296:
6292:
6291:
6283:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6249:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6201:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6160:
6141:
6134:
6128:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6105:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6036:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6004:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5985:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5909:PLOS Genetics
5906:
5899:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5834:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5811:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5792:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5769:
5750:
5742:
5736:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5656:(1): 57–106.
5655:
5651:
5644:
5625:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5565:
5563:9780674497061
5559:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5542:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5504:
5498:
5479:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5378:
5376:
5356:
5352:
5344:
5338:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5319:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5265:
5258:
5253:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5201:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5172:
5170:
5154:
5152:9789681613402
5148:
5144:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4900:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4615:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4540:2027.42/65937
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:PLOS Genetics
4465:
4458:
4456:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4421:September 12,
4417:
4415:9789682301063
4411:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4327:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4133:
4131:9786073143646
4127:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4101:
4095:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4038:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3988:
3987:Tomatazos.com
3984:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3616:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Afro-Mexicans
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:Europe portal
3299:
3296:
3295:Mexico portal
3285:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3113:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:Porfirio Díaz
2846:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2041:Gómez Palacio
2038:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1909:Altaír Jarabo
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1517:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
977:
975:
969:
967:
966:
956:
951:
942:
939:
933:
922:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
898:
894:
890:
887:
884:
882:
878:
874:
871:
868:
866:
862:
858:
855:
852:
850:
846:
842:
839:
836:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
818:
814:
810:
807:
804:
802:
798:
794:
791:
788:
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
770:
766:
762:
759:
756:
754:
750:
746:
743:
740:
738:
734:
730:
727:
724:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
706:
702:
698:
695:
692:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:
674:
670:
666:
663:
660:
658:
654:
650:
647:
644:
642:
638:
634:
631:
628:
626:
622:
618:
615:
612:
610:
606:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:
587:
583:
576:
571:
562:
559:
555:
544:
541:
540:
533:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
499:
495:
486:
482:
477:
473:
471:
467:
466:conquistadors
463:
462:ethnocentrist
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Latin America
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:Hernán Cortés
407:
399:
395:
391:
377:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
321:
314:
311:
307:
302:
299:ancestry.The
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
244:
241:
237:
233:
232:Protestantism
229:
225:
221:
216:
213:
208:
204:
198:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
135:
134:United States
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
100:
94:
88:
81:
75:
60:
50:
46:
40:
38:
32:
23:
22:
19:
9033:
8976:White ethnic
8890:White monkey
8797:White savior
8767:White flight
8747:Acting white
8738:Sociological
8721:
8682:
8677:Peninsulares
8675:
8668:
8661:
8629:
8612:
8587:
8560:
8543:
8511:
8497:
8490:
8466:
8459:
8444:
8402:
8395:
8378:
8317:South Africa
8241:
8231:White people
7927:Chontal Maya
7896:Yucatec Maya
7698:Scandinavian
7590:
7371:
7296:
7292:
7282:
7249:
7245:
7238:
7205:
7201:
7194:
7169:
7165:
7159:
7124:
7120:
7109:
7076:
7072:
7065:
7020:
7016:
7006:
6998:
6983:
6976:El Universal
6975:
6960:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6899:. Retrieved
6895:the original
6848:
6844:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6783:
6779:
6772:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6711:. Retrieved
6704:the original
6694:(2): 29–57.
6691:
6687:
6673:
6661:. Retrieved
6652:
6642:
6630:. Retrieved
6626:
6616:
6604:. Retrieved
6600:the original
6589:
6581:the original
6576:
6567:
6558:
6537:. Retrieved
6533:the original
6528:
6518:
6498:
6491:
6466:
6462:
6452:
6440:. Retrieved
6426:
6414:. Retrieved
6401:
6392:
6384:the original
6374:
6366:
6351:
6339:. Retrieved
6332:the original
6325:"Jean Meyer"
6304:. Retrieved
6289:
6282:
6270:. Retrieved
6256:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6200:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6149:November 16,
6147:. Retrieved
6127:
6120:El Universal
6119:
6104:
6092:. Retrieved
6088:the original
6083:
6074:
6062:. Retrieved
6042:
6035:
6022:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
5991:
5984:
5972:. Retrieved
5963:
5959:
5949:
5912:
5908:
5898:
5890:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5868:(in Spanish)
5865:
5856:
5848:
5833:
5826:El Universal
5825:
5810:
5791:
5783:
5768:
5756:. Retrieved
5735:
5700:
5696:
5686:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5631:. Retrieved
5595:
5587:
5579:
5567:. Retrieved
5548:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5510:
5502:
5497:
5485:. Retrieved
5478:the original
5443:
5410:
5406:
5362:. Retrieved
5355:the original
5337:
5318:
5308:November 18,
5306:. Retrieved
5297:
5293:
5283:
5264:
5256:
5252:
5229:
5217:. Retrieved
5213:the original
5182:
5178:
5156:. Retrieved
5141:
5134:
5096:(3): 23–49.
5093:
5089:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
5013:the original
5004:
4969:. Retrieved
4962:the original
4953:
4921:. Retrieved
4907:
4898:
4850:
4846:
4817:November 18,
4815:. Retrieved
4806:
4803:Convergencia
4802:
4751:
4747:
4726:
4710:
4656:
4652:
4642:
4621:
4614:
4593:
4586:
4573:. Retrieved
4522:
4518:
4508:
4471:
4467:
4446:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4404:
4397:
4385:. Retrieved
4376:
4351:
4344:Plosgenetics
4343:
4292:
4288:
4244:
4240:
4190:
4186:
4163:
4147:
4137:February 23,
4135:. Retrieved
4120:
4094:
4083:the original
4069:
4057:. Retrieved
4053:
4044:
4036:
4029:. Retrieved
4002:
3994:
3986:
3960:
3934:
3919:
3912:El Universal
3911:
3901:"Ser Blanco"
3896:
3888:
3862:
3832:. Retrieved
3820:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3753:. Retrieved
3751:(in Spanish)
3748:
3739:
3731:
3699:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3650:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3596:the original
3591:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3560:the original
3546:
3534:. Retrieved
3500:
3491:. Retrieved
3445:. Retrieved
3441:
3433:
3415:
3400:
3322:White people
3271:X chromosome
3260:
3229:
3205:
3192:
3165:
3130:
3033:Nationalists
3025:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2964:
2929:
2900:
2850:
2829:
1964:
1949:
1937:
1913:
1871:
1845:
1825:
1665:(inegi 2017)
1652:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1565:white people
1558:
1536:
1512:
1353:Quintana Roo
970:
963:
960:
934:
928:
801:Nuevo Mexico
579:
550:
537:
534:
526:Peninsulares
525:
523:
490:
454:
450:Peninsulares
449:
431:
422:Aztec Empire
418:Tlaxcaltecas
403:
393:
361:
346:
318:
315:
280:
279:
224:Christianity
212:Plautdietsch
133:
121:
68:Ethnic group
54:
37:lead section
35:
18:
9001:White pride
8863:White trash
8848:Poor Whites
8772:White guilt
8631:New Zealand
8519:Puerto Rico
8474:Los Angeles
8420:El Salvador
8256:by location
8129:Motozintlec
7760:Palestinian
7591:From Europe
7569:Mexico City
7476:Costa Rican
6663:January 13,
6632:January 13,
6606:January 13,
6416:January 13,
6222:: 1925619.
5518:Reverse net
5158:January 27,
4210:10871/33766
3605:January 13,
3553:2010 Census
3263:Mexico City
3213:Mexico City
3149:Mexico City
3020:malinchismo
3016:La Malinche
3011:malinchismo
2945:Saints days
2794:Mexico City
2214:Mexico City
2209:Mexico City
2017:Guadalajara
1954:, 52.8% of
1921:Mexico City
1899:Mexico City
1841:colonialism
1663:Percentage
1543:Mexico City
1522:Present day
1209:Mexico City
945:1921 census
753:Guadalajara
565:1793 census
400:, ca. 1730.
230:, minority
189:Mexico City
125:52 million
9051:Categories
8964:Quebeckers
8950:Old Stock
8729:White gods
8468:California
8397:Costa Rica
8048:Qʼanjobʼal
8028:Mexicanero
7806:Amerindian
7683:Portuguese
7531:Venezuelan
7521:Salvadoran
7511:Nicaraguan
7496:Guatemalan
7491:Ecuadorian
6627:Forbes.com
6341:January 5,
6306:January 5,
6094:October 1,
5364:August 23,
5219:August 24,
4913:"Tlaxcala"
4659:(1): 293.
4575:October 3,
4031:August 23,
3536:August 24,
3493:August 23,
3393:References
3225:Nuevo León
3189:historian.
3161:Amerindian
3141:Nuevo León
2983:Mennonites
2924:Guanajuato
2886:, and the
2862:Protestant
2737:Guanajuato
2585:Nuevo Leon
2310:Guanajuato
2094:Nuevo Leon
2070:Tamaulipas
1890:light eyes
1882:red-haired
1874:blond hair
1635:Indigenous
1611:Carl Nebel
1433:Tamaulipas
1289:Nuevo Leon
1145:Guanajuato
865:Nuevo Leon
785:Valladolid
657:Guanajuato
442:indigenous
326:blond hair
185:Nuevo León
137:16,794,111
57:April 2024
8959:Canadians
8954:Americans
8921:Alt-right
8838:Hillbilly
8652:Apartheid
8614:Australia
8595:Venezuela
8545:Argentina
8505:Baltimore
8492:Louisiana
8425:Guatemala
8386:Caribbean
8099:Kaqchikel
8074:Aguacatec
8043:Pima Bajo
7972:Tojolabal
7866:Purépecha
7821:Chinantec
7732:Ukrainian
7703:Norwegian
7663:Hungarian
7651:Mennonite
7621:Bulgarian
7526:Uruguayan
7486:Dominican
7471:Colombian
7456:Brazilian
7446:Argentine
7274:196279677
6700:1665-8906
6483:0141-9870
6029:eMedicine
5758:April 28,
5633:April 28,
5300:: 69–91.
5056:162365969
4923:March 11,
4683:1471-2148
4549:0003-4800
4317:145295212
4263:0036-3634
4219:144786737
3834:April 30,
3317:Europeans
3267:autosomal
3252:Zacatecas
3217:Chihuahua
3137:Monterrey
2987:Chihuahua
2875:secession
2845:Monterrey
2756:Queretaro
2642:Michoacan
2334:Zacatecas
2329:Zacatecas
2089:Monterrey
1660:Skin Type
1629:In 2010,
1497:Zacatecas
1337:Querétaro
1241:Michoacan
1113:Chihuahua
689:Zacatecas
554:New Spain
507:Cantabria
457:New World
398:New Spain
257:Spaniards
240:Mormonism
200:Spanish,
195:Languages
181:Chihuahua
173:Zacatecas
47:and help
8858:Rednecks
8684:Criollos
8583:Suriname
8573:Paraguay
8568:Colombia
8499:Maryland
8435:Honduras
8410:Dominica
8369:Barbados
8348:Pakistan
8332:Zimbabwe
8282:Botswana
8144:Qʼeqchiʼ
8124:Lacandon
8119:Kumeyaay
8033:Ocuiltec
8023:Jacaltec
8018:Guarijio
7967:Tepehuán
7962:Popoluca
7937:Cuicatec
7876:Tlapanec
7871:Rarámuri
7777:Assyrian
7772:Armenian
7755:Lebanese
7688:Romanian
7626:Croatian
7599:Austrian
7564:Japanese
7554:Filipino
7516:Peruvian
7506:Honduran
7461:Canadian
7451:Belizean
7429:American
7373:Mexicans
7323:24764751
7266:25617558
7230:31830084
7222:11891937
7186:15935948
7151:26481247
7143:21163863
7101:28766515
7093:18770527
7057:19433783
6991:Archived
6968:Archived
6944:22832385
6901:July 18,
6865:28557218
6827:12969629
6764:13714976
6756:19680268
6713:July 19,
6657:Archived
6539:July 19,
6442:July 19,
6436:Archived
6410:Archived
6359:Archived
6272:July 15,
6266:Archived
6248:29850485
6192:12389483
6140:Archived
6112:Archived
6058:Archived
5968:Archived
5941:25254375
5872:April 2,
5841:Archived
5818:Archived
5799:Archived
5784:CONAPRED
5776:Archived
5749:Archived
5727:31201533
5678:10896812
5624:Archived
5487:June 23,
5451:Archived
5435:41443294
5427:16638736
5385:Archived
5326:Archived
5302:Archived
5272:Archived
5237:Archived
5191:25134694
5126:29111441
5118:17605190
5110:27502710
5019:July 19,
4971:July 19,
4917:Archived
4867:12613120
4811:Archived
4778:17503322
4719:Archived
4701:21978175
4569:Archived
4565:13702953
4557:15008793
4500:18369456
4439:Archived
4381:Archived
4336:Archived
4309:20799484
4271:21537803
4156:Archived
4025:Archived
3979:Archived
3953:Archived
3927:Archived
3904:Archived
3881:Archived
3863:CONAPRED
3855:Archived
3825:Archived
3776:Archived
3755:April 2,
3724:Archived
3692:Archived
3665:July 19,
3569:July 11,
3527:Archived
3501:CONAPRED
3484:Archived
3480:CONAPRED
3447:March 6,
3408:Archived
3281:See also
3244:Veracruz
3236:Guerrero
3153:Mestizos
3145:European
2975:Venetian
2949:Carnival
2937:Cossacks
2933:football
2911:and the
2892:Asturias
2680:Veracruz
2566:Coahuila
2358:Tlaxcala
2353:Tlaxcala
2262:Campeche
2190:Coahuila
2166:Veracruz
2161:Saladero
2142:Coahuila
2137:Saltillo
2118:Veracruz
2113:Veracruz
1941:Mestizos
1854:and the
1631:CONAPRED
1606:mantilla
1561:European
1465:Veracruz
1449:Tlaxcala
1161:Guerrero
1065:Coahuila
1049:Campeche
913:Tlaxcala
849:Coahuila
769:Veracruz
517:and the
494:Cornwall
470:criollos
446:mestizos
438:criollos
414:Totonacs
364:Mestizos
308:and the
297:European
273:Mestizos
261:Italians
218:Religion
203:Venetian
177:Coahuila
9035:Commons
8853:Redlegs
8605:Oceania
8589:Uruguay
8551:Bolivia
8440:Jamaica
8374:Bermuda
8364:Bahamas
8322:Tunisia
8312:Reunion
8307:Namibia
8302:Morocco
8272:Algeria
8104:K'iche'
8089:Ixcatec
8084:Cocopah
8079:Cochimí
8058:Tepehua
8053:Tacuate
7947:Huichol
7922:Chatino
7901:Zapotec
7891:Tzotzil
7886:Tzeltal
7881:Totonac
7841:Mazatec
7836:Mazahua
7831:Huastec
7792:Turkish
7787:Iranian
7715:Spanish
7708:Swedish
7693:Russian
7673:Italian
7614:Cornish
7609:British
7604:Belgian
7549:Chinese
7501:Haitian
7466:Chilean
7434:Mascogo
7395:Mestizo
7314:3983580
7115:2011).
7048:2680428
7025:Bibcode
6952:2876124
6873:8177392
6792:2055589
6367:Milenio
6239:5937518
6064:May 17,
6008:May 17,
5974:June 2,
5932:4177621
5718:7515938
5658:Bibcode
5588:Mesoweb
5569:May 18,
4769:1867092
4692:3217880
4661:Bibcode
4491:2265669
4447:fsu org
4387:July 1,
4059:June 1,
3372:Castizo
3275:Latinos
3248:Yucatan
3223:, 62%;
3219:, 50%;
3196:African
3177:Jalisco
3169:Durango
3157:INMEGEN
2967:Chipilo
2880:Sinaloa
2847:in 1905
2818:27.43%
2815:61.82%
2801:23.70%
2798:66.72%
2782:21.11%
2779:70.68%
2763:23.60%
2760:65.71%
2744:26.83%
2741:61.98%
2728:10.28%
2725:26.25%
2722:61.42%
2706:24.27%
2703:67.47%
2687:21.90%
2684:67.82%
2668:18.73%
2665:74.36%
2649:29.51%
2646:60.25%
2630:29.95%
2627:57.85%
2623:Jalisco
2611:29.62%
2608:59.20%
2604:Nayarit
2595:10.10%
2592:25.62%
2589:62.43%
2573:23.49%
2570:66.17%
2557:11.33%
2554:26.89%
2551:59.29%
2547:Durango
2535:32.93%
2532:56.46%
2528:Sinaloa
2516:30.48%
2513:58.58%
2497:28.79%
2494:60.25%
2484:AB (%)
2430:Tabasco
2425:Paraiso
2286:Yucatan
2238:Durango
2233:Durango
2197:24.47%
2194:66.35%
2185:Torreón
2056:10.76%
2053:29.17%
2050:57.99%
2046:Durango
2022:Jalisco
2002:58.49%
1987:AB (%)
1933:Jalisco
1929:Chiapas
1852:CONACyT
1639:African
1585:güerito
1573:blancos
1507:05.26%
1504:08.54%
1501:86.10%
1491:21.85%
1488:43.31%
1485:33.83%
1481:Yucatán
1475:10.28%
1472:36.60%
1469:50.09%
1459:02.53%
1456:54.70%
1453:42.44%
1443:13.62%
1440:13.89%
1437:69.77%
1427:27.56%
1424:18.50%
1421:53.67%
1417:Tabasco
1411:42.54%
1408:14.00%
1405:41.04%
1395:00.19%
1392:00.93%
1389:98.30%
1385:Sinaloa
1379:05.41%
1376:30.60%
1373:61.88%
1363:15.16%
1360:20.59%
1357:42.35%
1347:00.30%
1344:19.40%
1341:80.15%
1331:05.66%
1328:54.73%
1325:39.34%
1315:01.43%
1312:69.17%
1309:28.15%
1299:19.23%
1296:05.14%
1293:75.47%
1283:05.83%
1280:20.38%
1277:73.45%
1273:Nayarit
1267:03.59%
1264:34.93%
1261:61.24%
1257:Morelos
1251:06.94%
1248:21.04%
1245:70.95%
1235:10.02%
1232:42.13%
1229:47.71%
1219:22.79%
1216:18.75%
1213:54.78%
1203:07.31%
1200:16.76%
1197:75.83%
1193:Jalisco
1187:08.83%
1184:39.49%
1181:51.47%
1177:Hidalgo
1171:02.07%
1168:43.84%
1165:54.05%
1155:00.54%
1152:02.96%
1149:96.33%
1139:00.01%
1136:09.99%
1133:89.85%
1129:Durango
1123:36.33%
1120:12.76%
1117:50.09%
1107:11.82%
1104:47.64%
1101:36.27%
1097:Chiapas
1091:04.50%
1088:26.00%
1085:68.54%
1075:10.13%
1072:11.38%
1069:77.88%
1059:14.17%
1056:43.41%
1053:41.45%
1043:33.40%
1040:06.06%
1037:59.61%
1025:00.35%
1022:07.72%
1019:72.50%
1007:16.77%
1004:16.70%
1001:66.12%
957:, 1909.
737:Yucatan
705:Durango
515:Galicia
511:Navarra
502:Pachuca
485:Trieste
380:History
313:times.
285:Spanish
269:Germans
236:Judaism
169:Jalisco
165:Durango
153:Sinaloa
87:Spanish
8899:White
8670:Castas
8625:Hawaii
8556:Brazil
8486:Hawaii
8450:Panama
8445:Mexico
8380:Canada
8327:Zambia
8297:Malawi
8277:Angola
8264:Africa
8139:Paipai
8114:Kiliwa
8109:Kikapú
8003:Chocho
7977:Triqui
7917:Amuzgo
7851:Mixtec
7782:Jewish
7765:Syrian
7720:Basque
7678:Polish
7646:German
7641:French
7581:Romani
7576:Korean
7559:Indian
7439:Mormon
7413:Kenyan
7388:Mexico
7321:
7311:
7272:
7264:
7228:
7220:
7184:
7149:
7141:
7099:
7091:
7055:
7045:
6950:
6942:
6871:
6863:
6825:
6790:
6762:
6754:
6698:
6506:
6481:
6297:
6246:
6236:
6190:
6050:
5999:
5939:
5929:
5725:
5715:
5676:
5560:
5433:
5425:
5189:
5149:
5124:
5116:
5108:
5054:
4865:
4776:
4766:
4727:Pubmed
4699:
4689:
4681:
4629:
4601:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4498:
4488:
4412:
4315:
4307:
4269:
4261:
4217:
4128:
3935:forbes
3377:Gringo
3256:Sonora
3240:Oaxaca
3221:Sonora
3171:or to
2971:Puebla
2884:Sonora
2824:1.81%
2821:8.93%
2812:Total
2807:1.54%
2804:8.04%
2788:1.04%
2785:7.18%
2769:1.29%
2766:9.40%
2750:1.85%
2747:9.33%
2731:2.05%
2712:0.97%
2709:7.28%
2693:1.34%
2690:8.94%
2674:0.87%
2671:6.05%
2661:Puebla
2655:2.44%
2652:9.04%
2636:2.42%
2633:9.78%
2617:1.85%
2614:9.32%
2598:1.85%
2579:1.33%
2576:9.01%
2560:2.50%
2541:2.05%
2538:8.56%
2522:1.84%
2519:9.11%
2509:Sonora
2503:1.92%
2500:9.03%
2481:B (%)
2478:A (%)
2475:O (%)
2472:State
2457:25.0%
2454:65.0%
2448:Total
2437:14.9%
2434:75.8%
2413:20.5%
2410:71.8%
2406:Oaxaca
2401:Oaxaca
2389:19.5%
2386:72.3%
2382:Puebla
2377:Puebla
2365:19.6%
2362:71.7%
2344:13.5%
2341:22.2%
2338:61.9%
2317:24.7%
2314:65.3%
2296:10.5%
2293:21.1%
2290:67.5%
2281:Mérida
2269:22.0%
2266:69.7%
2245:38.6%
2242:55.1%
2221:23.4%
2218:67.7%
2203:0.88%
2176:10.9%
2173:28.6%
2170:60.5%
2149:24.9%
2146:64.2%
2125:25.7%
2122:64.2%
2101:26.5%
2098:63.1%
2077:27.3%
2074:63.6%
2059:2.08%
2029:31.2%
2026:57.2%
2011:1.71%
2008:8.40%
2005:31.4%
1993:La Paz
1984:B (%)
1981:A (%)
1978:O (%)
1975:State
1925:Oaxaca
1850:, the
1816:
1812:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1784:
1778:37.4%
1774:
1770:
1764:30.0%
1760:
1756:
1750:13.0%
1746:
1742:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1672:
1613:, 1836
1569:güeros
1401:Sonora
1321:Puebla
1305:Oaxaca
1081:Colima
923:13.8%
920:72.4%
917:13.6%
907:32.4%
904:27.3%
901:39.7%
891:50.8%
888:23.3%
885:25.8%
875:31.6%
872:05.5%
869:62.6%
859:40.0%
856:28.9%
853:30.9%
843:09.8%
840:89.9%
827:47.9%
824:51.7%
811:69.0%
808:30.8%
795:29.6%
792:42.5%
789:27.6%
779:15.2%
776:74.0%
773:10.4%
763:34.7%
760:33.3%
757:31.7%
747:12.3%
744:72.6%
741:14.8%
731:26.4%
728:44.9%
725:28.5%
721:Sonora
715:43.5%
712:36.0%
709:20.2%
699:55.1%
696:29.0%
693:15.8%
683:35.7%
680:51.2%
677:13.0%
667:29.9%
664:44.0%
661:25.8%
651:05.2%
648:88.2%
645:06.3%
641:Oaxaca
635:15.3%
632:74.3%
629:10.1%
625:Puebla
619:16.7%
616:66.1%
613:16.9%
609:Mexico
416:, the
369:mixing
265:French
251:Other
149:Sonora
122:Mexico
83:
8885:Basic
8880:Becky
8870:Karen
8657:Aryan
8562:Chile
8430:Haiti
8292:Kenya
8134:Opata
7987:Zoque
7982:Yaqui
7942:Huave
7861:Otomi
7856:Nahua
7826:Ch'ol
7727:Swiss
7668:Irish
7658:Greek
7636:Dutch
7631:Czech
7481:Cuban
7270:S2CID
7226:S2CID
7147:S2CID
7097:S2CID
6948:S2CID
6869:S2CID
6760:S2CID
6707:(PDF)
6684:(PDF)
6335:(PDF)
6328:(PDF)
6143:(PDF)
6136:(PDF)
5891:INEGI
5849:INEGI
5752:(PDF)
5745:(PDF)
5627:(PDF)
5620:(PDF)
5481:(PDF)
5474:(PDF)
5431:S2CID
5358:(PDF)
5351:INEGI
5347:(PDF)
5245:INEGI
5187:JSTOR
5122:S2CID
5106:JSTOR
5052:S2CID
5042:(1).
4965:(PDF)
4958:(PDF)
4561:S2CID
4313:S2CID
4305:JSTOR
4215:S2CID
4086:(PDF)
4079:(PDF)
3828:(PDF)
3821:INEGI
3817:(PDF)
3800:INEGI
3784:INEGI
3700:INEGI
3599:(PDF)
3588:(PDF)
3563:(PDF)
3556:(PDF)
3530:(PDF)
3523:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3476:(PDF)
3416:INEGI
2871:Texas
2463:1.4%
2460:8.6%
2443:0.0%
2440:9.3%
2419:0.0%
2416:7.7%
2395:0.8%
2392:7.4%
2371:2.2%
2368:6.5%
2347:2.4%
2323:4.0%
2320:6.0%
2299:0.9%
2275:1.8%
2272:6.4%
2251:0.0%
2248:6.3%
2227:1.7%
2224:7.2%
2200:8.3%
2179:0.0%
2155:1.2%
2152:9.7%
2131:2.0%
2128:8.1%
2107:1.4%
2083:1.7%
2080:7.4%
2035:1.9%
2032:9.7%
1972:City
1960:White
1820:2.1%
1806:4.9%
1792:5.2%
1736:2.7%
1722:3.0%
1708:1.0%
1694:0.5%
1680:0.2%
1619:white
1581:Güero
897:Texas
444:and "
293:white
9019:Race
8578:Peru
8404:Cuba
8341:Asia
8242:Bold
8149:Seri
8094:Ixil
8038:Pame
8013:Chuj
7957:Mayo
7932:Cora
7846:Mixe
7750:Arab
7319:PMID
7262:PMID
7218:PMID
7182:PMID
7139:PMID
7089:PMID
7053:PMID
6940:PMID
6903:2012
6861:PMID
6823:PMID
6788:PMID
6752:PMID
6715:2011
6696:ISSN
6665:2016
6634:2016
6608:2016
6541:2011
6504:ISBN
6479:ISSN
6444:2011
6418:2016
6343:2014
6308:2014
6295:ISBN
6274:2019
6244:PMID
6220:2018
6210:Loci
6188:PMID
6151:2012
6096:2015
6066:2014
6048:ISBN
6010:2014
5997:ISBN
5976:2017
5937:PMID
5874:2024
5760:2017
5723:PMID
5674:PMID
5635:2011
5571:2017
5558:ISBN
5489:2017
5423:PMID
5366:2017
5310:2020
5221:2017
5160:2018
5147:ISBN
5114:PMID
5021:2011
5009:UNAM
4973:2011
4925:2012
4863:PMID
4819:2020
4774:PMID
4697:PMID
4679:ISSN
4627:ISBN
4599:ISBN
4577:2022
4553:PMID
4545:ISSN
4496:PMID
4423:2017
4410:ISBN
4389:2017
4267:PMID
4259:ISSN
4139:2018
4126:ISBN
4061:2024
4033:2017
3836:2018
3757:2024
3732:CNDH
3667:2011
3655:UNAM
3607:2016
3571:2011
3538:2017
3495:2017
3449:2022
3254:and
3035:and
2894:and
2305:Leon
1945:IMSS
1856:CNDH
1848:UNAM
1839:and
500:and
7952:Mam
7309:PMC
7301:doi
7254:doi
7210:doi
7174:doi
7170:151
7129:doi
7081:doi
7043:PMC
7033:doi
7021:106
6930:doi
6853:doi
6815:doi
6811:136
6742:doi
6471:doi
6234:PMC
6224:doi
6178:doi
6027:at
5927:PMC
5917:doi
5713:PMC
5705:doi
5666:doi
5415:doi
5243:, "
5098:doi
5044:doi
4855:doi
4764:PMC
4756:doi
4687:PMC
4669:doi
4535:hdl
4527:doi
4486:PMC
4476:doi
4297:doi
4249:doi
4205:hdl
4195:doi
2451:~~
2104:9%
1637:or
1583:or
1575:in
1571:or
1563:or
483:in
234:),
209:),
9053::
7317:.
7307:.
7297:37
7295:.
7291:.
7268:.
7260:.
7250:31
7224:.
7216:.
7206:14
7204:.
7180:.
7168:.
7145:.
7137:.
7125:12
7123:.
7119:.
7095:.
7087:.
7077:20
7075:.
7051:.
7041:.
7031:.
7019:.
7015:.
6997:,
6974:,
6946:.
6938:.
6926:57
6924:.
6920:.
6881:^
6867:.
6859:.
6847:.
6835:^
6821:.
6809:.
6784:63
6782:.
6758:.
6750:.
6738:54
6736:.
6732:.
6686:.
6655:.
6651:.
6625:.
6549:^
6477:.
6467:21
6465:.
6461:.
6408:.
6404:.
6400:.
6365:,
6316:^
6242:.
6232:.
6218:.
6214:.
6186:.
6174:44
6138:.
6118:,
6082:.
6056:.
5964:62
5935:.
5925:.
5913:10
5911:.
5907:.
5889:,
5864:.
5847:,
5824:,
5782:,
5721:.
5711:.
5701:84
5699:.
5695:.
5672:.
5664:.
5654:39
5652:.
5607:^
5586:,
5552:.
5534:GQ
5532:,
5462:^
5429:.
5421:.
5411:46
5409:.
5396:^
5374:^
5298:53
5199:^
5183:17
5168:^
5120:.
5112:.
5104:.
5094:20
5092:.
5064:^
5050:.
5040:20
4981:^
4933:^
4875:^
4861:.
4851:41
4849:.
4827:^
4807:12
4787:^
4772:.
4762:.
4752:80
4750:.
4746:.
4734:^
4725:,
4695:.
4685:.
4677:.
4667:.
4657:11
4655:.
4651:.
4567:.
4559:.
4551:.
4543:.
4533:.
4523:68
4521:.
4517:.
4494:.
4484:.
4470:.
4466:.
4454:^
4445:,
4363:^
4342:,
4325:^
4311:.
4303:.
4293:75
4291:.
4279:^
4265:.
4257:.
4245:53
4243:.
4239:.
4227:^
4213:.
4203:.
4189:.
4185:.
4171:^
4162:,
4108:^
4052:.
4035:.
4010:^
4001:,
3985:,
3968:^
3959:,
3942:^
3933:,
3910:,
3887:,
3870:^
3861:,
3844:^
3819:.
3798:,
3782:,
3765:^
3747:.
3730:,
3707:^
3698:,
3675:^
3625:^
3590:.
3508:^
3457:^
3440:.
3423:^
3414:,
3250:,
3246:,
3242:,
3238:,
3179:.
2947:,
2882:,
1962:.
1927:,
1835:,
837:~
821:~
805:~
521:.
513:,
509:,
287::
271:·
267:·
263:·
259:·
255:·
238:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
155:,
151:,
8753:)
8749:(
8223:e
8216:t
8209:v
7355:e
7348:t
7341:v
7325:.
7303::
7276:.
7256::
7232:.
7212::
7188:.
7176::
7153:.
7131::
7103:.
7083::
7059:.
7035::
7027::
6954:.
6932::
6905:.
6875:.
6855::
6849:7
6829:.
6817::
6794:.
6766:.
6744::
6717:.
6692:3
6667:.
6636:.
6610:.
6543:.
6512:.
6485:.
6473::
6446:.
6420:.
6345:.
6310:.
6276:.
6250:.
6226::
6194:.
6180::
6153:.
6098:.
6068:.
6012:.
5978:.
5943:.
5919::
5876:.
5762:.
5729:.
5707::
5680:.
5668::
5660::
5637:.
5573:.
5491:.
5457:.
5437:.
5417::
5368:.
5312:.
5223:.
5193:.
5162:.
5128:.
5100::
5058:.
5046::
5023:.
4975:.
4927:.
4869:.
4857::
4821:.
4780:.
4758::
4703:.
4671::
4663::
4635:.
4607:.
4579:.
4537::
4529::
4502:.
4478::
4472:4
4425:.
4391:.
4319:.
4299::
4273:.
4251::
4221:.
4207::
4197::
4191:3
4141:.
4102:.
4063:.
3838:.
3759:.
3669:.
3609:.
3573:.
3540:.
3497:.
3451:.
1814:K
1800:J
1786:I
1772:H
1758:G
1744:F
1730:E
1716:D
1702:C
1688:B
1674:A
929:~
283:(
205:(
89:)
85:(
59:)
55:(
51:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
