277:
The
Xiuchuge in Bingzhou rose to power during the final decades of the Han. In 188 AD, they rebelled and killed the Han provincial inspector, Zhang Yi (張懿). They then proceeded to ally themselves with the Xiluo clan (醯落) of the Right Division of the Southern Xiongnu and killed the chanyu,
156:
period. The Chuge's influence were as such that by the 4th century, they were seen as a distinct group from the rest of the
Xiongnu, and they continued to appear in history until the late
417:
384:
period. Unlike most of their
Xiongnu counterparts, records often simply address them as "Chuge", treating them as if they were a distinct ethnic group, and they had various
259:
429:
214:
and were among the earliest of the
Xiongnu to surrender to the Han dynasty in 121 BC. After their surrender, the Xiutu were relocated into five commanderies, namely
425:
290:
went into exile. After the marquis of Xubu's death, the chanyu position became vacant and a nominal king was installed instead. In the 190s, the Chuge allied with
263:
374:
365:. Several passages in records refer to Liu Yuan and his family members as "Chuge", but at the same time, he claimed to be the grandson of
191:
for "Xiuchuge" (休屠各) and can be used interchangeably. They were spread out in the north and most prevalent in the areas around modern-day
183:
period, they rose to be the most honored and prestigious among the
Xiongnu, and members of the Chuge were elected by the tribes to become
380:
Aside from the Liu clan of Han-Zhao, there were many recorded Chuge-Xiongnu leaders during the
Sixteen Kingdoms and as far as the late
144:
tribe that lived in ancient China. They were described as the most influential among the
Xiongnu tribes that resettled within the
377:
have cast their doubt on Liu Yuan's lineage from the
Southern Xiongnu chanyus and believe it to be a fabrication for legitimacy.
527:
496:
608:
582:
444:
in the late 6th-century before disappearing from history, presumably assimilating into the rest of
Chinese society.
321:
established control in the north. In 214, they were attacked and defeated at
Gaoping County (高平縣; present-day
613:
361:
led the Southern Xiongnu to rebel against the Jin and founded the Han-Zhao dynasty, one of the first of the
491:. Faculty of Asian Studies monographs. Canberra: Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University.
179:, the Chuge were one of the nineteen recorded Xiongnu tribes that resettled in northern China. By the
354:
180:
17:
291:
303:
202:
One common theory among modern Chinese historians is that the Chuge were descendants of the
603:
8:
358:
255:
231:
227:
145:
464:、鮮支種、寇頭種、烏譚種、赤勒種、捍蛭種、黑狼種、赤沙種、鬱鞞種、萎莎種、禿童種、勃蔑種、羌渠種、賀賴種、鐘跂種、大樓種、雍屈種、真樹種、力羯種，凡十九種，皆有部落，不相雜錯。
397:
334:
333:. In 216, Cao Cao had the Southern Xiongnu in Bingzhou divided into Five Divisions in
579:
523:
492:
366:
299:
287:
215:
421:
618:
575:
519:
362:
271:
223:
219:
153:
113:
81:
49:
413:
409:
393:
295:
131:
99:
67:
543:
597:
441:
234:; the suffix of "ge" (各) may have been the result of a language habit of the
211:
437:
420:, a general notable for serving five different dynasties, was a Chuge from
389:
381:
207:
188:
157:
385:
369:
and a direct descendant of the Southern Xiongnu chanyus, who were of the
330:
307:
175:
433:
345:
In the 250s, the Five Divisions were unified by one of their leaders,
318:
489:
Northern frontier: the policies and strategy of the later Han Empire
235:
149:
302:, and they later killed Gongsun Xu (公孫續), the son of the defeated
350:
346:
326:
314:
279:
267:
141:
405:
370:
322:
258:
against the Han dynasty, but were defeated by the Han general,
251:
239:
192:
184:
121:
89:
57:
250:
In 156, the Xiuchuge were first mentioned rebelling with the
203:
196:
38:
31:
283:
340:
401:
206:
tribe (休屠; also transcribed as Xiuchu), who lived around
262:. They later acted as auxiliaries for the Han general,
148:, and a branch of them, the Liu clan, founded the
595:
570:Tang, Changru (December 2010). "〈魏晋杂胡考 一 屠各〉".
436:. The Chuge eventually became subjects of the
286:clan as the new chanyu, while Qiangqu's son,
486:
349:before being forced to divide again by the
337:and formally abolished the rank of chanyu.
245:
341:Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern dynasties
313:The Chuge eventually retreated west as
168:
136:
104:
72:
14:
596:
27:Xiongnu tribe (2nd c. AD – 5th c. AD)
566:
564:
541:
482:
480:
478:
24:
25:
630:
561:
475:
424:in the northwest, and his sons,
282:. They elected a noble from the
535:
505:
454:
373:clan. Modern scholars such as
187:. The name "Chuge" (屠各) is an
126:
94:
62:
13:
1:
447:
7:
487:De Crespigny, Rafe (1984).
357:courts. In 304, Bao's son,
266:who attacked the marauding
160:period of the 6th century.
37:For the Xiongnu noble, see
10:
635:
511:Chen, Yong (August 2009).
440:and were mentioned during
163:
36:
29:
609:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
432:became officials for the
117:
85:
53:
518:(in Chinese). Shanghai:
30:Not to be confused with
574:(in Chinese). Beijing:
329:) by Cao Cao's general
242:) dialect at the time.
246:End of the Han dynasty
442:Northern Zhou dynasty
298:, who controlled the
152:in 304 AD during the
614:Asian royal families
513:《汉赵史论稿——匈奴屠各建国的政治史考察
438:Northern Wei dynasty
169:Origins and theories
542:Chen, Yong (2007).
256:Shuofang Commandery
434:Former Qin dynasty
335:Taiyuan Commandery
544:"去卑监国的败局与屠各刘豹的崛起"
529:978-7-100-06067-7
498:978-0-86784-410-8
468:最豪貴，故得爲單于，統領諸種。)
388:surnames such as
300:Taihang Mountains
173:According to the
76:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
626:
588:
576:Commercial Press
568:
559:
558:
556:
554:
539:
533:
520:Commercial Press
509:
503:
502:
484:
473:
458:
363:Sixteen Kingdoms
272:Beidi Commandery
154:Sixteen Kingdoms
150:Han-Zhao dynasty
138:
128:
119:
106:
96:
87:
74:
64:
55:
21:
634:
633:
629:
628:
627:
625:
624:
623:
594:
593:
592:
591:
585:
569:
562:
552:
550:
540:
536:
530:
510:
506:
499:
485:
476:
460:(北狄以部落爲類，其入居塞者有
459:
455:
450:
343:
296:Heishan bandits
248:
171:
166:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
632:
622:
621:
616:
611:
606:
590:
589:
583:
560:
534:
528:
504:
497:
474:
452:
451:
449:
446:
342:
339:
247:
244:
170:
167:
165:
162:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
631:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
599:
586:
584:9787100074513
581:
577:
573:
567:
565:
549:
545:
538:
531:
525:
521:
517:
514:
508:
500:
494:
490:
483:
481:
479:
471:
467:
463:
457:
453:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
238:(present-day
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Hexi Corridor
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
133:
129:
123:
115:
111:
107:
101:
97:
91:
83:
79:
75:
69:
65:
59:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
571:
551:. Retrieved
547:
537:
515:
512:
507:
488:
469:
465:
461:
456:
422:Qin province
382:Northern Wei
379:
375:Tang Changru
344:
312:
276:
249:
201:
195:and eastern
189:abbreviation
174:
172:
158:Northern Wei
135:
125:
109:
105:Hsiu-ch'u-ko
103:
93:
77:
71:
61:
45:
43:
604:Han dynasty
355:Western Jin
331:Xiahou Yuan
308:Gongsun Zan
181:Jin dynasty
176:Book of Jin
598:Categories
572:《魏晋南北朝史论丛》
553:10 October
448:References
430:Wang Guang
260:Zhang Huan
146:Great Wall
132:Wade–Giles
100:Wade–Giles
68:Wade–Giles
548:Wenxue100
426:Wang Tong
418:Wang Zhuo
319:Yuan Shao
306:warlord,
292:Zhang Yan
140:) were a
137:Hsiu-ch'u
472:, vol.97
412:(成) and
359:Liu Yuan
274:in 174.
236:Bingzhou
232:Yunzhong
228:Shuofang
95:Xiūchúgè
78:Xiuchuge
18:Xiuchuge
619:Xiongnu
470:Jin Shu
386:Chinese
367:Yufuluo
351:Cao Wei
347:Liu Bao
327:Ningxia
315:Cao Cao
294:of the
288:Yufuluo
280:Qiangqu
268:Xianbei
210:in the
185:chanyus
164:History
142:Xiongnu
114:Chinese
82:Chinese
73:Ch'u-ko
50:Chinese
526:
495:
371:Luandi
323:Guyuan
304:Jizhou
264:Xia Yu
252:Wuhuan
240:Shanxi
216:Longxi
193:Shanxi
134::
127:Xiūchú
124::
122:pinyin
116::
110:Xiuchu
102::
92::
90:pinyin
84::
70::
60::
58:pinyin
52::
416:(黃).
414:Huang
410:Cheng
408:(董),
404:(郭),
400:(李),
396:(張),
394:Zhang
392:(畢),
224:Shang
220:Beidi
208:Wuwei
204:Xiutu
197:Gansu
108:) or
63:Chúgè
46:Chuge
39:Xiutu
32:Zhuge
580:ISBN
555:2023
524:ISBN
493:ISBN
428:and
406:Dong
353:and
317:and
284:Xubu
230:and
44:The
462:屠各種
402:Guo
270:at
254:of
86:休屠各
600::
578:.
563:^
546:.
522:.
477:^
466:屠各
398:Li
390:Bi
325:,
310:.
226:,
222:,
218:,
199:.
130:;
120:;
118:休屠
98:;
88:;
66:;
56:;
54:屠各
587:.
557:.
532:.
516:》
501:.
112:(
80:(
48:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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