Kava - Knowledge

1702:), characterised by dry and scaly skin covering the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and back. The first symptom to appear is usually dry, peeling skin; some Pacific Islanders deliberately consume large quantities of kava for several weeks in order to get the peeling effect, resulting in a layer of new skin. These effects appeared at consumption levels between 31 grams (1.1 oz) to 440 grams (0.97 lb) a week of kava powder. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism that causes kava dermopathy is poorly understood "but may relate to interference with cholesterol metabolism". The condition is easily treatable with abstinence or lowering of kava intake as the skin appears to be returning to its normal state within a couple of weeks of reduced or no kava use. Kava dermopathy should not be confused with rare instances of allergic reactions to kava that are usually characterised by itchy rash or puffy face. 721: 899: 774:, which are not present in any significant concentration in the noble varieties), have led to legislation prohibiting exports from countries such as Vanuatu. Likewise, efforts have been made to educate non-traditional customers about the difference between noble and non-noble varieties and that non-noble varieties do not offer the same results as noble cultivars. In recent years, government regulatory bodies and non-profit NGOs have been set up with the declared aim of monitoring kava quality; producing regular reports; certifying vendors selling proper, noble kava; and warning customers against products that may contain tudei varieties. 55: 930:. As noted by the Kava Society of New Zealand, "in all likelihood, the kava plant was known to the first settlers of Aotearoa . It is also possible that (just like the Polynesian migrants that settled in Hawaii) the Maori explorers brought some kava with them. Unfortunately, most of New Zealand is simply too cold for growing kava and hence the Maori settlers lost their connection to the sacred plant." Further, "in New Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Maori gave the name kawa-kawa to another 1856:

pharmaceutical preparations are currently prescription drugs. Furthermore, patient and professional information brochures have been redesigned to warn about potential side effects. These strict measures have been opposed by some of the leading kava scientists. In early 2016, a court case was filed against the Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM/German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices), arguing that the new regulatory regime is too strict and not justified.

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lateral root. Crown roots are the large-diameter pieces that look like 1.5 to 5 inches (38 to 127 mm)-diameter wooden poker chips. Most kava plants consist of approximately 80% crown root upon harvesting. Lateral roots are smaller-diameter roots that look more like a typical root. A mature kava plant is about 20% lateral roots. Kava lateral roots have the highest content of kavalactones in the kava plant. "Waka" grade kava is made of lateral roots only.

1376: 934:, in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Maori word kawa also means "ceremonial protocol", recalling the stylized consumption of the drug typical of Polynesian societies". Kawakawa is commonly used in Maori traditional medicine for the treatment of skin infections, wounds, and cuts, and (when prepared as a tea) for stomach upsets and other minor illnesses. 1681:: One of levodopa's chronic side effects that Parkinson's patients experience is the "on-off phenomenon" of motor fluctuations, where there will be periods of oscillations between "on", where the patient experiences symptomatic relief, and "off", where the therapeutic effect wears off early. When taking levodopa and kava together, it has been shown that there is an increased frequency of this "on-off phenomenon". 1879:

water extractions prepared from these roots) can legally be sold as food or dietary supplements in New Zealand. The aerial parts of the plant (growing up and out of the ground), unlike the roots, contain relatively small amounts of kavalactones; instead, they contain a mildly toxic alkaloid, pipermethysticine. While not normally consumed, the sale of aerial plant sections and non-water based extract (such as CO

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such as the cultivar used (and the related specific composition of kavalactones), age of the plant, and method of consumption. However, it can be stated that in general, noble kava produces a state of calmness, relaxation, and well-being without diminishing cognitive performance. Kava may produce an initial talkative period, followed by muscle relaxation and eventual sleepiness.

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allowed, under licence for medical or scientific purposes. These restrictions were introduced in 2007 after concern about abuse of kava in indigenous communities. Initially, the import limit was 2 kg per person; it was raised to 4 kg in December 2019, and a pilot program allowing for commercial importation was implemented on 1 December 2021.

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Adverse reactions may result from the poor quality of kava raw material used in the manufacturing of various kava products. In addition to the potential for hepatotoxicity, adverse reactions from chronic use may include visual impairment, rashes or dermatitis, seizures, weight loss, and malnutrition,

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Tudei varieties have traditionally not been grown in Hawaii and Fiji, but in recent years there have been reports of farmers attempting to grow "isa" or "palisi" non-noble cultivars in Hawaii, and of imports of dried tudei kava into Fiji for further re-exporting. The tudei cultivars may be easier and

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The perceived benefits of noble cultivars explain why only these cultivars were spread around the Pacific by Polynesian and Melanesian migrants, with presence of non-noble cultivars limited to the islands of Vanuatu, from which they originated. More recently, it has been suggested that the widespread

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advises against the consumption of ethanolic and acetonic kavalactone extracts, and says that "products should be developed from water-based suspensions of kava". The government of Australia prohibits the sales of such kavalactone extracts, and only permits the sale of kava products in their natural

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The mature roots of the kava plant are harvested after a minimum of four years (at least five years, ideally) for peak kavalactone content. Most kava plants produce around 50 kg (110 lb) of root when they are harvested. Kava root is classified into two categories: crown root (or chips) and

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In Australia, the supply of kava is regulated through the National Code of Kava Management. Travellers to Australia are allowed to bring up to 4 kg of kava in their baggage, provided they are at least 18 years old and the kava is in root or dried form. Commercial import of larger quantities is

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In Vanuatu, exportation of kava is strictly regulated. Only cultivars classified as noble are allowed to be exported. Only the most desirable cultivars for everyday drinking are classified as noble to maintain quality control. In addition, their laws mandate that exported kava must be at least five

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The nature of effects will largely depend on the cultivar of the kava plant and the form of its consumption. Traditionally, only noble kava cultivars have been consumed, as they are accepted as safe and produce desired effects. The specific effects of various noble kavas depend on various factors,

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While some bars have been committed to only serving the traditional forms and types of kava, other establishments have been accused of serving non-traditionally consumed non-noble kava varieties, which are cheaper but far more likely to cause unpleasant effects and adverse reactions, or of serving

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Also, "chemical solvents used do not extract the same compounds as the natural water extracts in traditional use. The extraction process may exclude important modifying constituents soluble only in water". In particular, it has been noted that, unlike traditional water-based preparations, products

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When used traditionally, kava is regulated as a food under the Food Standards Code. Kava may also be used as an herbal remedy, where it is currently regulated by the Dietary Supplements Regulations. Only traditionally consumed forms and parts of the kava plant (i.e., pure roots of the kava plant,

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to reconsider the evidence base for banning kava-based pharmaceutical products. On 10 June 2014, the German Administrative Court overturned the 2002 ban, making selling kava as a medicine legal (personal possession of kava has never been illegal), albeit strictly regulated. In Germany, kava-based

1402:, especially among young men, and often brings people together for storytelling and socializing. Drinking grog for a few hours brings a numbing and relaxing effect to the drinker; grog also numbs the tongue, and grog drinking typically is followed by a "chaser" or sweet or spicy snack to follow a 1866:

Until August 2018, Poland was the only EU country with an "outright ban on kava" and where the mere possession of kava was prohibited and may have resulted in a prison sentence. Under the new legislation, kava is no longer listed among prohibited substances and it is therefore legal to possess,

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In general, kavalactone content is greatest in the roots and decreases higher up the plant into the stems and leaves. Relative concentrations of 15%, 10%, and 5% have been observed in the root, stump, and basal stems, respectively. The relative content of kavalactones depends not only on plant

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One group of scholars say that organic solvents introduce compounds that may affect the liver into the standardized product; these compounds are not extracted by water and are consequently largely absent from kava prepared with water. For instance, when compared with water extraction, organic

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As noted in one of the earliest Western publications on kava (1886): "A well prepared Kava potion drunk in small quantities produces only pleasant changes in behavior. It is therefore a slightly stimulating drink which helps relieve great fatigue. It relaxes the body after strenuous efforts,

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Traditionally, plants are harvested around four years of age, as older plants have higher concentrations of kavalactones. After reaching about 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height, plants grow a wider stalk and additional stalks, but not much taller. The roots can reach a depth of 60 centimetres

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Kava prepared as described above is much more potent than processed kava. Chewing produces the strongest effect because it produces the finest particles. Fresh, undried kava produces a stronger beverage than dry kava. The strength also depends on the species and techniques of cultivation.

759:). Traditionally, only noble kavas have been used for regular consumption, due to their more favourable composition of kavalactones and other compounds that produce more pleasant effects and have lower potential for causing negative side effects, such as nausea, or "kava hangover". 889:

which have been acclimated and adapted to grow well in South Florida's unique soil and climate and have significant resistance to pest and disease pressures. As of 2024, cultivation of these varieties is limited to a small number of commercial farms and backyard growers.

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Alcohol: It has been reported that combined use of alcohol and kava extract can have additive sedative effects. Regarding cognitive function, kava has been shown to have additive cognitive impairments while taken with alcohol when compared to taking placebo and alcohol

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On the basis of research findings and long history of safe use across the South Pacific, experts recommend using water-based extractions of high-quality peeled rhizome and roots of the noble kava cultivars to minimize the potential of adverse reactions to chronic use.

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The Pacific island-state of Vanuatu has passed legislation to regulate the quality of its kava exports. Vanuatu prohibits the export or consumption of non-noble kava varieties or the parts of the plant that are unsuitable for consumption (such as leaves and stems).

743:. Today it comprises hundreds of different cultivars grown across the Pacific. Each cultivar has not only different requirements for successful cultivation, but also displays unique characteristics both in terms of its appearance and its psychoactive properties. 1494: 926:) plant, known also as "Māori kava", may be confused with kava. While the two plants look similar and have similar names, they are different, but related, species. Kawakawa is a small tree endemic to New Zealand, having importance to traditional medicine and 2294:

Kuchta K, Schmidt M, Nahrstedt A (1 December 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics".

1346:. The ground root/bark is combined with only a little water, as the fresh root releases moisture during grinding. Pounding is done in a large stone with a small log. The product is then added to cold water and consumed as quickly as possible. 1818:

Following discussions on the safety of certain pharmaceutical products derived from kava and sold in Germany, the EU imposed a temporary ban on imports of kava-based pharmaceutical products in 2002. The sale of kava plant became regulated in

16343: 1863:, it is a criminal offence to sell, supply, or import any medicinal product containing kava for human consumption. It is legal to possess kava for personal use or to import it for purposes other than human consumption (e.g., for animals). 1831:. Some Pacific Island States who had been benefiting from the export of kava to the pharmaceutical companies have attempted to overturn the EU ban on kava-based pharmaceutical products by invoking international trade agreements at the 852:

kavain. This sacred variety was so important to them that no one but royalty could ever experience it, "lest they suffer an untimely death". The reverence for Hiwa in old Hawaiʻi is evident in this portion of a chant recorded by

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in the 2000s, the Western Australian Health Department announced the lifting of the ban in February 2017, bringing Western Australia "into line with other States" where it has always remained legal, albeit closely regulated.

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use of tudei cultivars in the manufacturing of several kava products might have been the key factor contributing to the rare reports of adverse reactions to kava observed among the consumers of kava-based products in Europe.

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Kava is used for medicinal, religious, political, cultural, and social purposes throughout the Pacific. These cultures have a great respect for the plant and place a high importance on it. In Fiji, for example, a formal

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of kavalactone droplets in starch. The taste is slightly pungent, while the distinctive aroma depends on whether it was prepared from dry or fresh plant, and on the variety. The colour is grey to tan to opaque greenish.

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Recent usage of kava has been documented in forensic investigations by quantitation of kavain in blood specimens. The principal urinary metabolite, conjugated 4'-OH-kavain, is generally detectable for up to 48 hours.

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itself. Due to the importance of kava in religious rituals and the seemingly (from the Western point of view) unhygienic preparation method, its consumption was discouraged or even banned by Christian missionaries.

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and quoted by E. S. Craighill and Elizabeth Green Handy: "This refers to the cup of sacramental ʻawa brewed from the strong, black ʻawa root (ʻawa hiwa), which was drunk sacramentally by the kumu hula":

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Sarris J, Stough C, Teschke R, et al. (1 November 2013). "Kava for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder RCT: Analysis of Adverse Reactions, Liver Function, Addiction, and Sexual Effects".

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There is limited safety information available on the effects of kava consumption, but in general, moderate consumption appears unlikely to be harmful, while there is evidence of harm from heavy use.

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Pukui and Elbert translated this as "a knowledge from kava offerings". Winter explains that ʻawa, especially of the Hiwa variety, was offered to hula deities in return for knowledge and inspiration.

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solvents extract vastly larger amounts of flavokavains, compounds associated with adverse reactions to kava that are present in very low concentrations in noble kava, but significant in non-noble.

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It has also been argued that kavalactone extracts have often been made from low-quality plant material, including the toxic aerial parts of the plant that contain the hepatotoxic alkaloid

17246: 15275: 8415: 8279: 19103: 18229: 2158:"Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents" 17963: 8425: 5194:"Standard 2.6.3 – Kava – Food Standards (Proposal P1025 – Code Revision) Variation—Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Amendment No. 154 - 2015-gs1906 - New Zealand Gazette" 1902:

issued a Consumer Advisory: "Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury". No legal action was taken, and this advisory has since been archived.

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Scholars make a distinction between the so-called noble and non-noble kava. The latter category comprises the so-called tudei (or "two-day") kavas, medicinal kavas, and wild kava (

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The concerns about the adverse effects of non-noble varieties, produced by their undesirable composition of kavalactones and high concentrations of potentially harmful compounds (

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Lebot V, Do TK, Legendre L (15 May 2014). "Detection of flavokavins (A, B, C) in cultivars of kava (Piper methysticum) using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)".

2918: 1394:, made by pounding sun-dried kava root into a fine powder, straining and mixing it with cold water. Traditionally, grog is drunk from the shorn half-shell of a coconut, called a 373:

Moderate consumption of kava in its traditional form, i.e., as a water-based suspension of kava roots, has been deemed to present an "acceptably low level of health risk" by the

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issued an order prohibiting the sale of any product containing kava. While the restrictions on kava were lifted in 2012, Health Canada lists five kava ingredients as of 2017.

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Anxiolytics (CNS depressants such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates): Kava may have potential additive CNS depressant effects (such as sedation and anxiolytic effects) with

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Receptor binding assays with botanical extracts have revealed direct interactions of leaf extracts of kava (which appear to be more active than root extracts) with the

19369: 18274: 17983: 10657: 10526: 9155: 5098:"Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 sierpnia 2018 r. w sprawie wykazu substancji psychotropowych, środków odurzających oraz nowych substancji psychoaktywnych" 20193: 15320: 15310: 13962: 13913: 8274: 1334:. Traditionally, it is prepared by either chewing, grinding, or pounding the roots of the kava plant. Grinding is done by hand against a cone-shaped block of dead 12678: 12523: 8420: 7080: 20178: 19480: 19268: 16676: 8319: 3646:"Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways" 3160:

Ligresti A, Villano R, Allarà M, et al. (2012). "Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB₁ receptor ligand".

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In the Netherlands, for unknown reasons, the ban was never lifted, and it is still prohibited to prepare, manufacture, or trade kava or goods containing kava.

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Baum SS, Hill R, Rommelspacher H (1998). "Effect of kava extract and individual kavapyrones on neurotransmitter levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats".

19475: 18349: 15300: 13730: 13019: 4910: 11403: 11398: 5292: 803:. In Vanuatu, Tudei ("two-day") kava is reserved for special ceremonial occasions and exporting it is not allowed. "Palisi" is a popular Tudei variety. 19592: 10250: 4678:

Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, et al. (1 January 2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology".

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Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, et al. (2003). "Extracts of kava (Piper methysticum) induce acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice".

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and peripheral effects. As noted in one literature review: "Peripherally, kava is indicated in traditional Pacific medicine for urogenital conditions (

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cheaper to grow: while it takes up to 5 years for noble kava to mature, non-noble varieties can often be harvested just one year after being planted.

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Lebot V, Lèvesque J (1 January 1989). "The origin and distribution of kava (Piper methysticum Forst. F., Piperaceae): A phytochemical approach".

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In Vanuatu, a strong kava drink is normally followed by a hot meal or tea. The meal traditionally follows some time after the drink so that the

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Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, et al. (2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology".

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Fijian kava ceremony being performed for tourists (2015). Traditionally, kava grog is drunk from the shorn half-shell of a coconut, called a

5240: 1770:, with significant subtlety and nuance attending the precise strain, plant component (leaf, stem, root) and preparative method to be used". 1245:

effects the plant can produce. Changes in the activity of 5-HT neurons could explain the sleep-inducing action. However, failure of the GABA

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Brown AC (September 2017). "Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series".

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Kraft M, Spahn TW, Menzel J, et al. (2001). "Fulminantes Leberversagen nach Einnahme des pflanzlichen Antidepressivums Kava-Kava".

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Heathcote GM, Diego VP, Ishida H, et al. (2012). "An osteobiography of a remarkable protohistoric Chamorro man from Taga, Tinian".

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Jappe U, Franke I, Reinhold D, et al. (1998). "Sebotropic drug reaction resulting from kava-kava extract therapy: A new entity?".

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LaPorte E, Sarris J, Stough C, et al. (1 March 2011). "Neurocognitive effects of kava (Piper methysticum): a systematic review".

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Several adverse interactions with drugs have been documented, both prescription and nonprescription — including, but not limited to,

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With kava's increasing popularity, bars serving the plant in its liquid state are beginning to open up outside of the South Pacific.

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Dinh LD, Simmen U, Bueter KB, et al. (2001). "Interaction of various Piper methysticum cultivars with CNS receptors in vitro".

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segment but also on the kava plant variety, plant maturity, geographic location, and time of harvest. The kavalactones present are

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Cairney S., Maruff P., Clough A. R., et al. (2003). "Saccade and cognitive impairment associated with kava intoxication".

5370:"UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics: The narcotic pepper - The chemistry and pharmacology of Piper methysticum and related species" 5369: 20213: 20198: 19976: 13899: 12389: 10778: 10647: 10521: 9111: 8648: 8532: 5597: 4883: 4126: 3905: 3792: 3574: 3252: 2610: 2438: 2131: 2087: 1571:

Despite its psychoactive effects, kava is not considered to be physically addictive and its use does not lead to dependency.

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Olsen LR, Grillo MP, Skonberg C (2011). "Constituents in kava extracts potentially involved in hepatotoxicity: a review".

17211: 16613: 12702: 5168: 5123: 3844: 20228: 20173: 13631: 10936: 10458: 7514: 2885: 2858: 1718:— sleep-inducing, and sleep-enhancing properties. Preliminary analysis of kava effects in people with short-term 2947:

Sarris J, LaPorte E, Schweitzer I (2011). "Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology".

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import, and consume the plant, but it remains illegal to sell it within Poland for the purpose of human consumption.

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has no psychoactive properties. Its connection to kava is linked to its similarity in appearance and bitter taste.

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Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills

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Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills

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Herbal Supplements: Efficacy, Toxicity, Interactions with Western Drugs, and Effects on Clinical Laboratory Tests

1043:(or kavapyrones) have been identified to date, at least 15 of which are active. However, six of them, including 20203: 18895: 10821: 8342: 8299: 8180: 7571: 7230: 5440: 4624:

Wheatley D (1 June 2001). "Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian: singly and in combination".

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Whitton PA, Lau A, Salisbury A, et al. (1 October 2003). "Kava lactones and the kava-kava controversy".

1152: 1083:— have also been identified, as well as a toxic alkaloid (not present in the consumable parts of the plant), 7406: 2398: 1241:

effects of kava, while elevation of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens likely underlie the moderately

18093: 16587: 13958: 10868: 10048: 9643: 9319: 9229: 9047: 9032: 9004: 8961: 8445: 8064: 7617: 2272:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016. 1439: 1148: 19846: 20168: 19841: 19832: 19663: 16311: 15422: 13938: 10305: 10288: 9966: 9615: 9192: 9123: 8971: 8891: 8400: 8229: 8160: 8120: 7984: 7581: 7556: 7207: 7102: 6752: 5218: 3434:

Viorica LA (1997). "Supercritical fluid extraction of kava lactones from Piper methysticum (kava) herb".

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Numerous scholars and regulatory bodies have raised concerns over the safety profile of such products.

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years old and farmed organically. Their most popular noble cultivars are "Borogu" or "Borongoru" from

20158: 20153: 20138: 20012: 19971: 19093: 18083: 17808: 17126: 13924: 13498: 12821: 12719: 12403: 11915: 10453: 9119: 9062: 8613: 8542: 8460: 8289: 7916: 7845: 7258: 6508: 5097: 1481: 453: 374: 15447: 15442: 15437: 7697: 20143: 20133: 19063: 19005: 18465: 18224: 17469: 16004: 16000: 15173: 13826: 13744: 13645: 13562: 13431: 12854: 12751: 12583: 12352: 10816: 10093: 9648: 9329: 8562: 8044: 7941: 7860: 7770: 7437: 6834: 6648: 5318: 5315:"Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury" 4461:

Izzo AA, Ernst E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review"

898: 854: 477: 19989: 3117:

Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders".

75: 20163: 19859: 19643: 19058: 17682: 17464: 13772: 13708: 13044: 10950: 10596: 9813: 9404: 9175: 8951: 8854: 8455: 8259: 7904: 7657: 4345:

Spinella M (2002). "The importance of pharmacological synergy in psychoactive herbal medicines".

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Baker JD (1 June 2011). "Tradition and toxicity: evidential cultures in the kava safety debate".

1755: 20051: 7263: 2426: 486:, used to make a similar mildly psychoactive bitter drink in Austronesian rituals. Cognates for 20148: 19950: 19794: 18470: 17484: 17459: 17358: 14189: 13576: 13512: 12903: 11869: 11860: 11424: 11411: 11393: 11335: 10959: 10471: 10336: 9858: 9638: 9591: 9224: 9107: 8884: 8710: 8510: 8465: 8222: 8014: 7977: 7606: 7529: 7401: 6967: 6906: 6720: 5680: 5150: 1955: 1747: 461: 250: 17: 5404: 4751: 1260:

Heavy, long-term use of kava has been found to be free of association with reduced ability in

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in the sense of a "bitter root" or "potent root ". It may have been related to reconstructed

416: 179: 37: 7737: 7298: 20118: 19867: 16701: 16681: 16316: 14942: 14817: 13134: 11665: 11600: 11580: 10128: 10058: 9991: 9986: 9961: 9853: 9429: 9164: 8936: 8839: 8715: 8653: 8633: 8618: 8515: 8395: 8175: 8079: 8000: 7037: 6555: 4477:"Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 8703Kava-induced dermopathy: a niacin deficiency?" 3715: 1739: 423: 18438: 17781: 16647: 15406: 4256:

Teschke R, Schulze J (2010). "Risk of Kava Hepatotoxicity and the FDA Consumer Advisory".

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of the base form is indicative of falsehood or likeness, in the sense of "false kava". In

8: 20128: 19766: 19352: 19198: 19158: 18485: 18304: 18284: 17582: 17544: 17499: 16442: 16325: 15452: 15378: 14467: 14309: 14017: 13785: 11923: 11327: 9324: 9314: 9082: 8986: 8907: 8495: 8314: 8304: 8210: 8150: 8074: 7611: 7504: 6523: 6518: 6085: 5642: 2691:

Teschke R, Lebot V (1 October 2011). "Proposal for a Kava Quality Standardization Code".

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Kava: The Pacific Elixir: The Definitive Guide to Its Ethnobotany, History, and Chemistry

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Hu Z, Yang X, Ho PC, et al. (2005). "Herb-drug interactions: a literature review".

3719: 20085: 19298: 18605: 18294: 18028: 17918: 17572: 17252: 17036: 16876: 16836: 16639: 16419: 16082: 15980: 15637: 15270: 14642: 14244: 12195: 12190: 12093: 11800: 11570: 10294: 10255: 10118: 9884: 9653: 9167: 9057: 8981: 8668: 8658: 8592: 8547: 8490: 8347: 8269: 8069: 8059: 8049: 8039: 7591: 7546: 7396: 6954: 6384: 6300: 5665: 5508: 5498: 5433: 4803:. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Government of Australia. April 2005. Archived from 4747: 4657: 4506: 4439: 4416: 4397: 4324: 4203: 4151: 4097: 4046: 3825: 3680: 3645: 3626: 3498: 3465: 3336: 3293: 3223: 3142: 3029: 2972: 2600: 2562: 2527: 2402: 2328: 2234: 2182: 2157: 1960: 1802: 1798:

has recommended no more than 250 mg of kavalactones be taken in a 24‑hour period.

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The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society

1365:

are absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. Traditionally, no flavoring is added.

54: 20020: 19088: 18480: 18475: 18249: 17494: 17056: 16691: 16562: 16333: 16276: 16217: 15985: 15557: 14652: 14429: 14424: 13972: 13844: 13455: 13129: 12773: 12645: 11892: 11785: 10919: 9103: 8976: 8966: 8956: 8946: 8794: 8480: 8145: 8102: 8024: 7958: 7936: 7924: 7840: 7810: 7524: 7464: 6347: 6305: 6138: 5813: 5808: 5473: 4721: 4703: 4695: 4649: 4641: 4606: 4546: 4498: 4493: 4476: 4444: 4389: 4385: 4354: 4316: 4281: 4273: 4238: 4195: 4187: 4122: 4089: 4081: 4038: 4030: 3995: 3987: 3946: 3938: 3901: 3829: 3788: 3758: 3739: 3731: 3685: 3667: 3630: 3618: 3610: 3570: 3503: 3485: 3481: 3377: 3328: 3285: 3248: 3227: 3215: 3177: 3134: 3130: 3064: 3021: 3013: 2964: 2867: 2836: 2708: 2606: 2566: 2531: 2507: 2434: 2363: 2320: 2312: 2239: 2187: 2127: 2083: 2030: 1806: 1435: 1339: 979: 811: 536: 525: 506: 482: 446: 363: 7454: 4661: 4401: 4328: 4207: 4101: 4050: 3340: 3297: 3146: 2976: 2406: 2332: 1257:-like effects are not contributing to the pharmacological profile of kava extracts. 611: 543: 20208: 20090: 19488: 19425: 19248: 18964: 18890: 18615: 18344: 18098: 17938: 17652: 16911: 16238: 15904: 15391: 15168: 15138: 15070: 14977: 14647: 14527: 14419: 14131: 14121: 13622: 13119: 13034: 12834: 12553: 12342: 11680: 10426: 10220: 9052: 9009: 8931: 8844: 8744: 8663: 8587: 8572: 7775: 7576: 7519: 7496: 7459: 6488: 6098: 4687: 4633: 4598: 4538: 4510: 4488: 4434: 4424: 4381: 4308: 4265: 4230: 4179: 4073: 4022: 3977: 3934: 3930: 3817: 3723: 3675: 3657: 3602: 3493: 3477: 3443: 3367: 3320: 3277: 3207: 3169: 3126: 3056: 3033: 3003: 2956: 2828: 2700: 2671: 2554: 2519: 2394: 2355: 2304: 2267:"Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption" 2229: 2221: 2177: 2169: 2075: 2052: 1719: 1115:

activity (by kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and yangonin).

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This article is about the plant. For the class of pharmacological derivatives, see

9133: 7682: 7534: 7391: 4773: 2382: 1983: 1851:

argued that the ban was imposed with insufficient evidence. The pressure prompted

927: 445:, where it cannot grow. Consumption of kava is also believed to be the reason why 20123: 19138: 18665: 18620: 17968: 17943: 16986: 16916: 16771: 16662: 16636: 16530: 16395: 16379: 16367: 16321: 16272: 16087: 16062: 16057: 15871: 15604: 15457: 14259: 14254: 14116: 14049: 13874: 13869: 13839: 13668: 13663: 13266: 13231: 13221: 13186: 12793: 12768: 12235: 11928: 11810: 10965: 10927: 8814: 8725: 8582: 8567: 7899: 7865: 7835: 7702: 7469: 7293: 7253: 7121: 7073: 6987: 6809: 6774: 6573: 6451: 6369: 6364: 6342: 6224: 5733: 5567: 5389: 5266: 4825: 4691: 3895: 2960: 2832: 2359: 1743: 1699: 1657: 1642: 1630: 1622: 1597: 1474: 1084: 705: 521: 498: 234: 226: 113: 19078: 18234: 17474: 8769: 7199: 5621: 5193: 2734: 1015: 627: 20033: 19440: 18765: 18063: 18043: 18038: 17843: 17101: 17061: 17051: 17011: 16906: 16871: 16776: 16751: 16706: 16542: 16371: 16280: 16147: 16142: 15566: 14454: 14359: 14234: 14199: 14194: 14080: 14045: 13849: 13805: 13396: 13296: 13206: 12880: 12736: 12679: 12524: 12480: 12435: 12180: 12170: 11790: 11710: 11307: 11210: 10783: 10768: 9938: 9838: 9424: 9234: 8829: 8749: 8577: 8552: 8537: 8505: 7870: 7707: 7662: 7566: 7386: 6893: 6821: 6707: 6618: 6568: 6512: 6483: 6472: 6456: 6352: 5833: 5778: 5675: 5660: 5630: 5340: 4564: 3173: 1860: 1634: 1593: 1552: 1431: 1265: 1254: 1215: 1208: 1126: 1108: 922: 904: 848:

variety, which had a strong cerebral effect due to a predominant amount of the

841: 800: 603: 594: 426: 386: 100: 11340: 10935: 8520: 7631: 4744:"Travelers from Fiji to Australia can now take more kava for social functions" 4234: 3324: 2704: 2225: 2173: 1778:

Kava remains legal in most countries. Regulations often treat it as a food or

20113: 20107: 19817: 19756: 19415: 19193: 19148: 19098: 19021: 19009: 18715: 18630: 18610: 18595: 18590: 18535: 18309: 18299: 18003: 17923: 17647: 17587: 17577: 17514: 17489: 17283: 17226: 17016: 16961: 16951: 16946: 16926: 16861: 16811: 16796: 16711: 16605: 16538: 16501: 16375: 16301: 16296: 16286: 16222: 16162: 16092: 15937: 15894: 15100: 15065: 15040: 14852: 14712: 14692: 14687: 14677: 14672: 14572: 14462: 14404: 14399: 14384: 14364: 14354: 14334: 14324: 14314: 14279: 14249: 14239: 14184: 14108: 14055: 14040: 13859: 13752: 13698: 13683: 13469: 13406: 13139: 13084: 13079: 13069: 13024: 12844: 12778: 12630: 12440: 12425: 12270: 11963: 11845: 11685: 11565: 11544: 11519: 11439: 11060: 11055: 10773: 10546: 10063: 9971: 9718: 9495: 9460: 9384: 9339: 8759: 8527: 8475: 8470: 7278: 7146: 7136: 7126: 7095: 7015: 6880: 6839: 6694: 6653: 6588: 6493: 6446: 6441: 6419: 6379: 6257: 6242: 5994: 5989: 5979: 5896: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5773: 5763: 5758: 5748: 5728: 5670: 5582: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5503: 5426: 4699: 4645: 4429: 4277: 4191: 4085: 4077: 4034: 3991: 3942: 3735: 3671: 3614: 3489: 3017: 2817:"Kava hepatotoxicity solution: A six-point plan for new kava standardization" 2316: 1892: 1596:

of kava extracts, and concerns about this led to kava being omitted from the

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Traditional use of sakau (kava) in Pohnpei: lessons for integrative medicine

549:, the cognates have come to mean "bitter", "sour", or "acrid" to the taste. 20077: 19751: 19686: 19612: 19420: 18995: 18960: 18760: 18565: 18424: 18018: 18013: 17908: 17883: 17878: 17702: 17627: 17373: 17328: 17181: 17176: 17131: 17031: 16866: 16831: 16826: 16410: 16152: 16102: 16072: 16017: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15955: 15950: 15879: 15537: 15502: 15497: 15467: 15416: 15343: 15035: 15025: 14797: 14792: 14782: 14777: 14707: 14532: 14522: 14414: 14374: 14339: 14319: 14304: 14289: 14224: 14219: 14204: 14174: 14169: 14154: 14100: 14090: 13731: 13479: 13391: 13381: 13291: 13226: 13124: 13054: 12989: 12979: 12934: 12558: 12543: 12490: 12445: 12300: 12255: 12240: 12230: 12215: 12155: 11795: 11775: 11715: 11265: 11120: 10980: 10793: 10501: 10149: 9521: 9439: 8784: 7825: 7820: 7732: 7381: 7310: 7268: 7245: 7188: 7090: 7085: 6995: 6898: 6849: 6784: 6712: 6663: 6608: 6603: 6409: 6326: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6275: 6270: 6232: 6128: 6118: 6050: 5964: 5906: 5891: 5793: 5753: 5743: 5723: 5718: 5708: 5698: 5468: 4707: 4653: 4393: 4358: 4320: 4285: 4269: 4242: 4199: 4093: 4042: 3999: 3982: 3965: 3950: 3743: 3689: 3622: 3507: 3398:, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 803–804. 3381: 3372: 3355: 3332: 3219: 3181: 3138: 3068: 3025: 2968: 2856: 2840: 2712: 2676: 2367: 2324: 2308: 2243: 2191: 1940: 1763: 1711: 1661: 1609:

but there is only limited high-quality research on these possible effects.

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Tomlinson M (2007). "Everything and Its Opposite: Kava Drinking in Fiji".

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companies extract kavalactones from the kava plant using solvents such as

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In Papua New Guinea, the locals in Madang province refer to their kava as

1103:

actions have been reported for kava and/or its major active constituents:

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The Office of Drug Control, Department of Health, Government of Australia

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Water extraction is the traditional method for preparation of the plant.

1200: 1193: 1177: 1052: 1040: 1020: 991: 955: 913: 849: 788: 771: 589: 566: 442: 359: 336: 33: 16557: 7760: 7335: 5241:"Listing of Drugs Currently Regulated as New Drugs (The New Drugs List)" 4298: 4155: 19898: 19776: 19746: 19721: 19602: 19513: 19493: 19470: 19313: 19288: 19278: 19233: 19223: 19208: 19123: 19017: 18945: 18940: 18915: 18885: 18875: 18850: 18835: 18810: 18780: 18755: 18745: 18705: 18685: 18675: 18655: 18585: 18570: 18389: 18369: 18364: 18339: 18269: 18208: 18188: 18143: 18133: 18128: 18068: 18058: 17988: 17903: 17752: 17742: 17732: 17722: 17687: 17677: 17642: 17612: 17602: 17597: 17534: 17378: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17333: 17318: 17288: 17206: 17196: 17191: 17141: 17096: 17076: 17046: 16996: 16976: 16931: 16856: 16746: 16736: 16525: 16477: 16472: 16390: 16385: 16291: 16262: 16258: 16167: 16132: 16077: 16067: 16027: 15960: 15788: 15753: 15718: 15713: 15667: 15657: 15586: 15547: 15507: 15492: 15472: 15462: 15401: 15396: 15386: 15353: 15335: 15231: 15178: 15143: 15090: 15080: 15050: 15045: 14982: 14957: 14912: 14887: 14867: 14847: 14842: 14832: 14812: 14767: 14757: 14742: 14702: 14697: 14667: 14622: 14617: 14597: 14587: 14567: 14562: 14552: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14444: 14299: 14214: 14209: 14095: 14085: 14060: 13834: 13762: 13757: 13693: 13688: 13678: 13673: 13653: 13474: 13463: 13459: 13426: 13311: 13306: 13281: 13271: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13177: 13167: 13149: 13144: 13114: 13104: 13064: 13029: 12984: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12949: 12914: 12839: 12783: 12760: 12728: 12655: 12615: 12573: 12563: 12538: 12510: 12470: 12455: 12375: 12370: 12310: 12290: 12275: 12265: 12130: 12120: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12028: 11988: 11943: 11938: 11850: 11830: 11770: 11760: 11690: 11670: 11655: 11645: 11635: 11620: 11605: 11595: 11585: 11575: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11499: 11479: 11459: 11385: 11375: 11360: 11350: 11302: 11250: 11185: 11110: 11100: 11090: 11070: 11045: 11040: 11020: 11000: 10970: 10516: 10511: 10356: 10351: 10304: 10235: 10225: 10174: 9976: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9738: 9713: 9703: 9581: 9546: 9531: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9294: 9279: 8720: 7586: 7340: 7168: 7141: 7131: 7052: 7032: 7005: 6940: 6916: 6911: 6794: 6789: 6779: 6769: 6730: 6725: 6636: 6578: 6563: 6374: 6280: 6176: 6156: 6123: 6113: 6103: 6093: 6060: 6042: 6027: 5974: 5969: 5931: 5926: 5901: 5886: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5823: 1715: 1665: 1648:

A few notable potential drug interactions are, but are not limited to:

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Johnston E, Rogers H, Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa (1 January 2006).

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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

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Long-term and heavy kava consumption is associated with a reversible

1506: 1450:

to produce pills standardized with between 30% and 90% kavalactones.

1331: 1323: 1315: 689: 685: 673: 430: 320: 308: 136: 19788: 4637: 4312: 3466:"Kava, the anxiolytic herb: back to basics to prevent liver injury?" 2266: 20072: 19811: 19736: 19528: 19273: 19183: 19163: 19153: 19108: 19037: 18830: 18740: 18725: 18690: 18680: 18560: 18384: 18279: 18254: 18193: 18178: 18088: 18008: 17978: 17958: 17928: 17873: 17853: 17818: 17707: 17632: 17617: 17539: 17519: 17388: 17383: 17368: 17338: 17308: 17268: 17136: 17026: 16971: 16881: 16816: 16786: 16671: 16572: 16505: 16482: 16431: 16427: 16423: 16363: 16337: 16197: 16157: 16137: 16117: 16107: 16047: 16042: 15856: 15818: 15768: 15733: 15698: 15693: 15677: 15672: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15629: 15517: 15325: 15202: 15188: 15163: 15158: 15148: 15120: 14907: 14902: 14882: 14862: 14857: 14657: 14612: 14592: 14557: 14547: 14434: 14389: 14379: 14284: 14179: 14159: 14075: 13525: 13331: 13326: 13286: 13201: 13049: 12924: 12862: 12245: 12210: 12115: 11730: 11660: 11630: 11590: 11484: 11275: 11235: 11215: 10788: 9904: 9818: 9798: 9753: 9728: 9490: 9444: 9414: 9394: 9344: 9334: 8859: 8819: 8638: 7667: 7638: 7541: 7490: 7355: 7283: 7162: 7153: 7047: 6799: 6528: 6498: 6424: 6359: 6214: 6191: 6186: 6151: 6004: 5936: 5798: 5713: 5617: 5613: 5523: 4838: 4722:"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava" 3759:"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava" 2911:"Māori Plant Use Database Plant Use Details of Macropiper excelsum" 2816: 1678: 1671: 1638: 1498: 1350: 1130: 1122: 1088: 1068: 1060: 986:, which are higher in the roots than in the stems and leaves, with 983: 355: 347: 300: 19937: 19885: 7350: 5372:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1973. pp. Issue 2 5269:. HealthLink BC, Government of British Columbia. 23 September 2021 5047:"The Medicines for Human Use (Kava-kava) (Prohibition) Order 2002" 2454:

Lebot V, Lèvesque J (1989). "The Origin and Distribution of Kava (

885:

More recently, specialized kava varieties have been introduced to

836: 739:

Kava consists of sterile cultivars cloned from its wild ancestor,

630:. It is seen as a symbol of death, corresponding to the rangiora ( 19854: 19701: 19582: 19460: 19143: 19027: 18805: 18795: 18023: 17953: 17888: 17838: 17697: 17449: 17423: 17413: 17398: 17303: 17116: 17091: 16841: 16721: 16519: 16509: 16268: 16207: 16182: 16177: 16052: 16032: 16012: 15833: 15823: 15808: 15793: 15778: 15763: 15758: 15743: 15728: 15609: 15348: 15208: 14662: 14369: 14070: 13594: 13416: 13216: 12741: 12140: 12078: 11740: 11720: 11416: 11287: 10755: 10536: 10012: 9909: 9894: 9833: 9808: 9778: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9551: 9511: 9465: 9399: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 8824: 8789: 8739: 8730: 7855: 7790: 7692: 7625: 7320: 7107: 6844: 6658: 6533: 6429: 6336: 6055: 5788: 1945: 1852: 1848: 1674: 1542: 1447: 1443: 1418: 1387: 1319: 1261: 657: 599: 434: 378: 328: 316: 296: 276: 10677: 5317:. US Food and Drug Administration. 25 March 2002. Archived from 3964:

Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, et al. (14 February 2003).

1413:

Kava root being prepared for consumption in Asanvari village on

1253:

to reverse the anxiolytic effects of kava in mice suggests that

19872: 19711: 19696: 19691: 19562: 19455: 19118: 18785: 18600: 18259: 18183: 18168: 18158: 17933: 17524: 17403: 17021: 16901: 16452: 16415: 16037: 15990: 15861: 15843: 15803: 15487: 15285: 13420: 12684:

Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel

12533: 12529:

Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel

12205: 12125: 12008: 11998: 11780: 11549: 10756: 10667: 10632: 10627: 10576: 10506: 10420: 10391: 10386: 10204: 10169: 10113: 10017: 9996: 9889: 9843: 9803: 9748: 9658: 9576: 9561: 9434: 9409: 9374: 9349: 9239: 8754: 7850: 7800: 7345: 7239:

List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania

7158: 6310: 6206: 5513: 4920:. Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Archived from 3310: 1824: 1759: 1574: 1409: 1343: 1290: 1044: 975: 947: 807: 693: 619: 449:, ubiquitous elsewhere, was lost for Austronesians in Oceania. 438: 332: 312: 284: 246: 8690:

Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium

2992:"Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity" 2383:"Validation of Piper Methysticum var. wichmannii (Piperaceae)" 1425: 19716: 19318: 19213: 18955: 18710: 18575: 17948: 17898: 17858: 17622: 17313: 17257: 17166: 16851: 16846: 15813: 13900: 12390: 12160: 12013: 10678: 10466: 10326: 10032: 9723: 9596: 9299: 8809: 8764: 7744: 7727: 7712: 7330: 7183: 6503: 3705: 2654: 2508:"The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: A Work in Progress" 1930: 1844: 1840: 1414: 1335: 1170: 1161:

reversible inhibition (by all six of the major kavalactones).

959: 943: 680:

distribution showed it was cultivated on numerous islands of

669: 665: 415:). Kava originated in Fiji and spread through the pacific by 256: 218: 87: 16657: 12808: 1285: 437:

and is not found in other Austronesian groups. Kava reached

18720: 13736:

Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

13658: 12703: 12361: 12323: 12106: 10612: 10491: 7815: 7795: 7785: 7765: 7722: 7687: 7672: 7288: 7273: 5650: 4974:"The Pacific Island Nations: Towards Shared Representation" 4588: 3566:

Assessment of the Risk of Hepatotoxicity with Kava Products

3234: 3159: 2866:. Hilo, Hawaii: Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa. p. 34. 1950: 1836: 1399: 1298: 1166: 875: 661: 343: 268: 13632: 10937: 4012: 7448: 4977: 4677: 3963: 3592: 3463: 3353: 2345: 1832: 1801:

Kava possession is limited to 2 kg per adult in the

1466:

obtained with the use of organic solvents do not contain

11902: 5169:"Dunne: Kava unaffected by Psychoactive Substances Bill" 4168: 2579: 1035:-O- bridge and with all possible C=C double bonds shown. 366:

concluded it had a small effect for treating short-term

12593: 12413: 5418: 5396: 3241:

Amitava Dasgupta, Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler (2011).

2946: 2545:

Lynch J (2002). "Potent Roots and the Origin of kava".

2399:

10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[3:VOPMVW]2.0.CO;2

1568:

clarifies the mind and sharpens the mental faculties".

1493: 1268:, but has been associated with elevated liver enzymes. 564:

are also applied to the unrelated members of the genus

14002: 10203: 9939: 4908: 3966:"Saccade and Cognitive Function in Chronic Kava Users" 3871:"South Florida Kava Bars Unworried about Two-Day Kava" 3644:

Zhou P, Gross S, Liu JH, et al. (December 2010).

3356:"Saccade and cognitive function in chronic kava users" 3197: 2433:. Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 389–426. 2293: 12890: 10031: 9944: 7023: 4949:. The World Trade Review. August 2005. Archived from 3267: 1710:

Kava is under preliminary research for its potential

5001:(in German). Pharmazeutische Zeitung. 16 August 2015 4529:

Norton SA, Ruze P (1 July 1994). "Kava dermopathy".

3785:

My Village, My World: Everyday Life in Nadoria, Fiji

3354:

Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, et al. (2003).

2989: 2624: 2622: 2602:

Music, Lapita, and the Problem of Polynesian Origins

2155: 2119: 2069: 10306: 9616: 9193: 9163: 3782: 3046: 2458:Forst. F., Piperaceae): A Phytochemical Approach". 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2207: 2156:Wang J, Qu W, Bittenbender HC, et al. (2013). 2070:Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (23 December 1992). 10438: 4862:"Islanders shocked as Australia moves to ban kava" 4859: 3464:Teschke R, Sarris J, Glass X, et al. (2016). 2860:Hawaiian ʻawa: views of an ethnobotanical treasure 2814: 2420: 2418: 2416: 16555:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators: 13925: 13499: 7229: 5124:"Kava zalegalizowana. Marihuana będzie następna?" 4884:"Kava legal in WA, marketed at troubled sleepers" 4841:. Northern Territory Government. 12 December 2016 4724:. Federal Register of Legislation. 5 October 2006 2852: 2850: 2684: 2619: 1129:(by kavain and methysticin) and possibly also of 241:, meaning 'bitter'; other names for kava include 20105: 19779:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer) 13563: 4673: 4671: 2815:Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V (15 January 2011). 2475: 2473: 2276: 2126:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 58. 1310:Kava is consumed in various ways throughout the 13963:Transient receptor potential channel modulators 5148: 4524: 4522: 4520: 3920: 3396:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man 3193: 3191: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2413: 2380: 1766:), skin diseases and topical wounds, and as an 878:prayer for inspiration that contains the line, 16635: 5612: 5395:from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project ( 4591:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 4531:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 4255: 3643: 2990:Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (1 January 2013). 2847: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2208:Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Pittler MH (ed.). 1936:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia 578:refer to other species belonging to the genus 399:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia 358:properties. Its active ingredients are called 20179:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators 16621: 13988: 13905:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels 12395:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 10904: 9149: 8892: 8230: 7985: 7215: 6627:Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors 5598: 5434: 4668: 4340: 4338: 4141: 3914: 2573: 2470: 2453: 893: 863:The day of revealing shall see what it sees: 452:According to Lynch (2002), the reconstructed 346:of the plant is used to produce a drink with 12813:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel 10852:(FAAH-like anandamide transporter inhibitor) 10840:(directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB 4864:. Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), Sydney 4517: 4371: 3562: 3459: 3457: 3347: 3304: 3270:Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 3188: 3153: 3110: 3040: 2933: 2690: 2505: 2499: 2051:Balick, Michael J. and Leem, Roberta (2002) 1629:(central nervous system depressants such as 1575:Toxicity, safety, and potential side effects 20194:Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors 14004: 12711:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel 7016: 3261: 2801: 2387:Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 2065: 2063: 1734:A traditional Fijian yaqona bundle of roots 1426:Supplements and pharmaceutical preparations 746: 16628: 16614: 13995: 13981: 13637:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel 11929:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine) 10942:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels 10918: 10911: 10897: 9156: 9142: 8899: 8885: 8237: 8223: 7992: 7978: 7222: 7208: 5605: 5591: 5441: 5427: 4528: 4344: 4335: 3409:"Fiji -> In depth -> Food and Drink" 3116: 2996:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2783:"Vanuatu kava cleared for European market" 2592: 2057:Alternative Therapies, Vol. 8, No.4. p. 96 1986:. Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018. 1738:Over centuries, kava has been used in the 1603: 1305: 818:). Some of the most popular cultivars are 810:, there are many other cultivars of kava ( 53: 8244: 4492: 4438: 4428: 3981: 3807: 3679: 3661: 3497: 3454: 3436:Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3371: 3007: 2727:"Drink the right mix - Fiji Times Online" 2675: 2538: 2447: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2233: 2203: 2201: 2181: 1668:can cause a semicomatose state in humans. 1616: 1558: 867:An insight won by the black sacred 'awa, 724:Painting showing women preparing kava by 636:), which is the symbol of life. However, 11907:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels 7999: 4623: 3842: 3470:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 2655:Vincent Lebot, Patricia Siméoni (2004). 2429:. In Ross M, Pawley A, Osmond M (eds.). 2381:Applequist WL, Lebot V (25 April 2006). 2060: 1921:List of herbs with known adverse effects 1729: 1722:indicated a small level of improvement. 1497:A sign showing a "Kava licence area" at 1492: 1408: 1374: 1284: 1014: 946:. Dried root contains approximately 43% 942:Fresh kava root contains on average 80% 897: 865:A seeing of facts, a sifting of rumors, 719: 648:Kava was historically grown only in the 429:after contact eastward into the rest of 12601:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel 12421:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel 10213: 8906: 5341:"Vanuatu - Legislation - Kava Act 2002" 4414: 3868: 3845:"In Brooklyn, a Hare Krishna Reckoning" 3433: 2664:Ethnobotany Research & Applications 2214:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2120:Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (1997). 1725: 1587: 1579: 14: 20106: 5019: 4714: 4114: 3893: 3756: 3525:"Kava: A Human Health Risk Assessment" 2757:"Vanuatu hopes for kava export growth" 2598: 2250: 2198: 2162:Journal of Food Science and Technology 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 1641:, diuretics, and drugs metabolized by 1551:kava with other substances, including 1480:In the context of these concerns, the 407:indicating Kava was domesticated from 19793: 19792: 16609: 13976: 12895:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels 10892: 9137: 8880: 8218: 7973: 7377:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei) 7203: 5586: 5422: 5291:. Health Canada. 2017. Archived from 5070: 4220: 4063: 3889: 3887: 3701: 3699: 3588: 3586: 3558: 3556: 3519: 3517: 3247:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57. 3075: 2544: 1978: 1976: 1091:are present in the roots and leaves. 908:) plant may have been named by early 20013:893f34bb-cfcd-45fb-9357-3cd8710cc865 16596:GABA metabolism/transport modulators 12830:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate 10547:Redafamdastat (JZP-150, PF-04457845) 9102:For other topics including Oceanian 7510:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands 5414:. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). 1882. 5223:Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter 4474: 4121:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 3900:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 2915:maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz 2424: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 1805:. While it was previously banned in 392: 16213:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) 11924:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine) 10311:Tooltip Endocannabinoid transporter 9624:Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 2 9201:Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 1 5151:"Warenwetbesluit Kruidenpreparaten" 4860:Armbruster, Stefan (10 July 2015). 3783:Biturogoiwasa S, Walker AR (2001). 3595:Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2210:"Kava extract for treating anxiety" 2140: 1592:There is published evidence of the 1237:receptor activity may underlie the 1133:(by kavain and desmethoxyyangonin). 1094: 24: 15276:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 10443:Tooltip Fatty acid amide hydrolase 8446:Austral Islands (French Polynesia) 4999:"Comeback unter strengen Auflagen" 4971: 4947:"Fiji takes kava ban fight to WTO" 4750:. 17 December 2019. Archived from 4249: 3884: 3696: 3583: 3553: 3514: 2339: 1973: 1685: 1485:form or produced with cold water. 777: 643: 592:, it was applied to the kawakawa ( 542:. In some languages, most notably 25: 20250: 18596:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 17924:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 16877:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene) 16862:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 16023:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate 13930:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels 13504:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel 6332:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate 5362: 2096: 2023:"Embassy of the Republic of Fiji" 1998:"Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi" 1926:Alcohol and Drugs History Society 1664:. Kava taken in combination with 1169:(i.e., main) binding site of the 225:'intoxicating') is a crop of the 20065:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198437-2 18976:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether 13568:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel 7910:World Invitational Hula Festival 5333: 4386:10.2165/00003495-200565090-00005 3482:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03775.x 3131:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002 2634:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden 2485:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden 1886: 1796:Therapeutic Goods Administration 916:due to its similarities to kava. 626:. It is a sacred tree among the 74: 18971:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether 16443:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) 7430:Australian Aboriginal astronomy 5307: 5281: 5259: 5233: 5211: 5186: 5161: 5142: 5116: 5090: 5064: 5039: 5013: 4991: 4965: 4939: 4909:C.I.J.M. Ross-van Dorp (2003). 4902: 4876: 4853: 4831: 4793: 4766: 4736: 4617: 4582: 4557: 4468: 4455: 4408: 4365: 4292: 4214: 4162: 4135: 4108: 4057: 4006: 3957: 3862: 3843:Laterman K (22 December 2017). 3836: 3801: 3776: 3750: 3637: 3427: 3401: 3388: 2983: 2903: 2878: 2775: 2749: 2719: 2648: 2374: 1694:known as "kava dermopathy", or 1488: 1280: 1010: 1005: 755:, the ancestor of domesticated 377:. However, consumption of kava 18896:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide 15392:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone) 11386:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA) 10789:Orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin) 8927:Federated States of Micronesia 8810:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi) 8501:Federated States of Micronesia 8265:Federated States of Micronesia 8020:Federated States of Micronesia 7515:Federated States of Micronesia 3935:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.120 3569:. WHO Regional Office Europe. 2045: 2015: 1990: 1873: 1827:, and in prepared form in the 1390:commonly share a drink called 1153:voltage-gated calcium channels 937: 654:Federated States of Micronesia 570:. In other languages, such as 13: 1: 18871:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 18064:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 17673:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 17102:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 16588:Receptor/signaling modulators 15144:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) 13959:Receptor/signaling modulators 11361:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID) 10869:Receptor/signaling modulators 9340:Gallocatechol (gallocatechin) 7231:Culture of indigenous Oceania 5020:Joshua J (17 February 2016). 4603:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70547-X 4543:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70142-3 4421:J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 3728:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00381-9 3534:. 25 May 2016. Archived from 3532:Technical Report Series No 30 3282:10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00062-1 1966: 1773: 1149:voltage-gated sodium channels 1019:The general structure of the 869:A vision like that of a god! 799:), and "Palarasul" kava from 729: 20214:Polynesian words and phrases 20199:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 18094:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon 16338:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) 15423:anabolic-androgenic steroids 14205:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital 14010:receptor positive modulators 8649:Oceanian legendary creatures 5247:. Health Canada. 26 May 2016 5071:Garae L (27 December 2017). 4692:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012 4494:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91458-M 2961:10.3109/00048674.2010.522554 2833:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.002 2693:Food and Chemical Toxicology 2360:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012 1900:Food and Drug Administration 1785: 1536: 1440:supercritical carbon dioxide 1372:("wild cognac" in English). 1271: 1230:receptor was also observed. 1207:. Weak interaction with the 1155:(by kavain and methysticin). 715: 556:, the reduplicated forms of 480:. It originally referred to 299:). Kava is consumed for its 7: 20234:Taxa named by Georg Forster 19747:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin) 19375:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 18756:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) 17242:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone 14978:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) 10878:(cannabinoids by structure) 10532:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 10372:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 9124:Category:Culture of Oceania 6858:Tetracyclic antidepressants 6672:Tetracyclic antidepressants 4774:"Import requirements: Kava" 3869:Swanson J (20 March 2014). 3098:. Drugs.com. 3 January 2018 2506:Blust R, Trussel S (2013). 1914: 1705: 1528:(gift) and drinking of the 1453: 618:, is derived from the same 10: 20255: 19767:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) 19387:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 18491:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 17658:Methylsamidorphan chloride 16892:Dimethylaminopivalophenone 16717:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 15306:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 12922:Antiarrhythmics (class I): 8731:Chatham Islander (Moriori 7639:Weriyeng navigation school 3174:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.003 1905: 1540: 1512: 1398:. Grog is very popular in 894:Relationship with kawakawa 602:to New Zealand and nearby 396: 31: 20229:Austronesian spirituality 20174:Ceremonial food and drink 19801: 19687:Racecadotril (acetorphan) 19635: 19547: 19362: 19351: 19094:Buprenorphine/samidorphan 19051: 19006:Tricyclic antidepressants 18448: 18437: 18217: 18084:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 17791: 17780: 17437: 17127:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 16646: 16581: 16231: 15999: 15936: 15903: 15870: 15842: 15556: 15498:Pregnanolone (eltanolone) 15377: 15334: 15245: 15217: 15129: 15011: 14453: 14140: 14041:Chlorobutanol (cloretone) 14016: 13952: 13923: 13898: 13891: 13825: 13818: 13771: 13743: 13729: 13707: 13644: 13630: 13621: 13575: 13561: 13539: 13511: 13497: 13440: 13432:Tricyclic antidepressants 12902: 12888: 12879: 12853: 12820: 12806: 12750: 12718: 12701: 12582: 12441:Glibenclamide (glyburide) 12402: 12388: 12351: 11914: 11900: 11891: 11859: 10949: 10926: 10860: 10806: 10754: 10676: 10595: 10454:4-Nonylphenylboronic acid 10436: 10419: 10287: 10202: 10137: 10041: 10030: 10005: 9954: 9937: 9877: 9631: 9614: 9504: 9453: 9208: 9191: 9174: 9100: 9018: 8995: 8914: 8873: 8703: 8682: 8601: 8438: 8356: 8333: 8252: 8209: 8193: 8111: 8088: 8007: 7966: 7957: 7879: 7753: 7650: 7483:traditions and ceremonies 7415: 7364: 7244: 7237: 7061: 7014: 6986: 6953: 6933: 6879: 6835:Tricyclic antidepressants 6820: 6808: 6751: 6693: 6649:Tricyclic antidepressants 6617: 6554: 6542: 6471: 6319: 6256: 6223: 6205: 6137: 6084: 6041: 6013: 5955: 5832: 5689: 5641: 5629: 5560: 5532: 5489: 5482: 5456: 4235:10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.001 4115:Kilham CS (1 June 1996). 4066:Social Studies of Science 3810:Anthropological Quarterly 3325:10.1007/s00213-003-1520-0 2705:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.075 2427:"Other cultivated plants" 2226:10.1002/14651858.CD003383 2174:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2 2074:. Yale University Press. 1813: 1482:World Health Organization 650:Pacific islands of Hawaii 403:Kava is conspecific with 375:World Health Organization 185: 178: 71:Scientific classification 69: 61: 52: 47: 20239:Austronesian agriculture 20189:Calcium channel blockers 19672:Dexecadotril (retorphan) 19644:Enkephalinase inhibitors 19573:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094) 19555:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 19471:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) 16592:GABA receptor modulators 16502:sulfonmethane (sulfonal) 10817:Phosphatidylethanolamine 10094:Lysophosphatidylinositol 9532:Falcarinol (carotatoxin) 9073:Northern Mariana Islands 8533:Northern Mariana Islands 8411:Northern Mariana Islands 8166:Northern Mariana Islands 7942:Festival of Pacific Arts 6420:Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) 5448: 5149:Koninkrijksrelaties Mv. 4626:Human Psychopharmacology 4430:10.1136/jnnp.52.suppl.29 4078:10.1177/0306312710395341 4015:Human Psychopharmacology 3894:Kilham C (1 June 1996). 3563:Organization WH (2007). 1039:A total of 18 different 855:Nathaniel Bright Emerson 747:Noble and non-noble kava 20184:Sodium channel blockers 19370:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin 18641:Dynorphin B (rimorphin) 17683:Nalorphine dinicotinate 13045:Eslicarbazepine acetate 10527:Palmitoylisopropylamide 9038:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8376:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8131:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7905:Merrie Monarch Festival 6907:Atypical antipsychotics 6721:Atypical antipsychotics 5411:Encyclopædia Britannica 5073:"Kava banned in Poland" 4475:Ruze P (16 June 1990). 4417:"The on-off phenomenon" 3970:Neuropsychopharmacology 3757:Health (11 July 2011). 3448:10.1002/jhrc.1240201007 3360:Neuropsychopharmacology 1604:Other adverse reactions 1306:Traditional preparation 815: 696:, whereas specimens of 474:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian 460:, was derived from the 221:'pepper' and Latinized 18986:Spiradoline (U-62,066) 18931:Pethidine (meperidine) 18124:Pethidine (meperidine) 17814:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881) 17460:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide 17359:Tetrahydropapaveroline 17274:Pethidine (meperidine) 16478:Retigabine (ezogabine) 15754:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) 15321:7,8-Dihydromethysticin 15311:5,6-Dehydromethysticin 14190:Benzylbutylbarbiturate 12789:Rottlerin (mallotoxin) 10920:Ion channel modulators 10472:Arachidonoyl serotonin 10337:Arachidonoyl serotonin 9739:GW-405,833 (L-768,242) 8855:Torres Strait Islander 8246:Literature of Oceania 7607:Micronesian Navigation 7081:Chlorophenylalkyldiols 6889:Typical antipsychotics 6703:Typical antipsychotics 4824:20 August 2006 at the 4270:10.1001/jama.2010.1689 3983:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052 3763:www.legislation.gov.au 3373:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052 2677:10.17348/era.2.0.19-28 2605:. Polynesian Origins. 2309:10.1055/s-0035-1558295 1748:central nervous system 1735: 1617:Potential interactions 1559:Effects of consumption 1510: 1422: 1384: 1302: 1036: 932:Piperaceae M. excelsum 917: 872: 736: 574:, compound terms like 472:(in Proto-Oceanic and 441:, but it is absent in 36:. For other uses, see 20204:CB1 receptor agonists 19677:Ecadotril (sinorphan) 19164:CERC-501 (LY-2456302) 19064:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 18626:Dinalbuphine sebacate 18501:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 18225:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 18184:Thiobromadol (C-8813) 17824:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 17470:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 17450:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol 16922:Dinalbuphine sebacate 11146:Ryodipine (riodipine) 10124:Palmitoylethanolamide 10049:2-AGE (noladin ether) 9649:3,3'-Diindolylmethane 9644:2-AGE (noladin ether) 9230:2-AGE (noladin ether) 9021:and other territories 8825:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i) 8711:Indigenous Australian 8609:Australian Aboriginal 8359:and other territories 8114:and other territories 8001:Languages of Oceania 7602:Polynesian Navigation 7582:Torres Strait Islands 4172:Phytotherapy Research 3822:10.1353/anq.2007.0054 2949:Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2636:. Benton Family Trust 2487:. Benton Family Trust 1733: 1496: 1412: 1378: 1288: 1018: 901: 880:He ʻike pū ʻawa hiwa. 860: 723: 633:Brachyglottis repanda 422:It was spread by the 417:Polynesian navigation 38:Kava (disambiguation) 19534:Sunobinop (S-117957) 19269:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic 18601:Diamorphine (heroin) 17934:Diamorphine (heroin) 16902:Diamorphine (heroin) 16702:Acetyldihydrocodeine 16682:7-Hydroxymitragynine 16677:7-Acetoxymitragynine 16533:constituents (e.g., 16317:Deuterated etifoxine 15379:Neuroactive steroids 15349:Apronal (apronalide) 15201:constituents (e.g., 14818:N-Desalkylflurazepam 13135:Valproate semisodium 11666:Carboxyamidotriazole 11601:Gabapentin enacarbil 11581:Arbaclofen placarbil 10059:Abnormal cannabidiol 9962:Abnormal cannabidiol 9794:Lenabasum (anabasum) 9165:Cannabinoid receptor 8908:Religion in Oceania 8840:Taiwanese aborigines 8199:Languages of Oceania 7038:Gabapentin enacarbil 6086:Neuroactive steroids 6056:Apronal (apronalide) 5483:Chemical composition 5289:"Ingredients - Kava" 5022:"New Kava Challenge" 4465:2001;61(15):2163-75. 4423:. Suppl (9): 29–37. 4301:Hum. Psychopharmacol 3663:10.1096/fj.10-163311 3607:10.1055/s-2001-16966 3212:10.1055/s-2001-14334 2559:10.1353/ol.2002.0010 2524:10.1353/ol.2013.0016 2080:10.2307/j.ctt211qwxb 1754:infections, chronic 1740:traditional medicine 1726:Traditional medicine 1588:Effects on the liver 1580:General observations 1326:, and some parts of 1289:Kava root drying in 1233:Potentiation of GABA 614:name for the plant, 456:term for the plant, 19737:Ubenimex (bestatin) 19481:Nociceptin (1-13)NH 19089:β-Chlornaltrexamine 19059:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 18481:β-Chlornaltrexamine 18355:N-Benzylnaltrindole 18250:β-Chlornaltrexamine 18169:TAN-67 (SB-205,607) 17834:AR-M100390 (ARM390) 17495:β-Chlornaltrexamine 17465:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 16692:α-Chlornaltrexamine 16326:dihydroergocryptine 15638:Pyrazolopyrimidines 15296:5,6-Dihydroyangonin 15281:7,8-Dihydroyangonin 14468:3-Hydroxyphenazepam 14310:Methylphenobarbital 13786:1,10-Phenanthroline 12343:Spooky toxin (SsTx) 11328:Tetrahydropalmatine 9659:α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin 9315:Dimethylheptylpyran 9240:α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin 9108:indigenous currency 7402:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony 4927:on 27 February 2008 4888:The West Australian 4754:on 17 December 2019 4565:"Kava Side Effects" 4487:(8703): 1442–1445. 3720:2003PChem..64..673W 3541:on 11 February 2016 2547:Oceanic Linguistics 2512:Oceanic Linguistics 2481:"*Kava ~ *Kavakava" 1956:Samoa 'ava ceremony 1338:; the hand forms a 1249:receptor inhibitor 1224:benzodiazepine site 1159:Monoamine oxidase B 910:Polynesian voyagers 874:Winter describes a 433:. It is endemic to 171:P. methysticum 20169:Culture of Vanuatu 19299:Norbinaltorphimine 18606:Diacetylnalorphine 18295:Diacetylnalorphine 17919:Desmethylclozapine 17573:Diacetylnalorphine 17253:Papaver somniferum 16837:Chloroxymorphamine 16420:4-O-methylhonokiol 16083:Dichloralphenazone 15981:Methylmethaqualone 15558:Nonbenzodiazepines 15271:Desmethoxyyangonin 15266:11-Hydroxyyangonin 15261:11-Methoxyyangonin 15256:10-Methoxyyangonin 14643:Ethyl carfluzepate 14245:Cyclopentobarbital 13796:7,8-Benzoquinoline 13791:4,7-Phenanthroline 13781:1,7-Phenanthroline 13157:Local anesthetics: 12689:ML-297 (VU0456810) 12196:Diallyl trisulfide 12191:Dextropropoxyphene 12094:Tetraethylammonium 11801:Pinaverium bromide 11571:4-Methylpregabalin 10256:Oleoylethanolamide 10190:Tetrahydromagnolol 10119:Oleoylethanolamide 9885:4-O-Methylhonokiol 9864:Tetrahydromagnolol 9819:Olorinab (APD-371) 9654:4-O-Methylhonokiol 7718:Polynesian sailing 7103:Diethylpropanediol 6385:Dichloralphenazone 6301:Methylmethaqualone 6139:Nonbenzodiazepines 5666:Diethylpropanediol 5509:Dihydromethysticin 5499:Desmethoxyyangonin 5385:Kava ban documents 5155:wetten.overheid.nl 5077:Vanuatu Daily Post 5051:Legislation.gov.uk 5026:Vanuatu Daily Post 4953:on 29 October 2013 4890:. 13 February 2017 3849:The New York Times 3313:Psychopharmacology 3049:Chem. Res. Toxicol 2789:. 12 November 2015 2763:. 11 November 2015 2027:www.fijiembassy.be 1961:Samoan plant names 1898:In 2002, the U.S. 1803:Northern Territory 1780:dietary supplement 1736: 1714:— primarily 1511: 1503:Northern Territory 1423: 1385: 1349:The extract is an 1303: 1190:δ-opioid receptors 1065:desmethoxyyangonin 1057:dihydromethysticin 1037: 996:dihydromethysticin 958:, 12% water, 3.2% 918: 842:precolonial Hawaii 787:, "Melomelo" from 737: 20224:Polynesian drinks 20219:Melanesian drinks 20101: 20100: 20021:Open Tree of Life 19833:Piper methysticum 19803:Piper methysticum 19795:Taxon identifiers 19786: 19785: 19631: 19630: 19476:Nociceptin (1-11) 19347: 19346: 18476:14-Methoxymetopon 18433: 18432: 18350:Methylnaltrindole 17776: 17775: 17445:(3S,4S)-Picenadol 17057:Levacetylmethadol 16603: 16602: 16563:MRK-409 (MK-0343) 16334:dihydroergotamine 16277:potassium bromide 16271:compounds (e.g., 16218:Trichloroethylene 15986:Nitromethaqualone 15905:Pyrazolopyridines 15407:3α-Androstanediol 15301:7,8-Dihydrokavain 14653:Ethyl loflazepate 14430:Thiotetrabarbital 14046:Ethanol (alcohol) 13970: 13969: 13948: 13947: 13887: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13845:Meclofenamic acid 13814: 13813: 13725: 13724: 13617: 13616: 13613: 13612: 13557: 13556: 13493: 13492: 13367:RG7893 (GDC-0287) 13130:Valproate pivoxil 13020:Acetylpheneturide 12875: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12802: 12801: 12774:Meclofenamic acid 12737:Ethanol (alcohol) 12697: 12696: 12646:Minoxidil sulfate 12384: 12383: 11887: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11786:Otilonium bromide 11711:Ethanol (alcohol) 11475:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC 11211:Phenylalkylamines 10886: 10885: 10802: 10801: 10415: 10414: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10198: 10197: 10026: 10025: 9933: 9932: 9610: 9609: 9131: 9130: 9096: 9095: 9088:Wallis and Futuna 8996:Associated states 8593:Wallis and Futuna 8434: 8433: 8426:Wallis and Futuna 8334:Associated states 8205: 8204: 8189: 8188: 8181:Wallis and Futuna 8089:Associated states 7937:Pacific Community 7925:Pasifika Festival 7658:Aboriginal dugout 7597:Wallis and Futuna 7197: 7196: 6949: 6948: 6747: 6746: 6467: 6466: 6348:Potassium bromide 6306:Nitromethaqualone 5814:Thiotetrabarbital 5661:Ethanol (alcohol) 5580: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5474:Coconut shell cup 5391:Piper methysticum 5295:on 11 August 2022 5102:prawo.sejm.gov.pl 4819:Download PDF 44KB 4801:"Kava fact sheet" 4780:. 1 December 2021 4229:(Pt A): 472–501. 4223:Food Chem Toxicol 4178:(11): 1723–1728. 4128:978-1-62055-034-2 3907:978-0-89281-640-8 3794:978-982-02-0160-6 3656:(12): 4722–4732. 3650:The FASEB Journal 3576:978-92-4-159526-1 3254:978-0-470-92275-0 3061:10.1021/tx100412m 3009:10.1111/apt.12109 2921:on 11 August 2016 2787:Radio New Zealand 2761:Radio New Zealand 2731:www.fijitimes.com 2699:(10): 2503–2516. 2630:"Kawa ~ Kawakawa" 2612:978-0-473-28873-0 2599:McLean M (2014). 2456:Piper methysticum 2440:978-0-85883-589-4 2303:(18): 1647–1653. 2133:978-0-89281-726-9 2089:978-0-300-23898-3 1807:Western Australia 1720:anxiety disorders 1436:herbal supplement 980:demethoxyyangonin 757:Piper methysticum 483:Zingiber zerumbet 447:betel nut chewing 413:Piper subbullatum 405:Piper wichmannii, 393:History and names 364:systematic review 214:Piper methysticum 202: 201: 189:Piper methysticum 63:Piper methysticum 16:(Redirected from 20246: 20159:Culture of Tonga 20154:Culture of Samoa 20139:Medicinal plants 20094: 20093: 20081: 20080: 20068: 20067: 20055: 20054: 20042: 20041: 20029: 20028: 20016: 20015: 20006: 20005: 19993: 19992: 19980: 19979: 19967: 19966: 19954: 19953: 19941: 19940: 19928: 19927: 19915: 19914: 19902: 19901: 19889: 19888: 19876: 19875: 19863: 19862: 19850: 19849: 19837: 19836: 19835: 19822: 19821: 19820: 19790: 19789: 19666: 19593:Nociceptin (1-7) 19489:Norbuprenorphine 19426:Dihydroetorphine 19360: 19359: 19249:Methylnaltrexone 19159:Catechin gallate 18891:Norbuprenorphine 18616:Dihydroetorphine 18486:β-Funaltrexamine 18446: 18445: 18345:Methylnaltrexone 18285:Catechin gallate 18099:Norbuprenorphine 17939:Dihydroetorphine 17789: 17788: 17653:Methylnaltrexone 17545:Catechin gallate 17500:β-Funaltrexamine 16912:Dihydroetorphine 16655: 16654: 16630: 16623: 16616: 16607: 16606: 16322:Dihydroergolines 16239:3-Hydroxybutanal 15872:Piperidinediones 15605:Imidazopyridines 15139:6-Methylapigenin 15071:Hydroxyphenamate 14943:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F 14648:Ethyl dirazepate 14528:Chlordiazepoxide 14420:Thiobutabarbital 14132:Trifluoroethanol 14122:Trichloroethanol 14112:-Pentanol (2M2B) 14006: 13997: 13990: 13983: 13974: 13973: 13931: 13927: 13906: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13823: 13822: 13741: 13740: 13737: 13733: 13642: 13641: 13638: 13634: 13628: 13627: 13573: 13572: 13569: 13565: 13509: 13508: 13505: 13501: 13120:Sodium valproate 13035:Chlorphenacemide 13017:Anticonvulsants: 12900: 12899: 12896: 12892: 12886: 12885: 12835:Arachidonic acid 12818: 12817: 12814: 12810: 12716: 12715: 12712: 12708: 12685: 12681: 12602: 12598: 12554:Dextromethorphan 12530: 12526: 12422: 12418: 12400: 12399: 12396: 12392: 11912: 11911: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11870:L-type-selective 11681:Dimeditiapramine 11643:Others/unsorted: 11425:T-type-selective 11412:R-type-selective 11394:P-type-selective 11346:ω-Conotoxin GVIA 11336:N-type-selective 10966:Dihydropyridines 10960:L-type-selective 10947: 10946: 10943: 10939: 10933: 10932: 10913: 10906: 10899: 10890: 10889: 10759: 10681: 10444: 10440: 10434: 10433: 10430: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10251:N-Oleoyldopamine 10221:2-Oleoylglycerol 10211: 10210: 10207: 10129:THC (dronabinol) 10039: 10038: 10035: 9992:THC (dronabinol) 9952: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9854:THC (dronabinol) 9629: 9628: 9625: 9621: 9454:Inverse agonists 9430:THC (dronabinol) 9206: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9189: 9188: 9185: 9158: 9151: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9078:Pitcairn Islands 9048:French Polynesia 9033:Christmas Island 8962:Papua New Guinea 8942:Marshall Islands 8915:Sovereign states 8901: 8894: 8887: 8878: 8877: 8795:Norfolk Islander 8740:Fijian (iTaukei) 8543:Papua New Guinea 8416:Pitcairn Islands 8386:French Polynesia 8371:Christmas Island 8300:Papua New Guinea 8280:Marshall Islands 8253:Sovereign states 8239: 8232: 8225: 8216: 8215: 8171:Pitcairn Islands 8141:French Polynesia 8126:Christmas Island 8055:Papua New Guinea 8035:Marshall Islands 8008:Sovereign states 7994: 7987: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7949:Papua New Guinea 7612:Marshall Islands 7562:Pitcairn Islands 7557:Papua New Guinea 7497:Lomilomi massage 7443:Caroline Islands 7316:Papua New Guinea 7224: 7217: 7210: 7201: 7200: 7122:muscle relaxants 7025: 7022: 6818: 6817: 6552: 6551: 6489:4-Fluorophenibut 6225:Piperidinediones 6099:Allopregnanolone 5681:Trichloroethanol 5639: 5638: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5487: 5486: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5407: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4915: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4835: 4829: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4569:The Kava Library 4561: 4555: 4554: 4526: 4515: 4514: 4496: 4472: 4466: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4442: 4432: 4415:Lees AJ (1989). 4412: 4406: 4405: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4184:10.1002/ptr.4916 4166: 4160: 4159: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4027:10.1002/hup.1180 4010: 4004: 4003: 3985: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3703: 3694: 3693: 3683: 3665: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3529: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3501: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3413:www.frommers.com 3405: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3375: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3092: 3073: 3072: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3011: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2944: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2917:. Archived from 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2865: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2812: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2733:. Archived from 2723: 2717: 2716: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2661: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2626: 2617: 2616: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2422: 2411: 2410: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2291: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2263: 2248: 2247: 2237: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2185: 2168:(2): 1164–1169. 2153: 2138: 2137: 2117: 2094: 2093: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2029:. Archived from 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1342:and the coral a 1107:Potentiation of 1095:Pharmacodynamics 797:Pentecost Island 785:Pentecost Island 734: 731: 702:Papua New Guinea 608:Lord Howe Island 454:Proto-Polynesian 409:Piper wichmannii 383:organic solvents 323:, some parts of 301:sedating effects 191: 79: 78: 57: 45: 44: 27:Species of plant 21: 20254: 20253: 20249: 20248: 20247: 20245: 20244: 20243: 20144:Oceanian drinks 20134:Culture of Fiji 20104: 20103: 20102: 20097: 20089: 20084: 20076: 20071: 20063: 20058: 20050: 20045: 20037: 20032: 20024: 20019: 20011: 20009: 20001: 19996: 19988: 19983: 19975: 19970: 19962: 19957: 19949: 19944: 19936: 19931: 19923: 19918: 19910: 19905: 19897: 19892: 19884: 19879: 19871: 19866: 19858: 19853: 19845: 19840: 19831: 19830: 19825: 19816: 19815: 19810: 19797: 19787: 19782: 19664: 19627: 19558: 19543: 19484: 19406: 19398: 19390: 19386: 19378: 19355: 19343: 19139:Binaltorphimine 19084:6β-Naltrexol-d4 19047: 18666:Ethylketazocine 18621:Dihydromorphine 18441: 18429: 18240:6β-Naltrexol-d4 18213: 17969:Ethylketazocine 17944:Dihydromorphine 17784: 17772: 17480:6β-Naltrexol-d4 17433: 17232:Oxymorphonazine 16987:Furanylfentanyl 16917:Dihydromorphine 16772:Benzhydrocodone 16661: 16659: 16650: 16642: 16637:Opioid receptor 16634: 16604: 16599: 16577: 16535:isovaleric acid 16498:Sulfonylalkanes 16396:Hopantenic acid 16380:tolfenamic acid 16368:flufenamic acid 16330:dihydroergosine 16273:lithium bromide 16232:Others/unsorted 16227: 16088:Dichloromethane 16063:Chloral hydrate 16058:Chloral betaine 15995: 15932: 15899: 15866: 15838: 15567:Cyclopyrrolones 15552: 15458:Etiocholanolone 15373: 15330: 15291:5-Hydroxykavain 15241: 15213: 15125: 15007: 14455:Benzodiazepines 14449: 14260:Ethallobarbital 14255:Enallylpropymal 14136: 14117:Tribromoethanol 14104:-Butanol (2M2P) 14050:alcoholic drink 14012: 14009: 14001: 13971: 13966: 13944: 13929: 13919: 13904: 13879: 13875:Trifluoperazine 13870:Tolfenamic acid 13840:Flufenamic acid 13810: 13767: 13735: 13721: 13703: 13669:Flufenamic acid 13664:Ethacrynic acid 13636: 13609: 13567: 13553: 13535: 13503: 13489: 13436: 13267:Metabutoxycaine 13232:Diphenhydramine 13222:Cyclomethycaine 13187:Levobupivacaine 12894: 12867: 12849: 12812: 12798: 12794:Tolfenamic acid 12769:Flufenamic acid 12764: 12746: 12732: 12710: 12707: 12693: 12683: 12600: 12597: 12578: 12528: 12420: 12417: 12394: 12380: 12365: 12347: 12327: 12236:Norpropoxyphene 12113:11.1)-specific: 12112: 11906: 11879: 11855: 11811:Rhynchophylline 11561: 10941: 10922: 10917: 10887: 10882: 10856: 10843: 10798: 10750: 10672: 10591: 10462: 10442: 10424: 10423: 10411: 10310: 10292: 10291: 10275: 10194: 10133: 10022: 10001: 9942: 9929: 9873: 9623: 9620: 9606: 9500: 9449: 9213: 9210: 9200: 9197: 9179: 9178: 9170: 9162: 9132: 9127: 9092: 9020: 9014: 8997: 8991: 8972:Solomon Islands 8910: 8905: 8869: 8699: 8678: 8597: 8563:Solomon Islands 8430: 8358: 8352: 8335: 8329: 8310:Solomon Islands 8248: 8243: 8201: 8185: 8113: 8107: 8090: 8084: 8065:Solomon Islands 8003: 7998: 7953: 7900:Aloha Festivals 7875: 7749: 7708:Paopao (Tuvalu) 7698:Māori migration 7646: 7618:Stick charts of 7572:Solomon Islands 7455:Chatham Islands 7417: 7411: 7360: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7198: 7193: 7057: 7020: 7010: 6982: 6945: 6929: 6875: 6822:Antidepressants 6813: 6804: 6775:Dexmedetomidine 6756: 6743: 6689: 6619:Antidepressants 6613: 6574:Diphenhydramine 6547: 6538: 6476: 6463: 6452:Isovaleric acid 6415:Sulfonylalkanes 6370:Chloral hydrate 6365:Chloral betaine 6343:Lithium bromide 6315: 6252: 6219: 6201: 6133: 6080: 6037: 6009: 5951: 5834:Benzodiazepines 5828: 5734:Ethallobarbital 5685: 5634: 5625: 5611: 5581: 5572: 5568:Pipermethystine 5556: 5528: 5478: 5452: 5447: 5402: 5375: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5245:www.hc-sc.gc.ca 5239: 5238: 5234: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5198:gazette.govt.nz 5192: 5191: 5187: 5177: 5175: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4826:Wayback Machine 4810: 4808: 4807:on 20 July 2006 4799: 4798: 4794: 4783: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4676: 4669: 4638:10.1002/hup.299 4622: 4618: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4527: 4518: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4456: 4413: 4409: 4370: 4366: 4343: 4336: 4313:10.1002/hup.532 4297: 4293: 4254: 4250: 4219: 4215: 4167: 4163: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4113: 4109: 4062: 4058: 4011: 4007: 3962: 3958: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3892: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3841: 3837: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3704: 3697: 3642: 3638: 3601:(36): 970–972. 3591: 3584: 3577: 3561: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3515: 3462: 3455: 3442:(10): 555–559. 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3393: 3389: 3352: 3348: 3309: 3305: 3266: 3262: 3255: 3239: 3235: 3196: 3189: 3158: 3154: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3076: 3055:(7): 992–1002. 3045: 3041: 2988: 2984: 2945: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2863: 2855: 2848: 2827:(2–3): 96–103. 2813: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2737:on 30 June 2016 2725: 2724: 2720: 2689: 2685: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2597: 2593: 2578: 2574: 2543: 2539: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2425:Ross M (2008). 2423: 2414: 2379: 2375: 2344: 2340: 2292: 2277: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2251: 2220:(1): CD003383. 2206: 2199: 2154: 2141: 2134: 2118: 2097: 2090: 2068: 2061: 2050: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2033:on 10 June 2018 2021: 2020: 2016: 2006: 2004: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1982: 1981: 1974: 1969: 1917: 1908: 1889: 1882: 1876: 1816: 1794:The Australian 1788: 1776: 1744:Pacific Islands 1728: 1708: 1700:Fijian language 1688: 1686:Kava dermopathy 1658:benzodiazepines 1631:benzodiazepines 1623:anticonvulsants 1619: 1606: 1598:US Pharmacopeia 1590: 1582: 1577: 1561: 1545: 1539: 1517: 1491: 1475:Pipermethystine 1456: 1428: 1308: 1283: 1274: 1266:cognitive tests 1248: 1236: 1229: 1219: 1212: 1204: 1197: 1181: 1174: 1141: 1136:Binding to the 1112: 1101:pharmacological 1097: 1085:pipermethystine 1034: 1030: 1026: 1023:, without the R 1013: 1008: 940: 896: 871: 868: 866: 864: 780: 778:Growing regions 753:Piper wichmanii 749: 741:Piper wichmanii 732: 718: 712:(2.0 ft). 708:, and Vanuatu. 706:Solomon Islands 646: 644:Characteristics 401: 395: 303:throughout the 227:Pacific Islands 198: 193: 187: 174: 73: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20252: 20242: 20241: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20211: 20206: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20186: 20181: 20176: 20171: 20166: 20164:Drugs in Tonga 20161: 20156: 20151: 20146: 20141: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20099: 20098: 20096: 20095: 20091:wfo-0000486456 20082: 20069: 20056: 20043: 20030: 20017: 20007: 19994: 19981: 19968: 19955: 19942: 19929: 19916: 19903: 19890: 19877: 19864: 19851: 19838: 19823: 19807: 19805: 19799: 19798: 19784: 19783: 19781: 19780: 19770: 19769: 19764: 19759: 19754: 19749: 19740: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19669: 19667:-Phenylalanine 19661: 19656: 19651: 19639: 19637: 19633: 19632: 19629: 19628: 19626: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19556: 19551: 19549: 19545: 19544: 19542: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19516: 19511: 19506: 19501: 19496: 19494:Racemethorphan 19491: 19486: 19482: 19478: 19473: 19468: 19463: 19458: 19453: 19448: 19443: 19441:Levomethorphan 19438: 19433: 19428: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19404: 19400: 19396: 19392: 19388: 19384: 19380: 19376: 19372: 19366: 19364: 19357: 19349: 19348: 19345: 19344: 19342: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19301: 19296: 19291: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19126: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19106: 19101: 19096: 19091: 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19055: 19053: 19049: 19048: 19046: 19045: 19040: 19035: 19030: 19025: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18946:Racemethorphan 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18853: 18848: 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18768: 18766:Levomethorphan 18763: 18758: 18753: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18728: 18723: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18673: 18668: 18663: 18658: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18633: 18628: 18623: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18588: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18452: 18450: 18443: 18435: 18434: 18431: 18430: 18428: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18252: 18247: 18242: 18237: 18232: 18227: 18221: 18219: 18215: 18214: 18212: 18211: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18136: 18134:Racemethorphan 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18061: 18056: 18051: 18046: 18044:Levomethorphan 18041: 18039:Leu-enkephalin 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17996: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17946: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17921: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17886: 17881: 17876: 17871: 17866: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17795: 17793: 17786: 17778: 17777: 17774: 17773: 17771: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17718:Naltrexonazine 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17441: 17439: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17319:Racemethorphan 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17062:Levomethorphan 17059: 17054: 17052:Leu-enkephalin 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17012:Hydromorphinol 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16907:Dihydrocodeine 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16872:Dextromoramide 16869: 16864: 16859: 16854: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16777:Benzylmorphine 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16707:Acetylfentanyl 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16679: 16674: 16668: 16666: 16652: 16644: 16643: 16633: 16632: 16625: 16618: 16610: 16601: 16600: 16582: 16579: 16578: 16576: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16551: 16550: 16543:valerenic acid 16528: 16523: 16513: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16372:mefenamic acid 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16281:sodium bromide 16266: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16235: 16233: 16229: 16228: 16226: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16148:Methoxypropane 16145: 16143:Methoxyflurane 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16103:Ethyl chloride 16100: 16095: 16090: 16085: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16009: 16007: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15942: 15940: 15938:Quinazolinones 15934: 15933: 15931: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15909: 15907: 15901: 15900: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15876: 15874: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15848: 15846: 15840: 15839: 15837: 15836: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15681: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15600: 15599: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15562: 15560: 15554: 15553: 15551: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15383: 15381: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15340: 15338: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15252: 15250: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15223: 15221: 15215: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15206: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15135: 15133: 15127: 15126: 15124: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15017: 15015: 15009: 15008: 15006: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14459: 14457: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14360:Propylbarbital 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14235:Crotylbarbital 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14200:Brophebarbital 14197: 14195:Brallobarbital 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14146: 14144: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14106: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14081:Methylpentynol 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14022: 14020: 14014: 14013: 14007: 14000: 13999: 13992: 13985: 13977: 13968: 13967: 13953: 13950: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13942: 13934: 13932: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13909: 13907: 13893: 13889: 13888: 13885: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13850:Mefenamic acid 13847: 13842: 13837: 13831: 13829: 13820: 13816: 13815: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13808: 13806:Phenanthridine 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13777: 13775: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13749: 13747: 13738: 13727: 13726: 13723: 13722: 13720: 13719: 13713: 13711: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13650: 13648: 13639: 13625: 13619: 13618: 13615: 13614: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13581: 13579: 13570: 13559: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13551: 13545: 13543: 13537: 13536: 13534: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13517: 13515: 13506: 13495: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13454:Atracotoxins ( 13452: 13446: 13444: 13438: 13437: 13435: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13414: 13409: 13400: 13399: 13397:Zetekitoxin AB 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13370: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13315: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13297:Proxymetacaine 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13207:Chloroprocaine 13204: 13199: 13194: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13153: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12918: 12917: 12908: 12906: 12897: 12883: 12877: 12876: 12873: 12872: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12865: 12859: 12857: 12851: 12850: 12848: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12826: 12824: 12815: 12804: 12803: 12800: 12799: 12797: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12762: 12756: 12754: 12748: 12747: 12745: 12744: 12739: 12730: 12724: 12722: 12713: 12705: 12699: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12595: 12588: 12586: 12580: 12579: 12577: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12519: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12481:Glyclopyramide 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12436:Chlorpropamide 12433: 12428: 12415: 12408: 12406: 12397: 12386: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12378: 12373: 12363: 12357: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12325: 12319: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12181:Clarithromycin 12178: 12173: 12171:Chlorpromazine 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12110: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11920: 11918: 11909: 11895: 11889: 11888: 11885: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11877: 11865: 11863: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11791:Paramethadione 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11639: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11566:gabapentinoids 11559: 11553: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467:Non-selective: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11420: 11419: 11407: 11406: 11404:ω-Agatoxin IVB 11401: 11399:ω-Agatoxin IVA 11389: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11356:Huwentoxin XVI 11353: 11348: 11343: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11308:Cyproheptadine 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11066:Levniguldipine 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11006:Dexniguldipine 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10955: 10953: 10944: 10930: 10924: 10923: 10916: 10915: 10908: 10901: 10893: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10880: 10872: 10865: 10861: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10846: 10841: 10830: 10829: 10827:Diacylglycerol 10824: 10819: 10810: 10808: 10804: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10784:Oleanolic acid 10781: 10776: 10771: 10769:Betulinic acid 10762: 10760: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10684: 10682: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10601: 10599: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10447: 10445: 10431: 10417: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10315: 10313: 10299: 10285: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10217: 10215: 10208: 10200: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10141: 10139: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10045: 10043: 10036: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10009: 10007: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9958: 9956: 9949: 9935: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9881: 9879: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9839:Serinolamide A 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9635: 9633: 9626: 9618: 9612: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9508: 9506: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9457: 9455: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9425:Serinolamide A 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9235:11-Hydroxy-THC 9232: 9227: 9221: 9219: 9203: 9195: 9186: 9172: 9171: 9161: 9160: 9153: 9146: 9138: 9129: 9128: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9068:Norfolk Island 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9028:American Samoa 9024: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9012: 9007: 9001: 8999: 8998:of New Zealand 8993: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8911: 8904: 8903: 8896: 8889: 8881: 8875: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8734: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8406:Norfolk Island 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8366:American Samoa 8362: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8336:of New Zealand 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8161:Norfolk Island 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8121:American Samoa 8117: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8094: 8092: 8091:of New Zealand 8086: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8005: 8004: 7997: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7974: 7968: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7919: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7890:Garma Festival 7883: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7663:Alingano Maisu 7660: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7635: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7547:Norfolk Island 7544: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7479: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7440: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7421: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7274:kapa (Hawaiʻi) 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7227: 7226: 7219: 7212: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7169:Passion flower 7166: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7065: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6896: 6894:Chlorpromazine 6885: 6883: 6881:Antipsychotics 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6865: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6815: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6733: 6728: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6710: 6708:Chlorpromazine 6699: 6697: 6695:Antipsychotics 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6679: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6656: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6623: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6569:Cyproheptadine 6566: 6560: 6558: 6556:Antihistamines 6549: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6513:sodium oxybate 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6484:1,4-Butanediol 6480: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6457:Valerenic acid 6454: 6449: 6439: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6353:Sodium bromide 6350: 6345: 6334: 6329: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6258:Quinazolinones 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5779:Propylbarbital 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5676:Methylpentynol 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5446: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5400: 5387: 5382: 5364: 5363:External links 5361: 5358: 5357: 5345:faolex.fao.org 5332: 5321:on 3 June 2009 5306: 5280: 5258: 5232: 5210: 5185: 5160: 5141: 5115: 5089: 5063: 5038: 5012: 4990: 4964: 4938: 4901: 4875: 4852: 4830: 4792: 4765: 4735: 4713: 4667: 4632:(4): 353–356. 4616: 4581: 4556: 4516: 4467: 4454: 4407: 4380:(9): 1239–82. 4364: 4353:(2): 130–137. 4347:Altern Med Rev 4334: 4307:(7): 525–533. 4291: 4264:(19): 2174–5. 4248: 4213: 4161: 4150:(2): 223–281. 4134: 4127: 4107: 4072:(3): 361–384. 4056: 4021:(2): 102–111. 4005: 3976:(2): 389–396. 3956: 3923:Food Chemistry 3913: 3906: 3883: 3861: 3835: 3816:(4): 1065–81. 3800: 3793: 3775: 3749: 3714:(3): 673–679. 3708:Phytochemistry 3695: 3636: 3582: 3575: 3552: 3513: 3476:(3): 445–448. 3453: 3426: 3400: 3387: 3346: 3303: 3276:(7): 1105–20. 3260: 3253: 3233: 3187: 3162:Pharmacol. Res 3152: 3125:(11): 731–43. 3109: 3074: 3039: 2982: 2932: 2902: 2890:kavasociety.nz 2877: 2846: 2800: 2774: 2748: 2718: 2683: 2647: 2618: 2611: 2591: 2572: 2553:(2): 493–513. 2537: 2518:(2): 493–523. 2498: 2469: 2446: 2439: 2412: 2373: 2338: 2275: 2249: 2197: 2139: 2132: 2095: 2088: 2059: 2044: 2014: 1989: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1861:United Kingdom 1815: 1812: 1787: 1784: 1775: 1772: 1762:, coughs, and 1727: 1724: 1707: 1704: 1692:skin condition 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1669: 1654: 1645:in the liver. 1635:antipsychotics 1618: 1615: 1605: 1602: 1594:hepatotoxicity 1589: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1560: 1557: 1538: 1535: 1513:Main article: 1490: 1487: 1455: 1452: 1432:Pharmaceutical 1427: 1424: 1307: 1304: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1270: 1255:benzodiazepine 1246: 1234: 1227: 1217: 1210: 1202: 1195: 1179: 1176:receptor, the 1172: 1163: 1162: 1156: 1147:Inhibition of 1145: 1144:(by yangonin). 1139: 1134: 1127:norepinephrine 1116: 1110: 1099:The following 1096: 1093: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 998:also present. 939: 936: 923:Piper excelsum 920:The Kawakawa ( 905:Piper excelsum 895: 892: 861: 801:Espiritu Santo 779: 776: 748: 745: 717: 714: 700:were all from 678:P. methysticum 645: 642: 604:Norfolk Island 595:Piper excelsum 427:Lapita culture 394: 391: 381:produced with 200: 199: 194: 183: 182: 176: 175: 168: 166: 162: 161: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 117: 116: 111: 104: 103: 98: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 67: 66: 59: 58: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20251: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20210: 20207: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20170: 20167: 20165: 20162: 20160: 20157: 20155: 20152: 20150: 20149:Piper (plant) 20147: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20111: 20109: 20092: 20087: 20083: 20079: 20074: 20070: 20066: 20061: 20057: 20053: 20048: 20044: 20040: 20035: 20031: 20027: 20022: 20018: 20014: 20008: 20004: 19999: 19995: 19991: 19986: 19982: 19978: 19973: 19969: 19965: 19960: 19956: 19952: 19947: 19943: 19939: 19934: 19930: 19926: 19921: 19917: 19913: 19908: 19904: 19900: 19895: 19891: 19887: 19882: 19878: 19874: 19869: 19865: 19861: 19856: 19852: 19848: 19843: 19839: 19834: 19828: 19824: 19819: 19813: 19809: 19808: 19806: 19804: 19800: 19796: 19791: 19778: 19775: 19772: 19771: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19762:Pronociceptin 19760: 19758: 19757:Proenkephalin 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19745: 19742: 19741: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19641: 19640: 19638: 19634: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19553: 19552: 19550: 19546: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19512: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19502: 19500: 19497: 19495: 19492: 19490: 19487: 19485: 19479: 19477: 19474: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19462: 19459: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19432: 19429: 19427: 19424: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19416:Buprenorphine 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19401: 19399: 19393: 19391: 19381: 19379: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19367: 19365: 19361: 19358: 19354: 19350: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19265: 19262: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19149:Buprenorphine 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19100: 19099:Amentoflavone 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19056: 19054: 19050: 19044: 19041: 19039: 19036: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19023: 19022:nortriptyline 19019: 19015: 19011: 19010:amitriptyline 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18966: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18849: 18847: 18844: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18716:Hydromorphone 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18672: 18669: 18667: 18664: 18662: 18659: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18631:Diprenorphine 18629: 18627: 18624: 18622: 18619: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18611:Difelikefalin 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18591:Cyprenorphine 18589: 18587: 18584: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18536:Big dynorphin 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18456:3CS-nalmefene 18454: 18453: 18451: 18447: 18444: 18440: 18436: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18300:Diprenorphine 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18231: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18222: 18220: 18216: 18210: 18207: 18205: 18202: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18152: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18057: 18055: 18052: 18050: 18047: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18004:Hydromorphone 18002: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17914:Deltorphin II 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17799:3CS-nalmefene 17797: 17796: 17794: 17790: 17787: 17783: 17779: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17648:Methocinnamox 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17608:Ginsenoside R 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17578:Diprenorphine 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17455:3CS-nalmefene 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17442: 17440: 17436: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17284:Phencyclidine 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17259: 17255: 17254: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17227:Oxymorphazone 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17017:Hydromorphone 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16962:Ethylmorphine 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16952:Endomorphin-2 16950: 16948: 16947:Endomorphin-1 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16927:Diphenoxylate 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16812:Butyrfentanyl 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16797:Buprenorphine 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16712:Acrylfentanyl 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16687:ψ-Akuammigine 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16656: 16653: 16649: 16645: 16641: 16638: 16631: 16626: 16624: 16619: 16617: 16612: 16611: 16608: 16598: 16597: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16580: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16548: 16544: 16540: 16539:isovaleramide 16536: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16521: 16517: 16514: 16511: 16507: 16503: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16433: 16429: 16425: 16421: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16381: 16377: 16376:niflumic acid 16373: 16369: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16339: 16335: 16331: 16327: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16302:Clomethiazole 16300: 16298: 16297:Chlormezanone 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16287:Carbamazepine 16285: 16282: 16278: 16274: 16270: 16267: 16264: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16236: 16234: 16230: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16163:Nitrous oxide 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16093:Diethyl ether 16091: 16089: 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16002: 15998: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15943: 15941: 15939: 15935: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15906: 15902: 15896: 15895:Pyrithyldione 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15869: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15849: 15847: 15845: 15841: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15683: 15682: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15640: 15639: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15607: 15606: 15602: 15601: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15569: 15568: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15559: 15555: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15382: 15380: 15376: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15339: 15337: 15333: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15244: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15220: 15216: 15210: 15207: 15204: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15128: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15101:Phenprobamate 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15066:Hexapropymate 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15041:Difebarbamate 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15014: 15010: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14853:Nortetrazepam 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14713:Flutoprazepam 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14693:Flunitrazolam 14691: 14689: 14688:Flunitrazepam 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14678:Flubromazolam 14676: 14674: 14673:Flubromazepam 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14573:Cloniprazepam 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14463:2-Oxoquazepam 14461: 14460: 14458: 14456: 14452: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14405:Thialbarbital 14403: 14401: 14400:Tetrabarbital 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14385:Spirobarbital 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14365:Proxibarbital 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14355:Propallylonal 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14335:Phenobarbital 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14325:Pentobarbital 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14315:Narcobarbital 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14280:Heptobarbital 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14250:Difebarbamate 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14240:Cyclobarbital 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14185:Benzobarbital 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14139: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14107: 14105: 14103: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14056:Ethchlorvynol 14054: 14051: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14019: 14015: 14011: 13998: 13993: 13991: 13986: 13984: 13979: 13978: 13975: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13951: 13940: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13928: 13922: 13915: 13911: 13910: 13908: 13903: 13897: 13894: 13890: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13860:Niflumic acid 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13832: 13830: 13828: 13824: 13821: 13817: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13778: 13776: 13774: 13770: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13753:Glibenclamide 13751: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13742: 13739: 13734: 13728: 13718: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13699:Niflumic acid 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13684:Glibenclamide 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13643: 13640: 13635: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13620: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13566: 13560: 13550: 13547: 13546: 13544: 13542: 13538: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13502: 13496: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13480:Grayanotoxins 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13470:Batrachotoxin 13468: 13465: 13461: 13457: 13456:ω-Atracotoxin 13453: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13443: 13439: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13407:Buprenorphine 13405: 13402: 13401: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13192: 13188: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13162: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13140:Valproic acid 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13085:Oxitriptyline 13083: 13081: 13080:Oxcarbazepine 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13070:Licarbazepine 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13025:Carbamazepine 13023: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12912:Antianginals: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12898: 12893: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12878: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12852: 12846: 12845:Norfluoxetine 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12819: 12816: 12811: 12805: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12779:Niflumic acid 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12758: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12749: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12717: 12714: 12709: 12700: 12690: 12687: 12682: 12676: 12675: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12631:Levcromakalim 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12599: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12581: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12527: 12521: 12520: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12426:Acetohexamide 12424: 12419: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12398: 12393: 12387: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12321: 12320: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12271:Roxithromycin 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12108: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11964:Charybdotoxin 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11913: 11910: 11905: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11890: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11858: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11846:Trimethadione 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11686:Diproteverine 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11563: 11555: 11554: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11545:Ruthenium red 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11520:Levetiracetam 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11470:ω-Agatoxin TK 11468: 11465: 11464: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11440:Niflumic acid 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11422: 11421: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11408: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11390: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11333: 11332: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11061:Levamlodipine 11059: 11057: 11056:Lercanidipine 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10952: 10948: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10914: 10909: 10907: 10902: 10900: 10895: 10894: 10891: 10879: 10877: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10859: 10853: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10805: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10774:Maslinic acid 10772: 10770: 10767: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10675: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10418: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10290: 10286: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10206: 10201: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10029: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9936: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9719:Caryophyllene 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9630: 9627: 9622: 9613: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9503: 9497: 9496:Zevaquenabant 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9385:Levonantradol 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9207: 9204: 9199: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9159: 9154: 9152: 9147: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9136: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9063:New Caledonia 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9043:Easter Island 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8902: 8897: 8895: 8890: 8888: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511:New Caledonia 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Easter Island 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8401:New Caledonia 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8381:Easter Island 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8240: 8235: 8233: 8228: 8226: 8221: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8156:New Caledonia 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8136:Easter Island 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7990: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7678:Dugout (boat) 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:New Caledonia 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7465:Easter Island 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7416:Geo-specific, 7414: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365:Broad culture 7363: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7236: 7232: 7225: 7220: 7218: 7213: 7211: 7206: 7205: 7202: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7148: 7147:Methocarbamol 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137:Mephenoxalone 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7127:Chlorphenesin 7125: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7096:Phenaglycodol 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7013: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6840:Amitriptyline 6838: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6750: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6654:Amitriptyline 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6589:Methapyrilene 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6494:Aceburic acid 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6470: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Isovaleramide 6445: 6444: 6443: 6442:Sesquiterpene 6440: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380:Clomethiazole 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6243:Pyrithyldione 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5995:Phenprobamate 5993: 5991: 5990:Methocarbamol 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980:Hexapropymate 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5897:Flutoprazepam 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:Flunitrazepam 5880: 5878: 5877:Flunitrazolam 5875: 5873: 5872:Flubromazolam 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5774:Phenobarbital 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5764:Pentobarbital 5762: 5760: 5759:Narcobarbital 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5749:Mephobarbital 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5729:Cyclobarbital 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5671:Ethchlorvynol 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5552:Flavokavain C 5550: 5548: 5547:Flavokavain B 5545: 5543: 5542:Flavokavain A 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5504:Dihydrokavain 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5432: 5430: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5413: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5268: 5262: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5000: 4994: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4923: 4919: 4918:Sdu Uitgevers 4912: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4856: 4840: 4834: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4723: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3890: 3888: 3872: 3865: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3700: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3559: 3557: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3366:(2): 389–96. 3365: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3256: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3206:(4): 306–11. 3205: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2861: 2853: 2851: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821:Phytomedicine 2818: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2614: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2595: 2588:(2): 131–213. 2587: 2583: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2474: 2466:(2): 223–281. 2465: 2461: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2297:Planta Medica 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2091: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1893:Health Canada 1887:North America 1884: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742:of the South 1741: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1610: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1585: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1554: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1363:psychoactives 1359: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312:Pacific Ocean 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1231: 1225: 1221: 1213: 1206: 1198: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1168: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:flavokavain C 1078: 1077:flavokavain B 1074: 1073:flavokavain A 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:dihydrokavain 1046: 1042: 1022: 1017: 1003: 999: 997: 993: 989: 988:dihydrokavain 985: 981: 977: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952:dietary fiber 949: 945: 935: 933: 929: 928:Māori culture 925: 924: 915: 911: 907: 906: 900: 891: 888: 887:South Florida 883: 881: 877: 870: 859: 856: 851: 847: 843: 839: 838: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 795:in the north 794: 790: 786: 775: 773: 768: 764: 760: 758: 754: 744: 742: 727: 726:John La Farge 722: 713: 709: 707: 703: 699: 698:P. wichmannii 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 641: 639: 635: 634: 629: 625: 622:as kava, but 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 596: 591: 587: 586:reduplication 583: 582: 577: 576:kavakava atua 573: 569: 568: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 545: 541: 538: 534: 531: 527: 523: 519: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493: 489: 485: 484: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 462:Proto-Oceanic 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 400: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305:Pacific Ocean 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 197: 192: 190: 184: 181: 180:Binomial name 177: 173: 172: 167: 164: 163: 160: 159: 155: 152: 151: 148: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 132: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 115: 112: 109: 106: 105: 102: 101:Tracheophytes 99: 96: 93: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 77: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 46: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 19802: 19773: 19752:Prodynorphin 19744:Propeptides: 19743: 19642: 19613:Thienorphine 19436:JNJ-19385899 19421:Cebranopadol 19403:Ac-RYYRIK-NH 19395:Ac-RYYRWK-NH 19079:6β-Naltrexol 18996:Thienorphine 18961:Salvinorin A 18761:Levallorphan 18566:Cebranopadol 18425:Thienorphine 18235:6β-Naltrexol 18019:JNJ-20788560 18014:Isomethadone 17909:Deltorphin I 17904:Deltorphin A 17884:Cebranopadol 17879:Casokefamide 17713:Naltrexazone 17703:Naloxonazine 17628:Levallorphan 17475:6β-Naltrexol 17374:Thienorphine 17329:Remifentanil 17251: 17182:Nicomorphine 17177:Nicodicodine 17132:Morphiceptin 17032:Ketobemidone 16867:Desomorphine 16852:DAMGO (DAGO) 16832:Cebranopadol 16827:Casokefamide 16584: 16583: 16554: 16411:Lavender oil 16153:Nitric oxide 16073:Cryofluorane 16018:Acetophenone 15976:Methaqualone 15971:Mecloqualone 15966:Mebroqualone 15956:Diproqualone 15951:Cloroqualone 15880:Glutethimide 15684: 15636: 15603: 15565: 15538:Testosterone 15503:Progesterone 15468:Hydroxydione 15417:Androsterone 15344:Acecarbromal 15249:constituents 15246: 15036:Cyclarbamate 15026:Carisoprodol 14798:Metaclazepam 14793:Menitrazepam 14783:Meclonazepam 14778:Lormetazepam 14708:Flutemazepam 14533:Ciclotizolam 14523:Carburazepam 14415:Thiobarbital 14375:Secobarbital 14340:Phetharbital 14320:Nealbarbital 14305:Methohexital 14290:Hexobarbital 14225:Butallylonal 14220:Butobarbital 14175:Barbexaclone 14170:Aprobarbital 14155:Allobarbital 14142:Barbiturates 14109: 14101: 14091:Petrichloral 13955: 13954: 13865:Talniflumate 13403: 13392:Tetrodotoxin 13382:Neosaxitoxin 13373: 13318: 13292:Propoxycaine 13227:Dimethocaine 13160: 13156: 13125:Valnoctamide 13055:Fosphenytoin 13016: 12990:Procainamide 12980:Pilsicainide 12935:Disopyramide 12921: 12911: 12759: 12727: 12677: 12591: 12559:Ethosuximide 12544:Cloperastine 12522: 12491:Metahexamide 12486:Glycyclamide 12446:Glibornuride 12411: 12360: 12322: 12301:Thioridazine 12256:Promethazine 12241:Orphenadrine 12231:Ketoconazole 12216:Erythromycin 12105: 11868: 11796:Phensuximide 11776:Ochratoxin A 11716:Ethosuximide 11642: 11564:-selective ( 11556: 11466: 11423: 11410: 11392: 11341:ω-Conotoxins 11334: 11284: 11266:Norverapamil 11231:Dexverapamil 11209: 11183:derivatives: 11179: 11176:Vatanidipine 11171:Trombodipine 11136:Palonidipine 11121:Nitrendipine 11076:Mepirodipine 10981:Azelnidipine 10964: 10958: 10876:Cannabinoids 10874: 10867: 10851: 10839: 10833: 10813: 10794:Ursolic acid 10765: 10687: 10604: 10583: 10502:JNJ-42165279 10450: 10318: 10150:CID-16020046 9522:Cannabigerol 9440:WIN 55,212-2 9211: 9019:Dependencies 9005:Cook Islands 8716:Austronesian 8461:Cook Islands 8357:Dependencies 8343:Cook Islands 8112:Dependencies 8098:Cook Islands 7921:New Zealand 7776:fire dancing 7637: 7630: 7616: 7495: 7481: 7474: 7460:Cook Islands 7446: 7407:Wood carving 7382:Kava culture 7376: 7269:Cook Islands 7189:Valnoctamide 7091:Metaglycodol 7086:Fenpentadiol 6996:Daridorexant 6899:Thioridazine 6850:Trimipramine 6785:Medetomidine 6713:Thioridazine 6664:Trimipramine 6609:Propiomazine 6604:Promethazine 6410:Petrichloral 6395:Kavalactones 6327:Acetophenone 6296:Methaqualone 6291:Mecloqualone 6286:Mebroqualone 6276:Diproqualone 6271:Cloroqualone 6233:Glutethimide 6129:Progesterone 6119:Hydroxydione 6051:Acecarbromal 5965:Carisoprodol 5907:Lormetazepam 5892:Flutemazepam 5794:Secobarbital 5754:Methohexital 5744:Hexobarbital 5724:Butobarbital 5719:Butabarbital 5709:Aprobarbital 5699:Allobarbital 5691:Barbiturates 5534:Flavokavains 5491:Kavalactones 5469:Kava culture 5463: 5449: 5409: 5405:"Kava" 5390: 5374:. 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Retrieved 2002:wehewehe.org 2001: 1992: 1941:Kava culture 1909: 1897: 1890: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1817: 1800: 1793: 1789: 1777: 1764:tuberculosis 1737: 1712:psychoactive 1709: 1695: 1689: 1662:barbiturates 1647: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1591: 1583: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1549: 1546: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515:Kava culture 1489:Kava culture 1479: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1429: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1380: 1370:waild koniak 1369: 1367: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1314:cultures of 1309: 1281:Preparations 1275: 1259: 1243:psychotropic 1232: 1164: 1098: 1041:kavalactones 1038: 1021:kavalactones 1011:Constituents 1006:Pharmacology 1000: 972: 956:kavalactones 941: 931: 921: 919: 903: 884: 879: 873: 862: 845: 844:coveted the 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 805: 792: 781: 772:flavokavains 769: 765: 761: 756: 752: 750: 740: 738: 710: 697: 677: 647: 637: 631: 628:Māori people 624:reduplicated 615: 598:), which is 593: 579: 575: 565: 561: 557: 554:Cook Islands 551: 546: 539: 532: 517: 494: 487: 481: 469: 465: 457: 451: 424:Austronesian 421: 412: 408: 404: 402: 387:liver injury 372: 360:kavalactones 341: 311:, including 307:cultures of 292: 288: 280: 272: 264: 260: 251: 242: 230: 213: 212: 208: 204: 203: 188: 186: 170: 169: 157: 120: 107: 94: 62: 42: 29: 20119:Anxiolytics 20039:kew-2569602 19985:NatureServe 19920:iNaturalist 19827:Wikispecies 19682:Kelatorphan 19659:Candoxatril 19548:Antagonists 19499:Racemorphan 19466:NNC 63-0532 19451:Lexanopadol 19446:Levorphanol 19324:Quadazocine 19309:Pawhuskin A 19304:Noribogaine 19294:Navacaprant 19284:Naltrindole 19204:Epicatechin 19169:Clocinnamox 19052:Antagonists 19014:desipramine 18981:Samidorphan 18951:Racemorphan 18936:Phenazocine 18926:Pentazocine 18906:Norketamine 18901:Noribogaine 18861:Nalfurafine 18826:Mirtazapine 18816:Metkefamide 18776:Lexanopadol 18771:Levorphanol 18751:Laudanosine 18736:ICI-204,448 18731:ICI-199,441 18701:Hemorphin-4 18661:Erinacine E 18646:Eluxadoline 18636:Dynorphin A 18581:Cyclazocine 18556:Butorphanol 18541:Bremazocine 18516:Asimadoline 18506:Allomatrine 18496:Akuammicine 18405:Quadazocine 18400:Pawhuskin A 18395:Noribogaine 18380:Naltrindole 18320:Epicatechin 18315:Eluxadoline 18290:Clocinnamox 18218:Antagonists 18149:Samidorphan 18139:Racemorphan 18119:Oxymorphone 18079:Mitragynine 18074:Metkefamide 18054:Lexanopadol 18049:Levorphanol 18034:Laudanosine 17999:Hydrocodone 17994:Hemorphin-4 17894:Cyclazocine 17869:Butorphanol 17844:β-Endorphin 17763:Samidorphan 17758:Quadazocine 17748:Pawhuskin A 17738:Noribogaine 17728:Naltrindole 17663:Naldemedine 17593:Epicatechin 17550:Clocinnamox 17438:Antagonists 17409:Tubotaiwine 17394:Trimebutine 17324:Racemorphan 17294:Piritramide 17279:Phenazocine 17264:Pentazocine 17237:Oxymorphone 17202:Oliceridine 17187:Norketamine 17172:Nicocodeine 17157:Naltalimide 17122:Mitragynine 17112:Metkefamide 17082:Loxicodegol 17072:Lexanopadol 17067:Levorphanol 17042:Laudanosine 17007:Hydrocodone 17002:Hodgkinsine 16992:Hemorphin-4 16982:Frakefamide 16942:Embutramide 16937:Dynorphin A 16897:Eluxadoline 16887:Dimenoxadol 16822:Carfentanil 16807:Butorphanol 16782:Bezitramide 16752:β-Endorphin 16742:Anileridine 16732:Akuammidine 16727:Akuammicine 16697:α-Narcotine 16493:Stiripentol 16488:Seproxetine 16458:Niacinamide 16438:Loreclezole 16259:Avermectins 16223:Vinyl ether 16193:Sevoflurane 16173:Paraldehyde 16123:Halopropane 15946:Afloqualone 15928:Tracazolate 15923:ICI-190,622 15913:Cartazolate 15890:Piperidione 15885:Methyprylon 15852:Fospropofol 15774:Pipequaline 15582:Pazinaclone 15572:Eszopiclone 15428:Cholesterol 15412:Androstenol 15336:Monoureides 15316:Methysticin 15116:Tetrabamate 15096:Pentabamate 15086:Meprobamate 15056:Febarbamate 15021:Carisbamate 14973:Triflubazam 14963:Tolufazepam 14923:Rilmazafone 14918:Remimazolam 14893:Proflazepam 14878:Pivoxazepam 14838:Nitrazepate 14828:Nimetazepam 14763:Lopirazepam 14733:Haloxazolam 14683:Fludiazepam 14628:Doxefazepam 14603:Delorazepam 14583:Clotiazepam 14578:Clorazepate 14543:Cinolazepam 14440:Vinbarbital 14395:Tetrabamate 14350:Probarbital 14330:Phenallymal 14295:Metharbital 14270:Febarbamate 14165:Amobarbital 14066:Isopropanol 14036:Chloralodol 13531:Triamterene 13485:Poneratoxin 13475:Ciguatoxins 13362:Raxatrigine 13357:Ralfinamide 13352:PF-05089771 13347:PF-04531083 13319:Analgesics: 13277:Piperocaine 13262:Meprylcaine 13257:Mepivacaine 13212:Cinchocaine 13191:Ropivacaine 13183:Bupivacaine 13110:Sipatrigine 13095:Pheneturide 13090:Phenacemide 13075:Mephenytoin 13060:Lamotrigine 13040:Elpetrigine 12995:Propafenone 12940:Dronedarone 12516:Tolbutamide 12506:Repaglinide 12501:Nateglinide 12496:Mitiglinide 12476:Glisoxepide 12461:Glimepiride 12451:Glicaramide 12431:Carbutamide 12333:Linopirdine 12316:Vernakalant 12306:Tolterodine 12296:Terfenadine 12286:Tamulotoxin 12281:Solifenacin 12251:PNU-282,987 12226:Haloperidol 12221:Gigactonine 12201:Domperidone 12186:Darifenacin 12151:Bedaquiline 12136:Azaspiracid 12099:Vernakalant 12034:Linopirdine 11994:Dronedarone 11984:Dendrotoxin 11969:Clamikalant 11841:Tolperisone 11836:Tetrandrine 11826:Sipatrigine 11821:Silperisone 11806:Prenylamine 11746:Lidoflazine 11701:Elpetrigine 11611:Mirogabalin 11515:Lamotrigine 11510:Flunarizine 11505:Efonidipine 11495:Cinnarizine 11490:Cilnidipine 11445:NNC 55-0396 11371:Ralfinamide 11318:Fantofarone 11313:Dronedarone 11298:Budiodarone 11293:Brinazarone 11256:Levemopamil 11156:Sornidipine 11151:Sagandipine 11141:Pranidipine 11116:Nisoldipine 11106:Nilvadipine 11096:Niguldipine 11086:Nicardipine 11051:Lemildipine 11036:Iganidipine 11031:Furnidipine 10996:Cronidipine 10991:Clevidipine 10986:Barnidipine 10976:Aranidipine 10814:Precursors: 10766:Inhibitors: 10688:Inhibitors: 10663:Pristimerin 10605:Inhibitors: 10584:Activators: 10497:JNJ-1661010 10482:Biochanin A 10477:BIA 10-2474 10451:Inhibitors: 10352:Guineensine 10347:Cannabidiol 10319:Inhibitors: 10289:Transporter 10271:PSN-632,408 10266:PSN-375,963 10185:PSB-SB-1203 10180:PSB-SB-1202 10145:Cannabidiol 10138:Antagonists 10089:GSK-494581A 10006:Antagonists 9982:Cannabidiol 9900:Cannabidiol 9878:Antagonists 9869:Virodhamine 9824:PF-03550096 9744:GW-842,166X 9709:AZ-11713908 9602:Virodhamine 9542:Ibipinabant 9537:Hemopressin 9517:Cannabidiol 9505:Antagonists 9471:Monlunabant 9420:Pravadoline 9335:Epicatechin 9290:AZ-11713908 9245:AB-CHMINACA 8952:New Zealand 8785:Micronesian 8775:Marshallese 8644:Micronesian 8516:New Zealand 8456:Austronesia 8290:New Zealand 8194:by category 8045:New Zealand 7930:Te Matatini 7781:firewalking 7530:New Zealand 7476:Lau Islands 7438:Austronesia 7306:nguzu nguzu 7294:New Zealand 7264:Austronesia 7174:Scopolamine 7118:Guaifenesin 7113:Fenadiazole 7069:Cannabidiol 7043:Mirogabalin 7001:Lemborexant 6978:Tasimelteon 6963:Agomelatine 6922:Risperidone 6868:Mirtazapine 6757:-Adrenergic 6736:Risperidone 6682:Mirtazapine 6632:Etoperidone 6599:Pheniramine 6584:Hydroxyzine 6405:Paraldehyde 6400:Loreclezole 6266:Afloqualone 6248:Piperidione 6238:Methyprylon 6167:Pazinaclone 6147:Eszopiclone 6109:Alphaxolone 6104:Alphadolone 6043:Monoureides 5985:Meprobamate 5922:Nitemazepam 5917:Nimetazepam 5862:Doxefazepam 5847:Cinolazepam 5819:Vinbarbital 5784:Proxibarbal 5769:Phenallymal 5704:Amobarbital 5656:Chloralodol 5519:Methysticin 5393:information 5376:19 February 5173:The Beehive 5134:12 December 5130:(in Polish) 5104:(in Polish) 5082:2 September 4894:13 February 4868:14 February 4845:14 February 4680:Fitoterapia 4574:8 September 3929:: 554–560. 3854:22 December 3768:2 September 3394:R. Baselt, 3002:(1): 3–17. 2582:Micronesica 2348:Fitoterapia 2037:22 December 2007:22 December 1874:New Zealand 1829:Netherlands 1821:Switzerland 1627:anxiolytics 1625:, alcohol, 1468:glutathione 1226:of the GABA 1053:methysticin 992:methysticin 966:, and 3.2% 938:Composition 914:New Zealand 850:kavalactone 840:(kings) of 789:Aoba Island 733: 1891 590:New Zealand 567:Pittosporum 443:New Zealand 337:Philippines 229:. The name 114:Angiosperms 34:Kavalactone 20129:Entheogens 20108:Categories 20034:Plant List 19777:Kyotorphin 19722:Spinorphin 19603:SB-612,111 19598:Nocistatin 19568:BAN-ORL-24 19519:SCH-486757 19514:SCH-221510 19353:Nociceptin 19314:PF-4455242 19289:Naringenin 19279:Naltrexone 19239:LY-2795050 19234:LY-2459989 19229:LY-2444296 19224:LY-2196044 19209:Hyperoside 19124:Aticaprant 19018:imipramine 18941:Proxorphan 18916:Oxilorphan 18886:Niravoline 18876:Nalorphine 18851:Nalbuphine 18836:Moxazocine 18811:Metazocine 18781:Lofentanil 18746:Ketazocine 18706:Herkinorin 18686:Gemazocine 18676:Fedotozine 18656:Eptazocine 18586:Cyclorphan 18571:Ciprefadol 18390:Naringenin 18370:Naltrexone 18365:Nalorphine 18340:LY-2196044 18330:ICI-174864 18325:ICI-154129 18270:Bevenopran 18245:α-Santolol 18209:Zenazocine 18189:Tonazocine 18144:RWJ-394674 18129:Proglumide 18069:Metazocine 18059:Lofentanil 17989:Fluorophen 17753:Rimonabant 17743:Oxilorphan 17733:Naringenin 17723:Naltrexone 17688:Naloxazone 17678:Nalorphine 17643:LY-2196044 17613:Hyperoside 17603:Gemazocine 17598:Eptazocine 17535:Bevenopran 17379:Tianeptine 17354:Tapentadol 17349:Sufentanil 17344:Sinomenine 17334:Salsolinol 17289:Piminodine 17207:Oxycodegol 17197:Octreotide 17192:Nufenoxole 17142:Nalbuphine 17097:Meptazinol 17077:Loperamide 17047:Lefetamine 16997:Herkinorin 16977:Fluorophen 16932:Dipipanone 16857:Dermorphin 16747:Apparicine 16737:Alfentanil 16660:(abridged; 16640:modulators 16526:Topiramate 16516:Terpenoids 16473:Propanidid 16463:Org 25,435 16391:Flupirtine 16386:Fluoxetine 16292:Chloralose 16263:ivermectin 16168:Norflurane 16133:Isoflurane 16078:Desflurane 16068:Chloroform 16028:Aliflurane 15961:Etaqualone 15789:SB-205,384 15719:CP-615,003 15714:CL-218,872 15668:Panadiplon 15658:Lorediplon 15587:Suproclone 15548:Zuranolone 15508:Renanolone 15493:Posovolone 15473:Minaxolone 15463:Ganaxolone 15402:Alfaxalone 15397:Alfadolone 15387:Acebrochol 15354:Bromisoval 15232:Metomidate 15219:Imidazoles 15179:Hispidulin 15131:Flavonoids 15091:Nisobamate 15081:Mebutamate 15051:Ethinamate 15046:Emylcamate 15013:Carbamates 14983:Tuclazepam 14958:Tetrazepam 14913:Reclazepam 14888:Premazepam 14868:Phenazepam 14848:Nordazepam 14843:Nitrazolam 14833:Nitrazepam 14813:Motrazepam 14768:Loprazolam 14758:Lofendazam 14743:Imidazenil 14703:Flutazolam 14698:Flurazepam 14668:Fletazepam 14623:Dimdazenil 14618:Diclazepam 14598:Cyprazepam 14588:Cloxazolam 14568:Clonazolam 14563:Clonazepam 14553:Climazolam 14513:Brotizolam 14508:Bromazolam 14503:Bromazepam 14498:Bretazenil 14493:Bentazepam 14483:Arfendazam 14478:Alprazolam 14473:Adinazolam 14445:Vinylbital 14425:Thiopental 14300:Methitural 14215:Buthalital 14210:Butalbital 14061:Isobutanol 13835:Bumetanide 13773:Activators 13763:Piretanide 13758:Lonidamine 13709:Activators 13694:Mibefradil 13689:Mefloquine 13679:Furosemide 13674:Fluoxetine 13654:Crofelemer 13541:Activators 13464:Versutoxin 13460:Robustoxin 13442:Activators 13427:Safinamide 13377:Conotoxins 13312:Trimecaine 13307:Tetracaine 13282:Prilocaine 13272:Orthocaine 13247:Iontocaine 13242:Hexylcaine 13237:Etidocaine 13178:Benzocaine 13168:Amylocaine 13150:Zonisamide 13145:Valpromide 13115:Topiramate 13105:Rufinamide 13065:Lacosamide 13030:Cenobamate 12985:Prajmaline 12975:Moricizine 12970:Mexiletine 12965:Lorcainide 12950:Flecainide 12915:Ranolazine 12855:Activators 12840:Fluoxetine 12784:Nimesulide 12766:-specific: 12752:Activators 12734:-specific: 12686:-specific: 12666:Rilmakalim 12656:Nicorandil 12616:Cromakalim 12603:-specific: 12584:Activators 12574:Tipepidine 12564:Ifenprodil 12539:Caramiphen 12531:-specific: 12511:Tolazamide 12471:Gliquidone 12456:Gliclazide 12423:-specific: 12376:Retigabine 12371:Flupirtine 12368:-specific: 12353:Activators 12330:-specific: 12311:Vanoxerine 12291:Terodiline 12276:Sertindole 12266:Ranolazine 12131:Astemizole 12121:Amiodarone 12089:Terikalant 12064:Pinokalant 12049:Nifekalant 12044:Maurotoxin 12039:Lolitrem B 12029:Kaliotoxin 11989:Dofetilide 11979:Dalazatide 11974:Conotoxins 11944:Amiodarone 11939:Almokalant 11861:Activators 11851:Valperinol 11831:Terodiline 11771:Naftopidil 11761:Mesuximide 11691:Enpiperate 11671:Cycleanine 11656:Bevantolol 11646:Bencyclane 11636:Pregabalin 11626:PD-299,685 11621:PD-217,014 11616:PD-200,347 11606:Imagabalin 11596:Gabapentin 11586:Atagabalin 11576:Arbaclofen 11535:Mibefradil 11530:Loperamide 11525:Lomerizine 11500:Dotarizine 11480:Benidipine 11460:Zonisamide 11376:Safinamide 11351:Caroverine 11303:Celivarone 11251:Gallopamil 11206:Siratiazem 11196:Iprotiazem 11186:Clentiazem 11166:Tiamdipine 11161:Teludipine 11126:Olradipine 11111:Nimodipine 11101:Niludipine 11091:Nifedipine 11081:Mesudipine 11071:Manidipine 11046:Lacidipine 11041:Isradipine 11026:Flordipine 11021:Felodipine 11016:Elnadipine 11011:Elgodipine 11001:Darodipine 10971:Amlodipine 10517:LY-2183240 10512:Kaempferol 10427:modulators 10357:LY-2183240 10322:5'-DMH-CBD 10295:modulators 10241:AS-1269574 10236:AR-231,453 10226:Anandamide 10175:PSB-SB-487 10079:CID1792579 10074:CID1252842 10069:CID1011163 9977:Anandamide 9925:WIN 56,098 9920:WIN 54,461 9915:SR-144,528 9714:Cannabinol 9704:Anandamide 9587:Selonabant 9582:Rosonabant 9547:LY-320,135 9486:Taranabant 9481:Surinabant 9476:Rimonabant 9295:Cannabinol 9280:Anandamide 9212:(abridged, 9168:modulators 8805:Polynesian 8780:Melanesian 8721:Sama-Bajau 8654:Polynesian 8634:Melanesian 8619:Mangarevan 8496:Micronesia 8211:Literature 7886:Australia 7632:navigation 7142:Metaxalone 7132:Mephenesin 7053:Pregabalin 7033:Gabapentin 7006:Suvorexant 6941:Niaprazine 6917:Quetiapine 6912:Olanzapine 6795:Tizanidine 6790:Romifidine 6780:Lofexidine 6770:Detomidine 6731:Quetiapine 6726:Olanzapine 6637:Nefazodone 6579:Doxylamine 6564:Captodiame 6375:Chloralose 6339:compounds 6281:Etaqualone 6177:Suproclone 6157:Lirequinil 6124:Minaxolone 6114:Eltanolone 6094:Acebrochol 6061:Bromisoval 6028:Metomidate 6015:Imidazoles 5975:Ethinamate 5970:Emylcamate 5957:Carbamates 5932:Nitrazolam 5927:Nitrazepam 5902:Loprazolam 5887:Flurazepam 5857:Clonazolam 5852:Climazolam 5842:Brotizolam 5824:Vinylbital 5809:Thiopental 5229:(4). 2002. 5178:24 October 5056:26 October 4983:26 October 4972:Bowman C. 4957:26 October 4931:7 February 4784:7 February 4758:21 January 4728:22 October 4481:The Lancet 4225:(Review). 4144:Allertonia 3415:. Frommers 3200:Planta Med 3102:12 January 2640:15 January 2491:15 January 2460:Allertonia 2393:(1): 3–4. 1967:References 1774:Regulation 1716:anxiolytic 1666:alprazolam 1541:See also: 1328:Micronesia 1251:flumazenil 1239:anxiolytic 1192:, and the 1119:Inhibition 902:Kawakawa ( 682:Micronesia 515:Rarotongan 478:metathesis 397:See also: 356:euphoriant 352:anesthetic 335:, and the 327:, such as 325:Micronesia 295:(parts of 147:Piperaceae 127:Magnoliids 19732:Tynorphin 19727:Thiorphan 19707:Opiorphan 19649:Amastatin 19578:J-113,397 19539:TH-030418 19509:Ro65-6570 19504:Ro64-6198 19431:Etorphine 19339:Zyklophin 19329:Taxifolin 19219:LY-255582 19179:Cyclofoxy 19129:Axelopran 19043:Xorphanol 19033:U-54,494A 19001:Tifluadom 18991:TH-030418 18921:Oxycodone 18911:Oripavine 18881:Naltriben 18866:Nalmefene 18821:Mianserin 18791:Lufuradom 18696:GR-103545 18671:Etorphine 18651:Enadoline 18551:Butorphan 18546:BRL-52537 18511:Apadoline 18420:Taxifolin 18415:SoRI-9409 18375:Naltriben 18360:Nalmefene 18335:LY-255582 18265:Axelopran 18204:Xorphanol 18174:TH-030418 18154:SB-235863 18114:Oxycodone 18109:Oripavine 17974:Etorphine 17864:Butorphan 17829:Amoxapine 17768:Taxifolin 17693:Naloxegol 17668:Nalmefene 17638:LY-255582 17568:Cyprodime 17563:Cyclofoxy 17530:Axelopran 17510:Alvimopan 17505:Akuammine 17490:α-Gliadin 17429:Xorphanol 17419:Valorphin 17364:TH-030418 17222:Oxycodone 17217:Oripavine 17152:Nalmexone 17107:Methadone 17087:LS-115509 16967:Etorphine 16957:Eseroline 16802:Butorphan 16663:full list 16585:See also: 16547:valerenol 16468:Phenytoin 16448:Monastrol 16406:Lanthanum 16401:KRM-II-81 16364:Fenamates 16359:Etifoxine 16354:Etazepine 16349:Efavirenz 16307:Darigabat 16203:Teflurane 16188:Roflurane 16183:Propylene 16128:Halothane 16113:Fluroxene 16098:Enflurane 16001:Volatiles 15918:Etazolate 15829:Viqualine 15784:RWJ-51204 15749:L-838,417 15739:Imepitoin 15709:CGS-20625 15704:CGS-13767 15689:Adipiplon 15663:Ocinaplon 15625:Saripidem 15620:Necopidem 15597:Zopiclone 15592:Suriclone 15577:Pagoclone 15483:ORG-21465 15478:ORG-20599 15369:Ectylurea 15359:Carbromal 15237:Propoxate 15227:Etomidate 15154:Baicalein 15111:Styramate 15106:Procymate 15076:Lorbamate 15061:Felbamate 15031:Clocental 15003:Zomebazam 14998:Zolazepam 14993:Zapizolam 14988:Uldazepam 14968:Triazolam 14953:Temazepam 14948:Sulazepam 14938:Ro48-8684 14933:Ro48-6791 14928:Ripazepam 14898:Pyrazolam 14873:Pinazepam 14823:Nifoxipam 14808:Midazolam 14803:Mexazolam 14788:Medazepam 14773:Lorazepam 14753:Ketazolam 14748:Irazepine 14738:Iclazepam 14728:Halazepam 14723:Gidazepam 14718:Fosazepam 14638:Estazolam 14633:Elfazepam 14608:Demoxepam 14538:Cinazepam 14518:Camazepam 14488:Avizafone 14410:Thiamylal 14345:Primidone 14275:Heptabarb 14265:Eterobarb 14230:Carbubarb 14127:Triclofos 14026:Brometone 13956:See also: 13855:Mepacrine 13801:Ivacaftor 13717:Carbachol 13600:Ibuprofen 13590:Amiloride 13549:Solnatide 13521:Amiloride 13450:Aconitine 13412:Evenamide 13387:Saxitoxin 13302:Risocaine 13252:Lidocaine 13197:Butacaine 13173:Articaine 13100:Phenytoin 13010:Tocainide 13005:Sparteine 13000:Quinidine 12960:Lorajmine 12955:Lidocaine 12945:Encainide 12930:Aprindine 12671:Sarakalim 12661:Pinacidil 12651:Naminidil 12641:Minoxidil 12636:Mazokalim 12621:Diazoxide 12611:Bimakalim 12606:Aprikalim 12569:Tertiapin 12549:Clozapine 12466:Glipizide 12261:Quinidine 12211:Ergtoxins 12176:Cisapride 12166:BRL-32872 12146:Azimilide 12109:(KCNH2, K 12084:Tedisamil 12069:Quinidine 12059:Paxilline 12024:Inakalant 12019:Ibutilide 12004:Hanatoxin 11959:Bunaftine 11954:Bretylium 11949:Azimilide 11934:Adekalant 11893:Potassium 11875:Bay K8644 11816:Sesamodil 11766:Monatepil 11756:Manoalide 11751:Magnesium 11736:Imepitoin 11726:Fendiline 11706:Ethadione 11696:Eperisone 11676:Dauricine 11651:Berbamine 11562:δ subunit 11366:PD-173212 11281:Verapamil 11271:Ronipamil 11261:Nexopamil 11246:Falipamil 11241:Etripamil 11226:Devapamil 11221:Dagapamil 11201:Nictiazem 11191:Diltiazem 11181:Diltiazem 11131:Oxodipine 10844:receptor) 10487:Genistein 10084:CP 55,940 9849:Tedalinab 9829:S-444,823 9789:L-759,656 9784:L-759,633 9734:CP 55,940 9674:A-836,339 9669:A-834,735 9664:A-796,260 9572:PF-514273 9567:Otenabant 9557:NESS-0327 9527:Drinabant 9390:Menabitan 9380:L-759,633 9310:CP 55,940 9305:CP 47,497 9215:full list 8922:Australia 8845:Tokelauan 8674:Vanuatuan 8602:Mythology 8558:Slit drum 8548:Polynesia 8491:Melanesia 8451:Australia 8260:Australia 8015:Australia 7959:Languages 7880:Festivals 7806:kapa haka 7703:Outrigger 7425:Australia 7397:Polynesia 7372:areca nut 7259:Australia 7179:Trazodone 7120:-related 6973:Ramelteon 6968:Melatonin 6955:Melatonin 6863:Mianserin 6830:Trazodone 6765:Clonidine 6677:Mianserin 6642:Trazodone 6594:Perlapine 6437:Triclofos 6390:Gaboxadol 6197:Zopiclone 6182:Suriclone 6172:Saripidem 6162:Necopidem 6076:Ectylurea 6071:Carbromal 6033:Propoxate 6023:Etomidate 6000:Procymate 5947:Triazolam 5942:Temazepam 5912:Midazolam 5867:Estazolam 5804:Thiamylal 5739:Heptabarb 5618:sedatives 5614:Hypnotics 5128:www.rp.pl 4700:1873-6971 4686:: 56–67. 4646:1099-1077 4278:0098-7484 4192:1099-1573 4086:0306-3127 4035:1099-1077 3992:0893-133X 3943:0308-8146 3830:144600224 3736:0031-9422 3672:0892-6638 3631:260067545 3615:0012-0472 3490:0306-5251 3228:260281694 3119:CNS Drugs 3018:1365-2036 2670:: 19–28. 2567:145424062 2532:146739541 2354:: 56–67. 2317:1439-0221 1891:In 2002, 1786:Australia 1768:analgesic 1752:gonorrhea 1537:Kava bars 1507:Australia 1501:, in the 1332:Australia 1324:Melanesia 1316:Polynesia 1293:village, 1272:Detection 1220:receptors 1205:receptors 1089:Alkaloids 1069:chalcones 716:Cultivars 690:Polynesia 686:Melanesia 674:inventory 530:Marquesan 511:Tuamotuan 492:Pohnpeian 431:Polynesia 362:. A 2003 321:Melanesia 309:Polynesia 239:Marquesan 209:kava kava 165:Species: 137:Piperales 84:Kingdom: 20078:25001137 20073:Tropicos 19990:2.155089 19951:11059660 19938:198437-2 19812:Wikidata 19618:Trap-101 19608:SR-16430 19529:SR-16435 19383:(PheΨ(CH 19363:Agonists 19274:Naloxone 19184:Dezocine 19154:Catechin 19109:Apigenin 19038:U-69,593 18831:Morphine 18801:MB-1C-OH 18741:Ketamine 18726:Ibogaine 18691:GR-89696 18681:Fentanyl 18561:BW373U86 18449:Agonists 18439:κ-opioid 18385:Naloxone 18280:Catechin 18255:Apigenin 18194:Tramadol 18179:Thebaine 18089:Morphine 18009:Ibogaine 17979:Fentanyl 17959:DPI-3290 17929:Dezocine 17874:BW373U86 17854:Biphalin 17819:ADL-5859 17792:Agonists 17782:δ-opioid 17708:Naloxone 17633:Lobeline 17618:Ibogaine 17540:Catechin 17520:Apigenin 17389:Tramadol 17384:Tilidine 17369:Thebaine 17339:SC-17599 17309:Propiram 17269:Pericine 17212:OM-3-MNZ 17137:Morphine 17027:Ketamine 16972:Fentanyl 16882:Dezocine 16817:BW373U86 16787:Biphalin 16672:3-HO-PCP 16658:Agonists 16648:μ-opioid 16573:TCS-1205 16568:TCS-1105 16558:α-Pinene 16531:Valerian 16506:tetronal 16483:Safranal 16432:obovatol 16428:magnolol 16424:honokiol 16254:Alogabat 16249:AA-29504 16198:Synthane 16158:Nitrogen 16138:Kerosine 16118:Gasoline 16108:Ethylene 16048:Centalun 16043:Butylene 15857:Propofol 15819:U-89843A 15799:TGSC01AA 15769:NS-11394 15734:GBLD-345 15699:CGS-9896 15694:CGS-8216 15678:Zaleplon 15673:Taniplon 15653:Indiplon 15648:Fasiplon 15643:Divaplon 15630:Zolpidem 15533:SAGE-872 15528:SAGE-689 15523:SAGE-516 15518:SAGE-324 15513:SAGE-105 15421:Certain 15364:Capuride 15326:Yangonin 15203:baicalin 15199:Skullcap 15189:Luteolin 15164:Catechin 15159:Baicalin 15149:Apigenin 15121:Tybamate 14908:Quazepam 14903:QH-II-66 14883:Prazepam 14863:Oxazolam 14858:Oxazepam 14658:Etizolam 14613:Diazepam 14593:CP-1414S 14558:Clobazam 14548:Clazolam 14435:Valofane 14390:Talbutal 14380:Sigmodal 14285:Hexethal 14180:Barbital 14160:Alphenal 14150:(-)-DMBB 14096:Propanol 14086:Pentanol 14076:Methanol 14018:Alcohols 13941:instead. 13916:instead. 13827:Blockers 13819:Unsorted 13745:Blockers 13646:Blockers 13623:Chloride 13585:A-317567 13577:Blockers 13526:Benzamil 13513:Blockers 13342:NKTR-171 13337:GDC-0276 13332:Funapide 13327:DSP-2230 13322:AZD-3161 13287:Procaine 13202:Butamben 13050:Ethotoin 12925:Ajmaline 12904:Blockers 12863:Riluzole 12822:Blockers 12720:Blockers 12626:Emakalim 12404:Blockers 12246:Pimozide 12116:Ajmaline 11916:Blockers 11731:Fostedil 11661:Canadine 11631:Phenibut 11591:Baclofen 11540:NP078585 11485:Bepridil 11323:SR-33805 11276:Tiapamil 11236:Emopamil 11216:Anipamil 10951:Blockers 10864:See also 10618:JJKK 048 10608:ABX-1431 10377:SB-FI-26 10246:MBX-2982 10214:Agonists 10042:Agonists 9955:Agonists 9905:Honokiol 9799:Magnolol 9754:JTE 7-31 9729:CBS-0550 9632:Agonists 9491:TM-38837 9445:Yangonin 9415:Oleamide 9395:Nabilone 9345:Honokiol 9209:Agonists 9176:Receptor 9116:folklore 8937:Kiribati 8874:Religion 8860:Visayans 8835:Tahitian 8815:Rapa Nui 8745:Hawaiian 8726:Chamorro 8683:Research 8669:Tuvaluan 8659:Rapa Nui 8639:Menehune 8481:Kiribati 8275:Kiribati 8030:Kiribati 7896:Hawaiʻi 7871:'upa'upa 7811:Kiribati 7761:ʻAparima 7683:Hōkūleʻa 7505:Kiribati 7356:tivaevae 7336:taʻovala 7284:magimagi 7163:morphine 7154:Midaflur 7074:Cannabis 7048:Phenibut 6800:Xylazine 6529:Phenibut 6499:Baclofen 6425:Tetronal 6360:Centalun 6215:Propofol 6192:Zolpidem 6187:Zaleplon 6152:Indiplon 6066:Capuride 6005:Tybamate 5937:Quazepam 5799:Talbutal 5714:Barbital 5643:Alcohols 5524:Yangonin 4822:Archived 4708:25464054 4662:37457833 4654:12404572 4402:46963549 4394:15916450 4359:11991792 4329:21555220 4321:14533134 4286:21081732 4243:27402097 4208:19526418 4200:23348842 4156:23187398 4102:33364504 4094:21879526 4051:44657320 4043:21437989 4000:12589393 3951:24423570 3744:13679089 3690:20696856 3623:11544547 3508:21284704 3419:7 August 3382:12589393 3341:10805207 3333:12845414 3298:24377397 3220:11458444 3182:22525682 3147:34322458 3139:12383029 3069:21506562 3026:23121117 2977:42935399 2969:21073405 2872:77501873 2841:21112196 2713:21756963 2407:86552278 2368:25464054 2333:23708406 2325:26695707 2244:12535473 2192:25694734 1915:See also 1756:cystitis 1706:Research 1698:(in the 1696:kanikani 1679:levodopa 1672:Dopamine 1639:levodopa 1526:sevusevu 1499:Yirrkala 1454:Concerns 1417:Island, 1351:emulsion 1222:and the 1182:receptor 1142:receptor 1131:dopamine 1123:reuptake 1113:receptor 1061:yangonin 984:yangonin 968:minerals 812:Hawaiian 791:(called 638:kawakawa 616:kawakawa 562:kavakava 558:kawakawa 537:Hawaiian 526:Tahitian 507:Rapa Nui 490:include 379:extracts 348:sedative 233:is from 196:G.Forst. 143:Family: 20209:Opioids 20026:1081778 19972:MoBotPF 19899:3086358 19855:Ecocrop 19847:1109787 19818:Q161067 19774:Others: 19702:RB-3007 19654:BL-2401 19623:UFP-101 19588:NalBzOH 19583:JTC-801 19524:SR-8993 19461:MT-7716 19411:BU08070 19264:MR-2266 19244:MeJDTic 19174:CVL-354 19144:BU09059 19134:AZ-MTAB 19114:Arodyne 19074:6'-GNTI 19069:5'-GNTI 19028:U-50488 19008:(e.g., 18856:NalBzOH 18841:MR-2034 18806:Menthol 18796:Matrine 18531:BAM-22P 18526:BAM-18P 18521:BAM-12P 18461:6'-GNTI 18230:5'-NTII 18164:SNC-162 18104:NalBzOH 18024:KNT-127 17954:DPI-221 17889:Codeine 17849:BAM-18P 17839:AZD2327 17804:6'-GNTI 17698:Naloxol 17424:Viminol 17414:U-47700 17399:TRIMU 5 17304:Prodine 17247:OxyPNPH 17162:Neopine 17147:NalBzOH 17117:Metopon 17092:Matrine 16842:Codeine 16792:BU08070 16767:BAM-22P 16762:BAM-18P 16757:BAM-12P 16722:AH-7921 16520:borneol 16518:(e.g., 16510:trional 16500:(e.g., 16418:(e.g., 16416:Lignans 16366:(e.g., 16324:(e.g., 16269:Bromide 16261:(e.g., 16244:α-EMTBL 16208:Toluene 16178:Propane 16053:Chloral 16033:Benzene 16013:Acetone 15844:Phenols 15834:Y-23684 15824:U-90042 15809:TPA-023 15794:SX-3228 15779:ROD-188 15764:NS-2710 15759:NS-2664 15744:JM-1232 15729:ELB-139 15724:CTP-354 15610:Alpidem 15209:Wogonin 15184:Linarin 14663:FG-8205 14370:Reposal 14071:Menthol 14031:Butanol 13595:Aspirin 13417:Menthol 13404:Others: 13374:Toxins: 13217:Cocaine 12742:GAL-021 12362:KCNQ (K 12324:KCNQ (K 12141:AZD1305 12079:Sotalol 12074:ShK-186 12054:Notoxin 11741:JTV-519 11721:Fasudil 11450:ProTx I 11430:ABT-639 11417:SNX-482 11288:AH-1058 11285:Others: 10928:Calcium 10849:ARN-272 10834:Others: 10721:LEI-106 10696:JZP-430 10691:JZP-169 10668:URB-602 10638:JZP-361 10633:JZL-195 10628:JZL-184 10577:URB-597 10562:TAK 21d 10537:PF-3845 10507:JZL-195 10407:WOBE492 10402:WOBE491 10397:WOBE490 10387:URB-597 10382:UCM-707 10342:Arvanil 10332:AM-1172 10261:Olvanil 10013:PSB-CB5 9910:JTE-907 9895:BML-190 9834:SER-601 9809:Nabitan 9779:JWH-133 9769:JWH-018 9764:JWH-015 9759:JWH-007 9699:AM-2232 9694:AM-1241 9689:AM-1235 9684:AM-1221 9679:AM-1172 9552:MK-9470 9512:AM-6545 9466:INV-202 9400:Nabitan 9370:JWH-073 9365:JWH-018 9360:JWH-015 9355:JWH-007 9285:Arvanil 9275:AM-2232 9270:AM-2201 9265:AM-1235 9260:AM-1221 9255:AM-1220 9250:AM-1172 9182:ligands 9120:cuisine 9083:Tokelau 8987:Vanuatu 8830:Tagalog 8820:Rotuman 8790:Negrito 8760:Ivatans 8750:Ilocano 8735:Rekohu) 8588:Vanuatu 8573:Tokelau 8421:Tokelau 8325:Vanuatu 8176:Tokelau 8080:Vanuatu 7967:by area 7856:tautoga 7791:hivinau 7693:Karakoa 7592:Vanuatu 7418:general 7326:tā moko 7321:reimiro 7311:Oceania 7161:(e.g., 7159:Opioids 7108:Evoxine 6845:Doxepin 6659:Doxepin 6534:Tolibut 6430:Trional 6337:Bromide 6207:Phenols 5789:Reposal 5457:History 5325:28 June 5273:3 March 5108:12 June 5031:12 June 5005:25 July 4811:10 July 4611:9448214 4551:8021378 4511:9737032 4503:1972218 4449:1033307 4440:1033307 3876:28 July 3716:Bibcode 3681:2992378 3499:3045554 3290:9829291 3034:6949220 2235:6999799 2183:4325077 1946:Nakamal 1906:Vanuatu 1859:In the 1853:Germany 1849:Vanuatu 1675:agonist 1553:alcohol 1543:Nakamal 1448:ethanol 1444:acetone 1421:(2006). 1419:Vanuatu 1388:Fijians 1320:Vanuatu 1262:saccade 1121:of the 964:protein 962:, 3.6% 820:Mahakea 658:Vanuatu 600:endemic 572:Futunan 552:In the 528:, and 435:Oceania 368:anxiety 329:Pohnpei 317:Vanuatu 297:Vanuatu 287:), and 277:Pohnpei 247:Hawaiʻi 153:Genus: 133:Order: 88:Plantae 65:leaves 20124:Drinks 20047:PLANTS 20010:NZOR: 20003:130404 19977:285095 19925:166895 19873:596615 19712:Selank 19697:RB-120 19692:RB-101 19636:Others 19563:AT-076 19456:MCOPPB 19119:AT-076 18965:salvia 18846:N-MPPP 18786:LPK-26 18410:SDM25N 18260:AT-076 18199:TRV250 18159:SNC-80 18029:Kratom 17809:7-SIOM 17525:AT-076 17515:AM-251 17404:TRV734 17299:PL-017 17037:Kratom 17022:IBNtxA 16453:Niacin 16038:Butane 15991:SL-164 15862:Thymol 15804:TP-003 15685:Others 15488:P1-185 15448:5β-DHP 15443:5α-DHP 15438:3α-DHP 15286:Kavain 15194:Rc-OMe 13892:Others 12881:Sodium 12534:Barium 12338:XE-991 12206:E-4031 12156:BeKm-1 12126:AmmTX3 12009:HgeTx1 11999:E-4031 11781:Osthol 11550:TROX-1 11435:ML-218 10807:Others 10757:ABHD12 10746:WWL-70 10741:UCM710 10653:MJN110 10643:KML 29 10623:JW 642 10587:PDP-EA 10572:UCM710 10567:TC-F 2 10542:PF-750 10467:AM-404 10459:AACOCF 10421:Enzyme 10392:VDM-11 10367:OMDM-2 10362:O-2093 10327:AM-404 10231:APD668 10205:GPR119 10170:O-1918 10165:ML-193 10160:ML-192 10155:ML-191 10114:O-1602 10109:ML-186 10104:ML-185 10099:ML-184 10064:AM-251 10054:2-ALPI 10018:O-1918 9997:O-1602 9987:NADGly 9890:AM-630 9844:UR-144 9804:MDA-19 9774:JWH-73 9749:HU-308 9577:PipISB 9562:O-2050 9461:AM-251 9435:UR-144 9410:O-1812 9375:Kavain 9350:HU-210 9122:, see 9104:cinema 9058:Hawaii 8982:Tuvalu 8850:Tongan 8800:Papuan 8755:Igorot 8704:People 8664:Samoan 8614:Fijian 8583:Tuvalu 8568:Tahiti 8396:Hawaii 8320:Tuvalu 8151:Hawaii 8075:Tuvalu 7866:Tuvalu 7851:tāmūrē 7846:Tahiti 7836:Rotuma 7826:pa'o'a 7821:'ote'a 7801:kailao 7668:Bangka 7651:Canoes 7587:Tuvalu 7387:Lapita 7346:tattoo 7062:Others 6988:Orexin 6934:Others 6924:, etc. 6901:, etc. 6870:, etc. 6852:, etc. 6738:, etc. 6715:, etc. 6684:, etc. 6666:, etc. 6320:Others 6311:SL-164 5514:Kavain 5350:2 July 5299:1 July 5267:"Kava" 5251:3 July 5203:2 July 4839:"Kava" 4748:Xinhua 4706: 4698: 4660: 4652: 4644: 4609: 4549: 4509: 4501: 4447: 4437: 4400: 4392: 4357: 4327: 4319: 4284: 4276: 4241: 4206: 4198: 4190: 4154: 4125: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4049: 4041: 4033: 3998: 3990: 3949: 3941: 3904: 3828: 3791: 3742: 3734: 3688: 3678: 3670: 3629: 3621: 3613: 3573: 3545:25 May 3506: 3496: 3488: 3380: 3339: 3331: 3296: 3288: 3251: 3226: 3218: 3180: 3145: 3137: 3096:"Kava" 3067: 3032: 3024: 3016: 2975: 2967: 2925:2 July 2895:2 July 2870: 2839: 2793:29 May 2767:29 May 2741:29 May 2711: 2609: 2565: 2530: 2437: 2405: 2366: 2331: 2323: 2315: 2242: 2232: 2190: 2180: 2130: 2086: 1984:"Kava" 1847:, and 1825:France 1814:Europe 1760:asthma 1653:alone. 1643:CYP450 1530:yaqona 1522:yaqona 1446:, and 1344:pestle 1340:mortar 1301:(2005) 1295:Ovalau 1291:Lovoni 1184:, the 1079:, and 1063:, and 1045:kavain 994:, and 982:, and 976:kavain 960:sugars 954:, 15% 950:, 20% 948:starch 834:. The 830:, and 808:Hawaii 704:, the 694:Hawaii 692:, and 668:, and 666:Samoas 664:, the 620:etymon 584:. 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