824:, based on a more comprehensive survey, concluded that Yankunytjatjara was 'definitely endangered'. Naessan, using the 2003 UNESCO framework, gave a mark of 22/23 out of 35 (in its most condensed spot), quite a low score. If some factors that Naessan feels are unimportant in most indigenous languages are ignored, Yankunytjatjara scores 14/15 out of 20 (in its densest area). However, he argues that since recent surveys have included these factors, they may be more helpful for cross referencing. To a lesser extent he feels that, since Western Desert people own some media sources (radio station etc.), such factors should be included. He concludes a 57–65% vitality.
264:
and also from
Pitjantjatjara (which has expanded eastwards into Yankunytjatjara country and beyond). Yankunytjatjara shows some variation across its range with, for example, Northern Yankunytjatjara sharing features with Southern
831:
endangered is a subject of debate), which coincides with the beliefs of the
Yankunytjatjara elders that Naessan spoke with, as well as with the assessments of most linguists who have worked in the area.
820:
There seems to be no exhaustive evidence on the vitality of
Yankunytjatjara. McConvell & Thieberger found Yankunytjatjara to be endangered based mainly on the Census of 1996. In 2005 the
874:
821:
135:
770:
for 'true' and so can be referred to as
Mulatjara. Another classification used by speakers groups Yankunytjatjara and Pitjantjatjara together as Nyangatjatjara as they both use
705:
The name used for
Yankunytjatjara is based on a single prominent word, the verb for 'come/go', which distinguishes it from its near neighbour, Pitjantjatjara. The latter has
4649:
4460:
4181:
3009:
4586:
1051:
948:
McConvell, Patrick, D. Marmion and S. McNichol. (2005) 'Report of the
National Indigenous Language Survey of Australia ' Canberra: DCITA/AIATSIS/FATSIL
4621:
232:
and is one of the most easterly of the
Western Desert dialects, being spoken around the communities of Mimili, Indulkana and Fregon and across to
4614:
761:
4579:
4486:
4468:
4188:
3953:
3964:
4051:
3002:
244:
Yankunytjatjara is one of the many dialects of the
Western Desert language and is very similar to the better known, more widely spoken
4593:
578:
917:
Naessan, Petter (2008) 'Some tentative remarks on the sociolinguistic vitality of
Yankunytjatjara in Coober Pedy, South Australia',
1044:
850:
4607:
4174:
4111:
4508:
892:
Goddard, Cliff (1987) A Basic
Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara to English dictionary, N.T.: Institute for Aboriginal Development
4600:
3918:
3406:
3018:
2995:
4381:
4146:
4125:
625:
4529:
4090:
4069:
1037:
642:
615:
173:
4097:
1880:
605:
331:
4533:
4044:
1752:
1019:
993:
974:
2726:
4442:
3795:
3640:
2140:
206:
163:
4076:
4522:
4139:
3596:
3487:
4433:
4298:
3332:
1257:
664:
149:
677:
389:
4167:
4132:
4118:
4104:
4083:
3589:
2738:
1452:
496:
319:
310:
4541:
4202:
4153:
3582:
3553:
3538:
2632:
2431:
2287:
2275:
2090:
1788:
1455:
1424:
1060:
652:
486:
456:
374:
365:
214:
69:
3654:
3473:
1903:
1731:
1342:
689:
681:
476:
4515:
4451:
4160:
3932:
3603:
3561:
3494:
2698:
1660:
1533:
1409:
1247:
1106:
1091:
691:
346:
337:
4644:
4312:
3611:
3466:
3459:
3199:
2489:
2461:
1609:
1285:
1242:
1175:
754:
Alternatively, the northernmost Yankunytjatjara and parts of Southern Luritja both have the word
564:
466:
245:
218:
210:
79:
4367:
4316:
4228:
3939:
3837:
3502:
3437:
3416:
2662:
2652:
1983:
1968:
1922:
1850:
1808:
553:
4558:
4335:
4291:
4195:
3802:
3739:
3568:
2872:
2565:
2552:
2364:
2181:
1940:
1357:
1237:
1185:
776:
for the demonstrative 'this' or 'this one'; this contrasts them with Ngaanyatjara, which has
683:
636:
584:
543:
513:
252:
where many speakers of both varieties reside (although the town is on what was traditionally
222:
2760:
4374:
2893:
2801:
2747:
2601:
2537:
2400:
2249:
2221:
2216:
2031:
1960:
1945:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1813:
1726:
1632:
1617:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1378:
1347:
1195:
1190:
533:
406:
8:
4305:
4235:
3353:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2791:
2677:
2542:
2395:
2372:
2349:
2206:
1898:
1800:
1713:
1673:
1640:
1576:
1556:
1467:
1295:
1221:
1101:
1096:
1005:
A Semantically-Oriented Grammar of Yankunytjatjara Dialect of the Western Desert Language
870:
443:
141:
2987:
4249:
3946:
3304:
3136:
3089:
3040:
2963:
2935:
2925:
2852:
2765:
2581:
2377:
2318:
2310:
2295:
2272:
2239:
2163:
2153:
2130:
2059:
2054:
1973:
1935:
1865:
1785:
1721:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1650:
1645:
1541:
1485:
1429:
1388:
1316:
1270:
1265:
1200:
1126:
523:
438:
423:
2644:
127:
4277:
4270:
3872:
3774:
3068:
2950:
2917:
2898:
2888:
2837:
2827:
2596:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2428:
2387:
2300:
2244:
2231:
2211:
2191:
2148:
2110:
2087:
2041:
2018:
1998:
1988:
1930:
1829:
1823:
1668:
1523:
1518:
1480:
1404:
1383:
1352:
1290:
1216:
1170:
1111:
989:
970:
597:
433:
411:
827:
Both schemas indicate that Yankunytjatjara shows symptoms of endangerment (although
169:
4328:
4284:
4242:
4019:
3879:
3725:
3290:
3150:
3054:
2940:
2903:
2842:
2770:
2755:
2672:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2499:
2456:
2354:
2328:
2196:
2176:
2171:
2125:
2115:
2064:
2049:
2026:
2008:
1688:
1599:
1594:
1508:
1490:
1475:
1419:
1337:
1332:
1311:
1180:
1121:
1116:
782:
for the demonstrative and Nyanganyatjara varieties (still further west) which have
416:
261:
253:
236:
and Coober Pedy (although this latter is not on traditional Yankunytjatjara land).
800:
is usually pronounced (in normal, fast speech) with one of the repeated syllables
4263:
4256:
3865:
3697:
3360:
2968:
2958:
2930:
2862:
2832:
2822:
2703:
2682:
2667:
2657:
2586:
2532:
2512:
2451:
2405:
2336:
2201:
2186:
2120:
2102:
2003:
1978:
1890:
1837:
1762:
1747:
1703:
1678:
1622:
1589:
1500:
1414:
1275:
1152:
1136:
1131:
1073:
568:
507:
428:
229:
61:
42:
32:
901:
Goddard, Cliff (1991) ‘A Case Study in the Cross-Cultural Semantics of Emotion’
154:
4548:
4342:
3925:
3900:
3830:
3718:
3683:
3676:
3647:
3546:
3339:
3283:
3047:
2806:
2796:
2786:
2608:
2443:
1757:
1584:
1546:
1373:
450:
74:
4638:
4349:
3858:
3851:
3816:
3809:
3788:
3767:
3711:
3690:
3669:
3662:
3381:
3178:
3033:
1993:
1950:
1513:
1162:
962:
292:
4026:
3893:
3886:
3844:
3746:
3704:
3367:
3234:
739:
suffix, and means 'having' or 'with'. Thus Yankunytjatjara means 'to have
111:
4012:
3823:
3781:
3753:
3732:
3633:
3346:
3171:
1029:
304:
287:
249:
4399:
3516:
3388:
3374:
3311:
3297:
3213:
3143:
3129:
3061:
736:
357:
297:
257:
233:
4005:
3985:
3430:
3269:
3192:
3101:
3093:
875:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
120:
104:
3760:
3575:
3444:
3276:
3255:
3248:
3220:
3185:
3164:
181:
3978:
3509:
3480:
3241:
3227:
3206:
3157:
3115:
3075:
873:
Yankunytjatjara at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
266:
177:
3534:
3318:
3262:
3122:
3108:
3082:
1025:. Fact Sheet: Ulur u-Kata Tjuta National Park. Parks Australia.
848:
4406:
3452:
3423:
3325:
688:
when pronounced emphatically, or may also occur as voiceless
903:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
812:. In slow, careful speech all syllables will be pronounced.
764:
to contrast them with the Southern Yankunytjatjara who use
4461:
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
180:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3017:
807:
801:
771:
765:
755:
740:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
967:
Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara to English Dictionary
746:
392:
are realised as when preceding laminal consonants.
783:
777:
4650:Indigenous Australian languages in South Australia
4182:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
4636:
924:
760:'true' and so are sometimes grouped together as
256:lands), young speakers of Yankunytjatjara often
228:Yankunytjatjara is spoken in the north-west of
4487:List of native title claims in South Australia
988:. Institute for Aboriginal Development Press.
4189:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park
3003:
1045:
933:
248:. According to a study carried out mainly in
4091:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)
3010:
2996:
1059:
1052:
1038:
717:) for this verb while Yankunytjatjara has
2271:
1784:
913:
911:
745:' as opposed to Pitjantjatjara which has
217:. It is one of the many varieties of the
2427:
2086:
1451:
888:
886:
884:
882:
849:Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021).
4175:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
2725:
1002:
983:
961:
174:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4637:
4469:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
2630:
908:
864:
3919:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
3019:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
2991:
2724:
2629:
2426:
2270:
2085:
1783:
1450:
1071:
1033:
879:
4147:Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area
4126:Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park
4530:Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy
4112:Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park
1072:
822:National Indigenous Language Survey
13:
4098:Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park
1012:
14:
4661:
1007:. Australian National University.
919:Australian Journal of Linguistics
663:
651:
641:
624:
614:
604:
583:
577:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
373:
364:
345:
336:
330:
318:
309:
4509:Aborigines' Friends' Association
4400:Aṉangu (Western Desert language)
791:
4443:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
4077:Elliot Price Conservation Park
942:
895:
842:
207:Australian Aboriginal language
16:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
4523:Avenue Range Station massacre
4140:Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park
955:
396:
4434:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
986:A Grammar of Yankunytjatjara
969:. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
851:"Cultural diversity: Census"
272:
7:
4168:Strzelecki Regional Reserve
4133:Mamungari Conservation Park
4119:Innamincka Regional Reserve
4105:Lake Gairdner National Park
4084:Gawler Ranges National Park
4062:Co-managed protected areas:
4037:Indigenous protected areas:
239:
10:
4666:
4542:History of South Australia
4407:Nunga (Aboriginal English)
4203:Yumbarra Conservation Park
4154:Nullarbor Regional Reserve
3954:List of Aboriginal schools
4568:
4500:
4478:
4427:
4420:
4391:
4359:
4223:
4216:
4061:
4036:
3973:
3963:
3910:
3655:Poltpalingada Booboorowie
3625:
3526:
3405:
3398:
3025:
2949:
2916:
2881:
2815:
2779:
2746:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2691:
2643:
2639:
2625:
2574:
2498:
2470:
2442:
2438:
2422:
2386:
2363:
2327:
2309:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2230:
2162:
2139:
2101:
2097:
2081:
2040:
2017:
1959:
1921:
1889:
1836:
1822:
1799:
1795:
1779:
1740:
1712:
1659:
1631:
1608:
1575:
1532:
1499:
1466:
1462:
1446:
1397:
1366:
1325:
1304:
1256:
1230:
1209:
1161:
1145:
1084:
1080:
1067:
815:
640:
601:
572:
415:
405:
403:
277:
213:, belonging to the large
160:
148:
134:
118:
102:
97:
58:
48:
38:
28:
23:
4516:Australian frontier wars
4452:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
4161:Pureba Conservation Park
3933:Gerard Community Council
835:
4313:Western Desert language
1003:Goddard, Cliff (1983).
984:Goddard, Cliff (1985).
808:
802:
784:
778:
772:
766:
756:
747:
741:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
700:
696:in word-final position.
219:Western Desert Language
4368:Lower Murray languages
3940:Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa
3838:Eileen Yaritja Stevens
2591:old Wangkumara/Garlali
2560:new Wangkumara/Garlali
1061:Pama–Nyungan languages
711:(in the present tense
162:This article contains
54:600 (2021 census)
4574:By state or territory
4559:Waterloo Bay massacre
4196:Witjira National Park
4070:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
3740:Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin
3333:Western Desert people
1881:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
223:mutually intelligible
4375:Thura-Yura languages
4285:Ngamini (Yarluyandi)
2941:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
2727:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
221:, all of which are
215:Pama–Nyungan family
209:. It is one of the
4587:Northern Territory
4343:Yarli (Malyangapa)
3947:Maralinga Tjarutja
3803:Lowitja O'Donoghue
3137:Maralinga Tjarutja
2192:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
610:⟨ly⟩
538:⟨ny⟩
528:⟨ng⟩
481:⟨tj⟩
379:⟨aa⟩
351:⟨uu⟩
324:⟨ii⟩
4632:
4631:
4622:Western Australia
4496:
4495:
4416:
4415:
4212:
4211:
3873:Natasha Wanganeen
3775:Natascha McNamara
3621:
3620:
3092:, (including the
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2912:
2911:
2780:Mangarrayi-Marran
2739:Macro-Gunwinyguan
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2141:Kanyara–Mantharta
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
1917:
1916:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1425:Mbariman-Gudhinma
1020:"Anangu Language"
674:
673:
669:⟨ṟ⟩
657:⟨y⟩
647:⟨w⟩
630:⟨ḻ⟩
620:⟨l⟩
589:⟨r⟩
558:⟨ṉ⟩
548:⟨n⟩
518:⟨m⟩
501:⟨ṯ⟩
491:⟨t⟩
471:⟨k⟩
461:⟨p⟩
386:
385:
370:⟨a⟩
342:⟨u⟩
315:⟨i⟩
188:
187:
170:rendering support
166:phonetic symbols.
4657:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4561:
4554:
4544:
4537:
4534:Royal Commission
4525:
4518:
4511:
4489:
4471:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4425:
4424:
4409:
4402:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4360:Language groups:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4054:
4052:Mount Willoughby
4047:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3880:Ginger Wikilyiri
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3726:Stevie Goldsmith
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3542:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3403:
3402:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2744:
2743:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2721:
2641:
2640:
2627:
2626:
2440:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2284:
2283:
2268:
2267:
2099:
2098:
2083:
2082:
1908:Kuurn Kopan Noot
1904:Dhauwurd Wurrung
1834:
1833:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1732:Pallanganmiddang
1464:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1343:Aghu Tharrnggala
1082:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1008:
999:
980:
949:
946:
940:
937:
931:
928:
922:
921:, 28:2,103 — 138
915:
906:
899:
893:
890:
877:
868:
862:
861:
859:
857:
846:
811:
805:
787:
781:
775:
769:
759:
750:
744:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
695:
687:
679:
670:
667:
658:
655:
648:
645:
631:
628:
621:
618:
611:
608:
590:
587:
581:
559:
556:
549:
546:
539:
536:
529:
526:
519:
516:
502:
499:
492:
489:
482:
479:
472:
469:
462:
459:
401:
400:
391:
380:
377:
371:
368:
352:
349:
343:
340:
334:
325:
322:
316:
313:
282:
281:
144:
130:
114:
107:
64:
21:
20:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4601:South Australia
4599:
4592:
4585:
4580:New South Wales
4578:
4573:
4564:
4557:
4547:
4540:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4492:
4485:
4474:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4321:Yankunytjatjara
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3984:
3977:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3866:Gavin Wanganeen
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3698:Kevin Buzzacott
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3545:
3533:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3361:Yankunytjatjara
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3021:
3016:
2986:
2973:
2945:
2908:
2877:
2811:
2775:
2729:
2708:
2687:
2635:
2613:
2570:
2547:Wangka-Yutjurru
2494:
2466:
2434:
2410:
2382:
2359:
2323:
2305:
2278:
2254:
2226:
2158:
2135:
2093:
2069:
2036:
2013:
1955:
1913:
1885:
1851:Dja Dja Wurrung
1832:
1818:
1791:
1767:
1736:
1708:
1655:
1627:
1604:
1571:
1528:
1495:
1458:
1434:
1410:Flinders Island
1393:
1362:
1321:
1300:
1252:
1248:Guugu Yimidhirr
1226:
1205:
1157:
1141:
1107:Arritinngithigh
1092:Adithinngithigh
1076:
1074:Paman languages
1063:
1058:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:Further reading
996:
977:
958:
953:
952:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
925:
916:
909:
900:
896:
891:
880:
869:
865:
855:
853:
847:
843:
838:
818:
806:deleted, thus:
798:Yankunytjatjara
794:
723:(present tense
703:
680:can be trilled
668:
656:
646:
629:
619:
609:
588:
557:
547:
537:
527:
517:
500:
490:
480:
470:
460:
399:
378:
369:
350:
341:
323:
314:
280:
275:
242:
230:South Australia
191:Yankunytjatjara
168:Without proper
155:Yankunytjatjara
140:
126:
110:
103:
93:
85:Yankunytjatjara
65:
62:Language family
60:
51:
50:Native speakers
43:Yankuntjatjarra
33:South Australia
24:Yankunytjatjara
17:
12:
11:
5:
4663:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4645:Wati languages
4630:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4555:
4545:
4538:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4456:
4447:
4438:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4382:Sign languages
4378:
4371:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4317:Pitjantjatjara
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3926:Aṉangu schools
3922:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3901:Tjayanka Woods
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3831:Tauto Sansbury
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3719:Gladys Elphick
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3684:Shaun Burgoyne
3680:
3677:Peter Burgoyne
3673:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3648:Maringka Baker
3644:
3637:
3629:
3627:
3626:Notable people
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3606:(Point McLeay)
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3543:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3284:Pitjantjatjara
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2699:Lower Burdekin
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2637:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2490:Lower Arrernte
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2462:Western Desert
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1758:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Kuuk Thaayorre
1283:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1000:
994:
981:
975:
963:Goddard, Cliff
957:
954:
951:
950:
941:
939:Goddard (1985)
932:
930:Goddard (1996)
923:
907:
894:
878:
863:
840:
839:
837:
834:
817:
814:
793:
790:
729:). The ending
702:
699:
698:
697:
672:
671:
661:
659:
649:
639:
633:
632:
622:
612:
602:
600:
594:
593:
591:
575:
573:
571:
561:
560:
550:
540:
530:
520:
510:
504:
503:
493:
483:
473:
463:
453:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
395:
394:
393:
384:
383:
381:
362:
360:
354:
353:
328:
326:
307:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
279:
276:
274:
271:
246:Pitjantjatjara
241:
238:
211:Wati languages
186:
185:
172:, you may see
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
138:
132:
131:
124:
116:
115:
108:
100:
99:
98:Language codes
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
80:Western Desert
68:
66:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4662:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:Adnyamathanha
4226:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:Organisations
3909:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:James Unaipon
3856:
3853:
3852:David Unaipon
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:Frances Rings
3814:
3811:
3810:Alitya Rigney
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:Lewis O'Brien
3793:
3790:
3789:Betty Muffler
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:Tjungkara Ken
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:Nyakul Dawson
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3691:Hector Burton
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:Iris Burgoyne
3667:
3664:
3663:Jack Buckskin
3660:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3569:Killalpaninna
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:Yawarrawarrka
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:Ngaanyatjarra
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:Adnyamathanha
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Adnyamathanha
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Yabula-Yabula
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1610:Gumbaynggiric
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:Gureng Gureng
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Gugu Yalandyi
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1001:
997:
995:0-949659-32-0
991:
987:
982:
978:
976:0-949659-91-6
972:
968:
964:
960:
959:
945:
936:
927:
920:
914:
912:
904:
898:
889:
887:
885:
883:
876:
872:
867:
852:
845:
841:
833:
830:
825:
823:
813:
810:
804:
799:
792:Pronunciation
789:
786:
780:
774:
768:
763:
758:
752:
749:
743:
738:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
693:
685:
676:
675:
666:
662:
660:
654:
650:
644:
638:
635:
634:
627:
623:
617:
613:
607:
603:
599:
596:
595:
592:
586:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:
562:
555:
551:
545:
541:
535:
531:
525:
521:
515:
511:
509:
506:
505:
498:
494:
488:
484:
478:
474:
468:
464:
458:
454:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
418:
413:
410:
408:
402:
388:
387:
382:
376:
367:
363:
361:
359:
356:
355:
348:
339:
333:
329:
327:
321:
312:
308:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
283:
270:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Yankuntatjara
192:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
122:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
96:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
67:
63:
57:
53:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
4549:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4336:Yandruwandha
4320:
4306:Wangkangurru
4292:Ngarrindjeri
4027:Wati-kutjara
3997:
3993:
3989:
3894:Chad Wingard
3887:Norah Wilson
3845:Moogy Sumner
3747:Ruby Hammond
3705:Vince Copley
3657:(Tom Walker)
3597:Point Pearce
3488:Pipalyatjara
3368:Yardliyawara
3354:Yandruwandha
3235:Ngarrindjeri
2873:Anindilyakwa
2633:Pama–Nyungan
2587:Bulloo River
2566:Yandruwandha
2553:Wilson River
2432:Pama–Nyungan
2344:Yindjilandji
2288:Ngumpin–Yapa
2276:Pama–Nyungan
2217:Yindjibarndi
2182:Martuthunira
2091:Pama–Nyungan
1923:Lower Murray
1789:Pama–Nyungan
1456:Pama–Nyungan
1238:Barrow Point
1004:
985:
966:
944:
935:
926:
918:
902:
897:
866:
854:. Retrieved
844:
828:
826:
819:
809:yankunytjara
797:
795:
753:
704:
258:borrow words
243:
227:
202:
199:Jangkundjara
198:
194:
190:
189:
161:
119:
84:
70:Pama–Nyungan
18:
4315:(dialects:
4236:Antakirinja
4013:Muldjewangk
3986:'Dreamtime'
3967:and culture
3824:Nura Rupert
3782:Patty Mills
3754:Ruby Hunter
3733:Adam Goodes
3641:Jimmy Baker
3634:Ian Abdulla
3556:(Umeewarra)
3497:(Ernabella)
3399:Communities
3347:Wongkanguru
3305:Tanganekald
3090:Jarildekald
3041:Antakirinja
2894:Kungarakany
2816:Gunwinyguan
2802:Warndarrang
2602:Barranbinja
2538:Pitta Pitta
2401:Mayi-Kutuna
2365:Kalkatungic
2250:Nyangumarta
2222:Yinhawangka
2032:Ngadjunmaya
1946:Yitha-Yitha
1876:Wemba Wemba
1861:Madhi-Madhi
1856:Ledji-Ledji
1727:Gunaikurnai
1618:Kumbainggar
1379:Mbara-Yanga
1348:Ikarranggal
1196:Wik-Ngathan
1191:Wik-Mungkan
1176:Kugu-Muminh
637:Approximant
250:Coober Pedy
176:instead of
4639:Categories
4594:Queensland
3590:Oak Valley
3517:Yunyarinyi
3389:Yirawirung
3375:Yarluyandi
3312:Thangkaali
3298:Ramindjeri
3214:Ngangaruku
3144:Mardidjali
3130:Malyangapa
3069:Bungandidj
3062:Bodaruwitj
2868:Nunggubuyu
2858:Rembarrnga
2848:Kunbarlang
2792:Mangarrayi
2748:Maningrida
2557:Bundhamara
2543:Wanggamala
2527:Yarluyandi
2396:Mayi-Kulan
2373:Kalkatungu
2350:Warluwarra
2329:Warluwaric
2207:Nyiyaparli
1961:Thura-Yura
1899:Bungandidj
1871:Wathaurong
1753:Bandjalang
1674:Darkinjung
1661:Yuin–Kuric
1641:Gamilaraay
1633:Wiradhuric
1534:Waka–Kabic
1430:Umbindhamu
1296:Yir-Yoront
1280:Ogh-Undjan
1222:Morrobolam
1102:Anguthimri
1097:Andjingith
956:References
905:26:265-279
856:13 October
742:yankunytja
737:comitative
720:yankunytja
407:Peripheral
397:Consonants
234:Oodnadatta
4299:Paakantyi
4250:Barngarla
4217:Languages
4006:Tjilbruke
3998:tjukurrpa
3994:mura-mura
3583:Nepabunna
3554:Davenport
3547:Colebrook
3539:Poonindie
3431:Indulkana
3407:APY Lands
3291:Portaulun
3270:Peramangk
3193:Ngayawang
3151:Meintangk
3102:Karangura
3094:Mulbarapa
3055:Barngarla
2964:Gunindiri
2926:Kayardild
2853:Ngalakgan
2838:Kunwinjku
2766:Gurr-goni
2761:Ndjébbana
2678:Ritharrŋu
2582:Baagandji
2378:Yalarnnga
2319:Warumungu
2311:Warumungu
2240:Karajarri
2154:Mantharta
2131:Yinggarda
2060:Natingero
2055:Kalaamaya
1974:Barngarla
1936:Ngayawung
1866:Wadi-Wadi
1830:Kolakngat
1801:Yotayotic
1722:Dhudhuroa
1714:Gippsland
1694:Ngunnawal
1684:Dhanggati
1651:Wiradjuri
1646:Ngiyambaa
1577:Durubalic
1552:Gabi-Gabi
1542:Barunggam
1486:Warrgamay
1468:Dyirbalic
1389:Walangama
1271:Kok Thawa
1266:Koko-Bera
1258:Southwest
1210:Lamalamic
1201:Wik-Ompom
1186:Wik-Me'nh
1146:Northeast
1127:Ndrangith
796:The name
785:nyanganya
773:nyangatja
762:Maṯutjara
748:pitjantja
708:pitjantja
444:Retroflex
273:Phonology
203:Kulpantja
121:Glottolog
105:ISO 639-3
39:Ethnicity
4615:Victoria
4608:Tasmania
4552:massacre
4278:Ngadjuri
4271:Narungga
4020:Ngiṉṯaka
3965:Religion
3761:Ivaritji
3576:Koonibba
3474:Mintabie
3447:(Fregon)
3445:Kaltjiti
3277:Pilatapa
3256:Ngurunta
3249:Ngintait
3221:Ngaralda
3186:Ngadjuri
3165:Narungga
2899:Wardaman
2889:Gaagudju
2828:Uwinymil
2597:Muruwari
2485:Kaytetye
2480:Arrernte
2273:Northern
2212:Panyjima
2164:Ngayarta
2111:Badimaya
1999:Ngadjuri
1989:Narungga
1846:Bunurong
1814:Yotayota
1786:Southern
1699:Tharawal
1669:Awabakal
1567:Wuliwuli
1562:Wakawaka
1524:Warrongo
1481:Nyawaygi
1420:Kok Narr
1405:Djabugay
1384:Mbabaram
1367:Southern
1291:Kuuk Yak
1231:Yalanjic
1217:Lamalama
1171:Ayabadhu
1112:Awngthim
965:(1996).
714:pitjanyi
439:Alveolar
424:Bilabial
372:
344:
317:
240:Dialects
205:) is an
182:Help:IPA
128:yank1247
4501:History
4329:Wirangu
4243:Arabana
4045:Watarru
4000:, etc.)
3979:Arkaroo
3604:Raukkan
3510:Watarru
3495:Pukatja
3481:Nyapaṟi
3340:Wirangu
3242:Ngawadj
3228:Ngarkat
3207:Ngameni
3158:Mirning
3116:Kokatha
3076:Dhirari
3048:Arabana
3026:Peoples
2951:Garrwan
2918:Tangkic
2904:Wagiman
2843:Dalabon
2771:Nakkara
2756:Burarra
2523:Ngamini
2518:Mithaka
2508:Arabana
2472:Arandic
2429:Central
2355:Yanyuwa
2341:Bularnu
2301:Ngumbin
2296:Ngarrga
2245:Mangala
2232:Marrngu
2197:Nhuwala
2177:Kurrama
2172:Jurruru
2149:Kanyara
2126:Wajarri
2116:Malgana
2088:Western
2065:Nyungar
2050:Galaagu
2042:Nyungic
2027:Mirning
2019:Mirniny
2009:Wirangu
1941:Yaralde
1931:Keramin
1824:Kulinic
1689:Ngarigo
1600:Turrbal
1595:Nunukul
1519:Kingkel
1509:Bidjara
1491:Wulguru
1476:Dyirbal
1453:Eastern
1374:Agwamin
1358:Thaypan
1353:Takalak
1338:Angkula
1333:Alungul
1326:Thaypan
1317:Kuthant
1312:Kurtjar
1181:Pakanha
1122:Mbiywom
1117:Luthigh
779:ngaanya
735:is the
726:yananyi
598:Lateral
434:Palatal
412:Laminal
293:Central
267:Luritja
262:English
254:Arabana
178:Unicode
136:AIATSIS
4479:Cases:
4392:Words:
4264:Kaurna
3612:Yalata
3562:Gerard
3535:Akenta
3527:Other:
3467:Mimili
3460:Makiri
3319:Wailpi
3263:Nukunu
3200:Ngalia
3123:Kuyani
3109:Kaurna
2969:Waanyi
2959:Garrwa
2936:Minkin
2931:Lardil
2863:Ngandi
2823:Jawoyn
2704:Bindal
2673:Djinaŋ
2668:Djinba
2658:Dhuwal
2631:Other
2609:Yardli
2513:Diyari
2500:Karnic
2457:Wanman
2452:Ngardi
2406:Ngawun
2337:Wagaya
2202:Nyamal
2187:Ngarla
2121:Nhanda
2004:Nukunu
1984:Kuyani
1979:Kaurna
1763:Yidiny
1748:Anewan
1679:Dharug
1623:Yaygir
1590:Janday
1547:Dappil
1415:Gugadj
1305:Norman
1276:Kunjen
1153:Umpila
1137:Uradhi
1132:Ngkoth
992:
973:
816:Status
732:-tjara
417:Apical
278:Vowels
193:(also
29:Region
4550:Maria
4257:Dieri
3503:Umuwa
3453:Kaṉpi
3438:Kalka
3424:Iltur
3417:Amaṯa
3326:Warki
3083:Dieri
2882:Other
2833:Waray
2807:Yugul
2797:Marra
2787:Alawa
2692:Other
2683:Nhaŋu
2663:Djaŋu
2653:Dhaŋu
2645:Yolŋu
2575:Other
2533:Ngura
2103:Kartu
1891:Drual
1838:Kulin
1741:Other
1704:Wormi
1585:Guwar
1501:Maric
1398:Other
1085:North
1023:(PDF)
836:Notes
803:-tja-
694:]
690:[
686:]
682:[
569:Trill
508:Nasal
429:Velar
390:/i,a/
305:Close
288:Front
260:from
201:, or
4421:Laws
4350:Yuyu
3990:muda
3172:Nauo
2444:Wati
2388:Mayi
1994:Nauo
1951:Yuyu
1514:Biri
990:ISBN
971:ISBN
858:2022
767:mula
757:maṯu
701:Name
451:Stop
358:Open
298:Back
75:Wati
1163:Wik
829:how
678:/r/
565:Tap
164:IPA
150:ELP
112:kdd
4641::
4319:,
3996:,
3992:,
910:^
881:^
871:C4
788:.
751:.
692:r̥
375:aː
347:uː
320:iː
269:.
225:.
197:,
142:C4
4536:)
4532:(
4323:)
3988:(
3541:)
3537:(
3409::
3096:)
3011:e
3004:t
2997:v
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
998:.
979:.
860:.
684:r
665:ɻ
653:j
643:w
626:ɭ
616:l
606:ʎ
585:r
582:~
579:ɾ
567:/
554:ɳ
544:n
534:ɲ
524:ŋ
514:m
497:ʈ
487:t
477:c
467:k
457:p
366:a
338:u
335:~
332:ʊ
311:i
184:.
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